CN110483661A - 一种草菇多糖及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/125—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols; containing starch hydrolysates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
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- C08B37/0009—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid alpha-D-Glucans, e.g. polydextrose, alternan, glycogen; (alpha-1,4)(alpha-1,6)-D-Glucans; (alpha-1,3)(alpha-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. isolichenan or nigeran; (alpha-1,4)-D-Glucans; (alpha-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. pseudonigeran; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种草菇多糖及其制备方法和应用，本发明可以快速低能耗地以草菇子实体为原料，最大化地制备出高纯度草菇中性多糖，并且该多糖为一种新型α‑葡聚糖，含有1→4糖苷键组成的主链以及1→6糖苷键组成的侧链，与现有的食用菌多糖的结构显著不同；该多糖可作为功能食品的免疫增强剂等产品，不仅扩大了功能多糖的种类，同时也将延长草菇等食用菌资源精深加工产业链和提高草菇种植的经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种草菇多糖及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
食用菌多糖，特别是葡聚糖，被认为是一种重要的非特异性免疫调节剂，主要通过激活信号传导通路和促进免疫细胞（巨噬细胞、NK 细胞、中性粒细胞以及 CTL 细胞等）的活化和增殖发挥其免疫调节作用。此外，多糖还能提高细胞因子 ( 如TNF-α， IL-6等) 的分泌水平，通过分泌这些因子参与免疫调节。其中，巨噬细胞（Macrophages），作为一类重要的免疫细胞，广泛分布于生物体的各类组织中，具有提呈抗原、吞噬、免疫调节等功效，在机体的生长发育，维持平衡、组织修复中起到不可替代的作用。近年来，诸多研究发现，食用菌多糖通过活化巨噬细胞，促进了细胞因子（NO，IL-6，TNF-α和 IL-1β等）的表达和分泌水平，并通过增强巨噬细胞胞饮和吞噬功能等增强机体免疫功能。
草菇（Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Sing），又名兰花菇，苞脚菇，是一种典型的热带/亚热带食用菌，具有独特的风味、质地和营养价值，每100 g 干草菇含水分10.65g、粗蛋白28 .03 g 、粗脂肪1.24 g、粗纤维18.9 g、可溶性多糖0.50 g。草菇蛋白质含18种氨基酸，其中必需氨基酸占40.47%～44.47%，被誉为“素中之荤”。在中国年产量约33万吨，占全球总产量的80%以上，是世界第三大栽培食用菌。然而，有关草菇中的功能性多糖，特别是具有免疫增强作用的葡聚糖的结构和功能等相关研究还未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种草菇多糖及其制备方法和应用，本发明可以快速低能耗地以草菇子实体为原料，最大化地制备出高纯度草菇中性多糖，并且该多糖为一种新型α-葡聚糖，含有1→4糖苷键组成的主链以及1→6糖苷键组成的侧链，与现有的食用菌多糖的结构显著不同；该多糖可作为功能食品的免疫增强剂等产品，不仅扩大了功能多糖的种类，同时也将延长草菇等食用菌资源精深加工产业链和提高草菇种植的经济效益。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种草菇多糖的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1）以草菇子实体为原料，通过超声波结合酶解体系对草菇子实体进行提取，得到的草菇粗多糖；
2）对提取得到的草菇粗多糖进行层析分离纯化和冷冻干燥，得到高纯度草菇多糖。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的草菇多糖的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1）中，所述草菇子实体为：新鲜采摘的草菇子实体，或者干燥的草菇子实体。
优选的，步骤1）中，在通过超声波结合多酶体系对草菇子实体进行提取之前，将草菇子实体粉碎并匀浆，加水配制成固液比为2%～10%（W/V）的溶液，加入0.1～1.0mol/L的HCl溶液或者0.5～2mol/L的NaOH溶液，调节pH值为4.5～6.5、6.5～7.5或7.5～10.0，以利于酶解。
优选的，步骤1）中，所述酶解体系至少包括蛋白酶，其主要发挥去除多糖结合蛋白的作用。
