CN110494143A - 磷脂衍生物和它们作为药物的用途 - Google Patents
磷脂衍生物和它们作为药物的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110494143A CN110494143A CN201880021144.1A CN201880021144A CN110494143A CN 110494143 A CN110494143 A CN 110494143A CN 201880021144 A CN201880021144 A CN 201880021144A CN 110494143 A CN110494143 A CN 110494143A
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- lysophosphatide
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Abstract
本发明提供通式I的1‑酰基‑溶血磷脂酰基衍生物,
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基于溶血磷脂的化合物和它们作为药物的用途。
背景技术
磷脂是所有生物膜的关键组分-它们与蛋白质、糖脂和胆固醇衍生物一起构成膜双层的基础。它们赋予膜特定的半渗透性质。来自鸡蛋黄的脂质含有大量(20%)的磷脂。蛋黄的主要磷脂是磷脂酰胆碱(75%)和磷脂酰乙醇胺(所有蛋黄磷脂的20%)。此外,蛋黄含有少量的磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酸、鞘磷脂和痕量的其他物质。
在食用食物后,脂质在肠内被胆汁盐乳化,被肠内衬细胞、肠细胞吸收和加工。磷脂消化中的第一步骤是它们被小肠肠细胞分泌的磷脂酶A2切割,以形成溶血磷脂和游离脂肪酸。然后这些物质被肠细胞吸收,代谢并掺入到脂蛋白颗粒(例如,乳糜微粒)中,所述脂蛋白颗粒用作将这些物质通过淋巴系统和血流输送到其他组织细胞的媒介物。
基于甘油的溶血磷脂不仅作为各种磷脂合成中的中间体存在于生物体中,而且如最近已证明的,还具有其自身的显著调控功能。几乎没有关于1-酰基溶血磷脂酰胆碱或1-磷酰基溶血磷脂混合物的生物活性以及关于它们可能的治疗用途的任何信息,所述1-酰基溶血磷脂混合物是使用磷脂酶A2由天然的磷脂混合物制得。似乎1-酰基溶血PC间接参与器官再生和伤口愈合(1、2)且可能可用于治疗自身免疫和退行性疾病(3-7),并且可能可用于治疗糖尿病(8、9)。在血清中,溶血磷脂酰胆碱是最丰富的溶血磷脂。它是酶自分泌运动因子(autotaxin)的底物。在体液中,作为磷脂酶D的自分泌运动因子从溶血磷脂酰胆碱切割胆碱基团以形成溶血磷脂酸(LPA)。LPA由于其显著的生物学效应而是研究相对充分的物质。LPA活化细胞增殖和血管发生,并具有促炎和促肿瘤作用。由该酸通过LPA受体控制的信号传导途径在致癌作用、肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移潜力中起主要作用。LPA信号传导似乎与某些类型的癌症对疗法的抵抗有关(10-12)。
虽然可以预期,由于1-酰基溶血磷脂酰胆碱转化为促肿瘤LPA,因此它将在体内展现出促肿瘤效应,但我们已在本发明的框架内发现,它抑制鸡的实验性肝脏肿瘤和小鼠的由同基因肿瘤细胞诱导的皮下和腹膜内肿瘤的发展,以及APC/Min小鼠的自发性胃肠肿瘤的生长。
这一令人惊讶的观察结果是本发明的基础。
文献:
1.Gendaszewska-Darmach E.:Acta Biochim.Pol.55,227(2008).
2.Benesch M.G.,Ko Y.M.,McMullen T.P.,Brindley D.N.:FEBS Lett.(2014)
3.Abramowski P.,Otto B.,Martin R.:PLoS One 9,e91970(2014).
4.Mamatha B.S.,Baskaran.V.:Nutrition 27,960(2011)
5.Riederer M.,Ojala P.J.,Hrzenjak A.,Graier W.F.,Malli R.,TritscherM.,Hermansson M.等:J.Lipid Res.51,2957(2010).
6.Grimm M.O.,Grosgen S.,Reimenschneider M.,Tanila H.,Grimm H.S.,Hartmann T.:J.Chromatogr A 1218,7713(2011).
7.Jin M.C.,Hung N.D.,Yoo J.M.,Kim M.R.,Sok D.:J.Lipid.Sci.Technol.114,114(2012).
8.Yea K.,Kim J.,Yoon J.H.,Kwon T.,Kim J.H.,Lee H.J,Kim J.I.等:J.Biol.Chem.284,33833(2009).
9.Overton H.A.,Fyfe M.C.T.,Reynet C.:Br.J.Pharmacol.153,76(2008).).
10.Mills GB,Moolenaar WH.溶血磷脂酸在癌症中的新作用(The emerging roleof lysophosphatidic acid in cancer).Nat Rev Cancer.2003;3(8):582–91.
11.Mari Gotoh a ost.通过自分泌运动因子-溶血磷脂酸受体轴控制癌症(Controlling cancer through the autotaxin–lysophosphatidic acid receptoraxis).Biochem Soc Trans.2012年2月;40(1):31–36.doi:10.1042/BST20110608.
12.Houben AJ,Moolenaar WH.癌症中的自分泌运动因子和LPA受体信号传导(Autotaxin and LPA receptor signaling in cancer).Cancer Metastasis Rev.2011;30(3–4):557–65.).
