CN110479923B - Large thin-wall outer T-shaped annular component restraining radial axial rolling forming method - Google Patents
Large thin-wall outer T-shaped annular component restraining radial axial rolling forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110479923B CN110479923B CN201910712205.5A CN201910712205A CN110479923B CN 110479923 B CN110479923 B CN 110479923B CN 201910712205 A CN201910712205 A CN 201910712205A CN 110479923 B CN110479923 B CN 110479923B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
- B21H1/06—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution rings of restricted axial length
Abstract
The invention relates to a large thin-wall outer T-shaped annular component restraining radial axial rolling forming method, which comprises the following steps: s1, placing the annular preform inside a restraint die, enabling the bottom surface of the annular preform to be in contact with the lower end surface of the inside of the restraint die, and placing the radial feed roller inside the annular preform; s2, radial rolling; after rolling begins, the restraining die drives the annular prefabricated blank to rotate at a rotating speed omega1Rotating around the axis of the constraining die at a constant speed, and feeding the roller radially at a rotating speed omega2Rotating about its own axis while rotating radially at a speed v1Making a feeding movement, axially feeding the rolls at a speed of rotation omega3Rotate at a constant speed around the axis of the self-body and do not do translational motion; s3, axial rolling; the constrained mode continues at the rotation speed omega1Rotating around the axis at a constant speed, keeping the position of the radial feeding roller fixed, and starting to rotate along the axial direction at a speed v while rotating around the axis of the axial feeding roller at a constant speed2Feeding downwards; s4, demolding. The invention realizes the near net forming manufacturing of the large thin-wall complex annular component with high performance, high efficiency and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of large ring forming and manufacturing, in particular to a large thin-wall outer T-shaped ring component restraining diameter axial rolling forming method.
Background
The large thin-wall outer T-shaped annular component is a key component in the fields of aviation, aerospace, ships, wind power, weaponry and the like, and how to manufacture the large thin-wall outer T-shaped annular component with high performance, high efficiency and low cost becomes a hot spot of international major equipment manufacturing technical research. The large thin-wall external T-shaped annular component has the advantages of thin wall, large axial height, large diameter and extreme geometric dimension. At present, the complex thin-wall components are mainly manufactured by methods such as machining, welding and the like. The machining method is that the large complex thin-wall outer T-shaped annular component is simplified into a simple thick-wall rectangular ring, the rectangular ring is formed through a common ring rolling forming process, and finally the target large thin-wall outer T-shaped annular component is machined through the rectangular ring. The mechanical processing method has the advantages of low material utilization rate, low efficiency and high cost, and the mechanical processing removes fine crystal structures formed by rolling and forming, cuts off continuous metal flow lines formed by rolling and forming, and is difficult to meet the requirements of the structure performance and the mechanical performance of the outer T-shaped annular member. The welding processing method can not manufacture the integral large thin-wall external T-shaped annular component, and only can weld the inner wall of the separately manufactured component and the annular boss, thereby greatly weakening the mechanical property of the external T-shaped annular component. Therefore, the existing machining and welding methods cannot meet the requirements of high-performance, high-efficiency and low-cost manufacture of large thin-wall outer T-shaped annular components.
