CN102873511A - Method for radially rolling and forming ring piece with three steps and complicated section - Google Patents
Method for radially rolling and forming ring piece with three steps and complicated section Download PDFInfo
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- CN102873511A CN102873511A CN2012103701362A CN201210370136A CN102873511A CN 102873511 A CN102873511 A CN 102873511A CN 2012103701362 A CN2012103701362 A CN 2012103701362A CN 201210370136 A CN201210370136 A CN 201210370136A CN 102873511 A CN102873511 A CN 102873511A
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001808 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 101700050571 SUOX Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000008425 Protein Deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for radially rolling and forming a ring piece with three steps and a complicated section. The method includes sawing a cylindrical bar into a material section with a proper size, uniformly heating the material section so that the temperature of the material section is increased from the room temperature to the austenite temperature, keeping the austenite temperature of the material section for a certain period, performing rounding, heading and die forging for the material section to obtain a pre-forged piece with concave holes at two ends, finally piecing the middle of the pre-forged piece and punching a slug of the pre-forged piece to obtain an annular blank for rolling; feeding the blank into a furnace to heat the blank, taking out the blank from the furnace after the temperature of the blank reaches the target temperature and the target temperature of the blank is kept for a certain period, placing the blank into a closed hole pattern of a radial ring rolling mill to perform rolling and forming for the blank and repeatedly rotationally rolling the blank to enable to the blank to deform so as to obtain an annular forged piece with the specified shape, the specified size, three steps and a complicated section; and performing normalizing and tempering heat treatment for the forged piece to guarantee the mechanical property of the forged piece and finally cutting and processing the forged piece to form the finished ring piece. A near-net-shape precise forming mode is adopted, follow-up machining allowance is small, utilization rate of materials is high, forging heating number is reduced, energy consumption is saved, and the method has the advantages of high production efficiency and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of ring parts rolling forming, particularly a kind of complex section Ring Radial Rolling manufacturing process that has three steps.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of China's industry, the required large-scale and complex section annular element quantity of industry such as rolling stock, large size bearing, heavy electric machinery, petrochemical industry, machinery, wind-power electricity generation, ocean engineering sharply increase, and adopt the method productions such as flat-die forging, steel plate cutting or roll bending welding, far be not suitable with the needs of industrial development.In recent years, the domestic and international extensive rolling method of rolling that adopts is produced annular element, and its efficient is high, the saving material, the advanced technologies method of be less, nothing being cut.Countries in the world conduct extensive research production and the processing technology of annular element at present, and the annular element size range that can make constantly enlarges, and cross sectional shape is more complicated, and material is selected constantly to increase, and is also more and more higher to the manufacturing process requirement.
Ring parts rolling forming is the plastic history of a complexity, and the factor that affects its shaping mainly contains mold shape, blank shape, material behavior, rolling temperature and technological parameter etc.If Blank Design is unreasonable, the material selection is improper, technological parameter is unreasonable, the meeting products waste, the waste material strengthens cost.At present, the application of ring rolling mainly is based on the rolling square-section ring of Single Size Rectangular Blanks.Compare with the square-section ring, usually occur the defective workmanships such as cross section profile is not fully filled, pulling-down, dish in the complex section ring rolling process.
At present, the complex section ring that has a step adopts radial rolling to add machine cut processing to unite and finish usually, namely adopt the rolling blank of rectangle of regular shape, by designing suitable rolling blank dimension, roll out the square-section ring that approaches with the final products shape, by machine cut the square-section ring is processed into required complex section ring again, its work flow is: (1) pier is thick; (2) punching; (3) radial rolling; (4) planar end surface; (5) heat treatment; (6) machine cut processing.The subject matter that this explained hereafter has the complex section ring of step is: (1) allowance is large, and stock utilization is low; (2) production efficiency is low, and labour intensity is large; (3) ring rolling ring-rolling process moderate heat is inferior many, and forging needs repeatedly heating, and energy consumption is high; (4) rolling ring-rolling precision is low, and geomery is difficult to assurance, and percent defective is high; (5) production cost is high.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cost low, a kind of complex section Ring Radial Rolling manufacturing process that has three steps that production efficiency is high, the method can significantly improve stock utilization, reduces the forging times energy savings.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of complex section Ring Radial Rolling manufacturing process that has three steps may further comprise the steps:
(1) cylindrical bar sawing is become the material section of appropriate size;
(2) with above-mentioned material section heating austenitizing and insulation, be forged into the rolling ring blank of using in the heat distortion temperature interval;
(3) with above-mentioned ring blank heating austenitizing and insulation, put into radially machine for rolling ring enclosed pass roll forming;
(4) with above-mentioned forging normalizing, tempering heat treatment;
(5) forging after the above-mentioned heat treatment is processed into product through machine cut.
