CN110494214B - 固体形式吸附剂 - Google Patents

固体形式吸附剂 Download PDF

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CN110494214B
CN110494214B CN201780083798.2A CN201780083798A CN110494214B CN 110494214 B CN110494214 B CN 110494214B CN 201780083798 A CN201780083798 A CN 201780083798A CN 110494214 B CN110494214 B CN 110494214B
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solid form
sorbent
adsorbent
binder
particles
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CN110494214A (zh
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D·V·弗鲁格
R·L·道伯森
D·S·克莱斯
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Frodley Zhangjiagang Packaging Products Co ltd
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Abstract

一种固体形式吸附剂，其包括由粘合剂通过点接合在空间上固定就位的多个离散吸附剂颗粒。大多数颗粒的至少约25％的外表面积未被粘合剂封闭并且可用于吸附。

Description

固体形式吸附剂
本申请要求2016年12月16日提交的题为SOLID FORM ADSORBENT的美国临时申请序列号62/435,164的优先权，通过引用将其全部内容并入本文。
本申请针对于吸附剂，且更具体地，针对于固体或单块形式的吸附剂。
背景技术
吸附剂材料广泛用于从液体和气体中除去水和某些其它流体、分子、离子或其它污染物。吸附剂的一个特殊用途是从(例如汽车空调系统等中的)制冷剂流体中除去水和杂质。然而，此类汽车空调系统等中的现有吸附剂系统可能具有某些缺点和不足。
发明概述
本文提供一种固体形式吸附剂。该固体形式吸附剂包括用粘合剂通过点接合在空间上结合就位的多个离散吸附剂颗粒。大多数颗粒的至少约25％的外表面积未被粘合剂封闭，并且可用于吸附。
在一些实施方案中，基本上所有颗粒的至少约25％的外表面积未被粘合剂封闭并且可用于吸附。
在一些实施方案中，吸附剂颗粒具有约0.1微米和约500微米之间的平均有效直径。例如，吸附剂颗粒可具有约10微米的平均有效直径。
吸附剂的粘合剂可为聚合物。在一些实施方案中，该粘合剂包括热塑性均聚物、共聚物树脂、或其组合。该粘合剂可包括聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)树脂。
在一些实施方案中，该固体形式吸附剂包括约5重量％至约30重量％的粘合剂。
在一些实施方案中，该固体形式吸附剂的长度与有效直径之比为至少约1:1。
该固体形式吸附剂可以大体上是圆柱形的。该固体形式吸附剂也可以大体上是圆柱形的，具有延伸穿过其的中心开口。
在一些实施方案中，吸附剂颗粒包括吸水材料、分子筛材料、沸石粉末、或其组合。
吸附剂颗粒还可包括沸石、金属有机骨架材料、沸石咪唑酯骨架材料、具有氧化硅和氧化铝四面体的三维互连网络的结晶金属铝硅酸盐、多孔玻璃、活性炭、粘土、二氧化硅、硅胶、介孔氧化硅、氧化钙、硫酸钙、活性氧化铝、或其组合。
在一些实施方案中，吸附剂颗粒被烧结到粘合剂。
在一些实施方案中，固体形式吸附剂具有在其中形成的空隙，该空隙提供所述固体形式吸附剂的至少10％的体积。
吸附剂可包括约70重量％至约95重量％的吸附剂颗粒。
在一些实施方案中，粘合剂具有低于吸附剂颗粒的熔点。
在一些实施方案中，吸附剂颗粒和粘合剂的重量比为约95:5至约75:25。
本发明还提供一种吸附剂系统。该吸附剂系统包括固体形式吸附剂和其中的空调流体路径，配置制冷剂流体通过该流体路径流动，并且其中吸附剂位于该流体路径中。该吸附剂包括用粘合剂通过点接合在空间上结合就位的多个离散吸附剂颗粒，其中大多数颗粒的至少约25％的外表面积未被粘合剂封闭，并且可用于吸附。
