CN110475572A - 基于hdac抑制剂的抗体药物缀合物(adc)和在疗法中的用途 - Google Patents
基于hdac抑制剂的抗体药物缀合物(adc)和在疗法中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及新的基于组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂(HDACi)的抗体药物缀合物,特别是与针对ErbB1、ErbB2、ErbB3受体的抗体缀合的抗体药物缀合物,涉及包含所述抗体的药物组合物,以及它们在治疗癌症或肿瘤以及其中调节一种或多种组蛋白脱乙酰基酶同种型可以有效用于治疗干预的其他疾病中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新的基于组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂(HDACi)的抗体药物缀合物,其用于治疗增殖性疾病。本发明特别涉及包含针对ErbB1、ErbB2、ErbB3受体或相关分子靶标的抗体的抗体-药物-缀合物。本发明还提供了抗体-药物-缀合物所包含的新的HDAC抑制剂药物。此外,本发明涉及ADC药物组合物及其在治疗癌症或肿瘤以及其中调节一种或多种组蛋白脱乙酰基酶同种型可以有效用于治疗干预的其他疾病中的用途。
发明背景
医学研究集中于治疗癌症、神经障碍、炎症性疾病和病毒感染的个性化医疗。当今,关于遗传变异与人类疾病之间联系的知识可以更好地理解它们的病因。
表观遗传畸变可通过表观遗传调节蛋白的功能获得或丧失而促成上述人类疾病的发生和发展(Berdasco,2013 Hum Genet 132:359-83),因为人类细胞中超过1,750种蛋白质可以通过乙酰化和脱乙酰化在赖氨酸残基上进行翻译后修饰(Choudhary 2009Science 325:834-40)。脱乙酰酶不仅被认为是治疗与癌症相关的异常脱乙酰化、而且也被认为是各种其他疾病如神经系统疾病、炎症、病毒感染和心血管疾病的有价值的靶标(Minucci 2006 Nature Rev Cancer 6:38-51;Glozak 2007 Oncogene 26:5420-32;Zhang2015 Med Res Rev 35:63-84;Dinarello 2010 Mol Med 17:333-52)。
迄今为止,只有极少的HDACi被FDA批准:伏林司他(Merck)用于治疗难治性皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤(CTCL)(Duvic 2007 Blood 109:31-39);罗米地新(Celgene)用于治疗CTCL和外周T细胞淋巴瘤(PTCL)(VanderMolen 2011 J Antibiot(Tokyo)64:525-531),且贝林司他(Spectrum Pharmaceuticals)用于治疗PTCL(West 2014 J Clin Invest 124:30-39)。2015年初,口服帕比司他(Novartis)已获FDA批准,作为患有复发性多发性骨髓瘤的患者的硼替佐米和地塞米松的联合疗法(Garnock-Jones KP(2015)Drugs.75:695-704)。此外,在2015年1月,中国FDA批准了口服可利用的小分子苯甲酰胺HDAC1、2、3和10抑制剂,西达本胺(chidamide)(Shenzhen Chipscreen Biosciences(发明人)授权给HUYA Bioscience)用于治疗结直肠癌和肺癌,以及治疗复发或难治性PTCL(Ruolan Gu,(2015)Journal of Chromatography B,1000:181–186)。
HDAC抑制剂(HDACi)主要作为抗癌剂进行研究,但有越来越多的文献认为HDAC酶在其他疾病中起着至关重要的作用,如神经系统疾病,炎症过程和病毒感染(Dinarello2010 Cell 140:935-950;Gray 2011 Epigenomics 3:431-450;Giannini 2012 FutureMed Chem 4:1439-60)。
WO2015/157595描述了半胱氨酸改造的抗体和异源部分的缀合物。在异源部分中,举出了药物,在药物中,存在组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂(HDAC)。
Choi S等人在J Control.Release 152,增刊1,2011,e9-e10a中描述了通过PLGA纳米粒的与CD7抗体的通用HDACi缀合物。该缀合物能够将HDAC抑制剂递送至人T细胞的一些卵巢CD7受体。该文献未报道任何具体的缀合物。
Battistuzzi G等人在Current Bioactice Compounds 12,2016,282-288中描述了合成HDAC抑制剂的四个步骤,所述HDAC抑制剂为硫醇衍生物。该文献未报道有关使用该化合物获取其他药物化合物的任何信息。
Ai T.等人在Current Med Chem 2012,19,475中报道了HDACi在抗癌及其协同作用中的用途。它报道了HDAC抑制剂衍生物与叶酸、维甲酸、基于铂的药物、蛋白激酶抑制剂和肌苷一磷酸脱氢酶抑制剂。
West A.C.等人在Oncoimmunology 1,2012,376中报道了HDAC抑制剂与免疫刺激抗体的组合作为抗肿瘤药物的用途。
特别地,尤其是在晚期,在肿瘤细胞中的侵袭性恶性肿瘤中发现了HDAC 1、2和3,主要是核,且它们与较差的存活率相关(Gryder 2012 Future Med Chem 4:505-24);HDAC6在胞质中的原代细胞定位调节乙酰化状态,从而调节微管蛋白、HSP90和其他核外蛋白的功能,由此启示其牵涉去除细胞中错误折叠的蛋白质、细胞运动和癌转移潜能(Clawson 2016Ann Transl Med 4:287)。
HDAC同种型(2,3,6,9,10)也牵涉慢性肠道炎症,因此HDAC抑制剂除了肿瘤细胞的凋亡诱导外,还可用于炎症性肠病(Felice 2015 Aliment Pharmacol Ther 41:26-38)。
近期,一种新的基于硫醇的强效泛-HDACi(Giannini 2014 J Med Chem 57:8358-77)已被报道,其中一种有效的HDAC抑制剂ST7612AA1被选为药物候选物,其特征在于对人体实体和血液系统恶性肿瘤的广谱活性。
ST7612AA1表现出抑制几种肿瘤生长的特性,例如Ras-突变结肠癌,即一组强烈增殖的去分化结肠癌,它们与患者存活率降低有关;具有野生型EGFR(和突变型KRAS)和T790EGFR突变的非小细胞肺肿瘤;具有PTEN低水平和ErbB1和ErbB2超表达的卵巢或没有PTEN的卵巢癌;由缺乏雌激素受体、孕酮受体和ErbB2定义的三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC);急性髓性白血病,弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤。此外,ST7612AA1显示调节参与免疫反应和关键致病途径如NF-κB途径和上皮-间质转化(EMT)的一些转录物,由此表明不仅在癌症中而且在炎症性疾病中都表现出相关的意义(Vesci 2015 Onco Target 20:5735-48)。
ST7612AA1的作用针对肿瘤细胞的核和细胞质HDAC同种型发挥作用,导致e-钙粘蛋白、角蛋白和其他典型上皮标志物的转录增加,并且同时下调波形蛋白和与间质表型相关的其他基因。这些数据启示,使用ST7612AA1治疗可能导致有利于细胞分化的“钙粘蛋白转换”和上皮-间质-转化(EMT)过程的逆转。细胞转分化和去分化的能力通过EMT过程在侵袭和转移中起关键作用,并且分化可以用作治疗有效性的另外的预后和预测指标。通过抑制HDAC6,ST7612AA1还能够靶向非组蛋白HDAC底物,例如TP53、α-微管蛋白或参与DNA损伤信号传导、转录因子结合、分子稳态和DNA修复过程的热休克蛋白90(HSP90)。
经证实,ST7612AA1能够诱导HIV再激活,这对于旨在根除病毒储库的新疗法可能是有用的(Badia 2015 Antiviral Res 123:62-9)。
为了改善肿瘤特异性和降低毒性,最近抗体-药物结合物已成为临床验证的癌症治疗方式。虽然已经在治疗血液肿瘤方面取得了相当大的进步,但在更难以治疗的实体癌症中仍存在挑战。
抗体-药物缀合物(ADC)是快速增长的一类癌症药物,其结合了mAb的靶向性质和有效的细胞毒性药物的抗肿瘤作用(Leal M 2014 Ann NY Acad Sci 1321:41-54)。
目前,微管抑制剂是临床验证的ADC有效负载(payload)。Kadcyla(曲妥珠单抗emtansine;Genentech)、Adcetris(brentuximab vedotin;Seattle Genetics)、Besponsa(伊珠单抗奥加米星;Pfizer)和Mylotarg(吉姆单抗奥佐米星;Pfizer)为FDA-批准的ADC治疗剂,且超过40种另外的ADC已进入临床(Okeley 2014 Hematol Oncol Clin North Am28:13-25;Baron 2015 J Oncol Pharm Pract 21:132-42)。
目前在ADC中使用的有效负载是高效的细胞毒性药物,其对生存所需的关键细胞过程发挥作用。高效的微管抑制剂,例如美坦辛衍生物(DM1/DM4)或auristatins(MMAE/MMAF),在当前的ADC领域占据主导地位。它们典型地通过使细胞周期停滞在G2/M,诱导经历有丝分裂的细胞中的凋亡。最近的研究表明,微管抑制剂也可能破坏分裂间期的非分裂细胞。这些发现解释了微管抑制剂如何对缓慢复制或非分裂的肿瘤细胞也具有细胞毒性,因此表现出显著的毒性。ADC中使用的其他类别的细胞毒性药物包括:烯二炔类(加利车霉素),多卡米星衍生物,吡咯并苯并二氮杂卓(PBD)和二氢吲哚并苯并二氮杂卓类,所有这些都针对DNA的小沟;以及喹啉生物碱(SN-38),它们抑制拓扑异构酶I。因此,目前在ADC中使用的大多数有效负载都是非常高效的,通常在皮摩尔范围内具有细胞毒性,这被认为是ADC策略的要求,因为只有极少量(<1%)的ADC注入剂量可定位于肿瘤(Bornstein 2015 AAPSJournal 17:525-34;Casi and Neri 2015 J Med Chem 58:8751-61)。
认为大多数ADC毒性源于由于接头不稳定性而导致的有效负载释放。快速分裂的正常细胞例如排列在消化道内的细胞、毛囊中的细胞和骨髓细胞处于来自释放的微管抑制剂的毒性的风险中,导致胃肠道症状、脱发和骨髓抑制。在不同的有效负载中发现了一些关键的毒性。特别地,MMAE诱发周围神经病变和中性粒细胞减少症;MMAF与血小板减少症和眼部毒性有关;DM1引起胃肠道反应以及血小板减少症和中性粒细胞减少症,这取决于接头和随后的代谢物;眼部毒性是DM4-缀合的ADC最常见的不良反应;加利车霉素导致血小板减少症和肝功能障碍;且来自SN-38缀合的药物的早期适应症表明中性粒细胞减少症是一种常见的毒性。
将下一代ADC毒性降至最低限度的可能策略是选择低毒性的有效负载。
本发明令人惊讶地证明,由抗肿瘤的抗体与具有低毒性的药物例如HDACi缀合制成的抗体-药物-缀合物,可在体内发挥优异的功效。此外,使用表观遗传学调节剂(即HDACi)进行ADC构建代表了该领域中的同类第一的实例。与HDAC抑制剂一样,可使用调节基因表达但不改变DNA碱基序列的其他表观遗传学调节剂,例如DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂(阿扎胞苷和地西他滨)(Pachaiyappan 2014 Bioorg and Med Chem Lett 24:21-32)。
与现有技术的抗体-药物-缀合物相比,该抗体-药物-缀合物还具有良好的在血液和体液中的稳定性和优异的抗癌活性,同时具有低毒性。
因此,本发明的一个目的在于提供一种抗体-药物-缀合物,其包含与抗体缀合的安全的抗癌药物。本发明的另一个目的在于提供制备所述抗体-药物-缀合物(ADC)的方法。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供包含所述抗体-药物-缀合物的药物组合物。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供所述抗体-药物-缀合物,其用于治疗癌症或肿瘤和其中一种或多种组蛋白脱乙基酶同种型的调节可有效用于治疗干预的其它疾病。
具体而言,可能牵涉其他疾病,如代谢紊乱、孤独症或炎症相关疾病,例如肺损伤、自身免疫性疾病、哮喘和2型糖尿病,它们在发生过程中表现出异常的基因表达和表观遗传调控(Samanta 2017 Biochim Biophys Acta 1863:518-28;Akhtar 2013 Plos One 8:e67813;Mei 2014 Neuron 83:27-49)。靶向于DNA甲基化和组蛋白去乙酰化的酶的表观遗传修饰剂可以成为治疗这些疾病发病机理的来源。
发明概述
本发明涉及式(I)的抗体-药物-缀合物
D-(CU)m-(S1)n-L-(S2)o-(CG)p-Ab
(式I)
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中
D为细胞毒性药物(也称作弹头),是组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂药物,其包含苯甲酰胺、异羟肟酸酯或硫醇基团作为锌结合基团(ZBG),
CU为连接单元,其可以不存在或选自:
S1为间隔基且可以不存在或为
L为连接基,其选自(CH2)q-CO、NH-(CH2)r-(PEG)s-(CH2)w-CO、NH-CO-(CH2)r-(PEG)s-X-(CH2)w-CO,其中X可以不存在、为NH或O,q为2-8的整数,r可以不存在或为1-4的整数,s可以不存在或为1-6的整数,且w可以不存在或为1-2的整数,
S2为间隔基且可以不存在或为
CG为缀合至抗体的半胱氨酸硫醇或赖氨酸氨基后形成的连接基,其可以不存在或为如下部分之一:
其中y为0-8的整数
Ab为抗体或其抗原结合片段,且
m、n、o和p表示0或1的整数。
连接基(L)优选自
其中n为2-5的整数。
具体而言,有效负载是连接至适合的连接基/间隔基的毒素(HDAC抑制剂),其末端为适合于缀合至抗体的基团(即马来酰亚胺、NHS酯),并且包含如下式I的部分:
D-(CU)m-(S1)n-L-(S2)o-(CG)’p
式II
在本发明中,式II的有效负载中的(CG)’可以为下式的NHS(N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺)或活化的酰基衍生物(包括五氟苯基酯、对硝基和2,4-二硝基苯酚酯、苯硫酚酯、酰基咪唑、异丁基碳酸酯、三氯苯甲酸酐)或马来酰亚胺-或3-亚甲基琥珀酰亚胺、3,4-二溴马来酰亚胺或{氨基-羰基}-3-丁烯酸:
特别地,本发明涉及ADC,其具有HDAC抑制剂作为弹头,选自基于硫醇的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂,例如ST7464AA1和ST7660AA1(伏林司他的硫醇类似物),具有下式:
或选自基于异羟肟酸的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂(HDACs),例如伏林司他(SAHA)、帕比司他(LBH589)或达西司他(LAQ824),它们具有下式:
或选自基于苯甲酰胺的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂(HDAC),例如恩替司他(MS275),具有下式:
组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂和包含D-(CU)m-(S1)n-L-(S2)-(CG)’p-(式II)的有效负载可以是选自如下的化合物:
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及抗体-药物-缀合物,其中组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂药物和包含结构D-(CU)m-(S1)n-L-(S2)-(CG)’p的有效负载选自:
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及有效负载-药物-缀合物,其中有效负载-药物缀合物选自:
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,抗体-药物-缀合物(ADC)来自1-23的化合物。
在另一个实施方案中,ADC选自由式24-37表示的化合物:
特别优选式24-29的ADC。
本发明的另外的实施方案为其它ADC,其中mAb可以选自本发明中所示的那些之一。
本发明还提供了药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的式I的衍生物与药学上可接受的赋形剂。
药物组合物可以用于肠道或胃肠外施用,其中肠道施用包含口服、气雾剂、直肠或口腔途径,且胃肠外施用包含皮下、肌内或静脉内和皮内途径。
本发明还提供了药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的式I的衍生物与其他已知的抗癌治疗的组合,例如放疗或化疗方案;与以下物质的组合:细胞生长抑制剂或细胞毒性剂、抗生素类药物、烷化剂、抗代谢药、激素药、干扰素类药物、环加氧酶抑制剂(例如COX-2抑制剂)、金属蛋白酶抑制剂、端粒末端转移酶抑制剂、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、抗-生长因子受体药物、抗-HER2剂、抗-EGFR剂、抗-血管发生剂(例如血管发生抑制剂)、法尼基转移酶抑制剂、ras-raf信号转导途径抑制剂。细胞周期抑制剂、其它的细胞周期蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶抑制剂、微管蛋白结合剂、拓扑异构酶I抑制剂、拓扑异构酶II抑制剂等。
另外,本发明提供了一种产品,其包含如上述所定义的式(I)的衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐和一种或多种化疗剂,作为用于同时、分开或依次用于抗癌疗法的组合制剂。
在本发明的另一个方面,提供了如上述所定义的式(I)的衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐,用作药物。
