CN110328251B - Near-net composite flow forming device and method for annular component with outer ribs - Google Patents
Near-net composite flow forming device and method for annular component with outer ribs Download PDFInfo
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- CN110328251B CN110328251B CN201910542710.XA CN201910542710A CN110328251B CN 110328251 B CN110328251 B CN 110328251B CN 201910542710 A CN201910542710 A CN 201910542710A CN 110328251 B CN110328251 B CN 110328251B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plastic processing, and particularly relates to a near-net composite flow forming device for an annular component with an outer rib, which comprises a support, a feeding component and a rotating component, wherein the support comprises an upper cross beam and a lower cross beam which are arranged up and down; the feeding component comprises a hydraulic machine arranged on an upper beam, a movable beam is arranged at the lower end of the hydraulic machine, a feeding shaft is arranged on the lower surface of the movable beam, and a circle of balls are arranged on the circumferential direction of the feeding shaft; the rotating part comprises a rotating workbench arranged on the lower cross beam, a die holder is arranged on the rotating workbench, a die matched with the target ring in shape is arranged on the die holder, and the die is located right below the feed shaft. The invention effectively avoids the defects of insufficient strength, low material utilization rate, high manufacturing cost and the like caused by the traditional process; the manufacturing efficiency and the product performance are improved, and the forming objects are enlarged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plastic processing, and particularly relates to a near-net composite flow forming device and method for an annular component with an outer rib.
Background
The complex annular member with external ribs is a special-shaped section annular member with a complex structure such as longitudinal ribs, crossed grid ribs and the like on the outer surface, mainly uses light high-strength materials such as aluminum alloy and the like, and is widely applied to the aerospace industry, the civil industry and the national defense industry. The traditional manufacturing method of the complex component is to form the ring with the rectangular cross section first and then cut and process the ribbed structure on the outer surface, so that the problems of large material waste, low processing efficiency and the like are caused. Therefore, near-net-shape forming is an important development in the manufacture of such components, and precision casting and precision extrusion are two common near-net-shape forming methods. When the complex parts are formed by precision casting, a casting system is complex, the process conditions are difficult to control, the defects of insufficient filling, shrinkage porosity and the like are easy to occur, and the mechanical property of the product is poor; the mechanical property of the product can be improved by adopting precision extrusion forming and plastic strengthening, but the die has complex structure, large forming force and high manufacturing cost. The ball spinning process is a new method for forming ribbed annular member, i.e. it utilizes the tangential rotation and axial feed of ball, and under the action of die limitation it can make the wall thickness of blank be reduced and can make the material be filled into ribbed position. However, the radial flowing capacity of metal is limited only by the tangential rotation of the balls, metal in a non-rib area is difficult to flow to a rib area, and near-net forming of a ribbed annular component with large rib height and complex structure is still difficult to realize. Therefore, a new method is urgently needed to be developed to realize the near-net forming of the complex annular component with the outer ribs and improve the manufacturing capacity of the special annular component for aerospace and weaponry in China.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a near-net composite flow forming device and a near-net composite flow forming method for an annular component with an outer rib, which effectively avoid the defects of insufficient strength, low material utilization rate, high manufacturing cost and the like caused by the traditional process; the manufacturing efficiency and the product performance are improved, and the forming objects are enlarged.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a nearly net compound flow forming device of outer muscle annular member, includes the support, the support includes upper beam 11 and bottom end rail 24 of arranging from top to bottom, connects through stand 5 between upper beam 11 and the bottom end rail 24, its characterized in that: the device also comprises a feeding component and a rotating component;
the feeding component comprises a hydraulic machine 12 arranged on an upper beam 11, a movable beam 10 is arranged at the lower end of the hydraulic machine 12, a feeding shaft 13 is arranged on the lower surface of the movable beam 10, and a circle of balls 8 are circumferentially arranged on the feeding shaft 13;
the rotating part comprises a rotating workbench 20 arranged on a lower cross beam 24, a die holder 18 is arranged on the rotating workbench 20, a die 16 matched with the target ring 27 in shape is arranged on the die holder 18, and the die 16 is positioned right below the feed shaft 13.