在一些实施方案中，空调流体路径是存在于冷凝器中的空调流体路径。
该固体形式吸附剂可以大体上是圆柱形的。该固体形式吸附剂也可以大体上是圆柱形的，具有延伸穿过其的中心开口。在一些实施方案中，该吸附剂包括延伸穿过其的中心开口，使得可经由该中心开口从冷凝器中抽出制冷剂流体或将制冷剂流体引入冷凝器。
本文还提供一种用于减少汽车空调系统中的水量的方法。该方法包括向汽车空调系统中添加固体形式吸附剂。该吸附剂包括用粘合剂通过点接合在空间上结合就位的多个离散吸附剂颗粒，其中大部分颗粒的至少约25％的外表面积未被粘合剂封闭，并且可用于吸附。
附图简述
图1是汽车空调系统的冷凝器的正面局部截面视图，具有位于其中的固体形式吸附剂的一个实施方案；
图2是图1的固体形式吸附剂、管和盖的透视分解图；和
图3是固体形式吸附剂的一个实施方案的示意性细节图示，示出结合在一起的多个吸附剂和粘合剂颗粒。
发明详述
在一个实施方案中，本发明表现为固体形式吸附剂，该固体形式吸附剂具有嵌入粘合剂或与粘合剂结合的多个细的吸附剂颗粒。在一个实施方案中，吸附剂颗粒虽然与粘合剂结合，但所述吸附剂颗粒不完全被粘合剂封闭或覆盖，以确保颗粒能用于吸附水分等。这样的吸附剂可具有适用于汽车空调系统的特殊效用，下面将详细对其描述。
本文所述和示出的吸附剂可表现为固体单块结构的形式，其利用或包括由粘合剂颗粒通过点接合固定的吸附剂颗粒(例如干燥剂粉末)。点接合可以指材料仅在接触点处结合在一起。这种接合通常导致具有可测量的空隙空间的材料，其中由于填充效率低，材料体积未被包括。
吸附剂颗粒可由已知具有吸附性能和/或吸附水等的各种材料中的任何材料制成。在一些实施方案中，吸附剂颗粒包括分子筛、干燥剂材料、或其组合。例如，吸附剂颗粒可包括沸石、金属有机骨架材料(MOF)、沸石咪唑酯骨架材料(ZIF)、具有氧化硅和氧化铝四面体的三维互连网络的结晶金属铝硅酸盐、多孔玻璃、活性炭、粘土(例如蒙脱土和膨润土)、二氧化硅、硅胶、介孔氧化硅、氧化钙、硫酸钙、活性氧化铝、或其组合。分子筛材料的孔直径可为约1埃至约15埃，约1埃至约10埃，或约1埃至约5埃。例如，分子筛材料的孔直径可为约3埃。因此，在一种情形中，分子筛材料被设计成吸附水，但不吸附制冷剂流体或系统润滑油。在一种情形中，分子筛材料的容水量(重量％)可为至少约10％，或者在另一种情形中可为至少约20％。例如，分子筛的容水量可为约10％至约50％，约20％至约40％，约25％至约35％，或约28％至约29％。吸附剂材料的颗粒可以是相对细的粉末/颗粒，其平均尺寸或直径为约0.5微米至约500微米，约1微米至约300微米，约5微米至约100微米，或约8微米至约12微米。在一些实施方案中，吸附剂颗粒的平均尺寸或直径可为约5微米，约10微米，约100微米，或约500微米。
如本文所用，术语“约”可允许值或范围的一定程度的可变性，例如，在所述值或所述范围极限的10％、5％或1％以内。
在一些实施方案中，吸附剂包括约70重量％至约95重量％或约80重量％至约90重量％的吸附剂颗粒。例如，吸附剂可包括约80重量％，约85重量％，或约90重量％的吸附剂颗粒。
吸附剂的粘合剂可以是多种材料中的任一种，包括聚合物。例如，粘合剂可包括热塑性均聚物、共聚物树脂、或其组合。在一些实施方案中，粘合剂包括聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)树脂(在一种情形中由位于美国宾夕法尼亚州普鲁士国王市的Arkema Inc.出售的
Figure BDA0002132520910000041
材料)、聚烯烃(如聚乙烯、聚丙烯等)、聚酰胺(如尼龙6、尼龙6,6等)、聚酯(如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等)、共聚物(如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯等)、或其组合。在一些实施方案中，粘合剂是聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)。粘合剂应能够与吸附剂颗粒牢固地结合，并且对于使用该吸附剂的环境流体(例如，在一种情形中，制冷剂流体、油、水、和汽车系统中存在的其它流体)是惰性的。粘合剂还应在使用其的系统的局部环境条件(例如，在一种情形中，汽车空调系统中存在的高的温度和压力)下具有长期的机械和化学稳定性。