优选的，所述蛋白酶为酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶或碱性蛋白酶中的任意一种；其中，酸性蛋白酶的酶解pH值为3.5～6.5，酶解温度为40～60℃；中性蛋白酶的酶解pH值为6.5～7.5，酶解温度为40～60℃；碱性蛋白酶的酶解pH值为7.5～11.0，酶解温度为40～60℃。
优选的，步骤1）中，所述超声波的条件主要为：超声波输出功率为100～300 W，频率为10～60 kHz，超声波处理时间为1～30min，超声波提取温度为30～90℃，主要起到提高多糖提取得率和效率等作用。
优选的，步骤2）中，对提取得到的草菇粗多糖进行层析分离纯化包括如下步骤：将提取得到的草菇粗多糖用离子水溶解，上DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow 阴离子交换柱经0～1.0mol/L NaCl线性梯度洗脱，收集水洗（0 mol/L 的NaCl）中性多糖组分；然后上经G-100葡聚糖凝胶柱，逐管检测A280nm（蛋白质吸收峰）、A490nm（多糖吸收峰），收集主要多糖组分，即为草菇多糖。
本发明还提供一种草菇多糖，其由上述制备方法制得；该草菇多糖的糖含量为98.2%，未检测出蛋白，且仅由葡萄糖组成，葡萄糖占比为100%；该草菇多糖的分子量为143.56 KDa；经红外/紫外光谱分析、高碘酸氧化、Smith降解、甲基化反应以及核磁共振测定，该草菇多糖为一种α-葡聚糖，主链由1→4糖苷键组成，侧链由1→6糖苷键组成；经刚果红实验，并AFM、SEM扫描测定，该草菇多糖存在三维螺旋结构。
本发明还提供上述草菇多糖的应用：
在使用剂量在31.25～500μg/mL条件下，上述草菇多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞无毒性，可显著促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红的能力；
在使用剂量在31.25～500μg/mL条件下，上述草菇多糖显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌细胞因子NO (7.76-32.52 μM)，IL-6 (48.43 -150.27 pg/ml)，IL-1β (20.26-46.19pg/ml)和TNF-α (348.32-820.32 pg/ml)的分泌量；
在使用剂量在31.25～500μg/mL条件下，上述草菇多糖显著增强iNOS (4.91 -25.07)，IL-6 (1.91 - 2.88)，IL-1β (2.89 - 6.47)和TNF-α (1.13 - 7.25) 的mRNA转录水平；
在使用剂量在31.25～500μg/mL条件下，上述草菇多糖显著提升MAPKs信号通路中JNK和ERK1/2及其磷酸化蛋白的表达水平。
本发明的优点和有益效果在于：提供一种草菇多糖及其制备方法和应用，本发明可以快速低能耗地以草菇子实体为原料，最大化地制备出高纯度草菇中性多糖，并且该多糖为一种新型α-葡聚糖，含有1→4糖苷键组成的主链以及1→6糖苷键组成的侧链，与现有的食用菌多糖的结构显著不同；该多糖可作为功能食品的免疫增强剂等产品，不仅扩大了功能多糖的种类，同时也将延长草菇等食用菌资源精深加工产业链和提高草菇种植的经济效益。
本发明制备的草菇多糖属于α-葡聚糖，具有明显的三维螺旋结构，其使用剂量在31.25-500 μg/mL时，对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞无毒性，可显著促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红的能力，并通过调控MAPKs信号通路中的p38，JNK和ERK等蛋白表达增强细胞因子（iNOS、IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α）的转录和分泌水平。
附图说明
图1是草菇粗多糖VGPⅠ-a DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow柱层析图；
图2是草菇多糖VGPⅠ-a G-100凝胶层析图；
图3是草菇各组分对巨噬细胞分泌NO量的影响；
图4是草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a紫外分光图谱；
图5是草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a红外分光图谱；
图6是草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a 1HNMR图谱；
图7是草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a 13CNMR图谱；
图8是草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a重复单元；
图9是草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a刚果红实验图；
图10至图13是草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a扫描电镜图；