Further, the forming device also comprises a discharging part, wherein the discharging part comprises an air cylinder 1 and a plurality of ejector rods 4, a plurality of vertical blind holes are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction of the die holder 18, one ejector rod 4 is installed in each blind hole, and the ejector rods 4 are positioned right below the target ring piece 27; the bottoms of the blind holes are communicated and are communicated with the cylinder 1.
Further, the feeding shaft 13 is sequentially sleeved with a cushion block 14, a conical ring 9, a ball die holder 7 and a nut 6 from top to bottom, and balls 8 are installed in the ball die holder 7.
Further, the rotary table 20 is mounted on a lower cross beam 24 through a thrust ball bearing 22 and a deep groove ball bearing 23, a rotary shaft 21 is arranged at the center of the rotary table 20, and the rotary shaft 21 is connected with a motor 26 through a coupling 25.
A near-net composite flow forming method for an annular component with an outer rib is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, designing a blank: designing the size of the blank 17 according to the geometric size of the target ring 27;
s2, designing a die: designing any near-net composite flow forming device with the external rib annular member, designing a female die 16 according to the shape of the target ring 27, and installing a blank 17 in the female die 16;
s3, flow forming:
s301, radial flow: the position of a groove in the female die 16 is adjusted to correspond to the ball 8, the feeding part is pressed downwards, and the ball 8 enables metal in all rib areas of the blank 17 to flow into the groove;
s302, tangential flow: determining the number of the balls 8, the number of passes and the reduction amount of each pass according to the structure and the size of the target ring piece 27, and starting the motor 26 and the hydraulic machine 12 to respectively drive the rotary worktable 20 to rotate and drive the feeding shaft 13 to feed downwards to complete the first pass of tangential flow;
s303, adjusting the pressing position of the cushion block 14 to change the radial position of the ball 8 on the feeding shaft 13, changing the thinning amount, setting the second pass thinning amount, and repeating the step S302 to realize the second pass thinning;
s304, repeating the step S303 to finish multi-pass spinning until the target ring piece 27 is formed;
and S4, demolding and taking materials.
Further, step S4, stripping and reclaiming:
s401, keeping the motor 26 to rotate, enabling the movable cross beam to return upwards to an initial position, closing the motor, and enabling the feeding component to be separated;
s402, opening a switch of the air cylinder 1, driving the ejector rod 4 to move upwards to eject the target ring piece 27 out of the female die 16.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention improves the metal flowing state and the flowing filling capacity of metal to the ribbed part by radial and tangential composite flow forming, can realize the near-net forming of the annular component with a complex ribbed structure, obviously improves the material utilization rate, and obtains compact and complete streamline distribution so as to greatly improve the mechanical property of the part. The invention effectively avoids the defects of insufficient strength, low material utilization rate, high manufacturing cost and the like caused by the traditional process; the manufacturing efficiency and the product performance are improved, and the forming objects are enlarged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a near net composite flow forming apparatus with an annular member having fins.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the feeding member.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view one (initial state) of the discharging part.
Fig. 4 is a second schematic view (end state) of the discharge section.
Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of the target ring.
Figure 6 is a schematic top view of the target ring.
Fig. 7 is a schematic top view of the female mold.
Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a blank.
Figure 9 is a schematic view of ball radial flow.
Figure 10 is a schematic view of the tangential flow of the balls.
Reference numerals: 1-a cylinder; 2-a push rod; 3-a sleeve; 4-a top rod; 5-upright column; 6-a nut; 7-a ball die holder; 8-a ball bearing; 9-a conical ring; 10-a movable beam; 11-an upper beam; 12-a hydraulic press; 13-a feed shaft; 14-a cushion block; a 15-bond; 16-a female die; 17-blank; 18-a female die holder; 19-a chuck; 20-a rotary table; 21-a rotating shaft; 22-thrust ball bearing; 23-deep groove ball bearing; 24-a lower cross beam; 25-a coupler; 26-an electric motor; 27-target ring.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the following examples and accompanying drawings.