发明内容
本发明涉及通式I的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物,
其中
R是C4到C30的脂族烃基链,
R1选自H或C1到C10烷基,优选C1到C6烷基,
R2选自H、C10到C30酰基或C1到C10烷基(优选C1到C6烷基),
R3选自H或C1到C10烷基,优选C1到C6烷基,或R3不存在。
优选地,R选自由以下组成的组:C5到C10直链、支链或环状或含环的烷基或烯基,例如戊基或3,5,5-三甲基戊基、环戊基乙基;或C13到C30、优选C13到C20直链或支链烷基或烯基,特别是C15、C16、C17、C18或C19直链烷基或烯基。烯基含有一个或多个双键。
优选地,R2选自由以下组成的组:含饱和或不饱和直链的C10-C30酰基、优选C10-C20酰基,例如癸酰基、棕榈酰基、硬脂酰基、油酰基、亚油酰基、反油酰基。
当分子或其一部分带有电荷时,该电荷由抗衡离子补偿。适合的抗衡离子包括碱金属阳离子、卤素阴离子或衍生自无机酸或有机酸的阴离子。或者,可通过形成内盐-甜菜碱来补偿电荷。
当R3存在时,氮原子带正电荷。
在一个优选的实施方案中,R1、R2、R3中的至少一个是甲基。在一个特定实施方案中,R1、R2和R3是甲基。
在一个特定实施方案中,R1和R2是H,且R3不存在。
在一个特定实施方案中,R1是氢,且R2是含饱和或不饱和直链的C10-C20酰基,并且R3不存在。
本发明化合物显示出对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性作用,从而抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。因此,本发明的目的是通式(I)的化合物,其用作尤其用于治疗癌症、更特别用于治疗实体瘤的药物。实体瘤特别选自胃肠道(GIT)癌、黑色素瘤和肝癌。在本发明的框架内已表明,通式(I)的化合物是组织培养物中各种肿瘤细胞生长的有效抑制剂,以及动物模型中实验性肿瘤生长的抑制剂。
式(I)的化合物可通过各自的磷脂、任选改性磷脂的选择性脱酰来制备。起始磷脂可包括磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、它们通过氮原子上的取代而产生的衍生物、或天然的磷脂混合物(任选通过氮原子上的取代改性)。天然的磷脂混合物可包含例如蛋黄磷脂。选择性脱酰可通过本领域技术人员已知的合成程序或以酶促方式来完成。
在选择性脱酰后,还可进行随后的酰化以提供带有期望的酰基R的化合物。脱酰后进行的酰化必须是选择性的-这可例如通过用本领域技术人员熟知的保护基团保护-OH基团来实现。
可在脱酰后,从反应混合物中分离出单独或与游离脂肪酸混合的式I化合物。脂肪酸的存在不影响式I化合物的细胞毒性作用。
本发明的目的还是是一种药物组合物,其包含至少一种通式(I)的化合物和至少一种载体、稀释剂或填充剂。药物组合物可进一步含有其他适合的助剂,例如润滑剂、压片促进剂、乳化剂、包衣等。药物组合物可以呈例如胶囊、片剂、软膏、乳膏、悬浮液、乳液、溶液的形式。其可优选呈期望用于口服或静脉内施用的形式。
本发明的又一目的是至少一种通式(I)的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物,其用于治疗癌症的方法中,其中进一步施用抗癌药物。优选地,癌症是实体瘤,优选肝癌、胃肠道癌或黑色素瘤。优选地,抗癌药物是多柔比星(doxorubicin)。在本发明的框架内,发现1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物显示出协同增强已确认的抗癌药物的作用的效果。式(I)的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物与抗癌药物的共施用使抗癌药物的剂量降低,从而增加功效,同时降低药物的毒性和抗癌药物的不良副作用。式(I)的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物与抗癌药物的共施用优选以至少20:1、优选至少50:1、更优选至少100:1、甚至更优选至少180:1或至少200:1的比率进行。所述物质可一起施用,或在彼此的12小时内,优选在彼此的6小时内,更优选在彼此的2小时内施用。
具体实施方式
实施本发明的实施例
缩写:
PC-磷脂酰胆碱
PE-磷脂酰乙醇胺
E-DAPL-使用磷脂酶A2获得的来自蛋黄的1-酰基-溶血磷脂混合物
TLC–薄层色谱
FA–脂肪酸
DMAP-二甲基氨基吡啶
DCC–N,N′-二环己基碳化二亚胺
实施例1:从蛋黄中分离天然存在的磷脂混合物
将20个蛋黄在30℃下与1200ml含有0.01mM 2,6-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-甲基苯酚的96%乙醇混合10分钟。将混合物通过Whatman 1滤纸过滤,并将滤液在旋转真空蒸发器上蒸发。将残余物溶解于200ml正己烷(25℃)中,并通过在3000×g、25℃下离心10分钟去除不溶性级分。将澄清的上清液冷却到4℃,与2体积的丙酮混合(4℃)并在4℃下放置过夜。用正己烷:丙酮(1:2)将沉淀洗涤三次,并在减压下在干燥器中干燥。将如此纯化的磷脂用于分离磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺,或用于制备溶血磷脂混合物。通过测量磷的量来确定磷脂含量。
实施例2:磷脂酰胆碱(PC)和磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)的分离
将纯化的总磷脂(1.2g)溶解于少量的氯仿:甲醇:水(66:33:2)混合物中,并加载到在相同溶剂混合物中平衡的100ml硅胶柱上。用相同的溶剂混合物洗脱柱。通过TLC分析来自每个级分的样品。
将含有PE或PC的合并级分蒸发并用于制备1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺(1-酰基-溶血PE)、1-酰基溶血磷脂酰胆碱(1-酰基-溶血PC)和N-酰基-溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺。使用MALDI-TOF、NMR和TLC以及标准品分析合并的PE和PC级分的小等分试样。这些方法验证级分实际上仅含有PE或PC。
磷脂酰胆碱(PC)的结构分析表明作为棕榈酸和油酸的二酯主要组分以及一组天然存在的脂肪酸的次要酯。
MS计算值:760.5851;实验值:760.5853(M+)
IR:3384(m),3007(m),2853(m),1738(s),1602(s),1467(m),1419(m),1378(m),1346(m),1249(s),1174(m),1092(s),1064(s),969(s),925(s),874(s),821(m),761(m),721(s),579(m),506(m),461(m)cm-1
1H NMR(500MHz,甲醇-d4)δ5.35(t,J=5.2Hz,4H),5.25(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),4.44(dd,J=12.0,3.1Hz,1H),4.32–4.23(m,2H),4.17(dd,J=12.0,6.9Hz,1H),4.00(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),3.68–3.60(m,2H),3.23(s,9H),2.33(dt,J=14.3,7.4Hz,4H),2.11–1.94(m,4H),1.67–1.50(m,4H),1.46–1.23(m,44H),0.99–0.82(m,6H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,甲醇-d4)δ173.49,173.15,129.44(d,J=20.1Hz),127.69(d,J=14.5Hz),70.40(d,J=7.9Hz),66.08(dd,J=7.2,3.4Hz),63.47(d,J=5.1Hz),62.30,59.07(d,J=4.9Hz),53.33,53.30,53.27,33.70,33.55,31.69,29.47,29.42,29.28,29.24,29.08,28.99,28.88,28.85,28.80,26.79,24.63,22.36,13.09。