图14至图21是草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7释放细胞因子影响（A：NO, B：IL-6, C：TNF-α和D：IL-1β）和细胞因子mRNA表达影响图（E：iNOS, F：IL-6, G：TNF-α和H：IL-1β）。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
取1.0kg草菇新鲜子实体（由江苏省江南生物科技有限公司提供），加水配制成固液比为1:20（w/v）后匀浆，加入0.1mol/L的HCl溶液或者0.5mol/L的NaOH溶液调节匀浆液pH为4.0；加入酸性蛋白酶，添加量为50U/g底物，超声提取条件：功率200W，频率为20 kHz，调节提取温度为55℃，处理时间为20min后，5000rpm离心15min后取上清液；将上清液浓缩后加入无水乙醇至最终乙醇浓度为75%（v/v），4℃条件12h后10000rpm离心取沉淀，加水溶解后透析后冷冻干燥，所得粗多糖为82.45g，其得率为8.245%。
实施例2
将草菇粗多糖用蒸馏水充分溶解5000 rpm上DEAE-Sepharose F.F离子交换柱 (2.5×25 cm)，0～1.0 mol/L NaCl溶液阶段性洗脱，流速为1 mL/min，每管收集8 ml，硫酸-苯酚法跟踪监测，以试管号为横坐标，以A485nm为纵坐标，绘制洗脱曲线，出现4个峰，分峰收集，浓缩，透析冷冻干燥。将冻干的多糖样品溶于蒸馏水中，0.45 μm滤膜过滤，采用葡聚糖凝胶柱G-100进一步层析纯化，蒸馏水洗脱，流速0.5 mL/min，同时采用硫酸-苯酚法跟踪检测，分步收集，得草菇多糖VGPⅠ-a，VGPⅠ-b，VGPⅡ，VGPⅢ，分别为0.92g，0.56g，0.76g和0.87g。（图1为草菇粗多糖VGPⅠ-a DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow柱层析图；图2为草菇多糖VGPⅠ-aG-100凝胶层析图；图3为草菇各组分对巨噬细胞分泌NO量的影响）
实施例3
以葡萄糖为标准品，采用苯酚-硫酸法测定草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a中糖含量为98.2%；以小牛血清蛋白为标准品采用考马斯亮蓝法测定，草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a中未检测出蛋白；气相色谱法(GC)分析其仅含有葡萄糖，表明为葡聚糖；经高效体积排阻色谱法(HPSEC)测定，VGPⅠ-a的分子量为143.56 KDa。
NaIO4氧化结果表明，每摩尔草菇中性多糖的单糖残基，消耗的高碘酸摩尔数为1.122，生成的甲酸摩尔数为0.108，提示草菇中性多糖中存在1→或1→6键型，且摩尔数约为0.102；而实际消耗高碘酸量高于甲酸生成量摩尔数的2倍，表明草菇中性多糖中存在1→4，1→4.6等只消耗高碘酸而不产生甲酸的键型。
气相色谱分析显示，Simth降解产物，中有甘油，保留时间为3.28min、赤藓醇，保留时间为8.47min,表明存在1→, (1→2)-, (1→6)-, (1→2, 6)-， (1→4)- 和 (1→4,6)-类键型，此外未测出葡萄糖，表明不存在(1→3)–, (1→2, 3)- 和 (1→3, 6)-类键型。
气相质谱联用仪 (GC-MS) 检测草菇葡聚糖VGPⅠ-a的甲基化产物，结果出现3个甲基化衍生物离子峰，保留时间分别是19.141min，24.637 min和30.721 min。通过对质谱图进行分析对比，初步确定各组成依次为Glcp-1→，→4-Glcp-1→和→4,6-Glcp-1→。其中Glcp-1→为端基单元，→4-Glcp-1→为线性单元，→4,6-Glcp-1→为支化单元。其摩尔比约为1:8:1。
实施例4
将本发明中的草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a配置成1 mg/m L的水溶液，用紫外分光光度计在波长190～400 nm范围内进行扫描。其在260 nm和280 nm处均无特征吸收峰，表明草菇中性多糖无蛋白质和核酸（图4是草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a紫外分光图谱）。
红外光谱分析结果表明在波长为3420 cm-1是O-H的伸缩振动引起的吸收，2932cm-1是次甲基的C-H伸缩振动引起的吸收，是糖类的特征吸收峰；1645 cm-1是多糖中-COO-的C=O非对称伸缩振动引起的吸收；1371 cm-1是由于C-H变角振动引起的吸收；1152 cm-1至1027 cm-1是吡喃糖环中C-O-C和C-O-H的弯曲振动引起的吸收；845 cm-1是α-型吡喃糖苷键振动引起的吸收；在 355 cm-1至610 cm-1之间区域范围内是吡喃糖环的红外特征吸收峰。红外光谱表明，草菇中性多糖是一种具有α-吡喃糖苷键的多糖（图5是草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a红外分光图谱）。
核磁共振（1H 和13C NMR）分析证实，草菇中性多糖是以→4)-α-Glcp-(1→ 为主链并在→4)-α-Glcp-(1→的O-6位产生支链的葡聚糖（图6是草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a 1HNMR图谱；图7是草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a 13CNMR图谱）。