本发明还涉及抗体-药物-缀合物或包含本发明的药物抗体缀合物的药物组合物,其用于治疗癌症或肿瘤。本发明特别地涉及表达ErbB1、ErbB2和/或ErbB3受体的癌症或肿瘤的治疗。根据本发明治疗的癌症的具体实例为癌,包括膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、肾癌、肝癌、肺癌(包含小细胞肺癌)、食道癌、胆囊癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、宫颈癌、甲状腺癌、前列腺癌和皮肤癌,包含鳞状细胞癌;淋巴谱系的血液肿瘤,包括白血病、急性淋巴细胞性白血病、急性淋巴母细胞白血病、B-细胞淋巴瘤、T-细胞淋巴瘤、何杰金氏淋巴瘤、非何杰金淋巴瘤、毛细胞淋巴瘤和伯基特淋巴瘤;骨髓谱系的血液肿瘤,包括急性和慢性髓性白血病、骨髓增生异常综合征和前髓细胞性白血病;间质来源的肿瘤,包括纤维肉瘤和横纹肌肉瘤;中枢和外周神经系统肿瘤,包括星形细胞瘤、神经母细胞瘤、神经胶质瘤和许旺细胞瘤;和其它肿瘤,包括黑素瘤、精细胞瘤、畸胎瘤、骨肉瘤、着色性干皮病、角化棘皮瘤(keratoxanthoma)、甲状腺毛囊癌、卡波西肉瘤和间皮瘤。此外,基于HDACi的ADC所诱导的HIV复活可以潜在地用于新疗法,其目的在于根除病毒储库(Badia 2015 Antiviral Res123:62-9)。在这方面,上述抗体-药物-缀合物可以用作治疗HIV中的辅助治疗剂。
此外,本发明涉及包含所述抗体-药物-缀合物的药物组合物,以及用于治疗表达选自ErbB1、ErbB2或ErbB3的受体的癌症或肿瘤的所述抗体-药物-缀合物或所述药物组合物。
有利作用
本发明的抗体-药物-缀合物比以相同浓度、途径和方案给予的单一抗体和细胞毒性剂更有效。此外,令人惊奇地,缀合至抗体的细胞毒性剂例如HDAC抑制剂以低于最佳剂量导致极为有效的作用,不依赖于连接基或缀合类型(赖氨酸或半胱氨酸)。随后,这些基于HDAC抑制剂的ADC能够以比相应抗体更低的剂量得到抗肿瘤效力,由此导致最低的毒性。
附图简述
图1显示西妥昔单抗(上)及其与有效负载-NHS ST8128AA1(1)的缀合形式ST8154AA1(24)(下)的MALDI质谱。根据质量差计算的DAR为8.9。
图2显示曲妥珠单抗(上)及其与有效负载-NHS ST8128AA1(1)的缀合形式ST8178AA1(27)(下)的MALDI质谱。根据质量差计算的DAR为6.9。
图3显示天然西妥昔单抗和西妥昔单抗-衍生的ADC,ST8154AA1(24)和ST8177AA1(26)(A)或ST8219AA1(37)(B)与不同肿瘤细胞系的结合(FACS分析)。FITC-缀合的小鼠抗-人Ig(BD)检测的抗体结合。灰色峰是指无第一抗体的细胞。
图4显示天然曲妥珠单抗和曲妥珠单抗-衍生的ADC,ST8178AA1(27)和ST8176AA1(28)(A)或ST8205AA1(30)和ST8218AA1(36)(B)与不同肿瘤细胞系的结合(FACS分析)。FITC-缀合的小鼠抗-人Ig(BD)检测的抗体结合。灰色峰是指无第一抗体的细胞。
图5显示通过抗原特异性ELISA测试的ADC的免疫反应性。对A)重组人EGF-R/Erb1Fc嵌合体或B)重组人ErbB2/HER2蛋白测定的活性。通过抗-人K轻链的辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)-缀合的抗体和TMB底物添加的检测。通过ELISA分光光度计在450nm测定的光密度。结果是两次独立重复的平均值(±SD)。
图6显示6天处理后ST8154AA1(24)对NCI-H1975非小细胞肺癌的抗增殖活性。与无效(IC50>500nM)的西妥昔单抗相比,该ADC的IC50值±SD为250±10nM。
图7显示6天处理后ST8154AA1(24)对Calu-3非小细胞肺癌的抗增殖活性。与无效(IC50>500nM)的西妥昔单抗相比,该ADC的IC50值±SD为450±10nM。
图8显示西妥昔单抗-衍生的ADC ST8154AA1(24)和ST8177AA1(26)(A)或ST8219AA1(37)(B)对不同肿瘤细胞系中乙酰化-α-微管蛋白水平的作用。将细胞在37℃与抗体(5μg/mL)一起培养3小时。两次洗涤后,随即固定细胞并且用小鼠抗-乙酰化-α-微管蛋白IgG、然后用FITC-缀合的山羊抗-小鼠IgG染色。核和胞质的Draq5染料染色。插图显示特异性地与乙酰化-α-微管蛋白相关的荧光信号。通过高含量筛选(HCS)Operetta的荧光成像。每个图像为一式两份孔的至少5个视野的代表。放大倍数60x。数据来自两次中的一个有代表性的实验。
图9a和图9b显示曲妥珠单抗-衍生的ADC ST8178AA1(27)和ST8176AA1(28)(A)或ST8202AA1(31)、ST8205AA1(30)和ST8218AA1(36)(B)对不同肿瘤细胞系中乙酰化-α-微管蛋白水平的作用。将细胞在37℃与抗体(5μg/mL)一起培养3小时。两次洗涤后,随即固定细胞并且用小鼠抗-乙酰化-α-微管蛋白IgG、然后用FITC-缀合的山羊抗-小鼠IgG染色。核和胞质的Draq5染料染色。插图显示特异性地与乙酰化-α-微管蛋白相关的荧光信号。通过高含量筛选(HCS)Operetta的荧光成像。每个图像为一式两份孔的至少5个视野的代表。放大倍数60x。数据来自两次中的一个有代表性的实验。
图10显示西妥昔单抗-衍生的ADC ST8154AA1(24)和ST8177AA1(26)(A)或ST8219AA1(37)(B)对不同肿瘤细胞系中乙酰化-组蛋白H3水平的作用。将细胞在37℃与抗体(5μg/mL)一起培养3小时。两次洗涤后,随即固定细胞并且用家兔抗-乙酰化-组蛋白H3IgG、然后用FITC-缀合的山羊抗-家兔IgG染色。核和胞质的Draq5染料染色。插图显示特异性地与乙酰化-组蛋白H3相关的荧光信号。通过高含量筛选(HCS)Operetta的荧光成像。每个图像为一式两份孔的至少5个视野的代表。放大倍数60x。数据来自两次中的一个有代表性的实验。
图11显示曲妥珠单抗-衍生的ADC ST8178AA1(27)和ST8176AA1(28)(A)或ST8202AA1(31)、ST8205AA1(30)和ST8218AA1(36)(B)对不同肿瘤细胞系中乙酰化-组蛋白H3水平的作用。将细胞在37℃与抗体(5μg/mL)一起培养3小时。两次洗涤后,随即固定细胞并且用家兔抗-乙酰化-组蛋白H3 IgG、然后用FITC-缀合的山羊抗-家兔IgG染色。核和胞质的Draq5染料染色。插图显示特异性地与乙酰化-组蛋白H3相关的荧光信号。通过高含量筛选(HCS)Operetta的荧光成像。每个图像为一式两份孔的至少5个视野的代表。放大倍数60x。数据来自两次中的一个有代表性的实验。
图12显示在A549(A)和SKBR3(B)细胞系中ADC对α-微管蛋白和组蛋白H4的乙酰化的作用。将细胞在37℃与抗体(20μg/mL)一起培养3小时,然后对总蛋白裂解物进行蛋白质印迹分析。显示了有代表性的印迹。
图13显示在带有sc NCI-H1975肿瘤的小鼠中,与西妥昔单抗相比根据方案q4dx4通过腹膜内给予的ST8155AA1(25)、ST8154AA1(24)和ST7612AA1的抗肿瘤活性。将肿瘤细胞(5x106)皮下注入小鼠右腹侧。以50mg/kg的剂量给予所述ADC和西妥昔单抗,而以120mg/kg给予ST7612AA1。以数字化卡钳评价肿瘤损害(n=8只小鼠/组;平均值和SEM,与单独的西妥昔单抗相比,°°°P<0.001和°°P<0.01,Mann-Whitney氏检验)。
图14显示ADC ST8154AA1(24)与西妥昔单抗相比,在皮下注射5x106 A549细胞后的Nu/Nu小鼠中发生的肿瘤的抗肿瘤作用。使用数字化卡钳监测损害发展和对抗体处理的响应。给小鼠i.p.注射(24)和西妥昔单抗(4个剂量的50mg/kg,每4天1次)或PBS(n=10只小鼠/组;平均值和SEM,与西妥昔单抗相比°P<0.05;与溶媒相比**P<0.01和*P<0.05,Mann-Whitney氏检验)。
图15显示ST8154AA1(24)与西妥昔单抗(Ctx)相比,对将5x106 A549-luc-C8(A549luc)细胞注入免疫缺陷SCID/灰棕色小鼠尾静脉导致的人工转移性肺癌的抗转移活性。在i.p.注射萤光素(150μg/小鼠)后,在不同时间点(距细胞注射+35、+49和+56天)通过Xenogen IVIS Imaging System 200记录肿瘤生物发光成像(BLI)。用含有PBS或ST8154AA1或西妥昔单抗的气雾剂处理小鼠(3.5mL的100μg/mL溶液)q7dx4(n=12只小鼠/组;平均值和SEM,与西妥昔单抗相比°°P<0.01;与溶媒相比*P<0.05和**P<0.01)。
图16显示ST8154AA1(24)与西妥昔单抗(Ctx)和ST7612AA1相比,对正位肿瘤胰腺的抗肿瘤作用。将肿瘤细胞1x106直接注射入胰腺。肿瘤注射后90天评价肿瘤重量。给小鼠经腹膜内用(24)或西妥昔单抗(4个剂量的40mg/kg,每4天1次)、PBS和ST7612AA1(200mg/kg,q4dx4)处理(n=10只小鼠/组);平均值和SEM,与西妥昔单抗相比°P<0.05,与溶媒相比*P<0.05和**P<0.01。
图17显示经腹膜内递送的ST8154AA1(24)与西妥昔单抗相比(q4dx5),对皮下植入裸鼠的来自患者的肿瘤异种移植物(PDX)胰腺癌的抗肿瘤作用。NOD SCID小鼠皮下接受来自患者PA5363的肿瘤细胞(51000个细胞)。使用40mg/kg ip剂量的ADC处理带有肿瘤的小鼠。通过数字化卡钳评价肿瘤生长(n=10只小鼠/组)。平均值和SEM,与西妥昔单抗相比°P<0.05,与溶媒相比***P<0.001。
图18显示经腹膜内递送的ST8178AA1(27)与曲妥珠单抗相比,根据方案q4dx4对SKOV-3卵巢癌的抗肿瘤作用。皮下注射5x106 SKOV-3卵巢细胞后允许肿瘤在Nu/Nu小鼠中发育。用ADC和曲妥珠单抗以腹膜内15mg/kg进行处理(n=11只小鼠/组;平均值和SEM,与溶媒相比*P<0.05,与曲妥珠单抗相比°P<0.05,Mann-Whitney氏检验)。
图19显示经腹膜内递送的ST8176AA1(28)与曲妥珠单抗相比,根据方案q4dx4对SKOV-3卵巢癌的抗肿瘤作用。皮下注射5x106 SKOV-3卵巢细胞后允许肿瘤在Nu/Nu小鼠中发育。用ADC和曲妥珠单抗以腹膜内30和15mg/kg进行处理(n=12只小鼠/组;平均值和SEM,与溶媒相比*P<0.05,与曲妥珠单抗相比°P<0.05,Mann-Whitney氏检验)。
图20显示经腹膜内递送的ST8176AA1(28)与曲妥珠单抗相比,根据方案q4dx4对SKOV-3卵巢癌的抗肿瘤作用。皮下注射10x106 SKOV-3卵巢细胞后允许肿瘤在Nu/Nu小鼠中发育。用ADC和曲妥珠单抗以腹膜内15mg/kg进行处理(n=9只小鼠/组)。通过Kaplan-Meier分析绘制存活曲线。与溶媒相比*P<0.05和**P<0.01,与曲妥珠单抗相比°P<0.05。
图21显示经腹膜内递送的ST8176AA1(28)与曲妥珠单抗相比,根据方案q4dx4对LS174-T结肠癌的抗肿瘤作用。腹膜内注射10x106 LS174-T结肠癌细胞后允许肿瘤在Nu/Nu小鼠中发育。用ADC和曲妥珠单抗以腹膜内15mg/kg进行处理(n=10只小鼠/组)。通过Kaplan-Meier分析绘制存活曲线。使用双侧log秩和检验计算P值,与溶媒相比*P<0.05,与曲妥珠单抗相比°P<0.05。
图22显示经腹膜内递送的ST8176AA1(28)与曲妥珠单抗相比,根据方案q4dx4对LS174-T结肠癌的抗肿瘤作用。皮下注射5x106 LS174-T结肠癌细胞后允许肿瘤在Nu/Nu小鼠中发育。用ADC和曲妥珠单抗以腹膜内15mg/kg进行处理(n=10只小鼠/组;平均值和SEM,与溶媒相比*p<0.05,与曲妥珠单抗相比°P<0.05,Mann-Whitney氏检验)。
图23显示经腹膜内递送的ST8176AA1(28)与曲妥珠单抗相比,根据方案q4dx4对PDX(来自患者的异种移植物)胰腺癌的抗肿瘤活性。将来自患者PA5363的人胰腺肿瘤细胞(77x103)皮下注射入NOD-SCID小鼠。用ST8176AA1或曲妥珠单抗以15mg/kg进行处理。(n=10只小鼠/组;平均值和SEM,与溶媒相比*P<0.05,且与曲妥珠单抗相比°P<0.05,Mann-Whitney氏检验)。
本发明的详述
本发明涉及由与基于HDACi的有效负载缀合的抗癌抗体构成的新的ADC。这类ADC显示特异性地结合肿瘤受体以便内化并且递送至溶酶体。尽管HDAC有效负载的效能低,但是这些特性令人惊奇地与体外细胞毒性和体内抗肿瘤活性相关联。本发明的抗体-药物-缀合物特别地用于治疗肿瘤或其中调节一种或多种组蛋白脱乙酰基酶同种型和ErbB受体表达可有效地用于治疗干预的任意其它疾病。
本发明描述了安全和有效的ADC,其包含通过连接基缀合至抗体且特别是用于癌症治疗的免疫球蛋白的安全的HDACi。这种表观遗传调节剂,即HDAC抑制剂能够以降低的不良反应和毒性作用进行ADC构建。
本发明的一个优选的实施方案是基于HDACi的ADC在表达受体例如ErbB1、ErbB2或ErbB3的癌症治疗中的用途,包括例如肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、脑癌、头颈癌、子宫内膜癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、食道癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌以及白血病。
本发明涉及式(I)的抗体-药物-缀合物
D-(CU)m-(S1)n-L-(S2)o-(CG)p-Ab
(式I)
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中
D为细胞毒性药物(也称作弹头),是组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂药物,其包含苯甲酰胺、异羟肟酸酯或硫醇基团作为锌结合基团(ZBG),
CU为连接单元,其可以不存在或选自:
S1为间隔基且可以不存在或为
L为连接基,其选自(CH2)q-CO、NH-(CH2)r-(PEG)s-(CH2)w-CO、NH-CO-(CH2)r-(PEG)s-X-(CH2)w-CO,其中X可以不存在、为NH或O,q为2-8的整数,r可以不存在或为1-4的整数,s可以不存在或为1-6的整数,且w可以不存在或为1-2的整数,
S2为间隔基且可以不存在或为
CG为缀合至抗体的半胱氨酸硫醇或赖氨酸氨基后形成的连接基,其可以不存在或为如下部分之一:
其中y为0-8的整数
Ab为抗体或其抗原结合片段,且
m、n、o和p表示0或1的整数。
连接基(L)优选自
其中n为2-5的整数。
具体而言,有效负载是连接至适合的连接基/间隔基的毒素(HDAC抑制剂),其末端为适合于缀合至抗体的基团(即马来酰亚胺、NHS酯),并且包含如下式I的部分:
D-(CU)m-(S1)n-L-(S2)o-(CG)’p
式II
在本发明中,式II的有效负载中的(CG)’可以为下式的NHS(N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺)或活化的酰基衍生物(包括五氟苯基酯、对硝基和2,4-二硝基苯酚酯、苯硫酚酯、酰基咪唑、异丁基碳酸酯、三氯苯甲酸酐)或马来酰亚胺-或3-亚甲基琥珀酰亚胺、3,4-二溴马来酰亚胺或{氨基-羰基}-3-丁烯酸:
用于所述有效负载D-(CU)m-(S1)n-L-(S2)o-(CG)p-的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂(HDAC)可以为本领域已知的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂,并且具有如下类别:
-基于硫醇的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂,例如ST7464AA1和ST7660AA1(伏林司他的硫醇类似物),其具有下式:
-基于异羟肟酸的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂(HDAC),例如伏林司他(SAHA)、帕比司他(LBH589)或达西司他(LAQ824),它们具有下式:
-基于苯甲酰胺的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂(HDAC),例如恩替司他(MS275)和西达本胺(CS055),其具有下式:
在一个具体的实施方案中,组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂为ST7464AA1,其为相应前药ST7612AA1的药物,即口服的基于硫醇的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂。
有效负载包含“离去基团”,其是指可以在取代反应中被另一个基团替换的基团。这类离去基团是本领域众所周知的,实例包括但不限于卤化物(氟化物、氯化物、溴化物和碘化物)、叠氮化物、磺酸酯(例如任选取代的C1-C6烷磺酸酯,例如乙磺酸酯和三氟甲磺酸酯,或任选取代的C7-C12烷基苯磺酸酯,例如-甲苯磺酸酯)、琥珀酰亚胺-N-氧化物、对硝基苯酚酯、五氟苯酚酯、四氟苯酚酯、羧酸酯、氨基羧酸酯(氨基甲酸酯)和烷氧基羧酸酯(碳酸酯)。对于饱和碳上的取代,卤化物和磺酸酯为优选的离去基团。对于羰基碳上的取代,卤化物、琥珀酰亚胺-N-氧化物、对硝基苯酚酯、五氟苯酚酯、四氟苯酚酯、羧酸酯或烷氧基羧酸酯(碳酸酯)例如可以用作离去基团。术语"离去基团"还指作为消除反应结果而消除的基团,例如电子级联反应或螺环化(pirocyclization)反应。在这种情况下,卤化物、磺酸酯、叠氮化物、氨基羧酸酯(氨基甲酸酯)或烷氧基羧酸酯(碳酸酯)例如可以用作离去基团。
本领域技术人员知晓,将化学官能团转化成另一种化学官能团可能要求保护包含这类官能团的化合物中的一个或多个反应中心必须得到保护,以避免不期望的副反应。保护这类反应中心且随后在合成转化结束时脱保护可以按照文献中所述的标准方法进行(参见,例如Green,Theodora W.和Wuts,Peter G.M.–有机合成中的保护基,第3版,JohnWiley&Sons Inc.,New York(NY),1999)。
表1.有效负载
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,所述组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂为化合物ST7612AA1,其为如上所示的化合物ST7464AA1的前药。
用于本发明的有效负载的另外的实例为上述表1中的化合物。具有包含N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)部分的特定连接基的有效负载(即ST8128AA1,ST8132AA1)能够通过酰胺键共价结合至mAb的Lys残基侧链,其包含氨基-特异性NHS酯,可以与抗体的赖氨酸反应。具有包含马来酰亚胺部分的特定连接基的有效负载(即ST8152AA1,ST8189AA1)能够在其还原后通过马来酰亚胺-硫醇缀合反应共价结合至mAb上的Cys。
所述抗体-药物-缀合物(ADC)在连接基团(CG)方面不同于有效负载,其中在有效负载(CG)’中,其为NHS或马来酰亚胺,而在抗体缀合物中,(CG)不存在,在基于NHS有效负载的ADC中,其为基于马来酰亚胺有效负载的ADC中的琥珀酰亚胺部分。
此外,间隔基(S1)如果存在,可以为可裂解或不能裂解的。典型的蛋白酶可裂解的间隔基包含这样的部分,其特征在于药物在靶细胞中快速酶促释放,例如缬氨酸-瓜氨酸(Val-Cit)二肽。
可裂解的间隔基的实例为
不能裂解的间隔基的实例为
n=0-4