次要信号:
1H NMR(500MHz,甲醇-d4)δ3.61(d,J=6.9Hz),3.35(s),2.89–2.72(m),2.40(d,J=3.2Hz),2.14(d,J=6.7Hz),1.74–1.65(m),1.18(t,J=7.0Hz),0.98(t,J=7.5Hz)。
13C NMR(126MHz,甲醇-d4)δ172.97,172.49,129.82,129.56,129.43,128.93,128.58,128.09,127.82,127.43(d,J=16.2Hz),70.51,48.45,33.09,31.29,26.15,25.20(d,J=3.0Hz),24.54,22.26。
磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)的结构分析表明作为主要组分的棕榈酸和油酸的二酯以及一组天然存在的脂肪酸的次要酯。
IR:3374(m),2956(m),2925(s),2854(m),1741(s),1653(m),1490(m),1467(m),1457(m),1378(m),1227(s),1051(m),722(m)cm-1
1H NMR(500MHz,甲醇-d4)δ5.43–5.31(m,5H),5.23(d,J=3.4Hz,1H),4.58(s,1H,NH2),4.44(dd,J=12.0,3.2Hz,1H),4.24–4.14(m,1H),4.04(dd,J=5.2,2.7Hz,2H),4.02–3.97(m,2H),3.16(t,J=4.9Hz,2H),2.92–2.78(m,4H),2.33(dt,J=12.9,8.5Hz,4H),2.11–2.00(m,4H),1.65–1.57(m,4H),1.38–1.24(m,38H),0.95–0.86(m,6H)。
次要信号:
1H NMR(500MHz,甲醇-d4)δ5.18–5.14(m),3.67–3.58(m),3.50–3.43(m),3.35(s),3.23(s),2.78(t,J=6.7Hz),2.40(d,J=3.9Hz),2.17–2.11(m),1.69(td,J=7.3,4.4Hz),0.98(t,J=7.6Hz)。
不可能区分主要组分(PE)的信号和混合物的其他组分的信号。列出所有信号。
13C NMR(126MHz,甲醇-d4)δ174.94,174.59,174.39,131.22,130.96,130.84(d,J=19.8Hz),130.84,130.34,130.03–129.94(m),129.48,129.27,129.22,129.17,129.15,129.10,129.06–129.03(m),128.93,128.84(d,J=16.2Hz),72.03–72.00(m),71.95–71.91(m),71.89–71.84(m),71.79,65.03–64.76(m),63.82–63.52(m),63.21–62.76(m),41.69(d,J=6.3Hz),35.10,34.93,34.49,33.09,32.69,30.86,30.80,30.64,30.49,30.47,30.38,30.26,30.23,30.20,28.23,28.17,27.55,26.61,26.03,25.93,23.75,14.46。
实施例3:1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺(1-酰基-溶血PE)的制备
R′=酰基混合物,主要组分是棕榈酰基
将10%(w/v)浓度的通过快速色谱纯化的PE或购自Sigma Aldrich的PE在43℃下在50mM Tris-HCl(pH 8.0,50mM KCl,8mM CaCl2)中反复涡旋并超声处理直到磷脂完全分散。然后在43℃下用磷脂酶A2(EC 3.1.1.4)以2单位酶/mg磷脂的比率消化磷脂,并通过用氯仿:甲醇:水20:10:1洗脱的硅胶薄层色谱(TLC)监测反应。在完全切割后,通过将EDTA添加到10mM浓度来终止反应并在0-4℃下储存。将所得产物标记为PE/E-DAPL+FA(与脂肪酸混合的酶消化的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺)。天然磷脂酰乙醇胺通常带有棕榈酸、油酸或硬脂酸的残基作为酰基。
实施例4:1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰胆碱(1-酰基-溶血PC)的制备
R′=酰基混合物,主要组分是棕榈酰基
将10%(w/v)浓度的通过快速色谱纯化的PC在43℃下在50mM Tris-HCl(pH 8.0,50mM KCl,8mM CaCl2)中反复涡旋并超声处理直到磷脂完全分散。然后在43℃下用磷脂酶A2以2单位酶/mg磷脂的比率消化PC,并通过用氯仿:甲醇:水20:10:1洗脱的硅胶薄层色谱(TLC)监测反应。在完全切割后,通过将EDTA添加到10mM浓度来终止反应并在0-4℃下储存。将所得产物标记为PC/E-DAPL+FA(与脂肪酸混合的酶消化的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰胆碱)。天然磷脂酰胆碱通常带有棕榈酸、油酸或硬脂酸的残基作为酰基。
实施例5:1-酰基-溶血磷脂混合物的制备
方法A:将10%(w/v)浓度的实施例1的经纯化总磷脂在43℃下在50mM Tris.HCl(pH 8.0,50mM KCl,8mM CaCl2)中反复涡旋并超声处理直到磷脂完全分散。然后在43℃下用磷脂酶A2以2单位酶/mg磷脂的比率消化磷脂,并通过用20:10:1氯仿:甲醇:水混合物洗脱的TLC监测反应。在完全切割后,通过将EDTA添加到10mM浓度来终止反应并在0-4℃下短时间储存。
方法B:将实施例1的经干燥纯化总磷脂在43℃下在50mM Tris.Cl(pH 8.0,50mMKCl,8mM CaCl2)中的83mM脱氧胆酸钠中反复涡旋并超声处理。磷脂的最终浓度也是83mM(相对于PC)。然后在43℃下用磷脂酶A2以0.2单位酶/mg磷脂的比率消化磷脂,并通过用20:10:1氯仿:甲醇:水混合物洗脱的TLC监测反应。在120分钟后,通过将EDTA添加到10mM的浓度来终止反应,用1M HCl将混合物的pH调到pH=3,通过离心去除沉淀的脱氧胆酸,并用5MNaOH将上清液中和到pH=7。将反应混合物在0-4℃下短时间储存。将通过方法A和B获得的产物命名为E-DAPL+FA。
混合物E-DAPL+FA特别含有可通过下面所示的式表征的1-酰基-溶血PC和1-酰基-溶血PE,其中R主要是棕榈酸。该混合物还含有从酶切割释放的脂肪酸,主要是油酸。
纯化的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰胆碱的波谱:
1H NMR(600MHz,甲醇-d4)δ5.44–5.32(m,2H),4.40–4.26(m,2H),4.23–4.11(m,2H),4.03–3.96(m,1H),3.98–3.87(m,2H),3.69–3.65(m,2H),3.25(s,9H),2.44–2.33(m,2H),2.15–2.00(m,2H),1.70–1.59(m,2H),1.45–1.27(m,20H),0.98–0.89(m,3H)。
13C NMR(151MHz,甲醇-d4)δ175.71–175.03(m),130.83(d,J=15.5Hz),129.07(d,J=9.9Hz),69.84(d,J=7.6Hz),67.85,67.81,67.49(dd,J=6.9,3.4Hz),66.24,60.43(d,J=5.1Hz),54.69(d,J=7.6Hz),34.90,33.05,30.83,30.81,30.60,30.43,30.33,30.31,30.21,30.20,28.14(d,J=5.2Hz),26.00(d,J=5.3Hz),23.73,14.45。
次要信号:
1H NMR(600MHz,甲醇-d4)δ5.05–4.98(m),4.07–4.02(m),3.80(dd,J=5.7,4.5Hz),3.75–3.70(m),3.65–3.56(m),3.37(d,J=1.5Hz),3.13(s),2.91–2.83(m),2.82–2.78(m),2.44(dd,J=5.6,3.9Hz),2.34(t,J=7.4Hz),2.20–2.14(m),2.13–2.08(m),1.75–1.68(m),1.00(t,J=7.6Hz)。