Example one
The near-net composite flow forming device for the annular member with the outer ribs comprises a support, wherein the support comprises an upper cross beam 11 and a lower cross beam 24 which are arranged up and down, and the upper cross beam 11 and the lower cross beam 24 are connected through an upright post 5; the device also comprises a feeding part, a rotating part and a discharging part;
the feeding component comprises a hydraulic machine 12 arranged on an upper beam 11, a movable beam 10 is arranged at the lower end of the hydraulic machine 12, a feeding shaft 13 is arranged on the lower surface of the movable beam 10, and a circle of balls 8 are circumferentially arranged on the feeding shaft 13; the feeding shaft 13 is sequentially sleeved with a cushion block 14, a conical ring 9, a ball die holder 7 and a nut 6 from top to bottom, balls 8 are arranged in the ball die holder 7, and the conical ring 9, the ball die holder 7 and the feeding shaft 13 are connected through a key 15; the position of the ball is adjusted by selecting different sizes.
The rotating part comprises a rotating workbench 20 arranged on a lower cross beam 24, a die holder 18 is arranged on the rotating workbench 20, a die 16 matched with the target ring 27 in shape is arranged on the die holder 18, and the die 16 is positioned right below the feed shaft 13; the rotary worktable 20 is arranged on a lower cross beam 24 through a thrust ball bearing 22 and a deep groove ball bearing 23, the rotary worktable 20 is provided with a rotary shaft 21 at the center, and the rotary shaft 21 is connected with a motor 26 through a coupling 25.
The discharging part comprises an air cylinder 1 and a plurality of ejector rods 4, a plurality of vertical blind holes are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction of the die holder 18, one ejector rod 4 is installed in each blind hole, and each ejector rod 4 is located right below the target ring piece 27; the bottoms of the blind holes are communicated and connected with the cylinder 1 through the push rod 2 and the sleeve 3, and when the blind hole ejecting device is used, the cylinder 1 is ventilated to push the ejector rod 4 to ascend so as to eject the target ring piece 27.
A near-net composite flow forming method for an annular component with an outer rib comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a blank: designing the size of the blank 17 according to the geometric size of the target ring 27;
the blank 17 is in a cylindrical structure, and the outer diameter R of the target ring member 272Equal to the outer diameter B of the blank 172(ii) a The thinning rate a is 60 to 80 percent;
inner diameter of blank B1And the inner diameter R of the target part1The relationship between
The volume V of the blank can be obtained by mathematical calculation1＝(πB2 2-πB1 2)H1；
Target part volume V2＝[π(R2-R1)2+ns]H2；
Wherein n is the number of the outer ribs, S is the cross section area of the outer ribs, H1 and H2The height of the blank 17 and the target ring 27, respectively; based on the principle of volume invariance: the total volume of the target ring 27 is equal to the total volume of the blank 17, and can be determined according to the height H of the target ring 272Finding H1。
S2, designing a die: designing a near-net composite flow forming device for the annular member with the outer ribs, designing a female die 16 according to the shape of the target ring 27, and installing a blank 17 in the female die 16;
s3, flow forming:
s301, radial flow: the position of a groove in the female die 16 is adjusted to correspond to the ball 8, the feeding part is pressed downwards, and the ball 8 enables metal in all rib areas of the blank 17 to flow into the groove; two balls 8 are placed along the diameter direction of the ball die holder 7, and the rotating table 20 is locked after the balls 8 are adjusted to correspond to the grooves; opening the hydraulic press 12, feeding the movable beam 10 downwards to a final state, enabling the metal in the rib area to flow into the groove, and returning and withdrawing the movable beam 10 to an initial position; adjusting the rotary worktable 20, repeating the above process until each rib area is preformed and the radial flow is completed;
s302, tangential flow: determining the number of the balls 8, the number of passes and the reduction amount of each pass according to the structure and the size of the target ring piece 27, starting the motor 26 and the hydraulic machine 12 to respectively drive the rotary worktable 20 to rotate and drive the feeding shaft 13 to feed downwards to complete the first pass of tangential flow, returning the feeding shaft 13 upwards to the initial position, and closing the hydraulic machine 12 and the motor 26;
