CN110506559B - Cultivation method of carthamus chinensis - Google Patents
Cultivation method of carthamus chinensis Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating carthamus chinensis, which comprises the following steps: selecting soil, cultivating a substrate and cutting a seed stick, selecting soil with the organic matter content of 68-75% for cultivation, adding EM bacterial liquid into the cultivating substrate for fermentation cultivation, activating peat soil, coconut chaff, triethanolamine and olivine through microbial fermentation for conversion and fusion to form a coordinated microbial colony, preparing the cultivating substrate which is integrated with the characteristics of good physicochemical environment for seedling development and the like, and being beneficial to continuous and effective fertility supply, so that the survival rate of the cultivated loropetalum chinense reaches 99.1%, the height of the cultivated loropetalum chinense reaches 23cm, branches reach 10, the length of the branches is 12cm, and the diameter of the branches is 0.8 cm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of green planting cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of carthamus flower loropetalum chinense.
Background
Loropetalum chinense, a variant of Loropetalum chinense, is a plant of the genus Loropetalum of the family Euphorbiaceae, evergreen shrub or small arbor. The four seasons have red leaves, the number of red leaves is 170-220 days, the flowering period is 90-115 days, the tree posture is beautiful, and the plant is an extremely precious flower leaf-watching plant in modern city construction. Meanwhile, the redwood is flexible, is trimmed and easy to be coiled and formed, and is an ideal material for manufacturing the stump bonsai. The red currant has the advantages of fast growth, strong Hangzhou adversity, wide growth adaptation range, multiple variety variation, wide application in the circle forest, and enjoying the reputation of 'plant pandas', thereby having wide development prospect.
At present, the volume of the cultivated red flower loropetalum chinense is short, branches are slender, branches are sparse, the survival rate is low, the ornamental effect is poor, and the economic value and the ecological value cannot be embodied.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for cultivating carthamus chinensis.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the cultivation method of the carthamus chinensis comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting soil: selecting metamorphic rock old stratum primary soil with loose and deep soil and a pH value of 5.0-7.5; 68-75% of organic matters, wherein the organic matters comprise, by weight: 18-31% of carbohydrate, 28-35% of lignin, 12-29% of available potassium and 5-10% of available phosphorus;
s2, cultivation medium: adding EM bacterial liquid with the weight of 3-5% into a seedling culture substrate, standing for 13-20 hours at the normal temperature of 25 ℃ and the moisture content of 55-60%, heating to 38-55 ℃, and standing for 3-5 hours to obtain a culture substrate, wherein the seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 12-28: 11-36: 10-25 parts of peat soil, coconut husk, triethanolamine and olivine;
s3, cutting the seed wood: pouring a culture medium into a cuboid volume box, cutting the seed strips in the culture medium, placing the culture medium in an environment with the temperature of 25-35 ℃ and the humidity of 70% -90% for seedling culture, spraying 30-80 ml of nutrient solution per cubic meter in the seedling culture process, transplanting the seedling culture medium into soil, and then performing water and fertilizer management;
the peat soil is the peat soil which is nourished by a biological leavening agent, the biological leavening agent is any one group of bacillus subtilis, bifidobacterium and nocardia or a composition of the bacillus subtilis, the bifidobacterium and the nocardia, and the nutrient solution is urea: ethylene diamine: polyacrylamide: bromonitroethylene according to 1: 1-3: 2-3.6: 0.8-2.1, wherein the water and fertilizer management is that water is poured once a day in sunny days in one month, the water is poured in the evening, the water is not poured in rainy days, the water is not poured after one month, and reasonable water is supplemented in special annual scenes; watering for a small amount of times before beginning spring to rainy season in the next year or later, and watering once a day or every 1-2 days according to the condition, wherein the watering is not performed in the rainy season and the dormant period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the safflower loropetalum chinense cultivated by the method has strong germination capacity, strong branching, high survival rate, safety and high efficiency, keeps high yield and high quality, fully protects the diversity of the safflower loropetalum chinense, is luxuriant in growth, is suitable for being planted as a landscape tree, and can improve the economic value and the ecological value of the safflower loropetalum chinense;
(1) selecting soil with the organic matter content of 68-75% for cultivation, selecting metamorphic rock old stratum native soil with the bulk and the pH of 5.0-7.5, being beneficial to providing nutrition when nursery stocks are transferred and cultivated, and avoiding heavy metal accumulation brought by chemical fertilizers and reducing damage to the soil without excessive fertilization in the subsequent maintenance process, thereby reducing the cultivation cost;