13C NMR(151MHz,甲醇-d4)δ175.14,175.09,174.94,131.19,130.93,130.85,130.27,130.01,129.90,129.45,129.16(d,J=1.5Hz),128.89,128.76,79.20(d,J=6.1Hz),75.77(d,J=5.8Hz),74.69(d,J=8.1Hz),72.48(d,J=7.5Hz),66.34,64.73(d,J=5.4Hz),64.55(d,J=5.0Hz),63.78,63.46(d,J=4.5Hz),63.02(d,J=4.2Hz),35.10,34.81,34.31,32.66,30.75,30.71,30.47,30.17,30.13,27.55,26.59–26.50(m),26.02,25.89,23.62
实施例6:2-酰基-溶血磷脂酰胆碱的制备
R″=酰基混合物,主要组分是油酰基
从通过实施例2的方法分离的磷脂酰胆碱,酶促去除sn-1位的脂肪酸残基。将10%(w/v)浓度的PC在43℃下在50mM Tris.HCl(pH 8.0,50mM KCl,8mM CaCl2)中反复涡旋并超声处理直到其完全分散。然后在37℃下用磷脂酶A1以2个酶单位/mg磷脂的比率消化PC,并通过用20:10:1氯仿:甲醇:水混合物洗脱的TLC监测反应。在完全切割后,将EDTA添加到10mM的浓度,并将混合物在0-4℃下短时间储存。产物的1H NMR分析表明从sn-1的15-20%酰基迁移,得到作为次要副产物的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰胆碱(参见实施例5)。
2-酰基-溶血磷脂酰胆碱的波谱:
1H NMR(500MHz,甲醇-d4)δ5.42–5.27(m,2H),5.05–4.97(m,1H),4.35–4.22(m,2H),4.01(p,2H),3.75–3.68(m,2H),3.66(dd,J=5.5,3.4Hz,2H),3.24(s,9H),2.83(m,1H),2.37(t,J=8.6,6.5Hz,2H),2.10–1.99(m,2H),1.63(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.41–1.24(m,18H),0.92(t,J=6.9,3.5Hz,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,甲醇-d4)δ174.95,130.83(d,J=12.1Hz),74.68(d,J=8.5Hz),64.73(d,J=5.5Hz),61.24,60.42(d,J=5.3Hz),54.72,54.69,54.66,35.09,30.83,30.60,30.44,30.33,30.21,28.13,25.97,23.73,14.46。
次要信号:
1H NMR(500MHz,甲醇-d4)δ7.91(s),4.58(s),4.22–4.08(m),3.91(q,J=6.3,5.6Hz),3.77(d,J=14.4Hz),3.36(s),3.09(s),2.94–2.73(m),2.24–2.09(m),1.71(s),1.19(t,J=7.0Hz),0.99(t,J=7.6Hz).13C NMR(126MHz,甲醇-d4)δ175.33,131.20,130.93,130.25(d,J=4.6Hz),129.96(d,J=18.2Hz),129.46,129.17,128.83(d,J=16.1Hz),73.34(d,J=84.0Hz),70.87,69.82(d,J=7.7Hz),67.82(d,J=5.7Hz),67.48(dt,J=6.8,3.2Hz),66.23,64.73(d,J=5.5Hz),64.14,61.53,34.90,33.06,30.83,30.78,30.47,30.44,26.55。
实施例7:1-酰基特异性1,2-二酰基磷脂的制备
从根据实施例2分离的磷脂酰胆碱,酶促去除实施例6的sn-1脂肪酸残基,利用有机酯化反应将其替代为酰基R′(参见下表)。
将来自实施例6的起始2-酰基-溶血磷脂酰胆碱(1当量)溶解于无水二氯甲烷(0.06M)中,将溶液冷却到4℃,并添加适当的脂肪酸(己酸、硬脂酸、三甲基己酸、环戊烷丙酸)氯化物(3当量)。将反应混合物进一步加热到10℃,然后缓慢逐滴添加吡啶(5当量)和催化量的DMAP(0.05当量)。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。通过TLC(CHCl3/MeOH/H2O,比率为75/22.5/2.5)监测反应过程。通过在50%NaCl水溶液和二氯甲烷中萃取反应混合物来终止反应。通过硅胶柱色谱(氯仿中的20%(MeOH+10%H2O),每分钟+1%)获得最终产物。所得产物被作为实施例6的副产物的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰胆碱酰化产物(15-20%)污染,所述酰化产物由转酰基机制产生。
实施例8:1-己酰基-磷脂酰胆碱的制备
R″=酰基混合物,主要组分是油酰基
通过实施例7中所述的程序制备1-己酰基-磷脂酰胆碱,产率为43%。
MS:计算值:619.4213:实验值:619.4215
IR:3373(m),3004(w),2925(s),2855(m),1737(s),1490(sh),1467(m),1380(m),1246(s),1051(m),928(m),726(w)cm-1
1H NMR(600MHz,甲醇-d4)δ5.44–5.32(m,2H),5.32–5.24(m,1H),4.46(dd,J=12.1,3.1Hz,1H),4.36(dd,J=6.5,3.4Hz,2H),4.21(dd,J=12.1,7.0Hz,1H),4.06(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),3.82–3.68(m,2H),3.30(s,9H),2.36(dt,J=15.1,7.4Hz,4H),2.16–1.97(m,4H),1.64(t,J=7.4Hz,4H),1.42–1.26(m,22H),0.98–0.88(m,6H)。
13C NMR(151MHz,甲醇-d4)δ174.93,174.62,130.81(d,J=27.4Hz),129.07(d,J=18.3Hz),71.81(d),67.55–67.22(m),65.03(d,J=4.5Hz),63.70,60.70(d,J=4.9Hz),54.79,54.76,54.74,34.96(d,J=33.0Hz),33.03,32.39,30.81,30.72,30.57,30.45,30.42,30.33,30.31,30.29,30.22,30.21,30.18,30.16,30.14,28.12,26.57,26.54,25.83(d,J=52.5Hz),23.55(d,J=47.9Hz),14.37(d,J=23.1Hz)。
次要信号:
1H NMR(600MHz,甲醇-d4)δ5.16(d,J=3.7Hz),4.63–4.57(m),4.52(d,J=7.8Hz),4.32–4.28(m),3.88(dd,J=11.9,1.6Hz),3.83–3.79(m),3.71(s),2.92–2.83(m),2.80(t,J=6.7Hz),2.16(t,J=6.4Hz),1.76–1.70(m),1.48–1.44(m),1.11–0.98(m)。
13C NMR(151MHz,甲醇-d4)δ131.20,130.93,130.80,130.37,129.95(d,J=14.7Hz),129.47,129.21,128.80(d,J=18.3Hz),98.15,93.89,77.99,76.25,74.83,73.75,72.97,64.07,62.73(d,J=17.4Hz),60.99,35.04,34.88,34.48,32.65,32.36,30.81,30.72,30.57,30.45,30.42,30.33,30.31,30.29,30.22,30.21,30.18,30.16,30.14,28.15,27.50,25.96,25.69,23.61,14.37(d,J=23.1Hz)。
实施例9:1-硬脂酰基-磷脂酰胆碱的制备
R″=酰基混合物,主要组分是油酰基