The restraint diameter axial rolling forming is to restrain the outer diameter of the annular component to be kept unchanged through a restraint die, and form the large-scale complex thin-wall annular component under the synergistic action of the restraint die, the radial feeding roller and the axial feeding roller. The restraint diameter axial rolling forming is continuous local plastic forming, and has small forming force and low energy consumption. Because the annular member is restrained by the restraining die, the directional filling of metal is facilitated, the complex thin-wall annular member can be formed, and the forming precision is high. Meanwhile, the axial feeding roller is completely separated from the restraint die and the radial feeding roller and is positioned on one side of the restraint die, the radial movement is flexible, and the rolling forming of the large annular component is facilitated. And the size of the axial feeding roller is far smaller than that of the large annular component, so that the large annular component can be rolled and formed by a small die. Therefore, the constraint radial and axial rolling forming method can realize the high-performance, high-efficiency, low-cost and near-net-shape manufacturing of the large-scale complex thin-wall annular component. At present, no relevant report about the restraint diameter axial rolling forming technology exists at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large thin-wall outer T-shaped annular component restraining radial axial rolling forming method, which realizes the high-performance, high-efficiency, low-cost and near-net forming manufacturing of a large thin-wall complex annular component.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for forming a large thin-wall external T-shaped annular component by restraining radial axial rolling comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the annular preform inside a restraining die, enabling the bottom surface of the annular preform to be in contact with the lower end surface inside the restraining die, placing a radial feed roller inside the annular preform, enabling the outer surface of the radial feed roller to be tangent to the inner surface of the preform, and enabling the bottom surface of the radial feed roller to be flat with the bottom surface of the preform; the end surface of the axial feeding roller is tangent to the outer surface of the prefabricated blank, and the height of the axial distance from the upper surface of the constraint die is greater than that of the boss of the outer T-shaped annular component;
s2, radial rolling; after rolling begins, the restraining die drives the annular prefabricated blank to rotate at a rotating speed omega1Rotating around the axis of the constraining die at a constant speed, and feeding the roller radially at a rotating speed omega2Rotating about its own axis while rotating radially at a speed v1Making a feeding movement, axially feeding the rolls at a speed of rotation omega3Rotating at a constant speed around the axis of the annular preform and performing no translational motion, and under the combined action of the radial feed roller, the restraint die and the axial feed roller, reducing the wall thickness of the annular preform, increasing the axial height and generating an annular boss with a certain height; when the axial height reaches the preset size, the radial feeding roller stops the radial feeding movement; the direction in which the restraint die drives the annular prefabricated blank to rotate is the same as the direction in which the radial feed roller rotates around the axis of the radial feed roller; the rotation directions of the axial feeding roller and the annular prefabricated blank meet the meshing rotation relationship;
s3, axial rolling; the constrained mode continues at the rotation speed omega1Rotating around the axis at a constant speed, keeping the position of the radial feeding roller fixed, and starting to rotate along the axial direction at a speed v while rotating around the axis of the axial feeding roller at a constant speed2Feeding downwards; under the combined action of the radial feeding roller, the restraint die and the axial feeding roller, the height of the annular boss formed in the step S2 is reduced, and the metal starts to flow in the radial direction to increase the diameter of the metal; when the height and the diameter of the boss reach preset sizes, the axial feeding roller stops feeding, and the restraint die, the radial feeding roller and the axial feeding roller are restrainedThe rollers stop rotating, the radial feeding roller retreats, and the axial feeding roller moves outwards in the radial direction to separate from the forming component;
s4, demolding; the formed member is pushed by demoulding push rods distributed at the lower end of the constraint mould to move upwards to be separated from the constraint mould, and an outer T-shaped annular member is obtained.
In the above solution, the annular preform has an outer diameter D2The same outer diameter as the target ring member, inner diameter D1The radial rolling ratio lambda is determined as:
D1＝λ*d1(1)
D2＝d2(2)
the axial height H is:
wherein d is1Is the inner diameter of the outer T-shaped annular member, d2The outer diameter of the lower half part of the outer T-shaped annular member, d3Is the maximum end diameter of the outer T-shaped annular member, d4The outer diameter of the upper half part of the outer T-shaped annular component h1The height of the lower half part of the outer T-shaped annular member, h2Is the height of the boss, h3Is the height of the upper half of the outer T-shaped ring member. Lambda is determined by calculation to ensure that the axial annular boss is not destabilized in compression in the radial wall thickness S3 of the annular preform in S2.
In the scheme, the restraining die is a stepped ring part, the inner surface of the step is matched with the outer surface of the lower half part of the target outer T-shaped annular component, the radial thickness of the horizontal part of the inner surface of the step is larger than the wall thickness of the corresponding annular prefabricated blank, the annular prefabricated blank is completely placed in the stepped restraining die, the axial height of the restraining die is larger than the height of the target outer T-shaped annular component, the outer diameter of the bottom of the restraining die is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the target outer T-shaped annular component, a plurality of through holes which are circumferentially distributed are formed in the bottom of the restraining die, and the through holes.