所述的抗体药物缀合物还可以包含连接基(L),其可以为(CH2)q-CO、NH-(CH2)r-(PEG)s-(CH2)w-CO、NH-CO-(CH2)r-(PEG)s-X-(CH2)w-CO,其中X可以不存在、为NH、O,q为2-8,r不存在或为1-4,s不存在或为1-6,且w不存在或为1-2。
连接基(L)的实例:
n=2-5
所述的抗体-药物-缀合物还可以包含在缀合至抗体的半胱氨酸硫醇或赖氨酸氨基后形成的连接基团(CG),其可以不存在或为如下部分之一:下式的NHS或活化的酰基衍生物(包括1-羟基苯并三唑酯、2-氰基-2-(羟基亚氨基)乙酸乙基酯、N-乙氧基羰基-2-乙氧基-1,2-二氢-喹诺酮酯、五氟苯基酯、对硝基和2,4-二硝基苯酚酯、苯硫酚酯、酰基咪唑、异丁基碳酸酯、三氯苯甲酸酐、新戊酸酐、3,5-二甲氧基三嗪)或马来酰亚胺-或3-亚甲基琥珀酰亚胺、3,4-二溴马来酰亚胺或{氨基-羰基}-3-丁烯酸:
其中y为0-8。
本文所述的免疫球蛋白载体针对酪氨酸激酶(RTK)家族受体。这是一个通过使参与细胞增殖、存活、分化或迁移的底物蛋白磷酸化来介导胞内信号传导的跨膜蛋白超家族。
特别地,人体表皮生长因子受体(HER)家族属于RTK超家族,并且包含4个成员:ErbB1/EGFR(表皮生长因子受体)、ErbB2、ErbB3和ErbB4。在生理学方面,这些受体被EGF家族的配体活化。
EGFR在许多人类癌症的发育和维持中起关键作用,其中在许多肿瘤类型中观察到突变和超表达(Burgess AW 2008 Growth Factors 26:263-74)。
EGFR已经成为抗体和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的经临床验证的靶标,所述抑制剂在肺癌、头颈癌、结肠癌和胰腺癌中获得广泛应用(Mendelsohn J 2006 Semin Oncol 33:369-85;Feiner 2016 Exp Rev Proteomics,Sep 13:817-32;Enrique AA 2012 Front Biosci4:12-22;Landi L 2014 Expert Opin Pharmacol Ther 15:2293-305)。
尽管这些抑制剂取得了成功,但是具有EGFR-阳性肿瘤的大量患者对目前的EGFR-靶向治疗剂没有响应,因为一些突变(例如EGFR、KRAS、BRAF、PI3K和PTEN)可以促成内在的或获得性的抗性(Chong CR 2013 Nat Med 19:1389-400)。
基于微管抑制剂的靶向EGFR的ADC为不可靠的治疗策略,因为它可以通过阻止由下游信号传导突变介导的抗性而改善抗-EGFR抗体的活性,但由于这些抗体的已知毒性(即皮疹、腹泻、便秘、口炎、疲劳和电解质紊乱)(Li T 2009 Target Oncol 4:107-19),它可能具有有限的适用性。令人惊奇地发现,由与低毒性HDACi缀合的抗-EGFR家族蛋白抗体构成的ADC为有效的抗癌药。
用于本发明的抗体-药物-缀合物的抗体特别地为针对EGFR家族蛋白的抗体。具体而言,该抗体可以针对ErbB1、ErbB2或ErbB3受体。缀合至其他抗体的相同有效负载可以针对被肿瘤细胞内化的其他受体以释放HDACi。
例如,与EGFR类似,牵涉不同的人类癌的生长、存活和扩散和在不同实体瘤中超表达的c-Met响应于HGF(肝细胞生长因子)的结合而被内化,导致c-Met泛素化和降解(Mellman 2013 Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 5:a016949)。
此外,整联蛋白在肿瘤-间质的相互作用中具有主要作用,且25种不同整联蛋白的异二聚体的异常再循环参与肿瘤生长、侵袭、转移和规避凋亡(Mosesson 2008 Nat RevCancer 8:835-50)。
在一个实施方案中,所述抗体选自曲妥珠单抗、西妥昔单抗、贝伐单抗、帕尼单抗、抗-CD4或抗-CD30抗体和相关生物学类似抗体。
术语抗体或免疫球蛋白在较广义的含义中可以互换使用,且包括单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体、分离、改造或重组的抗体、全长或完整抗体、多价或多特异性抗体,例如双特异性抗体或其抗体片段,只要它们表现出期望的生物活性即可。在作为活细胞内重组DNA表达产物的重组抗体的情况下,该抗体可以来源于任意物种,且优选来源于人、大鼠、小鼠和家兔。如果抗体来源于非人类的物种,则它优选为根据本领域众所周知的技术制备的嵌合或人源化抗体。
所述抗体还可以为化学合成的抗体。
所述抗体可以靶向于所述癌症或肿瘤细胞,特别是表达ErbB1、ErbB2和/或ErbB3受体的癌症或肿瘤细胞。特别地,所述抗体具有识别所述癌症或肿瘤细胞的特性,具有结合所述癌症或肿瘤细胞的特性和内化到肿瘤或癌细胞中的特性。
制备所述抗体的方法为本领域众所周知的[即Chem.Soc.Rev.,2016,45,1691—1719;Bioorganic&Medicinal Chemistry Letters 26(2016)1542–1545]。
除抗体外,还可以使用抗原结合片段,其是指保留结合抗体靶标(抗原)的能力的任意肽、多肽或蛋白质。抗原结合片段的实例为Fv、ScFv(Sc是指单链)、Fab、F(ab’)2、Fab’、ScFv’、Fc片段,或双体,或片段,其半衰期已经通过化学修饰例如聚乙二醇化或通过掺入脂质体得到增加。
在抗体药物缀合物(ADC)或其药学上可接受的盐的一个实施方案中,其选自具有下式的化合物:
在式I的另一个实施方案中,提供了式(If)的化合物,例如抗体药物缀合物(ADC)或其药学上可接受的盐:
以下显示了基于HDACi的ADC通用方案。活性药物(D)由ST7464AA1表示,其相当于ST7612AA1的活性药物。ST7464AA1为本发明所述的ADC(式I)和有效负载(式II)的可能的药物(D)之一。
上述为代表性的基于HDAC抑制剂的抗体药物缀合物(ADC)的通用方案。
另一个实施方案为用于制备有效负载的方法,该方法包含在HDAC抑制剂的硫醇、异羟肟酸或苯甲酰胺残基上引入连接有效负载的其他成分的适合的连接单元(C.U.)(如果有的话)。间隔基(S1)–可以被裂解(通常为缬氨酸-瓜氨酸二肽(Val-Cit),组织蛋白酶的底物)或不能被裂解–连接基(L)、第二间隔基(S2)和末端基团(CG)’适合于缀合至赖氨酸或半胱氨酸抗体。
另一个实施方案是制备基于HDAC抑制剂的抗体药物缀合物(ADC)的方法,该方法通常包括由分子的有效负载部分的残基(CG)’与免疫球蛋白(Ab)的赖氨酸残基的氨基之间的缀合反应。对于缀合至半胱氨酸,免疫球蛋白的S-S胱氨酸键必须预先用适合的还原剂还原。在游离半胱氨酸残基的巯基(-SH)上,进行随后与具有适合基团(CG)’的有效负载缀合的反应。
表2.ADC
SoC:缀合位点
本发明还涉及包含上述抗体-药物缀合物的药物组合物。所述药物组合物包含至少一种赋形剂和/或药学上可接受的媒介物。活性成分可以以与常规药用载体的混合物的单位形式施用于动物或人。适合的施用单位形式包括用于肠道或胃肠外施用的形式,其中肠道施用包括口服、气雾剂、直肠或口腔途径,且胃肠外施用包括皮下、肌内或静脉内和皮内途径。
药物组合物可以用于肠道或胃肠外施用,其中肠道施用包括口服、气雾剂、直肠或口腔途径,且胃肠外施用包括静脉内、肌内和皮内途径。
用于口服施用的固体组合物可以为片剂、丸剂、粉末、胶囊或颗粒。在这些组合物中,可以将本发明的抗体-药物-缀合物与一种或多种惰性稀释剂混合,例如淀粉、纤维素、蔗糖、乳糖或二氧化硅。这些组合物还可以包含另外的物质,例如润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁或滑石粉,或着色剂或包衣材料。
用于胃肠外施用的无菌组合物优选可以为水溶液或非水溶液、混悬液或乳剂。所用的溶剂或溶媒可以由水、丙二醇或聚乙二醇、植物油、可注射有机酯或其它适合的有机溶剂构成。这些组合物还可以包含佐剂,特别是湿润剂、等渗剂、乳化剂、分散剂和稳定剂。
本发明报道了证明由新的ADC提供的效能的体外细胞增殖试验。
本发明的具体实施方案为适合于通过雾化局部递送的制剂。在这方面,本发明的抗体-药物-缀合物特别适合于治疗与肺或腹膜相关的疾病,例如肺或腹膜癌症或来自卵巢、宫颈-子宫内膜、胃、结肠、阑尾、腹膜假粘液瘤、胰腺、肝转移、罕见的肿瘤(neoplasie)(非肠组织的腹部肉瘤)的癌症。
本发明还提供了如上述所定义的式(I)的化合物,其用于治疗癌症、细胞增殖病症和病毒感染的方法中。
优选地,如上所定义的式(I)的化合物用于治疗特定类型的癌症的方法中,例如但不限于:癌,包括膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、肾癌、肝癌、肺癌(包含小细胞肺癌)、食道癌、胆囊癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、宫颈癌、甲状腺癌、前列腺癌和皮肤癌,包含鳞状细胞癌;淋巴谱系的血液肿瘤,包括白血病、急性淋巴细胞性白血病、急性淋巴母细胞白血病、B-细胞淋巴瘤、T-细胞淋巴瘤、何杰金氏淋巴瘤、非何杰金淋巴瘤、毛细胞淋巴瘤和伯基特淋巴瘤;骨髓谱系血液肿瘤,包括急性和慢性髓性白血病、骨髓增生异常综合征和前髓细胞性白血病;间质来源的肿瘤,包括纤维肉瘤和横纹肌肉瘤;中枢和外周神经系统肿瘤,包括星形细胞瘤、神经母细胞瘤、神经胶质瘤和许旺细胞瘤;和其它肿瘤,包括黑素瘤、精细胞瘤、畸胎瘤、骨肉瘤、着色性干皮病、角化棘皮瘤、甲状腺毛囊癌、卡波西肉瘤和间皮瘤。
本发明报道了证明新ADC提供的效能的体外细胞增殖试验。
本发明的化合物以与游离抗体相当的方式结合受体,并且ADC与表达ErbB1-和ErbB2-的肿瘤细胞的结合通过FACS分析证实。
通过荧光分析,证实本发明的化合物能够以与其天然副本抗体相当的方式被肿瘤细胞内化,而没有任何结合率的降低。此外,本发明的全部ADC与其特异性受体反应,其效能与结合ADC的天然抗体的效能相差无几,例如西妥昔单抗或曲妥珠单抗。
本发明的ADC在其雾化时维持其完整性,且它们可以包含在组合物中用于雾化,这代表了在呼吸系统疾病中递送mAb的强有力方法。该方法为适合于使药物靶向于肺的非侵入性方法,从而限制了暴露于其他器官。
当在肺腺癌上评价时,本发明的化合物抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,其IC50值低于单独的西妥昔单抗的值,由此证实其抗肿瘤效能。
所有测试的ADC在所有测试肿瘤细胞系中均诱导α-微管蛋白和组蛋白H3的乙酰化水平的相关升高,这分别归因于HDAC6和I类HDAC的直接的酶抑制作用。
体内实验证实,本发明的化合物在抑制肺、结肠、胰腺、卵巢的肿瘤生长方面比单独的西妥昔单抗和曲妥珠单抗更有效。
所述新的ADC通过气雾剂递送和腹膜内途径表现出对局部肿瘤的抗肿瘤活性,其可用于加压的腹膜内气雾剂化疗(PIPAC)。
实施例
现在参照下列实施例进一步描述本发明。本领域技术人员可以理解,这些实施例仅用于示例目的,而不解释为限定本发明的范围。
实施例1:有效负载(1)ST8128AA1的合成和表征
(E)-6-(3-羧基丙烯酰氨基)己酸[3]
将在冰醋酸(10mL)中的马来酸酐[2](1.95g,19.9mmol)滴加到搅拌的6-氨基己酸[1](2.6g,19.9mmol)在冰醋酸(10mL)中的溶液中。将该混合物维持在室温3小时。然后过滤反应期间形成的沉淀,用乙醚洗涤,得到化合物[3],为白色固体4.3g(95%收率)。无需对固体进行任何进一步纯化。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ9.10(s,1H),6.35(d,J=12.6Hz,1H),6.18(d,J=12.6Hz,1H),3.12(m,2H),2.15(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),1.44(m,4H),1.33–1.12(m,2H)。
13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO)δ174.8,172.4,165.8,133.5,132.2,33.9,28.5,26.3,24.5,21.4。
6-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸[4]
将乙酸酐(3.8mL,40.75mmol)和乙酸钠(418mg,5.09mmol)在室温在剧烈搅拌下加入到化合物[3](4.3g,20.37mmol)在二甲基乙酰胺(20mL)中的溶液中,然后加热至100℃ 2小时。然后将该混合物冷却至室温,用二氯甲烷(35mL)稀释,用HCl 0.5M(6部分,各10mL)洗涤5-6次以除去二甲基乙酰胺。用无水硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤,真空除去溶剂,得到产物[4],为无色油状物,2.5g(58%收率)。
1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ9.87(bs,1H),6.76(d,J=1.6Hz,2H),3.54–3.38(m,2H),2.52–2.39(m,1H),2.30–2.26(m,1H),1.70–1.46(m,4H),1.39–1.19(m,2H)。
13C NMR(100MHz,MeOD)δ179.4,171.1,133.9,36.9,33.2,29.2,24.1,23.3。
6-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酸2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基酯[5]
将二环己基-碳二亚胺(2.68g,13.02mmol)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(1.36g,11.84mmol)在室温加入到搅拌的化合物[4](2.5g,11.84mmol)在无水二氯甲烷(15mL)中的溶液中,将该混合物在室温搅拌3小时。用二氯甲烷过滤白色固体,以除去二环己基脲,用HCl 0.1N和水洗涤有机相,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。得到的残余物进行使用中压系统Buchi的快速柱色谱(硅胶;梯度A:石油醚/B:乙酸乙酯;B%0-80,15分钟),得到活化的酸[5],为白色固体,2.4g(70%)。MS:m/z 309[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ6.78(s,2H),3.49–3.46(m,2H),2.82(s,4H),2.62–2.59(m,2H),1.78–1.65(m,2H),1.64–1.50(m,2H),1.46–1.26(m,2H)。
13C NMR(100MHz,MeOD)δ169.8,169.0,167.3,132.5,35.4,28.6,26.1,23.8,23.6,22.3。
4-((6-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酰氨基)甲基)环己烷甲酸[7]
将反式-4-(氨基甲基)-环己烷甲酸[6](2.38g,15.17mmol)在室温加入到搅拌的化合物[5](2.46g,7.98mmol)在冰醋酸(20mL)中的溶液中,将该反应混合物在室温搅拌16小时。减压除去乙酸,用二氯甲烷稀释残余物,用水洗涤以消除N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺。用无水硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤,真空除去溶剂。使残余物进行使用中压系统Buchi的快速色谱法,硅胶,梯度为0-100%乙酸乙酯的石油醚溶液,7分钟,和100%的乙酸乙酯,5分钟,得到化合物[7],为白色固体,807mg(30%收率)。MS:m/z 349[M-H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ10.47(bs,1H),7.81(s,1H),6.66(d,J=2.3Hz,2H),3.35(s,2H),2.88(s,2H),2.04(s,2H),1.86(d,J=10.5Hz,2H),1.68(d,J=10.1Hz,2H),1.47(s,2H),1.36–1.03(m,8H),0.85(d,J=11.7Hz,2H)。
13C NMR(100MHz,MeOD)δ176.8,173.0,169.5,132.4,43.4,41.5,35.9,35.5,33.8,27.9,26.6,25.9,24.4,23.6。
4-((6-(2,5-二氧代-3-((7-氧代-6-(5-氧代吡咯烷-2-甲酰氨基)-7-(苯氨基)庚基)硫基)吡咯烷-1-基)己酰氨基)甲基)环己烷甲酸(8)
将1M硫代甲醇钠在脱气的甲醇中的溶液(17mg,0.25mmol,0.250mL)在室温加入到ST7612AA1(100mg,0.25mmol)在脱气的甲醇中的溶液中。将搅拌混合物维持30分钟。用N2吹扫该反应混合物5-10分钟以除去MeSH,加入化合物7(88mg,0.25mmol)。将该混合物保持在室温16小时。然后通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,通过柱色谱法纯化粗产物,梯度为2-20%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液。得到化合物(8),为白色固体,102mg(57%)。MS:m/z 737[M+Na]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ9.97(bs,s),7.92(m 2H),7.60(m,2H),7.34(m,2H),7.14(m,1H),4.57(m,1H),4.31(m,1H),3.54(m,2H),3.06(d,J=4.7Hz,2H),2.49-2.14(m,4H),2.10-2.02(m,7H),1.87-1.62(m,12H),1.76–1.23(m,12H),1.01(d,J=12.4Hz,2H)。
13C NMR(100MHz,MeOD)δ179.6,178.4,177.0,175.3,174.7,173.0,170.7,128.0(2C),123.7,119.5(2C),77.6,56.2,53.5,44.6(2C),42.7,38.6,37.7,35.5,35.0,31.4,30.3,29.1(2C),28.9,28.0(3C),27.4,26.4,25.5,25.0,24.6,24.4。
4-((6-(2,5-二氧代-3-((7-氧代-6-(5-氧代吡咯烷-2-甲酰氨基)-7-(苯氨基)庚基)硫基)吡咯烷-1-基)己酰氨基)甲基)环己烷甲酸2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基酯(1),ST8128AA1。