Blanking material segment length described in the step (1) is L=(2～5) B, and B is the axial dimension of annular forging piece, and material section diameter is determined according to the long-pending condition that equates of ring forging volume and material segment body.
The described austenitizing temperature of step (2) is 1200 ℃～1250 ℃, and the austenitizing temperature retention time is 90～150 minutes, and described forging heat distortion temperature interval is 800 ℃～1250 ℃.
The described material section of step (2) is made the rolling ring blank of using through round as a ball, jumping-up, die forging, punching, punching the wad; The axial dimension of described ring blank is B
0=B, the diameter of bore of ring blank are d
0=d/k, rolling than k=1.5～4, d is ring forging diameter of bore; Determine blanking inner hole step axial height m according to ring forging endoporus step dimension
0=m, radial height n
0=(0.7～1) n, wherein m and n be respectively ring forging endoporus Step Shaft to and radial height, equate to determine the ring blank D outer diameter with the ring blank volume according to ring forging volume
0D is the external diameter of ring forging.
The described austenitizing temperature of step (3) is 1200 ℃～1250 ℃, and the austenitizing temperature retention time is 30～60 minutes; Radially enclosed roll forming temperature range is 850 ℃～1250 ℃; Adopt closed pass, core roller surface has the groove consistent with ring endoporus step dimension, and the driven roller surface has the boss with the outer step dimension coupling of ring, and the inside and outside step of ring little by little is full of pass simultaneously in the radial rolling process; The operation of rolling arranges guide roller, establishes boss on its surface, and the contact-making surface that makes itself and ring is outside two of rings between the step.
The described radial rolling of step (3) is shaped, rolling in radially feed speed be calculated as follows:
V is radial feed speed in the formula; n
1Be the driven roller rotating speed; R
1, R
2Be respectively core roller working face radius corresponding to bore portion in driven roller working face radius and the ring blank; R and r are respectively ring forging outer radius and inside radius; F is the coefficient of friction between ring and rolling groove, f=0.2～0.4.
The described heat treatment of step (4) is comprised of normalizing, tempering, and normalizing is heated to first 610 ℃～650 ℃, and temperature retention time is 50～110 minutes, and then is heated to 880 ℃～920 ℃, is incubated and comes out of the stove after 70～180 minutes, and air cooling is to room temperature; Temperature is 570 ℃～630 ℃, and the time is 170～380 minutes, after come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature.
The described machining device therefor of step (5) is vertical lathe.
Key point of the present invention is to guarantee to have the complex section ring shape of three steps.Therefore, note following some.
For the ease of roll forming, want the rolling blank geometric accuracy of using of strict guarantee when forging base, eliminate the defectives such as ring blank inner eccentric holes, surperficial tup seal, punching burr.Forge base through round as a ball, jumping-up, die forging, punching, punching the wad operation, by requirement in the step (2), the axial dimension B of strict guarantee blank
0, the diameter of bore d of blank
0, blanking inner hole step axial height m
0, blanking inner hole step radial height n
0With the ring blank D outer diameter
0
The radially enclosed roll forming of step (3) ring blank, ring and roll shop building keep good lubricating in the operation of rolling, footpath roll forming has the guide roller assurance operation of rolling steadily to carry out, under the rolling motion of the rotation of driven roller and straight-line feed motion effect, the ring blank closed type that driven roller and core roller consist of of nipping continuously, the continuous local plastic distortion that produce that wall thickness reduces, enlarged-diameter, section of outline is shaped.For guarantee to forge thoroughly and reduce the distortion of end face fish tail, adopt rollingly than roughing feed speed that is fast feed during Ring Radial Rolling is shaped, rolling feed speed numerical value is undertaken by step (3) requirement.