通过实施例7中所述的程序制备1-硬脂酰基-磷脂酰胆碱,产率为54%。
MS:计算值:810.5983:实验值:810,5989(M+Na+)
IR:3408(m),30012(w),2957(m),2925(s),2852(m),1737(s),1490(m),1488(sh),1467(m),1378(m),1251(s),1063(m),926(m),721(m)cm-1
1H NMR(600MHz,甲醇-d4)δ5.43–5.31(m,2H),5.27–5.23(m,1H),4.44(dd,J=12.1,3.0Hz,1H),4.29(t,J=4.6Hz,2H),4.18(dd,J=12.0,7.0Hz,1H),4.01(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),3.72–3.63(m,2H),3.24(s,9H),2.33(dt,J=16.4,7.4Hz,4H),2.11–1.96(m,4H),1.65–1.55(m,4H),1.42–1.17(m,24H),0.97–0.81(m,6H)。
13C NMR(151MHz,甲醇-d4)δ175.01,174.66,130.84(d,J=25.4Hz),129.08(d,J=18.5Hz),71.83(d,J=8.1Hz),67.46(dt,J=7.1,3.1Hz),64.90(d,J=5.2Hz),63.73,60.53(d,J=5.0Hz),54.79,54.76,54.74,35.04(d,J=23.6Hz),33.06,30.85,30.83,30.74,30.64,30.61,30.46,30.37,30.35,30.25,30.21,30.18,28.50–27.96(m),26.03(d,J=3.3Hz),23.73,14.46。
次要信号:
1H NMR(600MHz,甲醇-d4)δ4.56(s),3.79(s),3.35(s),2.95–2.72(m),2.45–2.39(m),2.16(s),2.13(t,J=6.9Hz),1.76–1.67(m),1.06–0.95(m)。
13C NMR(151MHz,甲醇-d4)δ174.97,174.70,136.28(d,J=3.0Hz),134.77(d,J=10.0Hz),131.53(d,J=12.6Hz),131.22,129.97(d,J=5.1Hz),129.48,129.31,129.22,128.88,128.75,108.23,72.47,64.12(d,J=5.0Hz),34.51,32.67,30.45,27.53,26.59(d,J=4.4Hz),25.93,23.63,14.48。
实施例10:1-三甲基己酰基-磷脂酰胆碱的制备
R″=酰基混合物,主要组分是油酰基
通过实施例7中所述的程序制备1-三甲基己酰基-磷脂酰胆碱,产率为82%。
MS:计算值:662.4755;实验值:662.4758(M+)
IR:3404(m),3009(w),2957(m),2927(s),2855(m),1739(s),1478(s),1467(m),1394(m),1365(m),1247(s),1054(m),925(m),723(m)cm-1
1H NMR(600MHz,甲醇-d4)δ5.46–5.32(m,2H),5.31–5.20(m,2H),4.58(s,1H),4.46(ddd,J=22.6,12.1,3.2Hz,1H),4.29(tp,J=5.5,2.7Hz,2H),4.19(ddd,J=21.8,12.1,6.9Hz,1H),4.08–3.95(m,2H),3.73–3.61(m,2H),3.25(s,9H),2.41–2.31(m,4H),2.13–1.98(m,4H),1.64(dq,J=12.3,7.4Hz,2H),1.49–1.29(m,20H),1.27(d,J=4.2Hz,2H),1.15(ddd,J=14.0,6.2,1.9Hz,1H),1.00(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.97–0.85(m,12H)。
13C NMR(151MHz,甲醇-d4)δ174.58,174.21,130.84(d,J=23.7Hz),129.18(d,J=11.0Hz),71.84(d,J=8.0Hz),67.48(dt,J=6.8,3.1Hz),65.14–64.30(m),63.70(d,J=2.3Hz),60.47(d,J=5.0Hz),55.06–54.34(m),51.64(d,J=3.0Hz),49.85,44.63(d,J=1.5Hz),35.10,33.06,31.88,30.83,30.60,30.45,30.43,30.34,30.33,30.22,30.17,28.16,28.15,26.56,26.00(d,J=1.3Hz),23.74,23.15,23.12,14.47。
次要信号:
1H NMR(600MHz,甲醇-d4)δ5.47–5.36(m),2.93–2.82(m),2.80(t,J=6.7Hz),2.22–2.11(m),1.72(td,J=7.3,3.8Hz),1.16(dd,J=6.2,1.9Hz)。
13C NMR(151MHz,甲醇-d4)δ131.22,130.96,130.84,130.36,129.99,129.95,129.93,129.48,129.14,128.89,128.77,126.31,34.51,32.67,30.73,30.47,30.24,28.14,26.60(t,J=0.9Hz),25.92,23.72,23.63,21.49。
实施例11:1-环戊烷丙酰基-磷脂酰胆碱的制备
R″=酰基混合物,主要组分是油酰基
通过实施例7中所述的程序制备1-环戊烷丙酰基-磷脂酰胆碱,产率为71%。
MS:计算值:668.4262;实验值:668.4267(M+Na+)
IR:3363(m),3008(w),2950(sh),2927(s),2856(m),1734(s),1487(m),1465(m),1553(m),1377(m),1245(s),1068(m),926(m)cm-1
1H NMR(500MHz,甲醇-d4)δ5.47–5.32(m,2H),5.32–5.23(m,1H),4.70–4.62(m,1H),4.46(dd,J=12.0,3.2Hz,1H),4.31(tq,J=7.3,2.6Hz,2H),4.03(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),3.72–3.64(m,2H),3.26(s,9H),2.36(td,J=7.6,4.4Hz,4H),2.18–2.04(m,4H),1.81(pd,J=6.7,4.5,3.8Hz,1H),1.64(q,J=5.8,4.1Hz,4H),1.56(dp,J=7.1,3.2Hz,4H),1.45–1.28(m,20H),1.22–1.07(m,4H),0.93(td,J=6.9,3.4Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,甲醇-d4)δ130.82(d,J=20.1Hz),129.35(d,J=7.6Hz),77.92,76.62,75.61,74.56,74.38,71.76,69.56,64.89(d,J=5.2Hz),63.71,61.86–60.10(m),57.72–53.49(m),35.08,34.26,33.43,33.05,32.24,30.83,30.59,30.44,30.34,30.22,30.16,28.17,26.10,26.02,23.73,14.48。
次要信号:
1H NMR(500MHz,甲醇-d4)δ4.94(dd,J=6.2,2.8Hz,1H),4.79(d,J=11.4Hz,1H),4.60–4.52(m,4H),4.26–4.15(m,3H),3.87–3.80(m,2H),3.75(dd,J=10.8,2.9Hz,1H),2.93–2.74(m,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,甲醇-d4)δ139.75,139.66,139.39,128.97(d,J=3.6Hz),128.86–128.58(m),101.07,40.87,34.48,32.66,30.73,30.46,26.58,23.62。
实施例12:1-棕榈酰基-磷脂酰胆碱的制备