在50mL烧瓶中,在N2气氛中,将化合物[8](102mg,0.14mmol)溶于包含0.1mL无水二甲基甲酰胺的无水二氯甲烷(5mL)。在室温加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(24mg,0.21mmol)和二环己基碳二亚胺(50mg,0.24mmol),将该反应混合物在室温搅拌16小时。除去溶剂,通过使用2-6%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液的快速色谱法纯化残余物。得到产物ST8128AA1,为无色粘性液体;101mg(90%收率)。MS:m/z 811[M+H]+;833[M+Na]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.43(s,1H),7.78(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.54(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.35–7.14(m,2H),7.08(t,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.12(s,1H),4.67(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),4.23(s,1H),3.69(s,1H),3.48(s,2H),3.17–2.93(m,3H),2.83(s,5H),2.26–2.03(m,9H),1.97–1.71(m,8H),1.71–1.18(m,16H),1.02(dd,J=24.0,11.7Hz,2H)。
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ178.9,176.7,176.4,174.4,173.2,172.7,170.5,170.3,168.9,137.4,128.48(2C),124.06,119.58(2C),53.9,45.4,45.1,42.1,39.2,38.7,38.3,37.6,37.3,36.3,32.1,31.3(4C),29.9,28.8,28.2,27.2,26.2,25.3,18.6,17.3,12.0。
实施例2:有效负载(2)ST8152AA1的合成和表征
N-(7-((1-(6-(((4-((2-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)乙基)氨基甲酰基)环己基)甲基)氨基)-6-氧代己基)-2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-3-基)硫基)-1-氧代-1-(苯氨基)庚-2-基)-5-氧代吡咯烷-2-甲酰胺(2),ST8152AA1。
在50mL烧瓶中,在N2气氛中,在0℃将化合物[8](87mg,0.11mmol)溶于四氢呋喃/二甲基甲酰胺3:1(4mL)。然后加入N-(2-氨基乙基)马来酰亚胺三氟乙酸盐(33mg,0.13mmol)、1-羟基苯并三唑水合物(22mg,0.16mmol)、HBTU(61mg,0.16mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.048mL,0.27mmol),将该混合物在0℃保持30分钟,然后在室温保持16小时。用二氯甲烷稀释反应混合物,用水洗涤2次,用盐水洗涤2次,用无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。通过快速色谱法,2-20%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液纯化残余物。得到产物ST8152AA1,为无色粘性液体,55mg(60%收率)。MS:m/z 859[M+Na]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.46(bs,1H),7.60(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.36–7.23(m,2H),7.09(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.72(s,2H),6.49(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),6.32(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),4.65(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.37–4.24(m,1H),3.83–3.60(m,2H),3.60–3.37(m,5H),3.25–2.97(m,4H),2.89–2.61(m,2H),2.60–2.11(m,4H),2.00(m,5H),1.90–1.72(m,13H),1.72–1.15(m,8H),0.94(dd,J=24.3,11.4Hz,2H)。
实施例3:有效负载(3)ST8132AA1的合成和表征
(S)-2-((((9H-芴-9-基)甲氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲基丁酸2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基酯[10]
将二环己基碳二亚胺(1.55g,7.52mmol)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(762mg,6.63mmol)在室温加入到搅拌的Fmoc-Val-OH[9](1.5g,4.42mmol)在无水二氯甲烷(25mL)中的溶液中。将该混合物保持在室温3小时。将反应中形成的白色固体用二氯甲烷过滤以除去二环己基脲,用HCl 0.1N和水洗涤有机相,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。使残余物进行使用1%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液的快速柱色谱,得到产物[10],为白色固体,1.7g(89%收率)。MS:m/z 459[M+Na]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.80(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.68–7.55(m,2H),7.43(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.34(dd,J=15.9,8.5Hz,2H),4.70(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),4.56–4.40(m,3H),4.28(t,J=6.6Hz,1H),2.85(s,4H),2.37(dd,J=12.3,6.5Hz,1H),1.08(dd,J=11.0,6.9Hz,6H)。
(S)-2-((S)-2-((((9H-芴-9-基)甲氧基)羰基)氨基)-3-甲基丁酰氨基)-5-脲基戊酸[12]
将在二甲氧基乙烷(10mL)中的化合物[10](1.7g,3.9mmol)加入到溶于四氢呋喃和碳酸氢钠水溶液(344mg,4mmol在10mL水中)的混合物中的L-瓜氨酸[11](700mg,4mmol)中。将该反应体系在室温搅拌16小时。加入柠檬酸的15%水溶液(50mL),用10%异丙醇的乙酸乙酯溶液(2x75 mL)萃取该混合物。通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。在添加乙醚并且用超声照射后,得到形成的固体。过滤,然后用乙醚洗涤,得到[12],为白色固体,870mg(45%)。MS:m/z495[M-H]-.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ8.19(bm 3H),7.87(t,J=25.1Hz,2H),7.77(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.49–7.23(m,4H),5.99(s,1H),5.43(s,2H),4.45–4.08(m,4H),3.97(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),2.99(d,J=5.1Hz,2H),2.02(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),1.74(s,1H),1.61(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),1.44(s,2H),0.91(dd,J=12.5,6.3Hz,6H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ173.4,171.3,169.8,167.8,158.8,156.0,143.8,140.7,127.6,127.0,65.7,59.8,51.9,46.7,30.5,26.6,19.18(2C)。
((S)-1-(((S)-1-((4-(羟基甲基)苯基)氨基)-1-氧代-5-脲基戊-2-基)氨基)-3-甲基-1-氧代丁-2-基)氨基甲酸(9H-芴-9-基)甲基酯[14]
将EEDQ(840mg,3.4mmol)加入到包含化合物[12](870mg,1.7mmol)和对-氨基苄醇(227mg,1.8mmol)在二氯甲烷/甲醇2:1(15mL)中的溶液中。将该反应体系保持在黑暗中在室温下16小时。除去溶剂,使用乙醚过滤得到的固体残余物,得到产物[14],为白色固体,660mg(65%收率)。MS:m/z 624[M+Na]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ10.00(bs,1H),8.13(m,4H),7.92(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.76(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.58(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.51–7.10(m,2H),6.02(s,1H),5.43(m,4H),5.13(s,1H),4.47(s,3H),4.31(m 4H),3.13–2.74(m,2H),2.03(s,1H),1.83–1.55(m,2H),1.43(s,2H),0.90(d,J=6.7Hz,6H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ171.2,170.4,158.93,156.15,144.6,143.8,140.7,137.5,127.6,127.2(2C)125.3,120.1(2C),118.9,65.7,62.6,60.1,53.0,46.7,31.0,30.5,26.7,19.6,18.7。
(S)-2-((S)-2-氨基-3-甲基丁酰氨基)-N-(4-(羟基甲基)苯基)-5-脲基戊酰胺[15]
将哌啶(2.2mL)加入到化合物[14](660mg,1.09mmol)在无水二甲基甲酰胺(5mL)中的溶液中,将该反应体系保持在室温3h。真空除去溶剂,用二氯甲烷处理残余物,得到固体,过滤,得到产物[15],240mg(60%mg)。MS:m/z 380[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ10.11(s,1H),8.25(s,1H),7.58(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.27(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),6.10(s,1H),5.46(s,2H),4.48(m,3H),3.23–3.09(m,2H),3.11–2.88(m,2H),1.99(dd,J=12.2,6.4Hz,2H),1.99(dd,J=12.2,6.4Hz,1H),1.81–1.55(m,2H),1.55–1.28(m,2H),1.04–0.68(m,6H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ173.3,170.4,158.9,137.5,126.9(2C),125.3,119.9(2C),62.6,59.3,52.6,31.1,29.9,26.6,19.3,17.0(2C)。
7-(((S)-1-(((S)-1-((4-(羟基甲基)苯基)氨基)-1-氧代-5-脲基戊-2-基)氨基)-3-甲基-1-氧代丁-2-基)氨基)-7-氧代庚酸乙酯[17]
将EEDQ(311mg,1.26mmol)加入到化合物[15](240mg,0.63mmol)和庚二酸单乙酯[16](0.123mL,0.69mmol)在二氯甲烷/甲醇2:1(20mL)中的溶液中。将该反应体系保持在黑暗中在室温下12小时。除去溶剂,通过柱色谱法用2-20%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液纯化残余物,得到产物[17],为粘性固体,170mg(45%收率)。MS:m/z 572[M+Na]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.59(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.34(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),4.65–4.44(m,4H),4.25(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.15(dd,J=14.2,7.1Hz,2H),3.30–3.06(m,2H),2.34(dd,J=13.9,6.7Hz,2H),2.13(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),1.92(dd,J=14.1,6.2Hz,2H),1.89–1.74(m,2H),1.74–1.34(m,12H),1.30(dd,J=18.0,10.9Hz,3H),1.06–0.84(m,8H)。
13C NMR(101MHz,MeOD)δ174.5,172.1,171.7,170.4,158.9,136.5,126.8(2C),124.1,120.9(2C),62.9,59.5,58.6,53.0,38.4,34.7,33.0,29.8,29.2,27.9,27.2,25.0,23.6,17.5,16.9,12.7。
7-(((S)-1-(((S)-1-((4-(溴甲基)苯基)氨基)-1-氧代-5-脲基戊-2-基)氨基)-3-甲基-1-氧代丁-2-基)氨基)-7-氧代庚酸乙酯[18]
在0℃将三溴化磷(0.043mL,0.46mmol)加入到化合物[17](170mg,0.31mmol)在无水四氢呋喃(5mL)中的溶液中。将该混合物保持在0℃ 3小时。使该反应混合物直接上硅胶柱进行使用1-6%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液的快速色谱纯化,得到产物[18],为白色固体,170mg(90%收率)。MS:m/z 613[M+H]+;635[M+Na]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,丙酮-d6)δ9.85(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),7.85(dd,J=25.2,8.1Hz,2H),7.39(dt,J=44.7,22.3Hz,2H),4.90–4.54(m,5H),4.19–3.97(m,2H),3.58(t,J=6.6Hz,1H),3.36(d,J=20.6Hz,2H),2.41(dd,J=21.3,6.3Hz,2H),2.33–2.16(m,3H),2.14–2.02(m,2H),2.04–1.93(m,2H),1.93–1.73(m,2H),1.71–1.46(m,2H),1.48–1.13(m,6H),1.11–0.77(m,8H)。
7-(((S)-3-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-1-((4-((((S)-7-氧代-6-((R)-5-氧代-吡咯烷-2-甲酰氨基)-7-(苯氨基)庚基)硫基)甲基)苯基)氨基)-5-脲基戊-2-基)氨基)丁-2-基)氨基)-7-氧代庚酸乙酯[19]
在50mL烧瓶中在N2气氛中将ST7612AA1(125mg,0.31mmol)溶于脱气的甲醇(8mL)。将硫代甲醇钠的1M脱气甲醇溶液(22mg,0.31mmol)在室温加入到第一种溶液中。将搅拌的混合物维持在室温30分钟。用N2吹扫该溶液5-10分钟,以消除MeSH,然后通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。将溶于少量无水二甲基甲酰胺的化合物[18](170mg,0.31mmol)加入到残余物中,将该混合物保持在室温16小时。通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,通过柱色谱法用1-40%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液纯化粗产物,得到[19],为无定形固体;106mg(40%收率)。MS:m/z 896[M+H]+;918[M+Na]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.60(s,4H),7.43–7.18(m,4H),7.13(s,1H),4.55(m,4H),4.40(m,2H),4.13(m,2H),3.66(m,6H),3.19(s,4H),2.75(s,2H),2.37(m,6H),2.11(s,2H),1.97(s,1H),1.82(s,2H),1.64(s,7H),1.42(s,4H),1.27(s,4H),1.01(s,6H)。
7-(((S)-3-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-1-((4-((((S)-7-氧代-6-((R)-5-氧代吡咯烷-2-甲酰氨基)-7-(苯氨基)庚基)硫基)甲基)苯基)氨基)-5-脲基戊-2-基)氨基)丁-2-基)氨基)-7-氧代庚酸[20]
将一水合氢氧化锂(42mg,1mmol)加入到[19](300mg,0.33mmol)在四氢呋喃/水/乙醇1:1:1混合物(12mL)中的溶液中。将该反应体系保持在室温下6小时,然后用乙酸乙酯稀释,用HCl 1N洗涤。将粗产物(180mg)直接用于下一步,无需任何纯化。MS:m/z 874[M+Li]+;890[M+Na]+.
7-(((S)-3-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-1-((4-((((S)-7-氧代-6-((R)-5-氧代吡咯烷-2-甲酰氨基)-7-(苯氨基)庚基)硫基)甲基)苯基)氨基)-5-脲基戊-2-基)氨基)丁-2-基)氨基)-7-氧代庚酸2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基酯(3),ST8132AA1.