s303, adjusting the pressing position of the cushion block 14 to change the radial position of the ball 8 on the feed shaft 13 (when the cushion block 14 is thickened, the ball 8 is pressed downwards by the conical ring 9 to be wider), changing the thinning amount, setting the second pass thinning amount, and repeating the step S302 to realize the second pass thinning; the ball 8 is arranged in the ball die holder 7, and the axial position of the ball is adjusted by the up-and-down movement of the nut 6; the ball die holder 7 moves up and down until the balls 8 contact with the conical ring 9 to limit the radial position of the conical ring, and when the movable cross beam 10 feeds the balls 8 to contact with the blank 17, the balls 8 are completely fixed; the radial position of the ball 8 can be adjusted and the thinning amount of each pass can be changed under the condition of not disassembling the die, so that multi-pass spinning is completed;
after the sizes of all parts are designed, firstly, a cushion block 14, a conical ring 9, a ball die holder 7, balls 8 and a nut 6 are sequentially sleeved on a central shaft 13, and the conical ring 9 and the ball die holder 7 are fixed through a key 15. Assuming that the inclination angle of the conical ring 9 is alpha and the radius of the ball 8 is r, the t value can be measured to determine the radial position of the ball and the single-pass reduction amount thereof, and the relationship between the conical axial ring position and the radial position of the ball is as follows according to the mathematical relationship:
X＝r(cotα+cosαcotα)+(t0-t)cotα+rsinα
wherein: t is the distance between the A, B planes in FIG. 2 (measured as installed), r is the radius of the ball, X is the distance from the center of the ball to the surface of the central axis, t0＝(t1+t2+t3)，t1Thickness of the spacer, t2Maximum thickness of conical ring, t3-minimum thickness of the ball shoe; from this, Δ t ═ X + r-B can be deduced1Wherein Δ t-reduction; b is1-a blank inner surface radius;
s304, repeating the step S303 to finish multi-pass spinning until the target ring piece 27 is formed;
reasonable thinning rate needs to be set, and the total thinning rate is 60-80% for ensuring the product quality and the processing efficiency. The amount of radial flow hold-down should be the same as the amount of thinning in tangential flow. If the thinning amount is larger, multi-pass forming can be adopted, and in the multi-pass processing, the final-pass thinning amount accounts for 20-30% of the total thinning amount;
s4, demolding and taking materials:
s401, keeping the motor 26 to rotate, enabling the movable cross beam to return upwards to an initial position, closing the motor, and enabling the feeding component to be separated;
s402, opening a switch of the cylinder 1 (feeding the push rod 2 in the guide cylinder 3), driving the push rod 4 to move upwards to eject the target ring piece 27 from the female die 16 (closing the cylinder 1, and retreating the push rod 4 to the initial position).
The composite flow forming process belongs to local plastic forming and has the advantages of high material utilization rate, high forming precision, high quality and the like. Compared with ball spinning, the composite flow forming process adopts two modes of radial flow forming and tangential flow forming. The radial flow forming can extrude a part of the thinned metal in the rib area into the key groove to finish the preliminary filling; the other part of the metal is extruded to the two sides of the groove to generate bulging. Meanwhile, the structure of the blank is changed by radial flow forming, and the formed groove enables the deformation resistance of metal circumferential transfer to be smaller, so that radial filling is easier to occur compared with axial flow. The ball transfers non-rib area thinning metal to the rib area in the tangential flow forming process, and is piled up with the raised metal, and then the ball transfers the piled metal to the groove to complete the mold filling. Compared with the ball spinning process, the new process improves the blank structure, reduces the deformation resistance, promotes the tangential and radial flow of metal and can improve the filling effect of the complex annular member.