The present invention adopts closed pass, and core roller surface has the groove consistent with ring endoporus step dimension, and the driven roller surface has the boss with the outer step dimension coupling of ring, and the inside and outside step of ring little by little is full of pass simultaneously in the radial rolling process.The forging that rolling end obtains just can obtain final products through machining seldom, compares conventional method and has saved raw material, has improved production efficiency.By appropriate design ring blank shape and size and rolling working process parameter, so that base is easy, process is steady, has reduced the requirement to equipment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is ring forging structural representation of the present invention
Fig. 2 is ring blank structural representation of the present invention
Fig. 3 is radially enclosed rolling principle figure of ring of the present invention
Fig. 4 is guide roller structural representation of the present invention
The specific embodiment:
Describe the specific embodiment in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, shown in accompanying drawing 1-4.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of complex section Ring Radial Rolling manufacturing process that has three steps, the ring material is the Q345E steel, require the ring forging ' s block dimension of roll forming to be: ring forging D outer diameter is
Ring forging diameter of bore d is
Ring forging axial height B is 400mm, and ring forging internal control step axial dimension footpath m is 200mm, and ring forging endoporus step radial dimension n is 150mm, and the outer step axial dimension h of ring forging is 50mm, and the outer step radial dimension p of ring forging is 80mm.Its step is as follows:
(1) cylindrical Q345E bar sawing is become the material section, the material segment length is L=3B=1200mm, and B is the axial dimension of annular forging piece, and material section diameter equates that with the material segment body is long-pending condition is defined as 1050mm according to ring forging volume.
(2) section of expecting slowly is heated to 1245 ℃ of austenitizing temperatures, the austenitizing temperature retention time is 110 minutes, take out after reaching setting-up time, 1210 ℃ of heat distortion temperature initial forging temperatures, 840 ℃ of final forging temperatures are forged base through round as a ball, jumping-up, die forging, punching, punching the wad operation in this heat distortion temperature interval; Want the rolling blank geometric accuracy of using of strict guarantee when forging base, guarantee the axial dimension B of blank
0Be 400mm, the blanking inner hole diameter d
0Be 1200mm (k=2) blanking inner hole step axial dimension m
0Be 200mm, endoporus step radial dimension n
0Be 120mm, equate with the blank volume that according to ring forging volume condition determines that the blank D outer diameter is 2052mm.
(3) ring blank is put into heating furnace and be heated to 1250 ℃, be incubated taking-up in 55 minutes, put into radially machine for rolling ring enclosed pass roll forming, 1220 ℃ of heat distortion temperature initial forging temperatures, 840 ℃ of final forging temperatures, the radial feed speed v=1.8mm/s of employing.Ring and roll shop building keep good lubricating in the operation of rolling, pass through radial rolling, make the ring blank wall thickness and reduce highly simultaneously, inner and outer diameter enlarges, cross section profile is shaped, when ring when too much turning rolling deformation and diameter and highly all reaching preliminary dimension, become the complex section annular forging piece that has three steps of regulation geomery.
Radially enclosed roll forming is as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4 for ring blank, under the rolling motion of the rotation of driven roller 1 and straight-line feed motion effect, ring blank 2 rolling groove that driven roller 1 and core roller 3 consists of of nipping continuously, the moulding distortion of continuous and local that produce that wall thickness reduces, enlarged-diameter, section of outline is shaped.By turning the repeat-rolling distortion more, when making the ring blank enlarged-diameter to desired value, then reach the ring forging of regulation geomery (being preliminary dimension), at this moment the ring rolling process finishes.The effect of guide roller 4 is to guarantee that the operation of rolling is steady among Fig. 4, establishes boss on its surface, and the contact-making surface that makes itself and ring is outside two of rings between the step.
(4) forge after-baking and be comprised of normalizing, tempering, it is 90 minutes that normalizing is heated to first 620 ℃ of temperature retention times, and then is heated to 910 ℃, is incubated to come out of the stove after 170 minutes, and air cooling is to room temperature; Temperature is 610 ℃, and the time is 350 minutes, after come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature.