在一些实施方案中，吸附剂包括约5重量％至约30重量％或约10重量％至约20重量％的粘合剂。例如，吸附剂可包括约10重量％，约15重量％，或约20重量％的粘合剂。
粘合剂和吸附剂颗粒可通过各种方法和系统中的任何方法和系统组合并形成单一的实心单块体。在一种情形中，吸附剂颗粒和粘合剂均以粉末形式提供并混合在一起以形成均匀混合物。在上述范围内，粘合剂的平均直径可大致等于所用吸附剂颗粒的平均直径。在一种情形中，吸附剂颗粒和粘合剂的重量比可为约95:5至约75:25或约90:10至约80:20。例如，吸附剂颗粒和粘合剂的重量比可为约90:10，约85:15或约80:20。
在形成均匀混合物之后，然后可将该均匀混合物压缩模塑以产生固体形式的吸附剂。可控制在压缩模塑过程期间施加的热和/或压力以确保吸附剂颗粒不完全包封在粘合剂中，而是保留足够“暴露”的吸附剂颗粒表面，或具有足够的未覆盖表面积。也可控制在压缩模塑过程期间施加的热和/或压力，使得粘合剂与相邻的吸附剂颗粒充分结合，并使得粘合剂不会达到其完全熔化温度(其会引起粘合剂流动并覆盖吸附剂颗粒)。吸附剂颗粒与粘合剂之间的结合可由例如范德华力、氢键或两者产生。在一些实施方案中，吸附剂颗粒和粘合剂之间的结合不涉及共价键合或基本上不涉及共价键合。吸附剂颗粒可具有比粘合剂更高的熔化温度，使得吸附剂材料也不会熔化。
因此，压缩模塑过程可被认为是形成固态物质吸附剂的烧结过程。吸附剂颗粒被固定和空间固定，同时仍保持它们的吸附能力。固体形式吸附剂可具有吸附颗粒的点接合，而不具有吸附剂-吸附剂接合，该吸附剂-吸附剂接合典型仅发生在会导致吸附能力丧失、机械完整性丧失或两者都丧失的条件下。
取决于压缩模塑过程的参数，在一些情形中，可在压缩模塑过程期间增加热量以确保粘合剂材料达到其足够软化/粘合/粘性状态，例如在一种情形中达到其维卡(Vicat)A软化温度。然而，在其它情形中，在压缩模塑过程中施加到混合物上的压力在混合物中产生足够的内部热量，使得不需要外部热量。在甚至其它情形中，在压缩模塑过程中产生的压力会在混合物中产生过多的热量，期望将其去除以确保粘合剂材料不液化，并且在这种情形中，可在压缩模塑期间对混合物进行冷却。可通过各种结构、装置或方法中的任何来进行压缩模塑过程，然而在一种情形中，使用活塞或其它柱塞状工具来压缩加热的块状模具中的腔内的混合物。在压缩模塑过程完成后，在从模具块中排出之前使固体形式吸附剂稍微冷却至低于粘合剂的软化点，然后进一步冷却。
在一些实施方案中，吸附剂的表面积包括约5％至约95％(按表面积计)的吸附剂颗粒。例如，吸附剂的表面积可包括按表面积计约10％至约40％或约20％至约30％的吸附剂颗粒。吸附剂的表面积还可包括按表面积计约60％至约90％或约70％至约80％的吸附剂颗粒。
吸附剂可部分涂覆有其它材料或可不含任何涂层。
沿着固体形式吸附剂的一部分截取的横截面的示意图示于图3中，示出固体形式吸附剂10，其具有与粘合剂颗粒14接合的吸附剂颗粒12，具有位于固体形式吸附剂10中的空隙16。在一种情形中，一些、全部、基本上全部或大部分的吸附剂颗粒12的表面积的至少约25％未被粘合剂/粘合剂颗粒14封闭和/或暴露于空隙16，并且在这种情形中，吸附剂颗粒12的约75％的表面积可用于吸附，使得孔、通道和吸附位点保持可触及并且可用于吸附。未被粘合剂14封闭的每个吸附颗粒12的表面积通常与相邻的吸附颗粒12接触或暴露于开放的空隙空间16。在这种情形中，由吸附颗粒12和粘合剂颗粒14的无规填充形成的空隙16提供穿过固体形式吸附剂10的厚度的曲折路径的网络，从而使得全部或接近全部或大部分的吸附剂颗粒12和/或它们的表面积可用于吸附水分或其它非合意物质。通常希望大部分吸附颗粒12和/或它们的表面积保持暴露，同时与粘合剂颗粒14充分接合以确保足够刚性的单块。因此，应控制在压缩模塑过程期间施加的压缩力以防止空隙16的过度消除。
对于具有3-D孔网络的固体形式吸附剂10，只要吸附颗粒12的一些面积暴露，则整个颗粒12就能够用于吸附。然而，如果吸附剂颗粒12的过多表面积被粘合剂14覆盖，则会限制吸附材料的动态吸收(kinetic uptake)。因此，固体形式吸附剂10在整个结构中提供空隙16。正是这种空隙16的网络可从主要流体快速动态吸收吸附物。因此，在一种情形中，固体形式吸附剂10的空隙16在约10体积％至约60体积％的范围内；或在一种情形中为大于约10体积％，或在另一种情形中为大于约25体积％，或在另一种情形中为小于约60体积％或小于约50体积％。