In the scheme, the rotating speed omega of the constraint mode1With radial feed roller speed omega2The relationship between them is:
constraint mode rotation speed omega1With axial feed roller speed omega3The relationship between them is:
wherein r is1To radially feed the roll radius, r2Is the large end radius of the axial feed roller.
In the scheme, the axial feeding roller is a stepped circular shaft, the axial line of the axial feeding roller is horizontal, the large end of the axial feeding roller is a working part participating in axial rolling forming, the small end of the axial feeding roller is a connecting part connected with the clamp, the axial feeding roller is completely separated from the restraint die, the diameter of the large end of the axial feeding roller is larger than the height of the upper half part of the target outer T-shaped annular member, and the axial height of the large end is larger than the radial thickness of a boss of the target outer T-shaped annular member.
The large thin-wall outer T-shaped annular component restraining radial axial rolling forming method has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for forming the large thin-wall outer T-shaped annular component by the constrained radial and axial rolling can realize the near-net forming manufacture of the large thin-wall outer T-shaped annular component, has small forming force, high material utilization rate, high efficiency and cleanness through continuous local plastic forming, and is a green new manufacturing method.
2. The size of the axial feeding roller in the large thin-wall outer T-shaped annular member restraining diameter axial rolling forming method is far smaller than that of the annular member, so that the large annular member can be formed by a small die, and the cost is low.
3. The large thin-wall outer T-shaped annular member constraint rolling forming method can refine the internal grain structure and form metal flow lines which are continuously distributed along the outline, so that the structure performance and the mechanical property of the large thin-wall outer T-shaped annular member can be improved.
4. The axial feeding roller is completely separated from the restraint die and the radial feeding roller and is positioned on one side of the restraint die, the radial movement is flexible, the method has high process flexibility, and large annular components with different specifications can be formed.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a restraining radial and axial roll forming structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a radial rolling process;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an axial rolling process;
FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a target outer T-shaped annular member;
FIG. 5 is a schematic longitudinal section of an annular preform.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a large thin-wall outer T-shaped annular component restraining radial axial rolling forming method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and (4) determining the initial rolling position. As shown in fig. 1, the annular preform 1 is placed in a confining mold 4 with the bottom surface of the blank being flush with the surface of the confining mold 4. The outer surface of the radial feeding roller 2 is tangent to the inner surface of the blank, and the bottom surface of the radial feeding roller is level to the blank. The axial feed rollers 3 are arranged tangentially to the annular preform 1 and have their axes at a distance of 50mm from the upper surface of the confining mould 4.
(2) And (5) restraining the radial and axial rolling forming process. The method for forming the restrained radial and axial rolling mainly comprises three stages, namely a first stage radial rolling stage, a second stage axial rolling stage and a third stage demoulding stage.
(3) A first stage radial rolling stage. As shown in FIG. 2, after the rolling has started, the ring preform 1 is carried by the confining die 4 at a rotation speed ω1And the blank moves around the axis of the blank at a constant speed. Radial feed rolls 2 at speed of rotation omega2Rotate at a constant speed around its own axis and at a speed v in the radial direction1And (3) performing feeding movement, under the combined action of the radial feeding roller 2, the restraint die 4 and the axial feeding roller 3, enabling a part of metal to flow along the axial direction to enable the axial height to be increased, and enabling the other part of metal to flow along the radial direction to generate an annular boss with a certain thickness. When in useAfter the axial height reaches the preset dimension, the radial feed roller 2 stops the radial feed movement.
(4) And a second stage axial rolling stage. As shown in fig. 3, the axial feed rolls 3 start to rotate at a rotational speed ω3Rotate at a constant speed around the axis of the self-body and rotate at a speed v along the axial direction2And feeding downwards. Under the action of the axial feed rollers 3 and the upper surface of the restraint die 4, the axial metal of the boss formed in step (2) starts to flow in the radial direction, so that the height of the annular boss is reduced while the diameter of the boss is increased. When the height and the diameter of the boss reach preset sizes, the restraint die 4, the radial feeding roller 2 and the axial feeding roller 3 stop rotating, the radial feeding roller 2 moves towards the center, and the axial feeding roller 3 starts to move outwards along the shaft and leaves the restraint die 4.
