CN110506871A - 一种黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110506871A
CN110506871A CN201910922383.0A CN201910922383A CN110506871A CN 110506871 A CN110506871 A CN 110506871A CN 201910922383 A CN201910922383 A CN 201910922383A CN 110506871 A CN110506871 A CN 110506871A
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李孝武
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ZHUHAI HAILONG BIO-TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料及制备方法，包括：鱼粉10‑20份，豆粕20‑30份，菜粕10‑15份，棉粕5‑10份，玉米蛋白粉10‑15份，面粉15‑30份，米糠5‑10份，磷酸二氢钙1‑3份，多维预混物0.1‑0.5份，多矿预混物0.5‑1份，氯化胆碱0.1‑0.5份，食盐0.2‑0.5份，豆油1.5‑3.5份，抗氧化剂0.01‑0.05份，防霉剂0.1‑0.5份，包膜过碳酸钠0.01‑0.05份，腐殖酸钠0.1‑0.5份，枯草芽孢杆菌0.1‑0.5份，膨润土2‑5份。本发明满足高温期黄颡鱼需求；维持水体菌相平衡与稳定；有助水质稳定；提升饲料消化吸收率及饲料养殖效果。

Description

一种黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种配合饲料及其制备方法，尤其是涉及一种黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
黄颡鱼属鲶形目，鲿科，黄颡鱼属，黄颡鱼属有5个种类，分别为黄颡鱼(P.fulvldraco)、中间黄颡鱼(P.intermedius)、长须(叉尾)黄颡鱼(P.eupogon)、瓦氏(江)黄颡鱼(P.vachelli)和光泽黄颡鱼(P.nitidus)。黄颡鱼食性是肉食性为主的杂食性鱼类，规格不同的黄颡鱼食性也有所不同，体长2-4cm的个体主要摄食桡足类和枝角类；体长5-8cm的个体，主要摄食浮游动物以及水生昆虫；超过8cm以上的个体，主要摄食软体动物和小型鱼类等。
黄颡鱼以其丰富的营养、鲜美的风味，且无肌间刺，深受广大人们喜爱，养殖量和养殖水平也不断上升。我国华南地区、华中地区及浙江湖州区域精养黄颡鱼的养殖量非常大，饲料市场容量达数十万吨。黄颡鱼的养殖周期较长，从鱼苗到成鱼上市一般需要12-18个月。从市场养殖终端出鱼效果可以发现，经过高温期后，黄颡鱼的出鱼包产会从5、6月份的30斤/包左右下降到8、9月份的25斤/包左右，包产会有4-5斤/包(饲料20千克包)的下降，即饲料系数会有0.2-0.3的上升，给养殖户的养殖效益带来较大影响。高温季节，黄颡鱼精养塘口还易爆发蓝藻水华，对水质及鱼体健康均会产生不利影响。高温期后的包产下降较快，估计与高温期的饲料设计、水质指标等相关，从市场调研发现，市场主流品牌的黄颡鱼料在高温期并没有针对性的研发和推广稳定水质的饲料。
因此，有必要开发一种黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料，以保证黄颡鱼高温期的健康生长、提高养殖效率，提升养殖效益，促进黄颡鱼养殖产业健康发展。
发明内容
针对以上不足，本发明提供一种黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料及其制备方法，保障黄颡鱼高温期能健康、快速生长，降低氮磷排放，提升池塘水质质量，提高养殖效率，促进黄颡鱼养殖业发展的稳定水质配合饲料及其制备方法。
本发明通过以下方案达到上述目的：
为实现上述目的，本发明所采取的技术方案如下：
一种黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉10-20份，豆粕20-30份，菜粕10-15份，棉粕5-10份，玉米蛋白粉10-15份，面粉15-30份，米糠5-10份，磷酸二氢钙1-3份，多维预混物0.1-0.5份，多矿预混物0.5-1份，氯化胆碱0.1-0.5份，食盐0.2-0.5份，豆油1.5-3.5份，抗氧化剂0.01-0.05份，防霉剂0.1-0.5份，包膜过碳酸钠0.01-0.05份，腐殖酸钠0.1-0.5份，枯草芽孢杆菌0.1-0.5份，膨润土2-5份。
在一个优选的实施例中，一种黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉10份，豆粕25份，菜粕10份，棉粕5份，玉米蛋白粉15份，面粉20份，米糠6份，磷酸二氢钙2份，多维预混物0.1份，多矿预混物0.5份，氯化胆碱0.15份，食盐0.2份，豆油3份，抗氧化剂0.02份，防霉剂0.1份，包膜过碳酸钠0.01份，腐殖酸钠0.1份，枯草芽孢杆菌0.2份，膨润土2.62份。