综合以上结果，可以明确草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a为一种α-葡聚糖，主链由1→4糖苷键组成，侧链由1→6糖苷键组成，可以证实其为一种结构新颖的葡聚糖，其精细化结构（图8是草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a重复单元）所示，其中：n表示50-150的整数，优选为80。
实施例5
刚果红实验分析结果显示，草菇α-葡聚糖VGPⅠ-a与刚果红结合所形成的络合物在NaOH浓度为0.05-0.2 mol/L范围内最大吸收波长逐渐增大，出现了明显的亚稳区，说明草菇中性多糖存在三螺旋结构。原子力显微镜分析发现，草菇α-葡聚糖VGPⅠ-a呈现出具有分支的细丝状，链宽约13.3 nm，链高约为1.5 nm。扫描电镜结果表明，草菇α-葡聚糖VGPⅠ-a主要呈线性多糖链以及少量的支链聚集体，链聚集体直径约为2.12 μm，提示该葡聚糖分子间存在较强的相互作用，在固体状态下多以较大的聚集体存在。（图9是草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a刚果红实验图；图10至图13是草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a扫描电镜图）
实施例6
MTT法测定草菇α-葡聚糖VGPⅠ-a在使用剂量在31.25-500 μg/mL条件下对RAW 264.7巨噬细胞生长的影响。结果显示，其对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞无毒性。中性红吞噬实验结果证实，草菇α-葡聚糖VGPⅠ-a在使用剂量在31.25-500 μg/mL条件下可显著促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红的能力。
采用试剂盒测定草菇α-葡聚糖VGPⅠ-a在使用剂量在31.25-500 μg/mL条件下对RAW 264.7巨噬细胞中NO、IL-6，IL-1β和TNF-α分泌量的影响。结果显示，草菇葡聚糖VGPⅠ-a显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌细胞因子NO (7.76-32.52 μM)，IL-6 (48.43 -150.27pg/ml)，IL-1β (20.26-46.19 pg/ml)和TNF-α (348.32-820.32 pg/ml)的分泌量。
采用qRT-PCR法检测草菇α-葡聚糖VGPⅠ-a在使用剂量在31.25-500 μg/mL条件下对RAW 264.7巨噬细胞中iNOS，IL-6，IL-1β和TNF-α mRNA表达量，引物序列如表1所示：
表1 iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β引物
| Prime name | Gene sequence |
| iNOS forward primer | 5'-CGGCAAACATGACTTCAGGC-3' |
| iNOS reverse primer | 5'-GCACATCAAAGCGGCCATAG-3' |
| TNF-α forward primer | 5’-CCT CAG GAA CGG GAC TCG AA-3’ |
| TNF-α reverse primer | 5’-ATG TAC ACC AAG TCG GTA GCA CCA-3’ |
| IL-6 forward primer | 5’-GGA ATT CGT GGA AAT GAG AA-3’ |
| IL-6 reverse primer | 5’-GCA CTA GGA AAG CCG AGT AC- 3’ |
| IL-1β forward primer | 5’-TGT GAT GTT CCC ATT AGA C-3’ |
| IL-1β reverse primer | 5’–AAT ACC ACT TGT TGG CTT A- 3’ |
| GADPH forward primer | 5'-TTTGTCAAGCTCATTTCCTGGTATG-3' |
| GADPH reserve primer | 5'-TGGGATAGGGCCTCTCTTGC-3' |
结果显示，草菇α-葡聚糖VGPⅠ-a显著增强iNOS (4.91 - 25.07)，IL-6 (1.91 -2.88)，IL-1β (2.89 - 6.47)和TNF-α (1.13 - 7.25) 的mRNA转录水平。图14至图21是草菇中性多糖VGPⅠ-a对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7释放细胞因子影响（A：NO, B：IL-6, C：TNF-α和D：IL-1β）和细胞因子mRNA表达影响图（E：iNOS, F：IL-6, G：TNF-α 和H：IL-1β）。
采用Westernblot法测定草菇α-葡聚糖VGPⅠ-a在使用剂量在31.25-500 μg/mL条件下对MAPK信号通路中的p38, JNK和ERK等蛋白表达量。结果显示，草菇葡聚糖VGPⅠ-a显著提升MAPKs信号通路中JNK和ERK1/2及其磷酸化蛋白的表达水平。