R″=酰基混合物,主要组分是油酰基
通过实施例7中所述的程序制备1-棕榈酰基-磷脂酰胆碱,产率为15%。
MS:计算值:760.5851;实验值:760.5855(M+)
IR:3403(m),3007(w),2956(m),2923(s),2853(m),1738(s),1478(sh),1467(m),1379(m),1251(s),1068(m),926(m),721(m)cm-1
1H NMR(600MHz,甲醇-d4)δ5.38(td,J=4.9,4.1,1.2Hz,2H),5.28(dtd,J=6.9,5.4,3.1Hz,1H),4.47(dd,J=12.0,3.2Hz,1H),4.35–4.27(m,2H),4.21(dd,J=12.0,6.9Hz,1H),4.03(ddd,J=6.7,5.3,1.3Hz,2H),3.75–3.58(m,2H),3.26(s,9H),2.36(dt,J=16.0,7.4Hz,4H),2.15–2.00(m,4H),1.64(pd,J=9.1,8.0,4.1Hz,4H),1.46–1.24(m,44H),0.93(td,J=7.1,1.4Hz,6H)。
13C NMR(151MHz,甲醇-d4)δ174.90,174.56,130.84(d,J=24.7Hz),71.81(d,J=8.1Hz),67.49(t,J=6.7Hz),64.90,64.87,63.69,60.47(d,J=5.0Hz),55.70–53.83(m),30.87,30.82,30.79,30.67,30.47,30.38(d,J=1.4Hz),30.27,30.24,30.20,28.18,26.05,26.03,23.75,14.46。
实施例8-12中所示的1-酰基特异性1,2-二酰基磷脂如实施例4所述经磷脂酶A2消化并纯化。该过程产生以下如下表中所示命名的产物:
R′ | 命名 |
己酰基 | sn-1己酰基PC/E-DAPL+FA |
硬脂酰基 | sn-1硬脂酰基PC/E-DAPL+FA |
三甲基己酰基 | sn-1三甲基己酰基PC/E-DAPL+FA |
环戊烷丙酰基 | sn-1环戊烷丙酰基PC/E-DAPL+FA |
棕榈酰基 | sn-1棕榈酰基PC/E-DAPL+FA |
产物含有游离(释放的)脂肪酸(+FA)且主要组分是具有以下结构的溶血磷脂:
实施例13:1,2-二酰基-磷脂酰乙醇胺的N-酰基衍生物的制备
在根据实施例2分离的磷脂酰乙醇胺中,使用酯化反应用酰基R2(参见下表)替代氨基氢。
根据实施例2从天然来源分离的磷脂酰乙醇胺在sn-1位带有脂肪酸残基的混合物,约80%为棕榈酸残基,其余为硬脂酸、油酸的残基和少量其他脂肪酸残基。
将纯化的磷脂酰乙醇胺溶解于无水苯中,并在DMAP存在下与两当量的酸酐(分别为棕榈酸酐、癸酸酐、油酸酐、亚油酸酐或反油酸酐)混合。通过在DCC存在下使相关的酸缩合来制备酸酐。在室温下进行30分钟N-酰化。将反应混合物干燥,溶解于己烷中,通过离心去除不溶性级分,并通过在4℃下用2体积当量的丙酮沉淀过夜来分离N-酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺。在0℃下用冰冷的己烷:丙酮1:2将沉淀洗涤3次。
R2 | 产物命名 |
棕榈酰基 | N-棕榈酰基PE |
癸酰基 | N-癸酰基PE |
油酰基 | N-油酰基PE |
亚油酰基 | N-亚油酰基PE |
反油酰基 | N-反油酰基PE |
实施例14:N-棕榈酰基-磷脂酰乙醇胺的制备
R′=酰基混合物,主要组分是棕榈酰基
R″=酰基混合物,主要组分是油酰基
通过实施例13中所述的程序制备N-棕榈酰基-磷脂酰乙醇胺。
1H NMR(600MHz,甲醇-d4)δ5.50–5.32(m,2H),5.27(五重峰,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.46(dd,J=12.0,3.1Hz,1H),4.20(dd,J=12.1,6.9Hz,1H),4.12(ddd,J=9.5,6.2,3.5Hz,2H),4.08–4.01(m,2H),3.26–3.21(m,2H),2.40–2.37(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),2.34(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),2.28(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.13–2.00(m,4H),1.62(m,6H),1.31(m,82H),0.92(t,J=6.9Hz,9H)。
次要脂肪酸衍生物的信号:5.50–5.32(m,2H),2.90–2.77(m,3H)
13C NMR(151MHz,甲醇-d4)δ173.48,173.14,172.95,129.51,129,31,70.36,63.51,61,51,60.86,40.24,33.53,31.67,29.5-28.8(多个信号),24.85,24.63,22.33,13.03。
实施例15:N-癸酰基-磷脂酰乙醇胺的制备
R′=酰基混合物,主要组分是棕榈酰基
R″=酰基混合物,主要组分是油酰基
通过实施例13中所述的程序制备N-癸酰基-磷脂酰乙醇胺。
实施例16:N-油酰基-磷脂酰乙醇胺的制备
R′=酰基混合物,主要组分是棕榈酰基
R″=酰基混合物,主要组分是油酰基
通过实施例13中所述的程序制备N-油酰基-磷脂酰乙醇胺。
实施例17:N-亚油酰基-磷脂酰乙醇胺的制备
R′=酰基混合物,主要组分是棕榈酰基
R″=酰基混合物,主要组分是油酰基
通过实施例13中所述的程序制备N-亚油酰基-磷脂酰乙醇胺。
实施例18:N-反油酰基-磷脂酰乙醇胺的制备
R′=酰基混合物,主要组分是棕榈酰基
R″=酰基混合物,主要组分是油酰基
通过实施例13中所述的程序制备N-反油酰基-磷脂酰乙醇胺。
实施例19:与游离(切割的)脂肪酸混合的衍生自N-棕榈酰基PE、N-癸酰基PE、N-油酰基PE、N-亚油酰基PE和N-反油酰基PE的1-酰基-溶血磷脂的制备将10%(w/v)浓度的N-酰基磷脂在43℃下在50mM Tris-HCl(pH 8.0,50mM KCl,8mM CaCl2)中反复涡旋并超声处理直到磷脂完全分散,然后如实施例4中所述方法处理-在43℃下用磷脂酶A2以2单位酶/mg磷脂的比率消化,并通过用氯仿:甲醇:水20:10:1洗脱的硅胶薄层色谱(TLC)监测反应。在完全切割后,通过将EDTA添加到10mM浓度来终止反应并在0-4℃下储存。
如下表中所示标记所得产物:
R2 | 产物命名 |
棕榈酰基 | N-棕榈酰基PE/E-DAPL+FA |
癸酰基 | N-癸酰基PE/E-DAPL+FA |
油酰基 | N-油酰基PE/E-DAPL+FA |
亚油酰基 | N-亚油酰基PE/E-DAPL+FA |
反油酰基 | N-反油酰基PE/E-DAPL+FA |
实施例20:从产物中去除游离脂肪酸(FA)
将根据本实施例制备的1-酰基-溶血磷脂产物通过在sn-2位酶促脱酰以形成与脂肪酸的混合物(即PE/E-DAPL+FA、PC/E-DAPL+FA和E-DAPL+FA、sn-1己酰基PC/E-DAPL+FA、sn-1硬脂酰基PC/E-DAPL+FA、sn-1三甲基己酰基PC/E-DAPL+FA、sn-1环戊烷丙酰基PC/E-DAPL+FA、N-棕榈酰基PE/E-DAPL+FA、N-癸酰基PE/E-DAPL+FA、N-油酰基PE/E-DAPL+FA、N-亚油酰基PE/E-DAPL+FA、N-反油酰基PE/E-DAPL+FA))溶解于乙醇中,然后逐渐添加水和氯仿以得到3:2:4的乙醇:水:氯仿比。将混合物剧烈振荡10分钟,在室温下以3000×g离心5分钟,并且将氯仿相分离并蒸发。在0-4℃下用正己烷洗涤残余物。通过离心获得不溶性溶血磷脂,并且用正己烷:丙酮1:2(4℃)将沉积物洗涤3次并干燥。干燥的制剂实际上不含脂肪酸,并将其命名为PE/E-DAPL、PC/E-DAPL、E-DAPL、sn-1己酰基PC/E-DAPL、sn-1硬脂酰基PC/E-DAPL、sn-1三甲基己酰基PC/E-DAPL、sn-1环戊烷丙酰基PC/E-DAPL、N-棕榈酰基PE/E-DAPL、N-癸酰基PE/E-DAPL、N-油酰基PE/E-DAPL、N-亚油酰基PE/E-DAPL和N-反油酰基PE/E-DAPL。
N-棕榈酰基PE/E-DAPL