(2) according to the scientific proportion, peat soil, coconut husk, triethanolamine and olivine form a seedling substrate, EM bacterial liquid is utilized to treat the seedling substrate according to a proportion, the moisture, the temperature and the time are adjusted, the seedling substrate is transformed and fused by activating peat soil, coconut husk, triethanolamine and olivine through microbial fermentation, a coordinated microbial colony is formed, the culture substrate which is integrated with the characteristics of excellent physicochemical environment for seedling development and the like is prepared, and the sustainable and effective fertility supply is facilitated;
(3) the nutrient solution is prepared according to a proportion, is regularly and quantitatively sprayed, combines with a culture medium, is in double management, is beneficial to the growth and development of the nursery stock, performs water and fertilizer management to simulate the wild growth, strengthens the branches and the stems of the nursery stock, effectively avoids the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, has strong germination capacity and strong branching, and improves the survival rate of the nursery stock.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Example 1
The cultivation method of the carthamus chinensis comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting soil: selecting metamorphic rock old stratum primary soil with loose and deep soil and a pH value of 5.0-7.5; the organic matter content is 68 percent, wherein the organic matter comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 18% of carbohydrate, 28% of lignin, 12% of available potassium and 5% of available phosphorus;
s2, cultivation medium: adding EM bacterial liquid accounting for 3% of the weight of the seedling substrate into the seedling substrate, standing for 13 hours at the normal temperature of 25 ℃ and at the water content of 55%, heating to 38 ℃, and standing for 3 hours to obtain a culture substrate, wherein the seedling substrate is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 12: 11: 10 of peat soil, coconut husk, triethanolamine and olivine;
s3, cutting the seed wood: pouring a culture medium into a cuboid volume box, cutting the seed strips in the culture medium, placing the culture medium in an environment with the temperature of 25-30 ℃ and the humidity of 70-80% for seedling culture, spraying 30ml of nutrient solution per cubic meter per day in the seedling culture process, transplanting the seedling culture medium into soil, and then performing water and fertilizer management;
the peat soil is the peat soil nourished by bacillus subtilis, and the nutrient solution is urea: ethylene diamine: polyacrylamide: bromonitroethylene according to 1: 1: 2: 0.8, the water and fertilizer management is that water is poured once a day in sunny days in one month, the water is not poured in the evening, the water is not poured in rainy days, the water is not poured after one month, and reasonable water is supplemented in special annual scenes; watering for a few times before spring beginning to rainy season in the next year or later, and watering once a day or every 1 day according to the condition, wherein watering is not performed in the rainy season and the dormant period.
Example 2
The cultivation method of the carthamus chinensis comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting soil: selecting metamorphic rock old stratum primary soil with loose and deep soil and a pH value of 7.5; the organic matter content is 75%, wherein the organic matter comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 31% of carbohydrate, 35% of lignin, 29% of available potassium and 10% of available phosphorus;
s2, cultivation medium: adding EM bacterial liquid accounting for 5% of the weight of the seedling substrate into the seedling substrate, standing for 20 hours at the normal temperature of 25 ℃ and the moisture content of 60%, heating to 55 ℃, and standing for 5 hours to obtain a culture substrate, wherein the seedling substrate is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 28: 36: 25 of peat soil, coconut husk, triethanolamine and olivine;
s3, cutting the seed wood: pouring a culture medium into a cuboid volume box, cutting the seed strips in the culture medium, placing the culture medium in an environment with the temperature of 28-35 ℃ and the humidity of 80-90% for seedling culture, spraying 80ml of nutrient solution per cubic meter per day in the seedling culture process, transplanting the seedling culture medium into soil, and then performing water and fertilizer management;
the peat soil is the peat soil which is nourished by bifidobacterium and nocardia, and the nutrient solution is urea: ethylene diamine: polyacrylamide: bromonitroethylene according to 1: 3: 3.6: 2.1, the water and fertilizer management is that water is poured once a day in sunny days in one month, the water is not poured in the evening, the water is not poured in rainy days, the water is not poured after one month, and reasonable water is supplemented in special annual scenes; watering for a few times before beginning spring to rainy season in the next year or later, and watering once a day or every 2 days according to the condition, wherein the watering is not performed in the rainy season and the dormant period.