将二环己基碳二亚胺(70mg,0.35mmol)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(34mg,0.3mmol)在室温加入到搅拌的化合物[20](180mg,0.20mmol)在无水二甲基甲酰胺(3mL)中的溶液中。将该混合物保持在室温16小时。过滤该反应中形成的白色固体以除去二环己基脲,用HCl0.1N和水洗涤有机相,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,真空除去溶剂。得到的残余物使用2-20%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液的快速柱色谱,得到活化的酸(3),为白色粘性固体,109mg(60%收率)。MS:m/z 987[M+Na]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ10.10(s,4H),9.95(s,1H),7.59(m,4H),7.33(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.24(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.08(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.00(s,1H),5.42(s,2H),4.43(d,J=14.3Hz,2H),3.67(s,1H),3.12–2.90(m,2H),2.84(s,4H),2.65(m,5H),2.53(s,6H),2.17(m,2H),1.63(m,10H),1.36(s,4H),0.94–0.75(m,8H)。
实施例4:有效负载(4)ST8190AA1的合成和表征
i.甲苯磺酰氯,TEA,THF;ii.NaN3,DMF;iii.氯甲酸对-硝基苯酯,DMAP,DCM;iv.N-(2-氨基乙基)马来酰亚胺三氟乙酸盐,DBU,DCM;v.PPh3,THF;vi.4-((2,5-二氧代-3-(((6S)-7-氧代-6-(5-氧代吡咯烷-2-甲酰氨基)-7-(苯氨基)庚基)硫基)吡咯烷-1-基)甲基)环己烷-1-甲酸HOBt,HBtU,DIPEA,THF。
2[-2-(2-{2-[2-(2-羟基乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙氧基}-乙氧基)-乙氧基]-乙基叠氮化物[21]
向六甘醇(50g,177mmol)和三乙胺(14mL,100mmol)在THF(250mL)中的溶液中加入在THF(250mL)中的对甲苯磺酰氯(13g,70mmol),将该溶液搅拌过夜。然后用CH2Cl2(200mL)稀释该溶液,用1N HCl(3x 150mL)和盐水(150mL)洗涤,用无水Na2SO4干燥。过滤和真空蒸发溶剂后,通过柱色谱法纯化残余物(硅胶,2%甲醇的CH2Cl2溶液),得到单甲苯磺酰基衍生物(24.4g,56mmol,与p-TsCl相比80%),为无色油状物:TLC(CH2Cl2:MeOH 95:5):Rf=0.32。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.79(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.33(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.09-4.07(m,2H),3.74-3.56(m,22H),2.97(br,1H,OH),2.44(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ=145.0,133.3,130.0,128.2,72.7,70.9-70.5,69.5,68.9,61.9,21.8;MS:m/z 437[M+H]+.
然后将该甲苯磺酰基衍生物(20.4g,56mmol)和NaN3(3.7g,57mmol)在DMF(150mL)中的混合物在室温搅拌过夜。真空蒸发DMF,将残余物溶于AcOEt,用过滤。减压蒸发AcOEt,得到纯的[21](14.6g,48mmol,85%):TLC(CH2Cl2:MeOH 94:6):Rf=0.38;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=3.72-3.57(m,22H),3.38-3.36(m,2H),2.80(bs,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ=72.8,70.7-70.1,61.8,50.7。
(2-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)乙基)氨基甲酸17-叠氮基-3,6,9,12,15-五氧杂十七基酯[22]
在0℃向[21](500mg,1.63mmol)在CH2Cl2(50ml)和DMAP(1g,9mmol)中的溶液中加入氯甲酸4-硝基苯酯(1.15g,5.7mmol)。将该混合物在室温搅拌2h。然后用CH2Cl2(50mL)稀释该溶液,用1N HCl(3x 25mL)和盐水(50mL)洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥。过滤和真空蒸发溶剂后,通过柱色谱法纯化残余物(CH2Cl2:MeOH 95:5)。分离黄色固体(501mg g,61%):Rf=0.75;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=8.23(dd,J=9.6,2.8Hz,2H),7.35(dd,J=9.5,2.9Hz,2H),4.43–4.35(m,2H),3.81–3.74(m,2H),3.74–3.52(m,24H),3.34(dd,J=6.6,3.5Hz,2H);MS:m/z471[M-H]-。将对-硝基衍生物(501mg,1mmol)和DBU(1.5ml,10mmol)溶于CH2Cl2,加入N-(2-氨基乙基)马来酰亚胺三氟乙酸盐(254mg,1mmol)。将该反应混合物在室温搅拌过夜。然后用CH2Cl2(25mL)稀释该溶液,用1N HCl(3x 10mL)和盐水(20mL)洗涤,用无水Na2SO4干燥。过滤和真空蒸发溶剂后,通过柱色谱法纯化残余物(CH2Cl2:MeOH 95:5),得到白色固体(47mg,0.1mmol,10%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.80(s,1H),3.92-3.50(m,24H),3.38-3.36(m,4H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ=171.2,157.2,135.6,72.8,70.7-70.1,61.8,50.7。MS:m/z474[M+H]+.
(2-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)乙基)氨基甲酸17-氨基-3,6,9,12,15-五氧杂十七基酯[23]
将[22](47mg,0.1mmol)在无水THF(10mL)中的溶液冷却至0℃。加入三苯膦(53g,0.2mmol),将该混合物在室温搅拌24h。然后将H2O(5mL)加入以水解中间体磷加合物,将该溶液在室温再搅拌24h。蒸发THF,将固体残余物混悬于水(10mL)。过滤不溶性盐,用甲苯(5x5mL)洗涤滤液,蒸发,得到[23](44mg,0.1mmol,99%),为淡黄色油状物,不经进一步纯化用于下一步。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.80(s,1H),3.92-3.50(m,22H),3.38-3.36(m,4H)3.01-3.11(m,2H),1.81(bs,2H);MS:m/z 448[M+H]+.
(2-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)乙基)氨基甲酸1-((1S,4R)-4-((2,5-二氧代-3-(((6S)-7-氧代-6-(5-氧代吡咯烷-2-甲酰氨基)-7-(苯氨基)庚基)硫基)吡咯烷-1-基)甲基)环己基)-1-氧代-5,8,11,14,17-五氧杂-2-氮杂十九烷-19-基酯(4),ST8190AA1
将4-((2,5-二氧代-3-(((6S)-7-氧代-6-(5-氧代吡咯烷-2-甲酰氨基)-7-(苯氨基)庚基)硫基)吡咯烷-1-基)甲基)环己烷-1-甲酸(60mg,0.1mmol)溶于无水THF(15mL),将该反应混合物冷却至0℃。加入HOBt(20mg,0.15mmol)、HBTU(57mg,0.15mmol)、[23](44mg,0.1mmol)和DIPEA(48μL,0.25mmol),将该反应混合物在室温搅拌过夜。然后用AcOEt(15mL)稀释该溶液,用H2O(3x 10mL)萃取。用无水Na2SO4干燥有机相,过滤和真空蒸发溶剂后,通过柱色谱法纯化残余物(CH2Cl2:MeOH 98:2),得到ST8190AA1,为无色油状物(31mg,0.03mmol,10%)。MS:m/z 1031[M+H]+。
实施例5:有效负载(5)ST8189AA1的合成和表征
i.EtOCOCH2Br,NaH,THF;ii.LiOH,THF,H2O,EtOH;iii.N-(2-氨基乙基)马来酰亚胺三氟乙酸盐,DBU,DCM;iv.PPh3,THF;v.4-((2,5-二氧代-3-(((6S)-7-氧代-6-(5-氧代吡咯烷-2-甲酰氨基)-7-(苯氨基)庚基)硫基)-吡咯烷-1-基)甲基)环己烷-1-甲酸,HOBt,HBtU,DIPEA,THF。
20-叠氮基-3,6,9,12,15,18-六氧杂二十烷酸[24]
将NaH 60重量%的矿物油溶液(29mg,0.39mmol)混悬于无水THF(5mL),在0℃缓慢地加入[21](100mg,0.32mmol)在无水THF(3mL)中的溶液。在0℃搅拌20min,加入溴乙酸乙基酯(53μL,0.48mmol)在无水THF(3mL)中的溶液,将该混合物在室温搅拌过夜。缓慢地加入H2O(1mL),减压蒸发溶剂。通过快速色谱法纯化得到的固体(CH2Cl2:MeOH 95:5),得到淡玫瑰色油,定量收率(51mg,0.13mmol)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=4.28(s,2H);4.21(q,2H);3.92-3.50(m,22H),3.38-3.36(m,4H),2.05-1.98(m,2H);1.23(t,3H);MS:m/z 394[M+H]+。将该乙酯(51mg,0.13mmol)溶于1:1:1H2O、THF和EtOH的混合物(15mL),加入LiOH一水合物(16mg,0.39mmol)。将该混合物回流搅拌2h,然后加入HCl至pH 7。减压蒸发溶剂,用EtOH(2x10mL)洗涤得到的固体。蒸发该溶液,得到[24]的无色油状物(47mg,0.13mmol),直接用于下一步。MS:m/z 364[M+H]+.
20-氨基-N-(2-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)乙基)-3,6,9,12,15,18-六氧杂二十酰胺[25]
将[24](47mg,0.13mmol)溶于无水THF(15mL),将该反应混合物冷却至0℃。加入HOBt(26mg,0.2mmol)、HBtU(76mg,0.2mmol)、N-(2-氨基乙基)马来酰亚胺三氟乙酸盐(33mg,0.13mmol)和DIPEA(63μL,0.33mmol),将该反应混合物在室温搅拌过夜。然后用AcOEt(15mL)稀释该溶液,用H2O(3x 10mL)萃取。用无水Na2SO4干燥有机相,过滤和真空蒸发溶剂后,通过柱色谱法纯化残余物(CH2Cl2:MeOH 98:2),得到无色油状物(49mg,0.10mmol)。MS:m/z 488[M+H]+.
在0℃将得到的叠氮基衍生物(49mg,0.10mmol)溶于无水THF(10mL)。加入三苯膦(53g,0.2mmol),将该混合物在室温搅拌24h。然后加入H2O(5mL)以水解中间体磷加合物,将该溶液在室温再搅拌24h。蒸发THF,将固体残余物混悬于水(10mL)。过滤不溶性盐,用甲苯(5x 5mL)洗涤滤液,蒸发,得到[25](46mg,0.1mmol,99%),为淡黄色油状物,不经进一步纯化用于下一步。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=8.03(bs,1H);7.80(s,1H),4.26(s,2H);3.92-3.50(m,26H),3.03-3.07(m,2H),1.81(bs,2H);MS:m/z 462[M+H]+。
N-((2S)-7-((1-((4-((1-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-4-氧代-6,9,12,15,18,21-六氧杂-3-氮杂二十三烷-23-基)氨基甲酰基)环己基)甲基)-2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-3-基)硫基)-1-氧代-1-(苯氨基)庚-2-基)-5-氧代吡咯烷-2-甲酰胺(5),ST8189AA1
将4-((2,5-二氧代-3-(((6S)-7-氧代-6-(5-氧代吡咯烷-2-甲酰氨基)-7-(苯氨基)庚基)硫基)吡咯烷-1-基)甲基)环己烷-1-甲酸(60mg,0.1mmol)溶于无水THF(15mL),将该反应混合物冷却至0℃。加入HOBt(20mg,0.15mmol)、HBtU(57mg,0.15mmol)、[25](46mg,0.1mmol)和DIPEA(48μL,0.25mmol),将该反应混合物在室温搅拌过夜。然后用AcOEt(15mL)稀释该溶液,用H2O(3x 10mL)萃取。用无水Na2SO4干燥有机相,过滤和真空蒸发溶剂后,通过柱色谱法纯化残余物(CH2Cl2:MeOH 98:2),得到有效负载ST8189AA1,为无色油状物(21mg,0.02mmol,20%)。MS:m/z 1045[M+H]+.
实施例6:有效负载(6)ST8191AA1的合成和表征
i.PPh3,THF;ii.4-((2,5-二氧代-3-(((6S)-7-氧代-6-(5-氧代吡咯烷-2-甲酰氨基)-7-(苯氨基)庚基)硫基)-吡咯烷-1-基)甲基)环己烷-1-甲酸,DCC,NHS,DCM;iii.DCC,NHS,DCM。
1-(4-((2,5-二氧代-3-(((6S)-7-氧代-6-(5-氧代吡咯烷-2-甲酰氨基)-7-(苯氨基)庚基)硫基)吡咯烷-1-基)甲基)环己基)-1-氧代-5,8,11,14,17,20-六氧杂-2-氮杂二十二烷-22-酸[26]
在0℃将叠氮化物[24](49mg,0.10mmol)溶于无水THF(10mL)。加入三苯膦(53mg,0.2mmol),将该混合物在室温搅拌24h。然后加入H2O(5mL)以水解中间体磷加合物,将该溶液在室温再搅拌24h。蒸发THF,将固体残余物混悬于水(10mL)。过滤不溶性盐,用甲苯(5x5mL)洗涤滤液,蒸发,得到20-氨基-3,6,9,12,15,18-六氧杂二十烷酸(46mg,0.1mmol,99%),为淡黄色油状物,不经进一步纯化用于下一步。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ=12.0(bs,1H);4.26(s,2H);3.92-3.50(m,22H),3.03-3.07(m,2H),1.81(bs,2H);MS:m/z 340[M+H]+。在室温向包含二环己基-碳二亚胺(0.11mmol)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(0.1mmol)在无水CH2Cl2中的溶液中加入在无水CH2Cl2(5mL)中的4-((2,5-二氧代-3-(((6S)-7-氧代-6-(5-氧代吡咯烷-2-甲酰氨基)-7-(苯氨基)庚基)硫基)-吡咯烷-1-基)甲基)环己烷-1-甲酸(80mg,0.11mmol),将该混合物在室温搅拌3小时。用二氯甲烷过滤白色固体以除去二环己基脲,用HCl 0.1N和H2O洗涤有机相,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压除去溶剂。得到的残余物通过快速柱色谱纯化,得到活化的酸,为白色蜡状物质(收率90%),将其溶于二甲氧基乙烷(5mL),用溶于四氢呋喃和碳酸氢钠水溶液的混合物(15mg,0.15mmol在2mL水中)中的20-氨基-3,6,9,12,15,18-六氧杂二十烷酸(46mg,0.1mmol)处理。将该反应体系在室温搅拌16小时。加入柠檬酸的15%水溶液(2.5mL),用10%异丙醇的乙酸乙酯溶液(2x 5mL)处理该混合物。通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。添加乙醚和用超声照射后,得到形成的固体。过滤,然后用乙醚洗涤,得到[26],为白色固体,65mg(70%)。MS:m/z 918[M-H]-。
1-(4-((2,5-二氧代-3-(((6S)-7-氧代-6-(5-氧代吡咯烷-2-甲酰氨基)-7-(苯氨基)庚基)硫基)吡咯烷-1-基)甲基)环己基)-1-氧代-5,8,11,14,17,20-六氧杂-2-氮杂二十二烷-22-酸2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基酯(6),ST8191AA1。
将在无水CH2Cl2(5mL)中的化合物[26](65mg,0.07mmol)在室温加入到二环己基-碳二亚胺(0.1mmol)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(0.07mmol)的溶液中,将该混合物在室温搅拌3小时。用二氯甲烷过滤白色固体,以除去二环己基脲,用HCl 0.1N和H2O洗涤有机相,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压除去溶剂。得到的残余物通过快速柱色谱纯化,得到活化的酸,为白色固体,61mg(85%)。MS:m/z 1020[M+H]+。
实施例7:有效负载(9)ST8217A1的合成和表征
(1R,4R)-4-((6-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)己酰氨基)甲基)环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯[27]
在圆底烧瓶中在N2气氛中将乙酰氯(1.01mL,14.26mmol)加入到酸[7](1.00g,2.85mmol)在MeOH(50mL)中的溶液中。将得到的溶液在室温搅拌3h,然后真空浓缩该溶液。将残余物溶于CH2Cl2(30mL),用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(3x 15mL)和盐水(2x15 mL)洗涤。用硫酸钠干燥有机相,过滤,真空浓缩,得到950mg(2.61mmol)化合物[27],为白色固体(收率92%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δppm,J Hz):δ6.65(s,2H),3.62(s,3H),3.50-3.46(m,2H),3.07(t,J=6.4,2H),2.23-2.11(m,3H),1.97(dd,J=13.6,2.8,2H),1.78(dd,J=12.8,2.0,2H),1.66-1.55(m,4H),1.44-1.26(m,5H),0.99-0.92(m,2H)。MS:m/z 365[M+1]+;387[M+23]+。TLC Rf:0.75(CH2Cl2:MeOH 9:1)。
(1R,4R)-4-((6-(3-((4-(羟基甲基)苯基)硫基)-2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基)己酰氨基)甲基)环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯[28]