Example two
Based on the first embodiment, the present embodiment provides a specific embodiment.
S1, designing a blank: designing the size of the blank 17 according to the geometric size of the target ring 27;
target part size of H2＝300mm，R1＝245mm，R2＝250mm，L1＝5mm，L2＝7mm，L310mm, n 20, a 0.7, according to the formula in example one:
the dimensions of the blank are known as:
B1＝233.3mm；B2＝250mm；H1267.8mm, round H1＝270mm。
And designing the size of the mould according to the structural characteristics of the target ring piece. The height H of the die 16 thus takes into account the axial elongation that occurs during the deformation of the blank 173Since the composite flow forming process is a precision machining process, the groove size of the female die 16 is the same as that of the target part, and only proper fillets are arranged at partial positions according to field process conditions, so as to ensure that the size precision of the target ring 27 is the same as that of the target part, which is not described herein again. The surface roughness of the inner surface of the die 16 is to be ra0.8, taking into account both the surface quality of the target ring 27 and the ease of metal flow. The diameter of the balls 8 is chosen to be 20mm, and the number of balls 8 n is 8, taking into account the turning force to which the die is subjected, the filling effect of the target ring and the amount of thinning of the blank 17 in this example.
S2, designing a die: designing a near-net composite flow forming device for the annular member with the outer ribs, designing a female die 16 according to the shape of the target ring 27, and installing a blank 17 in the female die 16;
s3, flow forming:
the rotary table 20 is adjusted to make the balls 8 correspond to the grooves, and the rotary table 20 is locked. The hydraulic press 12 is opened, the mobile beam 10 is fed down to the end of the blank 17 at 1mm/s (final state) and the mobile beam 10 is withdrawn back to the initial position at 100 mm/s. The radial flow forming is completed.
Because the thinning amount is larger, three times of forming are adopted, and the thinning amount of a single forming is 5 mm. And adjusting the position of the ball die holder 7, and determining the position of the ball 8 in the radial direction according to the formula in the first embodiment. Starting a motor 26 to drive the rotary worktable to rotate 20, and setting the rotating speed to be 75 r/s; and simultaneously, starting the hydraulic press 12, feeding the movable beam downwards to the tail end of the blank 17 at the speed of 1mm/s, and returning the movable beam 10 upwards to the initial position at the speed of 10mm/s to finish the first tangential flow forming. Adjusting the position of the ball die holder 7, setting the second to the reduced thickness, and turning off the hydraulic machine 12 and the motor 26 after the second and third times of tangential flow forming are completed according to the steps.
And S4, demolding and taking materials.
The above description is only an application example of the present invention, and certainly, the present invention should not be limited by this application, and therefore, the present invention is still within the protection scope of the present invention by equivalent changes made in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A near-net composite flow forming method for an annular component with an outer rib is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, designing a blank:
designing the size of the blank (17) according to the geometric size of the target ring piece (27);
s2, designing a die:
designing a near-net composite flow forming device for an annular component with an outer rib, designing a female die (16) according to the shape of a target ring piece (27), and installing a blank (17) in the female die (16); the near-net composite flow forming device for the annular component with the outer ribs comprises a support, wherein the support comprises an upper cross beam (11) and a lower cross beam (24) which are arranged up and down, and the upper cross beam (11) and the lower cross beam (24) are connected through an upright post (5); the device also comprises a feeding component and a rotating component; the feeding component comprises a hydraulic machine (12) arranged on an upper cross beam (11), a movable cross beam (10) is arranged at the lower end of the hydraulic machine (12), a feeding shaft (13) is arranged on the lower surface of the movable cross beam (10), and a circle of balls (8) are arranged on the circumferential direction of the feeding shaft (13); the feeding shaft (13) is sequentially sleeved with a cushion block (14), a conical ring (9), a ball bearing die holder (7) and a nut (6) from top to bottom, and balls (8) are arranged in the ball bearing die holder (7); the rotating part comprises a rotating workbench (20) arranged on a lower cross beam (24), a die holder (18) is arranged on the rotating workbench (20), a die (16) matched with the shape of the target ring piece (27) is arranged on the die holder (18), and the die (16) is positioned right below the feed shaft (13); the rotary worktable (20) is mounted on a lower cross beam (24) through a thrust ball bearing (22) and a deep groove ball bearing (23), a rotary shaft (21) is arranged at the center of the rotary worktable (20), and the rotary shaft (21) is connected with a motor (26) through a coupling (25);