作为具体实例，将15重量％的
Figure BDA0002132520910000071
FG-81(Arkema Inc.，King ofPrussia，PA，USA)(粘合剂)和85重量％的
Figure BDA0002132520910000072
NK30AP(CECA SA，Colombes，FRA)(吸附剂)在不锈钢搅拌碗中用手混合5分钟。然后将均匀的粉末混合物置于厚壁不锈钢管中，其内表面用作外模表面。在该管的底部部分的内侧安装小活塞，以便将松散的粉末混合物保持在模具内并施加压缩力。该活塞包括在其中心形成的孔以容纳芯轴，该芯轴形成具有环形横截面的固体吸附剂的内模表面。将粉末混合物放入该管中，围绕中心芯轴，每次几克，然后用一根形状与中心芯轴匹配的杆紧密地夯实，以去除夹带的空气。当加入足够的粉末混合物并夯实到模具中时，使用手扳压机将粉末进一步压缩至约0.85g/cc的表观密度。然后在450℉的烘箱中将致密化的粉末加热1小时。将加热的压缩模具组件从烘箱中取出并在1000和10000psi之间压制，以获得约1.18g/cc的最终表观密度。使模具冷却，然后从模具中取出固体形式吸附剂。
尽管上述实施例提供了有关用于形成固体形式吸附剂的压缩模塑过程的细节，但应理解，还可通过压缩模塑之外的各种其它方法中的任何方法形成所述固体形式吸附剂。例如，在一种情形中，可形成上述均匀混合物，然后将其放入挤出机(例如螺杆挤出机)中，并挤出以提供如上所述的具有部分暴露的吸附剂颗粒的固体形式吸附剂。模塑/成形期间的压缩力可通过各种机构、装置或结构中的任何提供，例如通过液压或机械冲头和压模装置。然而，挤出成形方法的一个优点是能够更精确地控制混合物的内部温度。
根据期望的最终用途，可使固体形式吸附剂成形为所期望的各种形状和构造中的任何。在一种情形中，固体形式吸附剂大体上为管形或圆柱形。然而，应当理解，固体形式吸附剂可具有除圆形以外的其它形状或横截面，例如三角形、正方形、矩形、六边形或其它(规则或不规则)几何形状或其它形状。当固体形式吸附剂为圆柱形状时，其长度/直径比率在一种情形中可为至少约1:1，或在另一种情形中为至少约4:1，或在又一种情形中为至少约8:1，从而产生相对长/细的圆柱形。在固体形式吸附剂具有圆柱形以外的形状的情形中，其可具有相似的长度/有效直径比率，其中可通过确定提供等效横截面积所需的圆的直径来计算有效直径。
如图1所示，在一个特定的使用方面，固体形式吸附剂10可与汽车空调系统的冷凝器18结合使用。在这种情形中，冷凝器18可包括定位在冷凝器18一侧的贮液-干燥器管20。图示的固体形式吸附剂10是相对长且细的圆柱形状，使得固体形式吸附剂10能够紧密地配合到贮液-干燥器管20中。
在所示实施方案中，固体形式吸附剂10在其整个长度上包括中心的轴向延伸的开口22。开口22可被配置成在其中容纳拾取管24。管24进而可经调整尺寸和配置以便在其上容纳滤清器盖26，例如以压力配合或过盈配合的方式。滤清器盖26被配置成密封配合到冷凝器18的贮液-干燥器管20的上端中以密封冷凝器18，并且可在其中包括过滤介质。滤清器盖26还包括中心开口28，该中心开口与管24连接并流体连通。以这种方式，通过向滤清器盖26施加抽吸力，可将冷凝器18中的任何流体(即制冷剂流体)从冷凝器18中移除，这将使制冷剂流体被抽吸通过管24并被去除。相反，可经由盖26和管24将替换的制冷剂流体引入压缩机18中。冷凝器18包括多个内部路径30，制冷剂流体流动通过这些内部路径30，并且内部路径30与贮液-干燥器管20流体连通。以这种方式，固体形式吸附剂10可吸附制冷剂流体中的水和其它非合意的流体。
吸附剂也可被放置在汽车空调系统的其它位置，例如朝向膨胀阀的流动路径中或者朝向/离开压缩机的流动路径中。
在用于汽车空调系统的吸附剂系统的许多当前设计中，用约2毫米直径的吸附剂珠填充多孔无纺聚酯毡袋以形成吸附剂包。通常使用专门为此目的而设计的立式、成形、填充、密封(“VFFS”)机器制造该吸附剂包。然而，许多现有的VFFS机器被设计用于具有大致一比一长宽比的吸附剂包。相比之下，许多当前的汽车空调系统需要相对高的长宽(或长径)比。因此，当使用现有的VFFS机器用珠粒填充该窄袋时，该袋的窄小宽度或开口显著增加填充该袋所需的时间。