在圆底烧瓶中在N2气氛中将(4-巯基苯基)甲醇[36](548mg,3.91mmol)加入到化合物[27](950mg,2.61mmol)在CH3CN(20mL)中的溶液中。将得到的溶液在室温搅拌3h,然后真空浓缩该溶液。通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化粗反应混合物(石油醚:EtOAc 1:4),得到1024mg(2.03mmol)化合物[28],为淡黄色粘性油状物(收率78%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δppm,J Hz):δ7.46(d,J=7.6,2H),7.31(d,J=8.0,2H),5.81(bs,1H),4.67(s,2H),3.91-3.89(m,1H),3.63(s,3H),3.38-3.32(m,2H),3.16-3.03(m,4H),2.82(bs,1H),2.21-1.96(m,5H),1.77(d,J=12.8,2H),1.50-1.23(m,9H),1.02-0.92(m,2H)。MS:m/z 527[M+23]+;543[M+39]+.TLC Rf:0.3(EtOAc)。
(1R,4R)-4-((6-(3-((4-(溴甲基)苯基)硫基)-2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基)己酰氨基)甲基)环己烷-1-甲酸甲酯[29]
在圆底烧瓶中在N2气氛中在0℃将PBr3(28μL,0.30mmol)加入到醇[28](100mg,0.20mmol)在无水THF(5mL)中的溶液中。将得到的溶液在0℃搅拌2h,然后温热至室温,添加CH2Cl2(1mL)后,该溶液变成橙色,真空浓缩。通过硅胶快速色谱法纯化粗的反应混合物(EtOAc 100%),得到78mg(0.14mmol)化合物[29],为亮橙色油状物(收率70%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δppm,J Hz):δ7.56(d,J=8,2H),7.31(d,J=8.0,2H),4.66(s,2H),3.92-3.89(m,1H),3.60(s,3H),3.37-3.32(m,2H),3.16-3.05(m,4H),2.21-1.99(m,5H),1.77(d,J=12.4,2H),1.50-1.28(m,9H),1.01-0.92(m,2H)。MS:m/z 589,591[M+23]+。TLC Rf:0.6(EtOAc)。
对-{[N-8-苯胺基-8-氧代辛酰基(氨基氧基)]甲基}苯基硫基)-2,5-二氧代-1-吡咯烷基]己酰基氨基}甲基)环己烷甲酸酯[30]
在小瓶中在N2气氛中,在室温混合溴化物[29](78mg,0.14mmol)、SAHA(50mg,0.18mmol)和1mL无水DMF。滴加新鲜蒸馏的DIPEA(45mg,0.36mmol),将该溶液在室温搅拌12h。然后通过旋转蒸发和高度真空除去溶剂。通过快速柱色谱纯化残余物,使用梯度0-20%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液,得到产物[30],为白色固体48mg,45%收率。MS:m/z 751.4[M+H]+。
4-({6-[3-(对-{[N-8-苯胺基-8-氧代辛酰基(氨基氧基)]甲基}苯基硫基)-2,5-二氧代-1-吡咯烷基]己酰基氨基}甲基)环己烷甲酸2,5-二氧代-1-吡咯烷基酯(9),ST8217AA1
将一水合氢氧化锂(8mg,0,18mmol)加入到[30](48mg,0.063mmol)在四氢呋喃/水/乙醇1:1:1的混合物(6mL)中的溶液中。将该反应体系保持在室温下2小时,然后用乙酸乙酯稀释,用HCl 1N洗涤。将粗产物(25mg)直接用于下一步,无需任何纯化。在室温将二环己基碳二亚胺(11mg,0.05mmol)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(6mg,0.045mmol)加入到搅拌的上述得到的粗产物(25mg,0.034mmol)在无水DMF(0,80mL)中的溶液中。将该混合物保持在室温下16小时。用二氯甲烷过滤该反应中形成的白色固体,以除去二环己基脲,用HCl 0.1N和水洗涤有机相,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。得到的残余物进行使用梯度0-2%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液的快速柱色谱,得到活化的酸ST8217AA1,为白色粘性固体;MS:m/z 856.4[M+Na]+。
实施例8:有效负载(10)ST8201AA1的合成和表征
7-(((S)-3-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-1-((4-(((8-氧代-8-(苯氨基)辛酰氨基)氧基)甲基)苯基)氨基)-5-脲基戊-2-基)氨基)丁-2-基)氨基)-7-氧代庚酸乙酯[31]
在小瓶中在N2气氛中,在室温混合溴化物[18](60mg,0.09mmol)、SAHA(28mg,0.10mmol)和1mL无水DMF。滴加新鲜蒸馏的DIPEA(25mg,0.20mmol),将该溶液在室温搅拌12h。然后通过旋转蒸发和高度真空除去溶剂。通过快速柱色谱纯化残余物,使用梯度0-20%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液,得到产物[31],为白色固体48mg,68%收率。MS:m/z 795.9[M+H]+,818.0[M+Na]+.1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ7.63-7.598(m,2H),7.57(d,J=8Hz,2H),7.39(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.313(t,J=8Hz,2H),7.09(t,J=8;1H),4,89(s,2H),4.58(s,2H),4.20(d,J=7.2,1H),4.14(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.10(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),3,56-3,45(m,1H),3,34(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),2,41-2,37(m,1H),2,34-2,30(m,2H),2,13-2,06(m,2H),1,79-1,60(m,4H),1,42-1,36(m,4H),1,28-1,24(m,3H),1,01-0,97(m,6H)。
7-(((S)-3-甲基-1-氧代-1-(((S)-1-氧代-1-((4-((((S)-7-氧代-6-((R)-5-氧代吡咯烷-2-甲酰氨基)-7-(苯氨基)庚基)硫基)甲基)苯基)氨基)-5-脲基戊-2-基)氨基)丁-2-基)氨基)-7-氧代庚酸2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基酯(10),ST8201AA1
将一水合氢氧化锂(8mg,0,18mmol)加入到40(48mg,0.06mmol)在四氢呋喃/水/乙醇1:1:1的混合物(6mL)中的溶液中。将该反应体系保持在室温下6小时,然后用乙酸乙酯稀释,用HCl 1N洗涤。将粗产物(25mg)直接用于下一步,无需任何纯化。MS:m/z 765.7[M-H]-。在室温将二环己基碳二亚胺(11mg,0.05mmol)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(6mg,0.045mmol)加入到搅拌的上述得到的粗产物(25mg,0.03mmol)在无水DMF(0,80mL)中的溶液中。将该混合物保持在室温下16小时。用二氯甲烷过滤该反应中形成的白色固体,以除去二环己基脲,用HCl 0.1N和水洗涤有机相,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。得到的残余物进行使用梯度0-2%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液的快速柱色谱,得到活化的酸ST8201AA1,为白色粘性固体;MS:m/z 887.2[M+Na]+。
实施例9:有效负载(22)ST8227AA1的合成和表征
有效负载(22)ST8227AA1的合成和表征:在冷却至0℃的小瓶中在N2气氛下,将化合物[17](50mg,0.09mmol)和氯甲酸4-硝基苯酯(62mg,0.3mmol)、3mL无水DCM(含1滴无水DMF)和4-二甲基氨基吡啶(60mg,0.49mmol)混合在一起。然后将混合物在室温搅拌,并用TLC监测。当完成[17]的反应转化时,加入MS275(40mg,0.10mmol),将该反应体系在室温再搅拌12h。然后用二氯甲烷稀释该混合物,用HCl 1N洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。将粗酯溶于1:1:1的H2O、THF和EtOH的混合物(5mL),加入一水合LiOH(8.2mg,0.2mmol)。将该混合物回流搅拌2h,然后加入HCl直到pH 7。减压蒸发溶剂,用EtOH(2x10mL)洗涤得到的固体。蒸发该溶液,得到无色油状物。将粗酯溶于1:1:1的H2O、THF和EtOH的混合物(5mL),加入一水合LiOH(8.2mg,0.2mmol)。将该混合物回流搅拌2h,然后加入HCl直到pH 7。减压蒸发溶剂,用EtOH(2x 2mL)洗涤得到的固体。通过使用梯度0-20%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液的快速柱色谱纯化残余物,得到产物ST8227AA1,为固体(12mg,13%收率)。MS:m/z 1044.3[M+Na]+。
实施例10.有效负载(7)ST8197AA1的合成和表征
将N-苯基-7-巯基-庚酰胺(ST7660AA1)(60mg,0.25mmol)混悬于脱气的甲醇(1mL);在室温将化合物[7](84mg,0.24mmol)加入到搅拌的混合物中,几分钟后,变成澄清溶液。将该溶液保持在搅拌和室温下20小时,直至TLC监测显示[7]完全转化。然后通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,通过使用梯度2-10%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液的柱色谱法纯化粗物质。得到化合物[33],为白色固体,115mg(81%收率)。MS:m/z 610[M+Na]+。
1H NMR(500Mhz,dmso-d6)δ11.97(bs,1H),9.85(s,1H),7.72(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),7.59(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.28(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.02(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),3.93(dd,J=9.0,3.7Hz,1H),3.35(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),3.18(dd,J=18.3,9.0,1H),2.88(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.79–2.63(m,2H),2.30(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),2.14–2.05(m,1H),2.04(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.92–1.84(m,2H),1.74–1.67(m,2H),1.63–1.15(m,18H),0.94–0.83(m,2H)。
将化合物[33](110mg,0.19mmol)混悬于包含0.12mL二甲基甲酰胺的无水二氯甲烷(5.5mL)。在室温加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(33mg,0.28mmol)和N-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N’-乙基-碳二亚胺盐酸盐(61mg,0.32mmol)。将该反应混合物在室温搅拌24小时。用二氯甲烷(70mL)稀释该混合物,用水(40mL)和盐水(30mL)洗涤。用Na2SO4干燥有机相,过滤,通过旋转蒸发浓缩。通过使用2-6%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液的快速色谱法纯化粗产物。得到产物ST8197AA1,为白色固体,97mg(76%收率)。MS:m/z 707[M+Na]+。
1H NMR(500Mhz,dmso-d6)δ9.83(s,1H),7.73(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),7.59(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.28(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.02(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),3.94(dd,J=8.8,3.4Hz,1H),3.36(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),3.18(dd,J=18.3,8.8,1H),2.91(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.81(s,4H),2.80–2.62(m,3H),2.30(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),2.18–1.97(m,4H),1.80–1.72(m,2H),1.64–1.27(m,16H),1.27–1.15(m,2H),1.06–0.94(m,2H)。
13C NMR(500Mhz,dmso-d6)δ177.2,175.6,172.3,171.6,171.4,170.7,139.8,129.1,123.4,119.5,44.8,39.6,38.5,37.1,36.8,36.3,35.6,30.8,29.3(4C),29.0,28.7,28.6,28.4,27.3,26.3,25.9,25.4,25.3。
实施例11:有效负载(11)和(12)的合成和表征,分别为ST8215AA1和ST8216AA1
6-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-(丙-2-炔-1-基)己酰胺[35]:在包含化合物[34](500mg,2,37mmol)在无水CH2CL2(25mL)中的溶液的烧瓶中,在N2气氛中在0℃加入炔丙基胺(162μL,2,37mmol)、HOBt H2O(435mg,2,84mmol)、HBTU(1077mg,2,84mmol)和DIPEA(1,24mL,7,10mmol),将该混合物在室温搅拌16h。反应完成后,用二氯甲烷稀释该混合物,用水、HCl 1N和盐水洗涤。收集有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。得到的残余物使用中压系统Buchi的快速柱色谱(硅胶;梯度石油醚/乙酸乙酯B%0-65,4分钟,65-65,7’,65-100,2’)纯化。得到化合物[35](312mg,收率53%),为白色固体。MS:m/z 270.8[M+Na]+1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ6.64(s,2H),5.95(s,1H),3.98(dd,J=4,4Hz,2H),3.45(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.16((dt,J=15.0,4.9Hz,2H),1.68–1.47(m,4H),1.31–1.19(m,2H)。
(4-巯基苯基)甲醇[36]:向在三颈烧瓶中在N2气氛中搅拌的4-巯基苯甲酸(2.0g,13mmol)在无水THF(25mL)中的溶液中在0℃加入1M LiAlH4的THF溶液(39mL,39mmol),历时30’。将该混合物在室温保持12小时。然后在0℃冷却该反应体系,用3mL水猝灭,用HCl 1M酸化至pH 2。加入乙酸乙酯,用H2O和盐水洗涤有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。通过使用中压系统Buchi的快速柱色谱纯化得到的残余物(硅胶;梯度石油醚/乙酸乙酯B%0-25,3分钟,25-2,6’,25-100,3’),得到醇[36](1.2mg,收率66%),为黄色固体。MS:m/z 141.2[M+H]+1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.25–7.06(m,4H),4.43(s,2H),3.72(s,1H),3.48(s,1H)。
6-(3-((4-(羟基甲基)苯基)硫基)-2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(丙-2-炔-1-基)己酰胺[37]:向搅拌的马来酰亚胺[35](200mg,0,8mmol)在无水MeCN(8mL)中的溶液中加入硫醇[36](135mg,0,96mmol),将该反应混合物在N2气氛中在室温搅拌4小时。反应完成后,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,残余物通过使用中压系统Buchi的快速柱色谱纯化(硅胶;梯度石油醚/乙酸乙酯B%0-80,5分钟,80-90,8’,90-100,1’),得到[37](134mg,收率43%),为黄色油状物。MS:m/z 410.8[M+Na]+,426.9[M+K]+;1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.58(dd,J=16.5,8.1Hz,2H),7.44(dd,J=14.6,8.1Hz,2H),4.68(s,2H),4.24(dd,J=9.1,3.7Hz,1H),4.01(d,J=4Hz,2H),3.42(dd,J=15.1,7.9Hz,2H),3.29(dd,J=18.7,9.1Hz,1H),2.72(dd,J=18.7,3.7Hz,1H),2.23(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),1.68–1.60(m,3H),1.53–1.44(m,3H),1.31–1.16(m,2H)。
6-(3-((4-(溴甲基)苯基)硫基)-2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基)-N-(丙-2-炔-1-基)己酰胺[38]:在0℃将PBr3(76μL,0.81mmol)加入到化合物[37](210mg,0.54mmol)在无水THF(3mL)中的溶液中,将该混合物保持在0℃下3h。蒸发溶剂后,通过使用梯度0-60%乙酸乙酯的石油醚溶液的快速色谱法纯化粗产物,得到产物[38](245mg,收率>99%),为橙色固体。MS:m/z 472.8[M+Na]+;488.9[M+K]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.49(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.36(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),4.46(s,2H),4.04(s,2H),3.58–3.34(m,4H),3.16(dd,J=18.7,9.2Hz,1H),2.69(dd,J=18.8,4.0Hz,1H),2.30–2.12(m,3H),1.74–1.58(m,3H),1.56–1.43(m,3H),1.27(dd,J=16.0,8Hz,2H)。