(5) forging after the heat treatment is carried out machining with vertical lathe, meet the requirements of size.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of complex section Ring Radial Rolling manufacturing process that has three steps, the ring material is the Q345E steel, require the ring forging ' s block dimension of roll forming to be: ring forging D outer diameter is
Ring forging diameter of bore d is
Ring forging axial height B is 300mm, and ring forging endoporus step axial dimension footpath m is 100mm, and ring forging endoporus step radial dimension n is 60mm, and the outer step axial dimension h of ring forging is 50mm, and the outer step radial dimension p of ring forging is 60mm.Its step is as follows:
(1) cylindrical Q345E bar sawing is become the material section, the material segment length is L=4B=1200mm, and B is the axial dimension of annular forging piece, and material section diameter equates that with the material segment body is long-pending condition is defined as 650mm according to ring forging volume.
(2) section of expecting slowly is heated to 1250 ℃ of austenitizing temperatures, the austenitizing temperature retention time is 85 minutes, take out after reaching setting-up time, 1220 ℃ of heat distortion temperature initial forging temperatures, 830 ℃ of final forging temperatures are forged base through round as a ball, jumping-up, die forging, punching, punching the wad operation in this heat distortion temperature interval; Want the rolling blank geometric accuracy of using of strict guarantee when forging base, guarantee the axial dimension B of blank
0Be 300mm, the blanking inner hole diameter d
0Be 760mm (k=2.5) blanking inner hole step axial dimension m
0Be 100mm, endoporus step radial dimension n
0Be 50mm, equate with the blank volume that according to ring forging volume condition determines the blank D outer diameter
0Be 1184mm.
(3) ring blank is put into heating furnace and be heated to 1245 ℃, be incubated taking-up in 50 minutes, put into radially machine for rolling ring enclosed pass roll forming, 1215 ℃ of heat distortion temperature initial forging temperatures, 850 ℃ of final forging temperatures, the radial feed speed v=2.4mm/s of employing.Other steps are with embodiment 1.
(4) forge after-baking and be comprised of normalizing, tempering, it is 75 minutes that normalizing is heated to first 640 ℃ of temperature retention times, and then is heated to 890 ℃, is incubated to come out of the stove after 140 minutes, and air cooling is to room temperature; Temperature is 600 ℃, and the time is 250 minutes, after come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature.
(5) forging after the heat treatment is carried out machining with vertical lathe, meet the requirements of size.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of complex section Ring Radial Rolling manufacturing process that has three steps, the ring material is the Q345E steel, require the ring forging ' s block dimension of roll forming to be: ring forging D outer diameter is
Ring forging diameter of bore d is
Ring forging axial height B is 100mm, and ring forging endoporus step axial dimension footpath m is 50mm, and ring forging endoporus step radial dimension n is 30mm, and the outer step axial dimension h of ring forging is 25mm, and the outer step radial dimension p of ring forging is 20mm.Its step is as follows:
(1) cylindrical Q345E bar sawing is become the material section, the material segment length is L=3.5B=350mm, and B is the axial dimension of annular forging piece, and material section diameter equates that with the material segment body is long-pending condition is defined as 380mm according to ring forging volume.
(2) section of expecting slowly is heated to 1250 ℃ of austenitizing temperatures, the austenitizing temperature retention time is 80 minutes, take out after reaching setting-up time, 1230 ℃ of heat distortion temperature initial forging temperatures, 850 ℃ of final forging temperatures are forged base through round as a ball, jumping-up, die forging, punching, punching the wad operation in this heat distortion temperature interval; Want the rolling blank geometric accuracy of using of strict guarantee when forging base, guarantee the axial dimension B of blank
0Be 100mm, the blanking inner hole diameter d
0Be 700mm (k=2) blanking inner hole step axial dimension m
0Be 100mm, endoporus step radial dimension n
0Be 25mm, equate with the blank volume that according to ring forging volume condition determines the blank D outer diameter
0Be 987mm.
(3) ring blank is put into heating furnace and be heated to 1250 ℃, be incubated taking-up in 35 minutes, put into radially machine for rolling ring enclosed pass roll forming, 1220 ℃ of heat distortion temperature initial forging temperatures, 850 ℃ of final forging temperatures, the radial feed speed v=2.8mm/s of employing.Other steps are with embodiment 1.