此外，使用现有的吸附剂包存在固有的缺点。特别地，吸附剂珠典型为形成较大固体珠粒的细小吸附剂颗粒或粉末的聚集体。在现有的吸附剂包中，由于空调系统/交通工具的运动和振动，容纳在袋中的各个松散的吸附剂珠经受袋内的运动。当相对粗糙表面的珠粒相对于彼此移动时，摩擦作用导致从珠粒的小颗粒磨蚀。小的磨蚀颗粒可从多孔袋中逸出，然后在整个空调系统中循环。逸出的吸附剂颗粒会导致空调系统内的运动部件(例如压缩机和热膨胀阀)的过早磨损，并且还可堵塞系统中的小孔。另外，典型由无纺材料制成的袋可吸附液体制冷剂和润滑油。这需要向空调系统添加额外的油和制冷剂流体。最后，利用具有吸附剂珠的袋的现有吸附剂包对吸附剂系统的形状存在某些限制。
相比之下，本文公开的固体形式吸附剂克服了上述现有吸附剂包的许多缺点。特别地，固体形式的单块吸附剂结构是细小吸附剂颗粒或粉末聚集成一个大的构造物。因此，与使用可彼此相对移动的多个珠粒不同，该单块结构保持在适当位置，并且低粉尘或无粉尘。较少的粉尘导致空调系统中移动部件的较少磨损，并且系统堵塞的风险较小。该固体形式吸附剂体系也相对容易形成，并且避免了用吸附剂珠填充相对狭窄的袋的“瓶颈”。
该固体形式吸附剂单块结构还通过消除或减少珠粒之间的大间隙空间而提供更致密的吸附剂结构，并且还消除了吸附剂袋结构的空的顶部空间。以这种方式，固体形式吸附剂单块结构比松散填充吸附剂珠的现有袋提供更大的每单位体积的吸附物吸纳容量。另外，由于使用固体形式吸附剂能够消除袋，因此相应地消除了由液体制冷剂和润滑油的袋引起的吸收。固体形式吸附剂单块可更容易和更快地定位在冷凝器中，并且可用自动化设备进行。
在一些实施方案中，吸附剂单块的直径可为约15毫米(mm)至约35mm或约20mm至约30mm。吸附剂单块的长度可为约100mm至约400mm或约150mm至约300mm。
最后，由于本文公开的吸附剂可被成形为固体形式，因此该吸附剂可作为汽车空调系统或者其中使用该固体形式吸附剂的其它系统中的结构部件。例如，在图1所示的实施方案中，如果需要，可消除管24，而盖26则直接与固体形式吸附剂10连接。在这种情形中，固体形式吸附剂10的中心轴向开口22可通常是不透流体的并且作为用于去除流体的密封管(即使吸附剂10可以是吸附性的，固体形式吸附剂10也可以是足够不透流体的，并且吸附能够以足够低的速率进行，以致于无论如何不能通过抽吸经由开口22除去流体)。此外，固体形式吸附剂单块可具有除本文所示的形状或形式以外的各种形状或形式中的任何，并且可对其进行成形和配置以便例如增强和增加表面积从而允许受控的吸附速率。
此外，固体形式吸附剂可包括过滤性能，从而不需要单独的过滤装置。例如，固体形式吸附剂可以特定的形状形成，以代替现有的注塑或挤出塑料零件和/或用过滤级固定吸附剂代替过滤系统。
已经详细并参考各种实施方案描述了本发明，应该理解，在不脱离本申请权利要求书的范围的情况下，其修改和变化是可能的。

Claims (26)

1.一种固体形式吸附剂系统，该固体形式吸附剂系统包含：
固体形式吸附剂和冷凝器中的空调流体路径，配置制冷剂流体通过所述空调流体路径流动，其中所述固体形式吸附剂位于所述空调流体路径中，
所述固体形式吸附剂包括：
通过粘合剂通过点接合在空间上结合就位的多个离散吸附剂颗粒，其中，大多数吸附剂颗粒的至少25％的外表面积未被粘合剂封闭并且能用于吸附，其中所述吸附剂颗粒具有0.1微米至500微米的平均有效直径，和
所述固体形式吸附剂为单块吸附剂结构，并且所述固体形式吸附剂具有穿过其延伸的中心开口，所述制冷剂流体能够流动通过所述中心开口，其中所述固体形式吸附剂是不透制冷剂流体的，作为用于去除制冷剂流体的密封管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所有吸附剂颗粒的至少25％的外表面积未被粘合剂封闭并且能用于吸附。
3.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述粘合剂是聚合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述粘合剂是热塑性均聚物树脂和/或热塑性共聚物树脂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述粘合剂是聚偏氟乙烯树脂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述粘合剂占所述固体形式吸附剂的5重量％至30重量％。