在一个优选的实施例中，一种黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉12份，豆粕24份，菜粕11份，棉粕5份，玉米蛋白粉14份，面粉20份，米糠5份，磷酸二氢钙2份，多维预混物0.1份，多矿预混物0.5份，氯化胆碱0.15份，食盐0.2份，豆油3份，抗氧化剂0.02份，防霉剂0.1份，包膜过碳酸钠0.02份，腐殖酸钠0.15份，枯草芽孢杆菌0.3份，膨润土2.26份。
优选的，所述防霉剂为乙氧基喹啉60％。
优选的，所述抗氧化剂为丙酸宝(丙酸含量≥50％)。
一种制备上述黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料的方法，将组分粉碎后混合，经超微粉碎后，经饲料机制成。
与普通饲料相比，本发明有益效果在于：
1、在研究了黄颡鱼高温期主要消化酶活性特征后，针对性的做了粗蛋白、粗脂肪及碳水化合物的含量调整，能更好的满足高温期黄颡鱼的生理与生长需求；
2、将高温期稳定水质饲料中粗蛋白含量适度降低，碳水化合物含量适度提升，使得C/N比更合理，有助降低水体氮的负荷，降低水体氨氮及亚硝酸盐过高的几率，同时水体碳源升高，有助于水体细菌的繁殖，维持水体菌相平衡与稳定；
3、添加包膜过碳酸钠有助于提升池塘水体溶氧、提升鱼体消化吸收率，减少粪便等的排放，降低水体氨氮及亚硝酸盐过高的几率；此外，有助于枯草芽孢杆菌更好的发挥作用；
4、饲料中加入枯草芽孢杆菌，添加枯草芽孢杆菌有助于及时降解水体有机质的分解，降低水体氨氮及亚硝酸盐过高的几率，有助于及时降解池塘中的有机质，维持池塘水质稳定；
5、饲料中添加了腐殖酸钠，有助于降低高温阶段强烈的阳光对水体有益藻类的伤害，减少蓝藻等有害藻类成为优势藻类而导致的水华及水质剧烈变化，有助于防止蓝藻成为优势藻类，防止水华的发生；
6、上述三种物质的加入使得高温期的饲料系数大幅度降低，且有助于水质的稳定。
7、本发明饲料有助于提升饲料消化吸收率，有助于提升饲料养殖效果。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。
实施例1
按重量份计，组分为：鱼粉10份，豆粕25份，菜粕10份，棉粕5份，玉米蛋白粉15份，面粉20份，米糠6份，磷酸二氢钙2份，多维预混物0.1份，多矿预混物0.5份，氯化胆碱0.15份，食盐0.2份，豆油3份，抗氧化剂0.02份，防霉剂0.1份，包膜过碳酸钠0.01，腐殖酸钠0.1份，枯草芽孢杆菌0.2份，膨润土2.62份。
取粉碎后的饲料原料充分混合后经超微粉碎，用膨化饲料机制得实施例1的高温期稳定水质的黄颡鱼配合饲料。
本实施例制成的饲料蛋白含量38.5％，脂肪含量达到7％，赖氨酸含量达到2.37％，淀粉含量25.3％，能充分满足黄颡鱼的营养需求。
普通黄颡鱼饲料的组分(以重量份计)：鱼粉20份，豆粕19份，菜粕14份，棉粕8份，玉米蛋白粉9份，面粉:17份，米糠7份，磷酸二氢钙2份，多维预混物0.1份，多矿预混物0.5份，氯化胆碱0.15份，食盐0.2份，豆油3份，抗氧化剂0.02份，防霉剂0.1份，膨润土0.93份。
使用饲料在同一池塘中用2个网箱养殖黄颡鱼80天(7月1日-9月18日)，记录投饲量；每10天测定1次投饵区的溶氧；实验结束后各箱随机选取30尾黄颡鱼测定体长、体重以计算肥满度。
本实验测定结果如下表：
项目 普通黄颡鱼饲料 黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质料
放鱼重量(g) 4969 5056
初始平均规格(g) 62.11±2.07 62.39±2.43
投喂量(g) 2223 2276
投饵区溶氧(mg/L) 2.31±0.12a 3.56±0.17b
终末平均规格(g) 79.53±3.58a 88.16±2.94b
平均肥满度(％) 1.74±0.06a 1.83±0.08b
饲料系数 1.59 1.45
上表的结果表明，使用本实施例所提供黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质料投饵区的溶氧更充足，养殖的黄颡鱼生长速度更快、肥满度更好、饲料系数更低。
实施例2
按重量份计，组分为：鱼粉12份，豆粕24份，菜粕11份，棉粕5份，玉米蛋白粉14份，面粉20份，米糠5份，磷酸二氢钙2份，多维预混物0.1份，多矿预混物0.5份，氯化胆碱0.15份，食盐0.2份，豆油3份，抗氧化剂0.02份，防霉剂0.1份，包膜过碳酸钠0.02份，腐殖酸钠0.15份，枯草芽孢杆菌0.3份，膨润土2.26份。
取粉碎后的饲料原料充分混合后经超微粉碎，用膨化饲料机制得本实施例的黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质配合饲料。
本实施例制成的饲料蛋白含量39.0％，脂肪含量达到7.2％，赖氨酸含量达到2.28％，淀粉含量24.9％，能充分满足黄颡鱼的营养需求。