(4) forge after-baking and be comprised of normalizing, tempering, it is 50 minutes that normalizing is heated to first 610 ℃ of temperature retention times, and then is heated to 890 ℃, is incubated to come out of the stove after 100 minutes, and air cooling is to room temperature; Temperature is 610 ℃, and the time is 200 minutes, after come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature.
(5) forging after the heat treatment is carried out machining with vertical lathe, meet the requirements of size.
Claims (8)
1. complex section Ring Radial Rolling manufacturing process that has three steps is characterized in that realizing according to the following steps:
(1) cylindrical bar sawing is become the material section of appropriate size;
(2) with above-mentioned material section heating austenitizing and insulation, be forged into the rolling ring blank of using in the heat distortion temperature interval;
(3) with above-mentioned ring blank heating austenitizing and insulation, put into radially machine for rolling ring enclosed pass roll forming;
(4) with above-mentioned forging normalizing, tempering heat treatment;
(5) forging after the above-mentioned heat treatment is processed into product through machine cut.
2. a kind of complex section Ring Radial Rolling manufacturing process that has three steps according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, blanking material segment length described in the step (1) is L=(2～5) B, B is the axial dimension of annular forging piece, and material section diameter is determined according to the long-pending condition that equates of ring forging volume and material segment body.
3. a kind of complex section Ring Radial Rolling manufacturing process that has three steps according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described austenitizing temperature of step (2) is 1200 ℃～1250 ℃, the austenitizing temperature retention time is 90～150 minutes, and described forging heat distortion temperature interval is 800 ℃～1250 ℃.
4. a kind of complex section Ring Radial Rolling manufacturing process that has three steps according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described material section of step (2) is made the rolling ring blank of using through round as a ball, jumping-up, die forging, punching, punching the wad operation; The axial dimension of described ring blank is B
0=B, the diameter of bore of ring blank are d
0=d/k, rolling than k=1.5～4, d is ring forging diameter of bore; Determine blanking inner hole step axial height m according to ring forging endoporus step dimension
0=m, radial height n
0=(0.7～1) n, wherein m and n be respectively ring forging endoporus Step Shaft to and radial height, equate to determine the ring blank D outer diameter with the ring blank volume according to ring forging volume
0
5. a kind of complex section Ring Radial Rolling manufacturing process that has three steps according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described austenitizing temperature of step (3) is 1200 ℃～1250 ℃, and the austenitizing temperature retention time is 30～60 minutes; Radially enclosed roll forming temperature range is 850 ℃～1250 ℃; The closed pass of rolling employing, core roller surface have the groove consistent with ring endoporus step dimension, and the driven roller surface has the boss with the outer step dimension coupling of ring, and the inside and outside step of ring little by little is full of pass simultaneously in the radial rolling process; The operation of rolling arranges guide roller, establishes boss on its surface, and the contact-making surface that makes itself and ring is outside two of rings between the step.
6. a kind of complex section Ring Radial Rolling manufacturing process that has three steps according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described radial rolling of step (3) is shaped, rolling in radially feed speed be calculated as follows:
V is radial feed speed in the formula; n
1Be the driven roller rotating speed; R
1, R
2Be respectively core roller working face radius corresponding to bore portion in driven roller working face radius and the ring blank; R and r are respectively ring forging outer radius and inside radius; F is the coefficient of friction between ring and rolling groove, f=0.2～0.4.
7. a kind of complex section Ring Radial Rolling manufacturing process that has three steps according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described heat treatment of step (4) is comprised of normalizing, tempering, normalizing is heated to first 610 ℃～650 ℃, temperature retention time is 50～110 minutes, and then be heated to 880 ℃～920 ℃, and being incubated and coming out of the stove after 70～180 minutes, air cooling is to room temperature; Temperature is 570 ℃～630 ℃, and the time is 170～380 minutes, after come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature.
8. a kind of complex section Ring Radial Rolling manufacturing process that has three steps according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described machining device therefor of step (5) is vertical lathe.
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| CN111085638B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-03-29 | 宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司 | Rolling forming method of T-shaped section full-fiber gear ring |
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