Example 3
The cultivation method of the carthamus chinensis comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting soil: selecting metamorphic rock old stratum primary soil with loose and deep soil and a pH value of 6; the organic matter content is 70 percent, wherein the organic matter comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of carbohydrate, 32% of lignin, 20% of available potassium and 8% of available phosphorus;
s2, cultivation medium: adding EM bacterial liquid accounting for 4% of the weight of the seedling substrate into the seedling substrate, standing for 16 hours at the normal temperature of 25 ℃ and the moisture content of 58%, heating to 45 ℃, and standing for 4 hours to obtain a culture substrate, wherein the seedling substrate is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 45: 20: 19: 18 of peat soil, coconut husk, triethanolamine and olivine;
s3, cutting the seed wood: pouring a culture medium into a cuboid volume box, cutting the seed strips in the culture medium, placing the culture medium in an environment with the temperature of 30-32 ℃ and the humidity of 78-82% for seedling culture, spraying 55ml of nutrient solution per cubic meter per day in the seedling culture process, transplanting the seedling into soil, and performing water and fertilizer management;
the peat soil is the peat soil which is nourished by Nocardia, and the nutrient solution is urea: ethylene diamine: polyacrylamide: bromonitroethylene according to 1: 2: 3.3: 1.5, the water and fertilizer management is that water is poured once a day in sunny days in one month, the water is not poured in the evening, the water is not poured in rainy days, the water is not poured after one month, and reasonable water is supplemented in special annual scenes; watering for a few times before spring beginning to rainy season in the next year or later, and watering once a day or every 1 day according to the condition, wherein watering is not performed in the rainy season and the dormant period.
Example 4
This example differs from example 3 in that: the method for cultivating the carthamus chinensis, wherein the peat soil is not subjected to nutrition by a biological starter in the step S2.
Example 5
This example differs from example 3 in that: the cultivation method of the carthamus chinensis, namely the EM bacterial liquid in the step S2 is heated to 30 ℃ and then stands.
Example 6
This example differs from example 3 in that: the method for cultivating the carthamus chinensis, wherein the nutrient solution in the step S3 is urea: ethylene diamine: polyacrylamide: bromonitroethylene according to 1: 4: 4: 3 by weight ratio.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: in the method for cultivating the carthamus chinensis, in the step S1, the soil organic matter comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15% of carbohydrate, 20% of lignin, 35% of available potassium and 30% of available phosphorus.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the cultivation method of the carthamus chinensis, in the step S2, the seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 20: 10: 10: 5, peat soil, coconut husk, triethanolamine and olivine;
comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the cultivation method of the carthamus chinensis, in the step S2, no EM bacterial liquid is added.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the method for cultivating the carthamus chinensis does not spray nutrient solution in the step S3.