普通黄颡鱼饲料的组分(以重量份计)：鱼粉21份，豆粕19份，菜粕13份，棉粕9份，玉米蛋白粉10份，面粉:16份，米糠5份，磷酸二氢钙2份，多维预混物0.1份，多矿预混物0.5份，氯化胆碱0.2份，食盐0.2份，豆油3份，抗氧化剂0.02份，防霉剂0.1份，膨润土0.88份。
用本实例提供的饲料及普通普通黄颡鱼饲料分别对黄颡鱼进行养殖实验，实验在4个3亩的矩形池塘中进行，养殖周期为6月15日-8月29日，每天投喂实验饲料两次(上午9点和下午5点)，每周日上午10点测定溶氧、氨氮及亚硝酸盐含量。实验结束后，随机挑取60尾黄颡鱼测定平均体重，拉网干塘，计算产量与包产。
本实验结果如下表：
普通黄颡鱼料 黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质料
溶氧(mg/L) 4.83±0.25a 5.76±0.19b
氨氮(mmol/L) 0.82±0.07a 0.47±0.06b
亚硝酸盐(mmol/L) 0.43±0.04a 0.15±0.02b
平均体重(g) 116.21±7.27a 129.45±6.14b
包产(斤/包) 24.82±0.32a 27.78±0.21b
上表的实验表明，使用本实施例所提供高温期稳定水质的黄颡鱼饲料养殖的池塘水质更好，更有利于黄颡鱼的生存和生长；黄颡鱼生长速度更快，包产更高。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳的具体实施例，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉10-20份，豆粕20-30份，菜粕10-15份，棉粕5-10份，玉米蛋白粉10-15份，面粉15-30份，米糠5-10份，磷酸二氢钙1-3份，多维预混物0.1-0.5份，多矿预混物0.5-1份，氯化胆碱0.1-0.5份，食盐0.2-0.5份，豆油1.5-3.5份，抗氧化剂0.01-0.05份，防霉剂0.1-0.5份，包膜过碳酸钠0.01-0.05份，腐殖酸钠0.1-0.5份，枯草芽孢杆菌0.1-0.5份，膨润土2-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉10份，豆粕25份，菜粕10份，棉粕5份，玉米蛋白粉15份，面粉20份，米糠6份，磷酸二氢钙2份，多维预混物0.1份，多矿预混物0.5份，氯化胆碱0.15份，食盐0.2份，豆油3份，抗氧化剂0.02份，防霉剂0.1份，包膜过碳酸钠0.01，腐殖酸钠0.1份，枯草芽孢杆菌0.2份，膨润土2.62份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉12份，豆粕24份，菜粕11份，棉粕5份，玉米蛋白粉14份，面粉20份，米糠5份，磷酸二氢钙2份，多维预混物0.1份，多矿预混物0.5份，氯化胆碱0.15份，食盐0.2份，豆油3份，抗氧化剂0.02份，防霉剂0.1份，包膜过碳酸钠0.02份，腐殖酸钠0.15份，枯草芽孢杆菌0.3份，膨润土2.26份。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一所述的一种黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料，其特征在于，所述防霉剂为乙氧基喹啉60％。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一所述的一种黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料，其特征在于，所述抗氧化剂为丙酸宝，丙酸含量≥50％。
6.一种制备权利要求1-5中任一所述的黄颡鱼高温期稳定水质的配合饲料的方法，其特征在于，将组分粉碎后混合，经超微粉碎后，经饲料机制成。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11127795A (ja) * 1997-10-30 1999-05-18 Hasshomaru Suisan:Kk 養魚用餌料
CN104171595A (zh) * 2014-07-15 2014-12-03 浙江海大饲料有限公司 无外源性色素添加的黄颡鱼专用配合饲料及其制备方法
CN108503044A (zh) * 2018-04-11 2018-09-07 合肥卓畅农业科技有限公司 一种养殖厂水体絮凝增氧杀菌净水剂及其制备方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11127795A (ja) * 1997-10-30 1999-05-18 Hasshomaru Suisan:Kk 養魚用餌料
CN104171595A (zh) * 2014-07-15 2014-12-03 浙江海大饲料有限公司 无外源性色素添加的黄颡鱼专用配合饲料及其制备方法
CN108503044A (zh) * 2018-04-11 2018-09-07 合肥卓畅农业科技有限公司 一种养殖厂水体絮凝增氧杀菌净水剂及其制备方法

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