N1-((4-((2,5-二氧代-1-(6-氧代-6-(丙-2-炔-1-基氨基)己基)吡咯烷-3-基)硫基)苄基)氧基)-N8-苯基辛二酰胺[39]:将SAHA(96mg,0,36mmol)溶于6mL MeOH,加入NaOH40%溶液(76μL,0,76mmol)。10min后,在N2气氛中将该溶混合至包含溴化物[38](245mg,0,54mmol)的烧瓶。该溶液即刻变成紫色,5-10分钟后,TLC显示产物形成[39]。快速浓缩甲醇,用二氯甲烷稀释反应粗产物,用HCl 1N洗涤以中和碱。用无水硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。通过快速柱色谱用梯度0-80%乙酸乙酯的石油醚溶液纯化残余物,得到产物[39](90mg,收率40%),为白色固体。MS:m/z 656.8[M+Na]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.16(s,2H),7.50(d,J=4Hz,2H),7.41(d,J=4Hz,2H),7.33–7.23(m,3H),7.03(d,J=4Hz,2H),4.84(s,2H),3.95(s,2H),3.40–3.31(m,2H),3.10(dd,J=20,8Hz,1H),2.64(dd,J=18.8,4.0Hz,1H),2.29(s,2H),2.19(s,2H),2.11(s,2H),1.64–1.57(m,6H),1.29–1.22(m,8H),1.10(s,2H),0.83(d,J=8.4Hz,1H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ175.02(s),174.58(d,J=89.2Hz),172.58(s),171.55(s),137.86(s),137.84(s),134.37–127.29(m),127.98–127.29(m),123.66(s),119.52(s),79.30(s),71.03(s),43.28(s),36.62(dd,J=207.0,92.0Hz),35.71(s),35.59(d,J=25.1Hz),35.46(s),29.24(s),28.20(dd,J=148.7,99.9Hz),26.74–26.34(m),26.34–24.48(m),24.49(s),24.49(s)。
6-叠氮基己酸[40]:在密封小瓶中将在5mL二甲基甲酰胺中的6-溴己酸(200mg,1,02mmol)和叠氮化钠(333mg,5,12mmol)在100℃加热16小时。冷却后,用乙酸乙酯稀释该反应体系,用KHSO4 1M、H2O和盐水洗涤。采集有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。得到纯的产物[40](158mg,99%),为棕色油状物,MS:m/z 155.8[M-H]-;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ10.49(s,1H),3.21–3.18(m,2H),2.28(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),1.84–1.45(m,4H),1.38–1.31(m,2H)。
6-(4-((6-(2,5-二氧代-3-((4-(((8-氧代-8-(苯氨基)辛酰氨基)氧基)甲基)苯基)硫基)吡咯烷-1-基)己酰氨基)甲基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基)己酸[41]:通过氩气/真空循环(3x)给搅拌的化合物[40](17mg,0.11mmol)和化合物[39]在无水DMF(11mL)中的溶液脱气。向该溶液中加入预先用氩气/真空循环(3x)脱气的新鲜制备的Cu(OAc)2(7mg,0.03mmol)和抗坏血酸钠(13mg,0.07mmol)的水性混合物(5,5mL)。再给该反应混合物脱气,保持在氩气气氛中在室温搅拌72小时。反应完成后,浓缩粗产物,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。得到的残余物通过使用梯度0-16%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液的快速柱色谱纯化,得到三唑[441](55mg,收率62%),为橙色固体;MS:m/z 813.8[M+Na]+1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.86(s,2H),7.59–7.46(m,4H),7.37(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.26(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),7.04(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.37(s,2H),4.21(s,2H),3.33(dd,J=12.9,4.9Hz,4H),3.18(dd,J=20,8Hz,1H),2.60(dd,J=18.8,4.0Hz,1H),2.42–2.12(m,5H),2.02(s,2H),1.88(s,2H),1.76–1.47(m,8H),1.49–1.23(m,10H),1.17(s,2H),0.86(s,1H)。13C NMR(100MHz,MeOD)δ140.29–139.14(m),139.14–134.26(m),132.86(s),139.14–108.94(m),107.34(s),76.31(s),35.28(s),28.04(s),25.16(d,J=61.4Hz),24.57(s)。
6-(4-((6-(2,5-二氧代-3-((4-(((8-氧代-8-(苯氨基)辛酰氨基)氧基)甲基)苯基)硫基)吡咯烷-1-基)己酰氨基)甲基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基)己酸2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基酯(11),ST8215AA1:将二环己基碳二亚胺(21mg,0,10mmol)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(10mg,0,09mmol)在室温加入到搅拌的化合物[41](55mg,0.06mmol)在无水二甲基甲酰胺(0,80mL)中的溶液中。将该混合物保持在室温下16小时。用二氯甲烷过滤该反应中形成的白色固体,用水洗涤有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。得到的残余物进行使用梯度0-8%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液的快速柱色谱,得到活化的酸ST8215AA1,为白色粘性固体(24mg,45%);MS:m/z 910.8[M+Na]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.07(s,2H),7.52(s,2H),7.44(s,2H),7.32(s,2H),7.23(s,3H),7.04(s,1H),4.87(s,2H),4.45(s,2H),4.31(s,2H),3.32(s,2H),3.13(s,1H),2.79(s,4H),2.65(s,2H),2.55(s,2H),2.29(s,2H),2.12(s,2H),1.89(s,2H),1.78–1.48(m,8H),1.47–1.12(m,10H),1.07(s,2H),0.83(s,1H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ134.50(s),129.24(s),128.49(s),124.47–123.71(m),121.49(d,J=420.4Hz),49.89(s),43.30(s),38.48(s),36.87(s),35.65(s),34.39(s),32.54(s),30.25(s),29.25(s),28.04(s),26.23(d,J=107.2Hz),24.84(s),25.38–23.33(m),24.55(s),24.96–23.33(m),23.47(s)。
N1-((4-((1-(6-(((1-(6-((2-(2,5-二氧代-2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯-1-基)乙基)氨基)-6-氧代己基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-基)甲基)氨基)-6-氧代己基)-2,5-二氧代吡咯烷-3-基)硫基)苄基)氧基)-N8-苯基辛二酰胺(12),ST8216AA1:在0℃在N2气氛中向搅拌的[41](15mg,0,02mmol)在无水THF/DMF 3:1的混合物(1,33mL)中的溶液中加入N-(2-氨基乙基)马来酰亚胺(3,3mg,0,02mmol)、HOBt H20(4mg,0,03mmol)、HBTU(11mg,0,03mmol)和DIPEA(7μL,0,05mmol)。添加后,将该混合物保持在室温12小时,然后用二氯甲烷稀释,用水洗涤。用无水硫酸钠干燥有机相,过滤,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。得到的残余物进行使用0-8%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液的梯度的快速柱色谱,得到产物ST8216AA1(13mg,收率72%),为白色粘性固体。MS:m/z 936.6[M+Na]+;1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.86(s,3H),7.60–7.42(m,5H),7.38–7.35(m,2H),7.25(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.03(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.77(s,2H),4.86(s,2H),4.35(dd,J=15.7,8.7Hz,4H),3.69(t,J=4Hz,2H),3.56(t,J=4Hz,2H),3.43–3.28(m,5H),3.24–3.13(m,2H),2.32(t,J=8Hz,2H),2.15(dd,J=14.9,7.5Hz,2H),2.04(dd,J=13.3,6.0Hz,2H),1.92–1.77(m,2H),1.77–1.50(m,8H),1.50–1.12(m,10H),0.86(s,1H)。
实施例12:基于帕比司他和达西司他的有效负载的通用合成方法基于达西司他的有效负载(15)ST8233AA1的合成和表征
3-(对-{[N-(E)-3-[对-({(2-羟基乙基)[2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基]氨基}甲基)苯基]丙烯酰基(氨基氧基)]甲基}苯基硫基)-1-[6-氧代-6-(2-丙炔基氨基)己基]-2,5-吡咯烷二酮[42]:将达西司他(100mg,0.29mmol)溶于6mL包含NaOH(40%水溶液,40μL,0.4mmol)的MeOH中。在室温搅拌15min后,将该溶液加入到包含溴化物[38](181mg,0.40mmol)的小瓶中。在室温搅拌5-10分钟后,TLC分析显示产物形成。快速蒸发甲醇,用二氯甲烷稀释反应粗产物,用HCl 1N洗涤以中和碱,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。通过快速柱色谱用梯度0-80%乙酸乙酯的石油醚溶液纯化残余物,得到产物[42](95mg,收率44%),为白色固体。MS:m/z 772.6[M+Na]+.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ,7.83–7.72(m,2H),7.65–7.30(m,10H),7.25–7.07(m,2H),7.13–7.05(m,1H),6.81(m,1H),6.64(t-样,1H),4.80(m,1H),4.69–4.54(m,2H),4.34–4.18(m,2H),4.05(m,1H),3.91–3.45(m,7H),3.32–2.77(m,8H),2.66(m,1H),2.36–2.12(m,4H),1.76–1.26(m,8H)。
6-[4-({6-[3-(对-{[N-(E)-3-[对-({(2-羟基乙基)[2-(1H-吲哚-3-基)乙基]氨基}甲基)苯基]丙烯酰基(氨基氧基)]甲基}苯基硫基)-2,5-二氧代-1-吡咯烷基]己酰基氨基}甲基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基]己酸[43]:
在室温通过氩气/真空循环(3x)将搅拌的化合物[42](40mg,0.05mmol)和6-叠氮基己酸(16mg,0,10mmol)在无水DMF(10mL)中的溶液脱气。向该溶液中加入预先通过氩气/真空循环(3x)脱气的新鲜制备的Cu(OAc)2(7mg,0.03mmol)和抗坏血酸钠(13mg,0.07mmol)的水性混合物(5,5mL)。再将该反应混合物脱气,保持在氩气气氛中在室温搅拌72小时。反应完成后,浓缩粗产物,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。得到的残余物使用梯度0-16%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液的快速柱色谱纯化,得到三唑[43](35mg,收率77%),为固体。MS:m/z 930.7[M+Na]+。
有效负载(15)ST8233AA1的合成:将二环己基碳二亚胺(16mg,0,08mmol)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(7.7mg,0,07mmol)在室温加入到搅拌的化合物[43](35mg,0.04mmol)在无水DMF(0,80mL)中的溶液中。将该混合物在室温保持16h。用二氯甲烷过滤该反应中形成的白色固体,用水洗涤有机相,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。得到的残余物进行使用0-8%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液的梯度的快速柱色谱,得到活化的酸ST8233AA1,为白色粘性固体(14mg,35%);MS:m/z 1026.4[M+Na]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.94(bs,1H),8.92(bs,1H),7.90(bs,1H),7.61–7.47(m,1H),7.50–7.37(m,1H),7.33(m,2H),7.20(m,1H),7.15–6.86(m,1H),6.69(m,1H),4.80(m,1H),4.69–4.54(m,1H),4.49–4.12(m,2H),3.84(m 1H),3.69–3.52(m,1H),3.43–2.87(m,3H),2.88–2.35(m,3H),2.35–2.08(m,1H),2.02–1.23(m,5H)。
实施例13:通过将赖氨酸残基的ε-氨基与N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)缀合的ADC的合成和表征
在本文中,作为实例,由HDAC构成的ADC缀合至4种不同的抗体(曲妥珠单抗Roche;西妥昔单抗Merck;贝伐单抗Genentech/Roche;帕尼单抗Amgen)和2种商购的小鼠抗-人CD4抗体克隆SK3(也称作Leu3a)和克隆RPA-T4。特别地,已批准上市的抗体为识别ErbB2的曲妥珠单抗,识别ErbB1的西妥昔单抗和帕尼单抗,识别VEGFR的贝伐单抗。
使用10kDa截断的透析膜对抗体进行缓冲液交换,得到在PBS pH 7.4中的抗体溶液,并且除去干扰性防腐剂。透析后的浓度使用OD280测定,样品的吸光度读数除以1.36。
包含胺-反应性N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS酯)有效负载的10mM储备溶液在DMSO中制备,并且将20-倍摩尔过量的有效负载加入到每一种抗体溶液中。
将反应体系在室温温育,轻度连续混合,1小时后,通过添加20mM甘氨酸水溶液使其猝灭。
然后在4℃,使用10kDa截留膜在PBS中将终产物透析过夜,以便除去过量的未反应的有效负载。
DAR(药物-抗体比率)通过MALDI质谱法,应用Ultraflex III质谱仪(Bruker,GmbH)测定,该仪器以正线性模式操作。
简言之,使用PD离心截留柱(spin trap)G25(GE Healthcare),用水洗脱,将100μl未缀合的抗体和得到的ADC脱盐。
在溶于H2O:ACN(50:50,v/v)的0.1%TFA中制备10mg/ml s-DHB MALDI基质溶液。使用双层样品沉积法使2μl样品溶液(抗体或ADC)沉积在MALDI靶上。在50kDa-180kDa的质荷比范围获取质谱。
未缀合的与缀合的抗体之间的质量差异用于测定DAR。
抗体曲妥珠单抗、西妥昔单抗、帕尼单抗、贝伐单抗以及2种抗人CD4抗体用于在上述实验条件下的缀合反应。得到具有DAR为3-9的ADC。
通过MALDI质谱表征全部合成的ADC。基于赖氨酸的ADC的实例和基于半胱氨酸的ADC的实例报道在附图1-2中。
此处,仅作为例子,报道了ADC-(24)ST8154AA1的MALDI质谱(图1)。
实施例14:通过将半胱氨酸残基与包含马来酰亚胺的有效负载缀合而制备的ADC的合成和表征
使用10kDa截留透析膜对抗体进行缓冲液交换,得到在PBS pH 7.4中的抗体溶液,并且除去干扰性防腐剂。透析后的浓度使用OD280测定,样品的吸光度读数除以1.36。
抗体中的链间二硫化物的适度还原得到还原形式的未配对半胱氨酸,其适合与常规的马来酰亚胺连接基缀合,得到具有2-6药物/抗体比率的均质ADC。
为此目的,用水制备1mM TCEP-HCl储备溶液,并向抗体溶液中加入5倍摩尔过量的储备溶液。将反应在37℃下保持2小时,同时温和连续混合。将反应体系冷却。
由于TCEP为无硫醇化合物,因此不必要除去过量的还原剂,并且将在DMSO中制备的20倍摩尔过量的10mM基于马来酰亚胺的有效负载储备溶液加入到每一种还原的抗体溶液中。
将反应体系在室温下温育,温和连续混合,1小时后,加入20mM半胱氨酸水溶液使反应停止。
然后使用10kDa截留膜在4℃下将最终产物在PBS中彻底透析过夜,以除去过量的未反应的有效负载。
DAR(药物-抗体比率)通过疏水色谱法,使用MabPac HIC-丁基柱100mmx4.6mm,5μm(Thermo Fisher Scientific)测定。流动相A为1.5硫酸铵,50mM磷酸钠,pH7和异丙醇(95:5;v/v),流动相B为50mM磷酸钠,pH7和异丙醇(80:20;v/v)。
进样后将流动相A维持在100%1分钟,然后将流动相B在30分钟内增加至100%并保持5分钟。
在220和280nm记录UV曲线。根据本发明,通过包括在上述实验条件下的缀合反应的方法制备所有抗体,例如曲妥珠单抗和西妥昔单抗。获得具有平均DAR范围为3.5-4.6的ADC。
在本文中,作为实例,报道了ADC-(28)ST8176AA1的HIC色谱图(图2)。根据峰面积并应用以下公式计算DAR:
实施例15:结合肿瘤细胞的ErbB1和ErbB2受体的ADC的测定