(5) And a second stage demoulding stage. And finally, pushing the formed ring piece to move upwards by 4 demoulding push rods 5 distributed at the lower end of the constraint mould 4, and separating the ring piece from the constraint mould 4 to obtain an outer T-shaped ring piece.
(6) Design of the annular preform 1. The annular preform 1 of variant (1) can be obtained by means of a conventional ring rolling process. As shown in fig. 4, its outer diameter D2Same as the target ring, inner diameter D1The radial rolling ratio lambda is determined as:
D1＝λ*d1(1)
D2＝d2(2)
the axial height H is:
wherein d is1Is the inner diameter of the outer T-shaped ring part, d2The outer diameter of the lower half part of the outer T-shaped ring part, d3The largest end diameter of the outer T-shaped ring member. d4Is the outer diameter of the upper half part of the outer T-shaped ring piece. h is1Is the height of the lower half part of the outer T-shaped ring member, h2Is the height of T-shaped boss h3Is the height of the upper half part of the outer T-shaped ring piece.
In this example, the dimensions of the large thin-walled outer T-shaped ring member are as follows: d1＝2980mm，d2＝3000mm，d3＝3200mm，d4＝3000mm h1＝200mm，h2＝20mm，h3＝200mm，λ＝0.97。
Thus, as shown in fig. 5, the annular preform 1 can be dimensioned:
D1＝2890.6mm，D2＝3000mm，H＝138.4mm。
(7) the design of the confinement mode 4. The restraint die 4 in the scheme (1) is a stepped ring piece. The inner diameter was 2800mm, the outer diameter was 3500mm and the height was 450 mm. The outer diameter of the step part is 3000mm, and the height of the step is 200 mm.
(8) Design of the ejector pin 5. 4 demoulding push rods 5 are placed in 4 round holes at the bottom of the restraint mould 4. The diameter of the demoulding ejector rod 5 is 8mm same as that of the round hole at the bottom of the restraint mould 4. In the process of rolling and forming, the top end of the demoulding mandril 5 and the end surface of the restraint die 4 are kept horizontal, and after the rolling and forming are finished, the demoulding mandril 5 moves upwards to eject the formed ring blank out of the restraint die 4.
(9) The design of the radial feed rolls 2. The radial feed roller 2 in the scheme (1) is a circular shaft which does circular motion around the axis of the radial feed roller and can move along the radial direction, and the diameter of the circular shaft is 200mm, and the axial height of the circular shaft is 700 mm.
(10) Design of the axial feed rolls 3. The axial feed roller 3 in the scheme (1) is a stepped circular shaft which makes circular motion around the axis of the axial feed roller, and the axis of the stepped circular shaft is horizontal. The small end is a connecting part which is connected with the clamp and has a diameter of 20 mm. The big end is a working part and participates in rolling forming. The diameter of the large end is 220 mm. The axial height is 150 mm.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A large thin-wall outer T-shaped annular component restraining radial axial rolling forming method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, placing the annular preform inside a restraining die, enabling the bottom surface of the annular preform to be in contact with the lower end surface inside the restraining die, placing a radial feed roller inside the annular preform, enabling the outer surface of the radial feed roller to be tangent to the inner surface of the preform, and enabling the bottom surface of the radial feed roller to be flat with the bottom surface of the preform; the end surface of the axial feeding roller is tangent to the outer surface of the prefabricated blank, and the height of the axial distance from the upper surface of the constraint die is greater than that of the boss of the outer T-shaped annular component;
s2, radial rolling; after rolling begins, the restraining die drives the annular prefabricated blank to rotate at a rotating speed omega1Rotating around the axis of the constraining die at a constant speed, and feeding the roller radially at a rotating speed omega2Rotating about its own axis while rotating radially at a speed v1Making a feeding movement, axially feeding the rolls at a speed of rotation omega3Rotating at a constant speed around the axis of the annular preform and performing no translational motion, and under the combined action of the radial feed roller, the restraint die and the axial feed roller, reducing the wall thickness of the annular preform, increasing the axial height and generating an annular boss with a certain height; when the axial height reaches the preset size, the radial feeding roller stops the radial feeding movement; the direction in which the restraint die drives the annular prefabricated blank to rotate is the same as the direction in which the radial feed roller rotates around the axis of the radial feed roller; the rotation directions of the axial feeding roller and the annular prefabricated blank meet the meshing rotation relationship;