R′=酰基混合物,主要组分是棕榈酰基
1H NMR(600MHz,甲醇-d4)δ4.19(dd,J=11.4,4.3Hz,1H),4.13(dd,J=11.3,6.2Hz,1H),4.08(ddd,J=9.5,6.2,3.5Hz,2H),4.02–3.97(m,1H),3.95–3.88(m,2H),3.19–3.15(m,2H),2.37(t,J=7.5Hz,4H),2.37-2.15(m,2H),1.63(q,J=7.3Hz,4H),1.31(s,52H),0.92(t,J=7.0Hz,2H)。
13C NMR(151MHz,甲醇-d4)δ174.13,173.95,2x 130.05,68.39,66.41,64.87,61.62,40.28,33.50,31.66,29.62-28.69(多个信号),24.60,22.32,12.96
实施例21:制备的化合物和混合物对细胞培养物中肿瘤细胞生长的作用
该实施例证实制备的化合物和混合物对组织培养物中肿瘤细胞生长的作用,所述制备的化合物和混合物即PE/E-DAPL+FA、PC/E-DAPL+FA和E-DAPL+FA、sn-1己酰基PC/E-DAPL+FA、sn-1硬脂酰基PC/E-DAPL+FA、sn-1三甲基己酰基PC/E-DAPL+FA、sn-1环戊烷丙酰基PC/E-DAPL+FA、N-棕榈酰基PE/E-DAPL+FA、N-癸酰基PE/E-DAPL+FA、N-油酰基PE/E-DAPL+FA、N-亚油酰基PE/E-DAPL+FA、N-反油酰基PE/E-DAPL+FA和PE/E-DAPL、PC/E-DAPL、E-DAPL、sn-1己酰基PC/E-DAPL、sn-1硬脂酰基PC/E-DAPL、sn-1三甲基己酰基PC/E-DAPL、sn-1环戊烷丙酰基PC/E-DAPL、N-棕榈酰基PE/E-DAPL、N-癸酰基PE/E-DAPL、N-油酰基PE/E-DAPL、N-亚油酰基PE/E-DAPL和N-反油酰基PE/E-DAPL。作为对照,以相同的浓度和条件使用起始磷脂。起始磷脂分别是PE、PC、sn-1硬脂酰基PC、N-棕榈酰基PE或磷脂的初始混合物。
在肿瘤细胞培养物C32(人黑色素瘤)、TIB-75(诱导鼠肝癌)、LMH(鸡肝癌)中测试产物的细胞毒活性。
A)在37℃下在用水蒸气饱和的空气/5%CO2气氛中在含有10%胎儿血清和青霉素+链霉素的D-MEM培养基中培养C32细胞。每个孔含有5×104个细胞和0.5ml培养基。将测试产物以0、2.5、5、10、20、40、80、160和240μM的浓度添加到细胞中。在培养16小时后,记录细胞状态。
B)在37℃下在用水蒸气饱和的空气/5%CO2气氛中在含有10%胎儿血清和青霉素+链霉素的D-MEM培养基中培养LMH细胞。每个孔含有5×104个细胞和0.5ml培养基。将测试磷脂以0、2.5、5、10、20、40、80、160和240μM的浓度添加到细胞中。在培养16小时后,记录细胞状态。
C)在37℃下在用水蒸气饱和的空气/5%CO2气氛中在含有10%胎儿血清和青霉素+链霉素的D-MEM培养基中培养TIB-75细胞。每个孔含有5×104个细胞和0.5ml培养基。将测试磷脂以0、2.5、5、10、20、40、80、160和240μM的浓度添加到细胞中。在培养16小时后,记录细胞状态。
游离脂肪酸的存在对产物对测试的肿瘤细胞的毒性没有任何显著作用。
对照-PE、PC、sn-1硬脂酰基PC、N-棕榈酰基PE或磷脂的初始混合物-在完全相同的浓度下不影响表型或降低细胞生长速率。为了比较,测试由PC、PE和总磷脂制备的2-酰基-溶血磷脂-这些产物具有轻微的细胞毒性,它们需要约4-5倍高的浓度才能达到与PE/E-DAPL、PC/E-DAPL、E-DAPL和sn-1硬脂酰基PC/E-DAPL相同的毒性水平。
通过确定细胞中的ATP含量并使用中性红摄取来定量产物的细胞毒性,并确定IC50ATP和IC50NR[μM]。两种方法都提供了几乎相同的值。该表显示IC50ATP值。
实施例22:E-DAPL+FA对鸡实验性肝癌发展的作用
将1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物E-DAPL+FA以40mg/20g鸡重量每周5次经口施用给鸡。通过注射LMH肝癌细胞在处于胚胎期的鸡中诱导肝癌。在鸡孵化后的第25天评价实验。
实施例23:E-DAPL对小鼠实验性皮下肿瘤发展的作用
通过注射同基因TIB-75细胞在16只BALB/c小鼠(8-10周龄)中诱导皮下肿瘤。每周一次向8只小鼠的组施用于0.1ml盐水中的8mg E-DAPL,并且每周一次向8只小鼠的组施用8mg对照磷脂(PL),将施用的产品施加到发展中的肿瘤区域。在7周后,解剖肿瘤,在三个垂直方向上测量它们的直径,并由平均值计算球形体积。用E-DAPL治疗的小鼠的此类近似肿瘤的平均体积是用对照PL治疗的小鼠的肿瘤体积的30%。
实施例24:E-DAPL对小鼠实验性腹膜内肿瘤发展的作用
通过注射同基因TIB-75细胞在20只BALB/c小鼠(8-10周龄)中诱导腹膜内肿瘤。对10只小鼠的对照组喂食8周低脂实验食物(Altromin),且对第二组喂食含有每5g食物8mgE-DAPL的相同膳食。小鼠每周4天接受实验食物;在剩下的3天里,它们接受标准食物。在实验开始后6周内,2只对照小鼠死于TIB-75肿瘤。然后解剖2组等同的对照和治疗小鼠。治疗小鼠组中的平均肿瘤重量是对照肿瘤的重量的75%。再过2周后,分析剩余的小鼠。治疗小鼠组中的平均肿瘤重量现在是对照组中肿瘤重量的40%。实验表明,膳食中施用的E-DAPL(口服)也减缓了实验性腹膜内肿瘤的生长。
实施例25:E-DAPL对小鼠实验性胃肠(GIT)肿瘤发展的作用
家族性腺瘤性息肉病的实验小鼠模型APC/Min用于在小鼠的小肠中自发产生恶化前息肉并最终产生肿瘤(LK Su,KW Kinzler,B.Vogelstein,AC Preisinger,AR Moser,C.Luongo,KA Gould,WF Dove:由APC基因的小鼠同源物突变引起的多发性肠瘤形成(Multiple intestinal neoplasia caused by mutation in the murine homologue ofthe APC gene),Science 256(1992),第668-670页)
将E-DAPL添加到小鼠饲料混合物-65mg E-DAPL/5g低脂膳食中。该量是每只小鼠每天大约所消耗的。从16周龄(此时小鼠在小肠中具有许多息肉)每周3天喂养它们这种改良的饲料混合物直到28周龄(此时小肠中仅存在生长的腺瘤)。从通过E-DAPL治疗的28周龄小鼠和从每周3天喂食未修改的低脂肪膳食的对照小鼠中分离小肠,并将其加工成组织制备物。对制剂的评价得到以下结果(面积四舍五入到小数点后三位):
结论:长期E-DAPL暴露不会不利地影响实验动物的生理,并且E-DAPL的施用显著抑制APC/Min小鼠的小肠中腺瘤(代表GIT肿瘤)的数目和生长。
实施例26:E-DAPL对快速生长的皮下移植肿瘤生长的作用
通过皮下注射同基因肿瘤细胞CT26.CL25来诱导实验性BALB/C小鼠中的肿瘤生长。用E-DAPL治疗一半小鼠。每周3次向每只小鼠静脉内施用200微升0.3%E-DAPL(在含有20%磷酸盐缓冲盐水的盐水中)。向对照动物类似地施用盐水/20%磷酸盐缓冲盐水。在三周后,收获肿瘤并称重。来自治疗动物的肿瘤重量是对照肿瘤的重量的42%。用E-DAPL治疗的小鼠中的肿瘤甚至在显微镜下也是受限类型,相比之下对照肿瘤是明显不受控制的。这进一步确认了E-DAPL对减慢恶性肿瘤生长的有益作用。
结论:静脉内施用盐水中的E-DAPL耐受良好,且显著抑制实验性肿瘤的发展。
从体内实验得出的结论:实施例22-26中给出的实验以及本发明人进行的另外的体内实验的结果揭示经口施用400到3200mg/kg动物活体重范围的E-DAPL每日剂量对实验动物没有可观察到的不良作用,但抑制各种实验性肿瘤的生长。通常,较高剂量渐进地更为有效。静脉内施用0.3%E-DAPL溶液被小鼠良好耐受,且被证明是抑制肿瘤、特别是具有发育良好的血管供应的肿瘤的有效方式。
实施例27:E-DAPL和抗癌药物多柔比星(Dox)的共施用的协同作用