s3, flow forming:
s301, radial flow: the position of a groove in the female die (16) is adjusted to correspond to the ball (8), the feeding part is pressed downwards, and the ball (8) enables metal in all rib areas of the blank (17) to flow into the groove;
s302, tangential flow: determining the number of balls (8), the times of the tracks and the reduction amount of each pass according to the structure and the size of a target ring piece (27), starting a motor (26) and a hydraulic machine (12) to respectively drive a rotary worktable (20) to rotate and a feed shaft (13) to feed downwards, and finishing the first pass of tangential flow;
s303, adjusting the pressing position of the cushion block (14), changing the radial position of the ball (8) on the feed shaft (13), changing the thinning amount, setting the second pass thinning amount, and repeating the step S302 to realize the second pass thinning;
s304, repeating the step S303 to finish multi-pass spinning until the target ring piece (27) is formed;
and S4, demolding and taking materials.
2. The near-net composite flow forming method for the annular component with the external ribs according to claim 1, characterized in that the forming device further comprises a discharging part, the discharging part comprises a cylinder (1) and a plurality of ejector rods (4), the die holder (18) is uniformly provided with a plurality of vertical blind holes in the circumferential direction, each blind hole is internally provided with one ejector rod (4), and the ejector rods (4) are positioned under a target annular component (27); the bottoms of the blind holes are communicated and are communicated with the cylinder (1).
3. The near-net composite flow forming method for annular members with external ribs according to claim 2, wherein the step S4 is to strip the film and take out:
s401, keeping the motor (26) to rotate, enabling the movable cross beam to return upwards to an initial position, closing the motor, and enabling the feeding component to be separated;
s402, opening a switch of the air cylinder (1), driving the ejector rod (4) to move upwards, and ejecting the target ring piece (27) from the female die (16).
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| DD137537B1 (en) * | 1978-07-06 | 1981-10-28 | Herbert Hiller | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A THICKKWELLED ROTATION SYMETRIC METALHOLE BODY |
| JPH0716643A (en) * | 1993-07-05 | 1995-01-20 | Toyo Kanetsu Kk | Method and device for forming aluminum material |
| CN1269587C (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2006-08-16 | 张梅珍 | Inner roll forming method and apparatus for knotted metal pipe |
| CN106424188B (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2018-02-02 | 中北大学 | Hollow blank shapes the rotary extradition forming die of large ratio of height to width inner ring muscle |
| CN107138583B (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2018-12-21 | 太原科技大学 | A kind of axial direction carries greatly high speed ball spinning machine |
| CN108580622B (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2020-01-14 | 武汉理工大学 | Design method of in-mold radial extrusion forming process of I-shaped longitudinal rib ring piece |
| CN108607889B (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2019-09-24 | 上海交通大学 | With interior external reinforcing ribs cylindrical member radial direction progressive crush forming process |
| CN108687152B (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-01 | 燕山大学 | A kind of two-way point of mould rotary extradition forming die of inner ring muscle and die sinking method |
| CN108637073B (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2020-09-15 | 武汉理工大学 | Flow forming device and method for thin-wall cylindrical component with internal grid ribs |
| CN109465308B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-06-09 | 中北大学 | Mold with roller for rotationally extruding inner ribs and forming method of mold |
| CN109590348A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-04-09 | 中北大学 | A kind of more inner ring muscle rotary extradition forming dies of cylindrical member |
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