综合以上结果，本发明中的新型结构草菇α-葡聚糖VGPⅠ-a是一种免疫增强剂，在MAPK信号通路中，可通过上调p38, JNK和ERK蛋白的表达增强iNOS，IL-6，IL-1β，TNF-α的mRNA转录水平，从而显著地刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌细胞因子NO，IL-6，IL-1β，TNF-α，并且呈一定的剂量依赖性。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种草菇多糖的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1）以草菇子实体为原料，通过超声波结合酶解体系对草菇子实体进行提取，得到的草菇粗多糖；
2）对提取得到的草菇粗多糖进行层析分离纯化和冷冻干燥，得到高纯度草菇多糖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的草菇多糖的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1）中，所述草菇子实体为：新鲜采摘的草菇子实体，或者干燥的草菇子实体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的草菇多糖的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1）中，在通过超声波结合多酶体系对草菇子实体进行提取之前，将草菇子实体粉碎并匀浆，加水配制成固液比为2%～10%（W/V）的溶液，加入0.1～1.0mol/L的HCl溶液或者0.5～2mol/L的NaOH溶液，调节pH值为4.5～6.5、6.5～7.5或7.5～10.0，以利于酶解。
4.根据权利要求1所述的草菇多糖的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1）中，所述酶解体系至少包括蛋白酶。
5.根据权利要求4所述的草菇多糖的制备方法，其特征在于，所述蛋白酶为酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶或碱性蛋白酶中的任意一种；其中，酸性蛋白酶的酶解pH值为3.5～6.5，酶解温度为40～60℃；中性蛋白酶的酶解pH值为6.5～7.5，酶解温度为40～60℃；碱性蛋白酶的酶解pH值为7.5～11.0，酶解温度为40～60℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的草菇多糖的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1）中，所述超声波的条件主要为：超声波输出功率为100～300 W，频率为10～60 kHz，超声波处理时间为1～30min，超声波提取温度为30～90℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的草菇多糖的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2）中，对提取得到的草菇粗多糖进行层析分离纯化包括如下步骤：将提取得到的草菇粗多糖用离子水溶解，上DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow 阴离子交换柱经0～1.0mol/L NaCl线性梯度洗脱，收集水洗（0 mol/L 的NaCl）中性多糖组分；然后上经G-100 葡聚糖凝胶柱，逐管检测A280nm（蛋白质吸收峰）、A490nm（多糖吸收峰），收集主要多糖组分，即为草菇多糖。
8.一种草菇多糖，其特征在于，其由权利要求1至7中任一项所述制备方法制得；该草菇多糖的糖含量为98.2%，未检测出蛋白，且仅由葡萄糖组成，葡萄糖占比为100%；该草菇多糖的分子量为143.56 KDa；经红外/紫外光谱分析、高碘酸氧化、Smith降解、甲基化反应以及核磁共振测定，该草菇多糖为一种α-葡聚糖，主链由1→4糖苷键组成，侧链由1→6糖苷键组成；经刚果红实验，并AFM、SEM扫描测定，该草菇多糖存在三维螺旋结构。
9.权利要求8所述草菇多糖的应用，其特征在于：
在使用剂量在31.25～500μg/mL条件下，权利要求8所述草菇多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞无毒性，可显著促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红的能力；
在使用剂量在31.25～500μg/mL条件下，权利要求8所述草菇多糖显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌细胞因子NO (7.76-32.52 μM)，IL-6 (48.43 -150.27 pg/ml)，IL-1β (20.26-46.19 pg/ml)和TNF-α (348.32-820.32 pg/ml)的分泌量；
在使用剂量在31.25～500μg/mL条件下，权利要求8所述草菇多糖显著增强iNOS (4.91- 25.07)，IL-6 (1.91 - 2.88)，IL-1β (2.89 - 6.47)和TNF-α (1.13 - 7.25) 的mRNA转录水平；
在使用剂量在31.25～500μg/mL条件下，权利要求8所述草菇多糖显著提升MAPKs信号通路中JNK和ERK1/2及其磷酸化蛋白的表达水平。
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