评价E-DAPL/Dox组合的细胞毒性作用的增强。借助于结晶紫测定(三次测量)确定单个药物和E-DAPL/Dox混合物(测试比率202:1)对乳腺4T1癌细胞系的剂量-效应关系。剂量响应线的线性化中值-效应图为单个和组合治疗提供了中值-效应方程的两个参数(IC50;趋势线m值)[参考:药物组合研究中的协同作用和拮抗作用的理论基础、实验设计和计算机模拟(Theoretical basis,experimental design,and computerized simulation ofsynergism and antagonism in drug combination studies);Ting-Chao Chou:Pharmacol Rev.58(3),2006,621-81;Erratum in Pharmacol Rev.2007;59(1),124]:
通过对于遵从更高阶条件的相互非排他性药物应用组合指数定理计算组合指数(CI),针对浓度IC1到IC60表示E-DAPL/Dox/202:1的组合效应的增强[参考:剂量-效应关系的定量分析:多种药物或酶抑制剂的组合效应(Quantitative analysis of dose-effectrelationships:the combined effects of multiple drugs or enzyme inhibitors);Ting-Chao Chou,Paul Talalay:“酶调控进展(Advances in Enzyme Regulation)”,第22卷,1984年,第27-55页]:
CI<1(协同作用);CI=1(加性效应);CI>1(拮抗作用)
其中:
D1=(Dx)1,2×[1/(202+1)]
D2=(Dx)1,2×[202/(202+1)]
D1-混合物中第一药物的剂量;D2-混合物中第二药物的剂量
上表中显示的数据表明E-DAPL和Dox的协同作用。两种药物的协同作用在较低浓度下更明显。上述数据表明,当与E-DAPL组合时,已确定的抗癌剂Dox的作用的显著增强。例如,对于4T1细胞系,Dox在IC25Dox和IC25E-DAPL/Dox/202:1下的浓度分别为0.2306μM和0.066μM。这允许在不降低IC25细胞毒性作用的情况下,将心毒性Dox的剂量降低71%。对于IC50,水平是0.9303μM相对于0.2287μM(75%)的相对剂量降低。通过不太精确的互斥药物方法计算组合指数提供了甚至更有利的CI值[参考:剂量-效应关系的定量分析:多种药物或酶抑制剂的组合效应;Ting-Chao Chou,Paul Talalay:酶调控进展,第22卷,1984年,第27-55页]。
Claims (15)
1.通式I的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物,
其中
R是C4到C30的脂族烃基链,
R1选自H或C1到C10烷基,优选C1到C6烷基,
R2选自H、C10到C30酰基或C1到C10烷基,优选C1到C6烷基,
R3选自H或C1到C10烷基,优选C1到C6烷基,或R3不存在,
其用于治疗癌症的方法。
2.根据权利要求1使用的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物,其中所述癌症是实体瘤,优选肝癌、胃肠道癌或黑色素瘤。
3.根据权利要求1或2使用的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物,其中R选自由以下组成的组:C5到C10直链、支链或环状或含环的烷基或烯基,例如戊基、3,5,5-三甲基戊基、环戊基乙基。
4.根据权利要求1或2使用的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物,其中R选自由以下组成的组:C13到C20直链或支链烷基或烯基,优选C15、C16、C17、C18或C19直链烷基或烯基。
5.根据权利要求1到4中任一项使用的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物,其中R2选自由含饱和或不饱和直链的C10-C20酰基组成的组,优选选自由以下组成的组:癸酰基、棕榈酰基、硬脂酰基、油酰基、亚油酰基、反油酰基。
6.根据权利要求1到4中任一项使用的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物,其中R1、R2、R3中的至少一个是甲基,优选所有R1、R2、R3都是甲基。
7.根据权利要求1到4中任一项使用的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物,其中R1和R2是氢,且R3不存在。
8.根据权利要求1到4中任一项使用的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物,其中R1是氢,且R2是含饱和或不饱和直链的C10-C20酰基。
9.根据权利要求1到8中任一项使用的通式(I)的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物,其中进一步施用抗癌药物。
10.根据权利要求9使用的通式(I)的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物,其中所述通式(I)的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物与所述抗癌药物的共施用以至少20:1、优选至少50:1、更优选至少100:1、甚至更优选至少180:1或至少200:1的比率进行。
11.通式I的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物,
其中
R是C4到C30的脂族烃基链,
R1选自H或C1到C10烷基,优选C1到C6烷基,
R2选自H、C10到C30酰基或C1到C10烷基,优选C1到C6烷基,
R3选自H或C1到C10烷基,优选C1到C6烷基,或R3不存在,
条件是
-当R1、R2是氢且R3不存在,或者所有R1、R2、R3都是氢时,R不是油酰基、棕榈酰基;
-当所有R1、R2、R3都是甲基时,R不是月桂酰基、棕榈酰基。
12.通式I的1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰基衍生物,
其中
R选自由以下组成的组:C5到C10直链、支链或环状或含环的烷基或烯基,例如戊基、3,5,5-三甲基戊基、环戊基乙基,
R1选自H或C1到C10烷基,优选C1到C6烷基,
R2选自H、C10到C30酰基或C1到C10烷基,优选C1到C6烷基,
R3选自H或C1到C10烷基,优选C1到C6烷基,或R3不存在;
或其中
R是C4到C30的脂族烃基链,
R1选自H或C1到C10烷基,优选C1到C6烷基,
R2选自含饱和或不饱和直链的C10-C20酰基,优选选自由以下组成的组:癸酰基、棕榈酰基、硬脂酰基、油酰基、亚油酰基、反油酰基,
R3选自H或C1到C10烷基,优选C1到C6烷基,或R3不存在。
13.一种药物组合物,其特征在于它含有至少一种如权利要求11或12中所定义的通式I化合物,以及至少一种载体、稀释剂或填充剂,任选地进一步含有一种或多种润滑剂、压片促进剂、乳化剂、包衣。
14.根据权利要求13所述的药物组合物,其还含有抗癌药物,优选多柔比星。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的组合物,其呈用于口服或静脉内施用的形式。
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CZ2017190A3 (cs) | 2018-10-10 |
WO2018184604A1 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
ES2877647T3 (es) | 2021-11-17 |
CA3058792C (en) | 2022-08-16 |
EP3606534B1 (en) | 2021-05-12 |
US20200102333A1 (en) | 2020-04-02 |
CZ308596B6 (cs) | 2020-12-23 |
CN110494143B (zh) | 2022-12-20 |
PL3606534T3 (pl) | 2021-12-13 |
EP3606534A1 (en) | 2020-02-12 |
PT3606534T (pt) | 2021-07-16 |
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