7.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述固体形式吸附剂的长度与有效直径之比至少为1:1。
8.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述吸附剂颗粒包含吸水材料。
9.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述吸附剂颗粒包含分子筛材料。
10.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述吸附剂颗粒包含沸石粉末。
11.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述吸附剂颗粒包括金属有机骨架材料、多孔玻璃、活性炭、粘土、二氧化硅、氧化钙、硫酸钙、活性氧化铝、或其组合。
12.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述吸附剂颗粒包括沸石咪唑酯骨架材料。
13.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述吸附剂颗粒包括具有氧化硅和氧化铝四面体的三维互连网络的结晶金属铝硅酸盐。
14.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述吸附剂颗粒包括硅胶。
15.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述吸附剂颗粒包括介孔氧化硅。
16.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述吸附剂颗粒被烧结到所述粘合剂。
17.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述固体形式吸附剂具有在其中形成的空隙，该空隙提供所述固体形式吸附剂的至少10％的体积。
18.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述吸附剂颗粒占所述固体形式吸附剂的70重量％至95重量％。
19.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述粘合剂具有低于所述吸附剂颗粒的熔点。
20.根据权利要求1所述的固体形式吸附剂系统，其中所述吸附剂颗粒和所述粘合剂的重量比为95:5至75:25。
21.一种用于减少汽车空调系统中的水量的方法，该方法包括：
在冷凝器中的空调流体路径中，向汽车空调系统中添加固体形式吸附剂，配置制冷剂流体通过所述空调流体路径流动，由此所述固体形式吸附剂能够吸附所述制冷剂流体中的水；所述固体形式吸附剂包含用粘合剂通过点接合在空间上结合就位的多个离散吸附剂颗粒，其中大多数吸附剂颗粒的至少25％的外表面积未被粘合剂封闭并且能用于吸附，其中所述吸附剂颗粒具有0.1微米至500微米的平均有效直径，并且所述固体形式吸附剂为单块吸附剂结构，并且所述固体形式吸附剂具有穿过其延伸的中心开口，所述制冷剂流体能够流动通过所述中心开口，并且所述固体形式吸附剂是不透制冷剂流体的，作为用于去除制冷剂流体的密封管。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其中所述粘合剂是聚合物。
23.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其中所述粘合剂是热塑性均聚物树脂和/或热塑性共聚物树脂。
24.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其中所述粘合剂是聚偏氟乙烯树脂。
25.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其中所述粘合剂占所述固体形式吸附剂的5重量％至30重量％。
26.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其中所述吸附剂颗粒被烧结到所述粘合剂。
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