s3, axial rolling; the constrained mode continues at the rotation speed omega1Rotating around the axis at a constant speed, keeping the position of the radial feeding roller fixed, and starting to rotate along the axial direction at a speed v while rotating around the axis of the axial feeding roller at a constant speed2Feeding downwards; under the combined action of the radial feeding roller, the restraint die and the axial feeding roller, the height of the annular boss formed in the step S2 is reduced, and the metal starts to flow in the radial direction to increase the diameter of the metal; when the height and the diameter of the boss reach preset sizes, the axial feeding roller stops feeding, the restraint die, the radial feeding roller and the axial feeding roller stop rotating, the radial feeding roller retreats, and the axial feeding roller moves outwards in the radial direction to separate from a forming component;
s4, demolding; the formed member is pushed by demoulding push rods distributed at the lower end of the constraint mould to move upwards to be separated from the constraint mould, and an outer T-shaped annular member is obtained.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the annular preform outer diameter D is the outer diameter of the large thin-walled outer T-shaped ring member restraint diameter axial roll forming2The same outer diameter as the target ring member, inner diameter D1The radial rolling ratio lambda is determined as:
D1＝λ*d1(1)
D2＝d2(2)
the axial height H is:
wherein d is1Is the inner diameter of the outer T-shaped annular member, d2The outer diameter of the lower half part of the outer T-shaped annular member, d3Is the maximum end diameter of the outer T-shaped annular member, d4The outer diameter of the upper half part of the outer T-shaped annular component h1The height of the lower half part of the outer T-shaped annular member, h2Is the height of the boss, h3Is the height of the upper half of the outer T-shaped ring member.
3. The method for axially roll forming the restraining diameter of the large thin-walled outer T-shaped annular member according to claim 1, wherein the restraining die is a stepped ring, the inner surface of the step is matched with the outer surface of the lower half part of the target outer T-shaped annular member, the radial thickness of the horizontal part of the inner surface of the step is larger than the wall thickness of the corresponding annular prefabricated blank, the annular prefabricated blank is completely placed in the stepped restraining die, the outer diameter of the bottom of the restraining die is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the target outer T-shaped annular member, and the bottom of the restraining die is provided with a plurality of through holes distributed circumferentially, and the through holes are used for installing demolding ejector rods.
4. The method for constrained radial axial roll forming of large thin-walled outer T-shaped ring-shaped member as claimed in claim 2, wherein the axial feed roll is a stepped circular shaft with horizontal axis, its large end is a working part participating in axial roll forming, its small end is a connecting part connected with a clamp, the axial feed roll is completely separated from the constrained die, the diameter of the large end of the axial feed roll is greater than the height of the upper half part of the target outer T-shaped ring-shaped member, and the axial height of the large end is greater than the radial thickness of the target outer T-shaped ring-shaped member boss.
5. The method for constrained-diameter axial roll forming of large-scale thin-walled outer T-shaped annular members according to claim 4, wherein the constrained-die rotation speed ω is1With radial feed roller speed omega2The relationship between them is:
constraint mode rotation speed omega1With axial feed roller speed omega3The relationship between them is:
wherein r is1To radially feed the roll radius, r2Is the large end radius of the axial feed roller.
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| CN112296176B (en) * | 2020-10-06 | 2022-06-17 | 武汉理工大学 | Multi-roller flexible growth forming method for thin-wall high-rib array structural member |
| CN113020505B (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2022-07-15 | 武汉理工大学 | Near-net composite rolling method capable of controlling circumferential-axial performance of thin-wall high-thickness rib conical cylinder |
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