Survival and growth conditions of Loropetalum chinense
Comparing the 6-month safflower loropetalum chinensis cultivated in the examples 1-6 and the comparative examples 1-4, wherein the comparison data is as follows:
as can be seen from the above table, in examples 1 to 3, the survival condition and the growth condition of the carthamus chinensis cultivated in example 3 are optimal, and the cultivation substrate and the water and fertilizer management prepared by adopting reasonable soil organic matter content and scientific mixture ratio are beneficial to the growth of the carthamus chinensis; in examples 3 to 6, a biological starter is used to nourish peat soil, the moisture, temperature and time of EM bacterial liquid activation are adjusted, and the seedling culture substrate is transformed and fused by microbial fermentation activation to form a coordinated microbial colony; in comparative examples 1-4, in example 3, reasonable soil organic matter content and scientific preparation of the seedling substrate and treatment of the seedling substrate by using EM (effective microorganism) bacteria liquid according to a proportion are adopted, so that nutrition absorption of seedlings is facilitated, the survival rate of the cultivated 6-month safflower loropetalum chinense reaches 99.1%, the height of the cultivated 6-month safflower loropetalum chinense reaches 23cm, the number of branches reaches 10, the length of the branches is 12cm, and the diameter of the branches is 0.8 cm.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A method for cultivating carthamus chinensis is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting soil: selecting metamorphic rock old stratum primary soil with loose and deep soil and a pH value of 6; the organic matter content is 70 percent, wherein the organic matter comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of carbohydrate, 32% of lignin, 20% of available potassium and 8% of available phosphorus;
s2, cultivation medium: adding EM bacterial liquid accounting for 4% of the weight of the seedling substrate into the seedling substrate, standing for 16 hours at the normal temperature of 25 ℃ and the moisture content of 58%, heating to 45 ℃, and standing for 4 hours to obtain a culture substrate, wherein the seedling substrate is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 45: 20: 19: 18 of peat soil, coconut husk, triethanolamine and olivine; the peat soil is the peat soil which is nourished by a biological starter, and the biological starter is Nocardia;
s3, cutting the seed wood: pouring a culture medium into a cuboid volume box, cutting the seed strips in the culture medium, placing the culture medium in an environment with the temperature of 30-32 ℃ and the humidity of 78-82% for seedling culture, spraying 55ml of nutrient solution per cubic meter per day in the seedling culture process, transplanting the seedling into soil, and performing water and fertilizer management; the peat soil is the peat soil which is nourished by Nocardia, and the nutrient solution is urea: ethylene diamine: polyacrylamide: bromonitroethylene according to 1: 2: 3.3: 1.5 by weight ratio.
2. The method for cultivating carthamus chinensis according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and S2, heating the EM bacterial liquid to 38-55 ℃, and standing.
3. The method for cultivating carthamus chinensis according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (5) water and fertilizer management in the step S3: watering once a day in a sunny day in one month, and watering at night, wherein the watering is not performed in a rainy day, and the watering is not performed after one month, so that reasonable water replenishing is performed in a special annual scene; watering for a small amount of times before beginning spring to rainy season in the next year or later, and watering once a day or every 1-2 days according to the condition, wherein the watering is not performed in the rainy season and the dormant period.
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| CN106134891A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-23 | 浙江森禾种业股份有限公司 | Flos Carthami wood black pearl cuttage breeding method |
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2019
- 2019-09-23 CN CN201910900884.9A patent/CN110506559B/en active Active
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| CN103936508A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-23 | 青岛清溪菩提树现代农业发展有限公司 | Culture medium for lonicera edulis, and preparation method and application method thereof |
| CN105461879A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-04-06 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | Multipurpose polyurethane effective microorganism solidification carrier |
| CN106134891A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-23 | 浙江森禾种业股份有限公司 | Flos Carthami wood black pearl cuttage breeding method |
| CN106937579A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-07-11 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | A kind of southern cuttage and seedling culture method of autumn safflower Loropetalum wood |
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Address after: 570100 area C2, 8th floor, dongfangyang building, 288 Binhai Avenue, Xiuying District, Haikou City, Hainan Province Applicant after: Boya Garden Co.,Ltd. Address before: 570100 10 / F, Baoan Binhai Haoting No.4, Lijing Road, Longhua District, Haikou City, Hainan Province Applicant before: Hainan Boya Ecological Construction Co.,Ltd. |
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Address after: 570100 area C2, 8th floor, dongfangyang building, 288 Binhai Avenue, Xiuying District, Haikou City, Hainan Province Applicant after: Yuanyu Garden Co.,Ltd. Address before: 570100 area C2, 8th floor, dongfangyang building, 288 Binhai Avenue, Xiuying District, Haikou City, Hainan Province Applicant before: Boya Garden Co.,Ltd. |
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