通过FACS分析证实ADC与表达ErbB1和ErbB2的肿瘤细胞的结合。具有不同EGFR和ErbB2表达水平的各种肿瘤细胞系,包括肺(A549,H1975),乳腺(SKBR3),结肠(LS174T),卵巢(SKOV3),胰腺(CAPAN1和MIAPACA-2)和胃(N87)癌细胞系用于实验。将细胞沉淀在4℃下与PBS中的10μg/mL抗体或ADC温育1小时,然后在PBS中洗涤两次后,在4℃下用小鼠抗-人FITC-缀合的IgG(BD Pharmingen)染色1小时。在另外两次洗涤后,加入碘化丙锭(PI)并通过FACScalibur(Becton Dickinson)进行细胞相关的荧光分析。所有化合物显示以与游离抗体西妥昔单抗和曲妥珠单抗相当的方式结合受体(参见表3以及图3和4)。
表3.结合至ErbB1和ErbB2受体的ADC和内化
++为代表高度结合或内化的评分。
Cet=西妥昔单抗;Tras=曲妥珠单抗
实施例16:肿瘤细胞内化的测定
借助HCS荧光成像,通过Operetta系统(Perkin Elmer)评价ADC在与其同源受体结合后在肿瘤细胞内内化的能力。测试了几种肿瘤细胞类型,包括肺(A549,H1975),乳腺(SKBR3),结肠(LS174T),卵巢(SKOV3),胰腺(CAPAN1)和胃(N87)癌细胞系。将细胞接种在96-孔微量滴定板(0.5-1x104/孔)中,然后与5μg/mL抗体在培养基中在37℃下温育3小时。洗涤两次后,然后用PBS中的4%甲醛固定细胞,用PBS 0.2%Tween-20(PBS-T)透化,用PBS-T中的2%BSA封闭,最后用FITC缀合的小鼠抗-人IgG(BD Pharmingen)染色。通过高含量筛选(HCS)系统Operetta(Perkin Elmer)获得并分析荧光。用Draq5染料(Cell Signaling)对细胞进行复染色。
所有ADC与其同源受体结合并以与其天然副本抗体西妥昔单抗和曲妥珠单抗(参见表3)相当的方式被靶细胞内化(参见表3)。
实施例17:通过ELISA和Biacore测定ADC的结合
通过抗原特异性ELISA测试ADC的免疫反应性。简言之,将Immuno MAXISORP 96孔板(Nunc)在4℃下用50ng/孔的重组人EGF-R/ErbB1 Fc嵌合体(R&D)或重组人ErbB2/HER2蛋白(Sino Biological Inc.)包被过夜。用PBS/0.1%吐温(PT)溶液洗涤后,将板在室温(RT)下用含有1%BSA(PTB)的PT溶液封闭2小时,然后在室温下与连续稀释的抗体一起温育1小时。在另外洗涤后,在室温下加入在封闭溶液中1:1000稀释的抗-人K轻链辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)-缀合的抗体(Sigma Aldrich)。用PT溶液洗涤四次后,加入200μL/孔TMB底物(SigmaAldrich)并将板在37℃温育30分钟。通过添加100μL/孔的0.5M H2SO4溶液来阻断反应,并且通过ELISA分光光度计测量450nm处的光密度。
所有测试的ADC显示与其特异性受体反应,其效能与天然抗体西妥昔单抗和曲妥珠单抗相当(图5A和5B)。
通过在Biacore T200生物传感器(GE)上的表面等离子体共振(SPR)分析测量西妥昔单抗及其相应的ADC,ST8155AA1和ST8154AA1与EGFR/ErbB1 Fc嵌合体蛋白的结合亲和力。简言之,使用制造商提供的胺偶联试剂盒将EGFR/ErbB1 Fc嵌合体蛋白偶联至研究级羧甲基化葡聚糖传感器芯片(CM5,Biacore)。使用单循环动力学测定进行动力学分析,以避免大量使用对配体有害的再生过程(由于抗体在每个循环结束时不解离,因此需要再生)。在pH7.2的PBS运行缓冲液中以6.25-100nM的浓度范围注射抗体和ADC。化合物注射从低浓度高浓度,接触时间为180秒,解离时间为600秒。在25℃下以30μL/min的流速进行注射。使用10mM甘氨酸/HCl pH 2.5再生传感器芯片表面12-20秒。所有实验均一式两份进行。报告的Kon和Koff值是两次实验产生的值的平均值。KD=Koff/Kon(见表4)。
表4.ST8154AA1(24)和ST8155AA1(25)的Biacore分析
实施例18:雾化过程后ADC完整性的测定
最近已显示雾化作用是用于呼吸系统疾病中mAb的有希望的递送方法,其代表了用于将药物直接靶向肺部的非侵入性方法,从而限制向其他器官的暴露。
根据该前提,发明人试图通过HPLC分析评价雾化后ADC的恢复和完整性。简言之,通过常规喷射雾化器(AirFamily system,Pic indolor)将300μg/mL的ADC溶液(在PBS中)及其亲本抗体西妥昔单抗和曲妥珠单抗雾化5分钟。然后通过在Falcon管中输送雾来收集雾化的药物,并且与预雾化的样品相比,通过SEC-HPLC(TSKgel G3000 SWXL柱,TOSOHBioscience)分析100μL浓缩溶液。
通过测量相对于雾化前样品的每个相对峰的面积来计算雾化后恢复的百分比,并且在基于西妥昔单抗和基于曲妥珠单抗的ADC的情况下ADC的范围分别为50%至30%和40%至20%。根据每个色谱图的曲线,还评价每个雾化的ADC的完整性和聚集发生率,并与未雾化样品进行比较(参见表5)。
表5.在雾化后通过HPLC表征ADC
实施例19:ADC抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的能力的测定
对两种肺腺癌细胞系(NCI-H1975和Calu-3)评价ADC对细胞增殖的影响。更详细地,NCI-H1975肿瘤细胞的特征在于双突变(L858R,T790M)ErbB1基因的超表达,而Calu-3表达野生型EGFR,但表达突变体K-Ras(G13D)基因以及突变体TP53和CDKN2A基因。
将细胞(以3.000-5.000细胞/孔)接种到96-孔板中的完全培养基中,然后一式四份温育6天,ADC的标量浓度范围为500-6.25nM。通过Veritas发光计(Promega)使用CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay(Promega),测量细胞增殖的抑制。数据表示为两次独立实验的抑制百分比的平均值(±SD)。使用GraphPad Prism 5.0软件最终计算IC50值。结果显示,与单独的西妥昔单抗相比,ADC ST8154AA1显著抑制两种细胞系的肿瘤细胞增殖(对NCI-H1975和Calu-3细胞的IC50值分别为250nM和450nM),单独的西妥昔单抗无效(IC50>500nM)(图6-7)。
实施例20:ADC对肿瘤细胞中组蛋白H3和α-微管蛋白的乙酰化的活性的测定
通过对不同肿瘤细胞的HCS荧光成像,评价ADC对典型HDAC底物(即组蛋白H3和α-微管蛋白)的乙酰化的影响。测试EGFR和HER2受体的几种肿瘤细胞系,包括肺(A549,H1975),乳腺(SKBR3),结肠(LS174T),卵巢(SKOV3),胰腺(CAPAN1和MIAPACA-2)和胃(N87)癌细胞系。将细胞接种于96-孔微量滴定板(0.5-1x104/孔)的完全培养基中,第二天,与5μg/mL抗体或ADC一起在37℃温育3或24小时。用PBS洗涤两次后,用PBS中的4%甲醛固定细胞,用PBS0.2%Tween-20(PBS-T)透化并用PBS-T中的2%BSA封闭。然后将小鼠抗-乙酰化-α-微管蛋白IgG(来自Sigma Aldrich的克隆6-11B-1)或家兔抗-乙酰化-组蛋白H3 IgG(来自Active Motif)加入PBS-T中,并将细胞在室温温育1小时。用PBS洗涤两次后,根据所用的一抗,将细胞用FITC-缀合的山羊抗-小鼠或抗-家兔IgG(BD Pharmingen)最终再染色1小时。通过高含量筛选(HCS)系统Operetta(Perkin Elmer)获得并分析荧光。用Draq5染料(Cell Signaling)对细胞进行复染色。
由于分别直接酶促抑制HDAC6和I类HDAC,所有测试的ADC均诱导所有测试的肿瘤细胞系中α-微管蛋白和组蛋白H3的乙酰化水平的相关增加(图8-11)。该结果与ADC内化和降解以释放ST7464AA1部分的能力一致。
通过对不同肿瘤细胞的蛋白质裂解物的蛋白质印迹分析,也观察到α-微管蛋白和组蛋白H4的乙酰化增加。简言之,在实验前一天,将肿瘤细胞接种到6-孔培养皿中的完全培养基中。然后将细胞在37℃下用20μg/mL测试抗体处理3小时。处理后,用冰冷的PBS洗涤细胞两次,然后通过在冰上温育10分钟并用补充有蛋白酶抑制剂的1X裂解缓冲液(Cell Sig-naling)制备全细胞裂解物。将细胞裂解物进行超声处理,然后在4℃下以14.000×g离心10分钟,除去细胞碎片。根据制造商的说明,通过经典比色Bradford方法测定蛋白质含量(Coomassie Bradford蛋白质测定试剂盒;Pierce)。为了评价乙酰化的程度,通过SDS-PAGE拆分每种样品的等量蛋白质并转移到硝酸纤维素膜(Hybond-C extra,Amersham-GEHealthcare)上。根据相对于分子量蛋白质标记(Prestained Kaleidoscope Standards;Bio-Rad)的迁移估计分子量。然后通过将膜与5%脱脂奶粉在TBS中在4℃下温育过夜来阻断非特异性结合位点。特异性第一抗体(家兔抗-乙酰-组蛋白H4抗体,来自Santa Cruz;小鼠抗组蛋白H4单克隆抗体,来自Cell Signaling;小鼠抗乙酰化α-微管蛋白单克隆抗体,来自Sigma Aldrich,家兔抗-α-微管蛋白抗体,来自abcam)以在5%脱脂奶/TBST中的最佳稀释度在4℃下加入膜中过夜。在TBST中洗涤四次后,将膜与HRP缀合的二抗在5%脱脂奶粉/TBST中温育1小时。最后用ECLplus蛋白质印迹检测试剂(GE Healthcare)通过增强的化学发光使免疫反应条带可视化,并通过磷成像系统(STORM,Molecular Dynamics)进行分析。代表性的印迹如图12所示。
实施例21:腹膜内给予ST8154AA1和ST8155AA1对NCI-H1975非小细胞肺癌的体内抗肿瘤作用的测定
对裸Nu/Nu雌性小鼠(来自Charles River,Italy)给予单次皮下注射悬浮于补充有10%FBS的100μL细胞培养基RPMI中的5x106 NCI-H1975非小细胞肺癌细胞。西妥昔单抗和ST8154AA1和ST8155AA1以剂量50mg/kg每4天腹膜内注射,共四次(q4dx4),而ST7612AA1按照方案q4dx4以120mg/kg腹膜内施用。溶媒组用PBS处理。用卡钳测量肿瘤生长,并使用公式长度(mm)×宽度2(mm)/2计算肿瘤体积。根据以下等式计算肿瘤抑制:%TVI=100-(治疗组的平均肿瘤体积/对照组的平均肿瘤体积)×100。基于体重减轻评价毒性。
当肿瘤达到约1200mm3的体积时,通过CO2吸入使动物安乐死。
所有饲养和处理动物的程序都严格遵守意大利和欧洲的实验动物福利准则。
结果显示,所述ADC比西妥昔单抗显著地更有效(P<0.001和P<0.01)。具体而言,ST8155AA1与西妥昔单抗相比更能抑制肿瘤体积的77%(图13,表6),而ST8154AA1相对于西妥昔单抗可减少95%的肿瘤生长(图13,表7)。负载毒素ST7464的前药ST7612AA1当以120mg/kg腹膜内单独施用q4dx4时,完全没有活性,因为HDAC抑制剂的最佳给药方案是每天进行(qdx5/w)。(图13)。
有意义的是,mAb西妥昔单抗上mAb上的药物ST8154AA1和ST8155AA1的负载剂量约为0.1mg/kg。
表6.ST8155AA1与西妥昔单抗相比对NCI-H1975 NSCLC的抗肿瘤效能
表7.ST8154AA1与西妥昔单抗相比对不同肿瘤模型的抗肿瘤和防转移效能
实施例22:腹膜内给予ST8154AA1对A549非小细胞肺癌的体内抗肿瘤作用的测定
给裸鼠皮下注射悬浮在补充有10%FBS的100μL细胞培养基RPMI中的5x106个A549非小细胞肺癌细胞。西妥昔单抗和ST8154AA1每4天腹膜内施用,持续4天(q4dx4),剂量为50mg/kg。肿瘤测量和数据如实施例21中所述。
治疗显示ST8154AA1比西妥昔单抗显著更有效(P<0.05)(图14,表7)。
实施例23:通过气雾剂递送的ST8154AA1对转移性A549非小细胞肺癌的体内抗肿瘤作用的测定
通过将5x106个A549-luc-C8(A549luc)细胞注射到免疫缺陷的SCID/米色小鼠的尾静脉中来建立转移性肺癌。1周后,将小鼠随机分组并通过全身气雾剂(借助于AirFamily系统,Pic indolor)用ADC或西妥昔单抗(3.5mL的100μg/mL溶液)治疗。根据方案q7dx4重复治疗。在腹膜内注射荧光素(150μg/小鼠)后15分钟,通过Xenogen IVIS成像系统200(Perkin Elmer)在不同时间点记录肿瘤生物发光成像(BLI)。生物发光的评价表明,ADC能够显著抑制肿瘤转移,与西妥昔单抗相比并且在不同的肿瘤采集时间都具有更高的效能(P<0.01和P<0.05)(图15,表7)。
实施例24:腹膜内递送的ST8154AA1对CAPAN-1胰腺癌的体内抗肿瘤作用的测定
在CAPAN-1正位胰腺肿瘤小鼠模型中评价ST8154AA1(40mg/kg,ip,q4dx4)、ST7612AA1(200mg/kg,ip,q4dx4)和西妥昔单抗(40mg/kg,ip,q4dx4)之间的比较。将Capan-1(1x106)细胞直接注射到实验组的胰腺中。在肿瘤接种后6天开始用ST8154AA1、ST7612AA1和西妥昔单抗处理,并且在肿瘤注射后90天处死小鼠以分析胰腺肿瘤重量。ST8154AA1显示抑制84%的肿瘤生长,其中在10只小鼠中有6只具有完全反应,而西妥昔单抗产生49%的肿瘤生长抑制,其中在10只小鼠中有2只具有完全反应。单独的ST7612AA1显示出对肿瘤生长的较低活性(32%),因为q4dx4不是HDAC抑制剂的最佳方案。在肿瘤注射后90天评价肿瘤重量,并表示为平均值和SEM,相对于西妥昔单抗的P<0.05)(图16,表7)。
实施例25:腹膜内递送的ST8154AA1对PDX(来自患者的异种移植物)胰腺癌的体内抗肿瘤作用的测定
对NOD-SCID小鼠(来自Jackson Laboratories)单次皮下注射以51000个细胞/100μL重悬于等体积的Cultrex 10x spheroid phormation ECM中的患者PA5363 P2的细胞。
西妥昔单抗和ST8154AA1每4天腹膜内施用,持续5天(q4dx5),剂量为40mg/10mL/kg。肿瘤生长测量值和数据如实施例20中所述。
治疗显示ST8154AA1比西妥昔单抗显著地更有效(P<0.05)(图17,表7)。
实施例26.腹膜内给予的ST8178AA1和ST8176AA1对SKOV-3卵巢癌的体内抗肿瘤作用的测定
对裸Nu/Nu雌性小鼠(来自Charles River,Italy)给予单次皮下注射悬浮于补充有10%FBS的100μL细胞培养基RPMI中的5x106个SKOV-3卵巢癌细胞。
每4天腹膜内治疗每个实验组的小鼠,进行4次治疗(q4dx4),剂量为15mg/10mL/kg。结果显示ST8178AA1和ST8176AA1比曲妥珠单抗显著地更有效(P<0.05)(图18-19,表8和9)。肿瘤测量值和数据如实施例20所述。这些数据表明,与曲妥珠单抗相比,ADC对肿瘤生长具有双倍作用。
表8.ST8178AA1与曲妥珠单抗相比对SKOV-3卵巢癌的抗肿瘤效能
实施例27:腹膜内给予的ST8176AA1对正位植入的SKOV-3卵巢癌的体内抗肿瘤作用的测定
对裸Nu/Nu雌性小鼠(来自Charles River,Italy)单次腹膜内注射补充有10%FBS的200μL细胞培养基RPMI中悬浮的10x106个KOV-3卵巢癌细胞。
在肿瘤注射后3天开始给小鼠腹膜内注射ST8176AA1、曲妥珠单抗(每4天一次15mg/kg,4个剂量)或溶媒(PBS)。曲妥珠单抗或ST8176AA1均有效,但该ADC还显示在肿瘤植入90天后9只小鼠中的4只得到治愈(图20,表9)。
表9.ST8176AA1与曲妥珠单抗相比对不同肿瘤模型的抗肿瘤和防转移效能
实施例28:腹膜内给予ST8176AA1对腹膜内的LS174-T结肠癌的体内抗肿瘤效能的测定
所述ADC还针对腹膜内肿瘤例如结肠癌进行评价,即侵袭性肿瘤异种移植模型。
本研究的目的在于证明ADC也可以通过局部施用用于治疗腹膜癌病等疾病。为了证明这种活性,腹膜内注射LS-174T结肠癌细胞。收集细胞并用PBS洗涤两次。将1000万个细胞悬浮于0.2mL含有20%MatrigelTM的EMEM培养基中,并注射到每只小鼠的腹膜中。根据方案q4dx4,用所述ADC进行的所有治疗均在肿瘤注射后3天以200μL的体积注射通过腹膜内注射进行。
每天监测小鼠的死亡率,同时每周记录两次体重。由兽医或授权人员检查表现出不适、痛苦或垂死状态的动物,并在必要时进行人道处死,以便将过度的疼痛或痛苦减少至最低限度。
根据最合适的统计分析处理死亡率数据,以确定各处理之间的寿命延长并制作Kaplan-Mayer图。使用软件GraphPad-Prism6进行所有统计分析。
结果显示溶媒组和曲妥珠单抗治疗组的中位生存时间(MST)均为37天。相反,ADCST8176AA1显示中位存活时间显著增加至50天(P<0.05)(图21,表9)。
目前,传统的腹膜内癌治疗由全身性化疗组成,可采用或不采用姑息性手术,显示效果都不佳,并且由于腹腔内药物分布不良和渗透到腹膜结节而存在药理学的限制(OyaisA 2014 Zentralbl Chir.2014 141:421-4)。
相比之下,最近一项名为PIPAC(加压腹腔内气溶胶化疗)的局部递送的创新方法已显示可提高腹腔化疗的疗效(Solass W 2014 Ann Surg Oncol 21:553-9),此方法安全,无治疗后肾或肝毒性(Blanco 2014 20:2311-6;Solass 2013 Ann Surg Oncol 20:3504-11)。
因为所述的新ADC通过气雾剂和腹膜内对局部肿瘤显示出抗肿瘤活性,所以除了标准的肠胃外施用外,这些数据也鼓励本文所述的ADC的PIPAC应用。
PIPAC(加压腹膜内气雾剂化疗)是增强腹膜内化疗功效的创新局部递送方法(Solass W 2014 Ann Surg Oncol 21:553-9)。
该方法效果是安全的,没有治疗后的肾或肝毒性(Blanco 2014 20:2311-6;Solass等人2013 Ann Surg Oncol 20:3504-11)。
不同的是,传统的腹膜内癌治疗由全身性化疗组成,可采用或不采用姑息性手术,显示效果都不佳。另一个问题是由于腹腔内药物分布不良和渗透到腹膜结节,从而存在药理学的限制(Oyais A等人2014 Zentralbl Chir.2014 141:421-4)。基于确认本文所述的ADC在雾化后和腹膜内递送的功效数据上的稳定性的生化分析,ADC的PIPAC应用也是合理的。
实施例29:腹膜内给予ST8176AA1对LS-174T结肠癌的体内抗肿瘤作用的测定
皮下注射5x106 LS174T结肠癌细胞后,使肿瘤在Nu/Nu小鼠中发育6天。使用数字化卡钳监测病灶发展和对抗体治疗的反应。腹膜内注射ST8176AA1、曲妥珠单抗(每4天一次15mg/kg,4个剂量)或溶媒(PBS)给小鼠。所述ADC ST8176AA1显示出显著地抑制结肠癌的肿瘤生长(与曲妥珠单抗相比P<0.05)(图22,表9)。
实施例30:腹膜内递送ST8176AA1对PDX胰腺癌的体内抗肿瘤活性测定对NOD-SCID小鼠(来自Jackson Laboratories)单次皮下注射以77000个细胞/100μL重悬于等体积的Cultrex 10x spheroid phormation ECM中的患者PA5363 P2的细胞。
对于每组10只小鼠的实验组,每4天腹膜内施用曲妥珠单抗和ST8176AA1,持续5天(q4dx5),剂量为15mg/kg。肿瘤测量和数据如实施例20中所述。
治疗显示,ST8176AA1与曲妥珠单抗(P<0.05)和溶媒治疗组(P<0.05)相比显著更有效(图23,表9)。
实施例31:西妥昔单抗与低剂量的ST7612AA1(对应于加载到mAb的加载剂量)的组合对A549肺癌的体内抗肿瘤作用的测定
还针对A549非小细胞肺癌的模型评价了所述ADC ST8154AA1与等摩尔的西妥昔单抗和ST7612AA1组合相比的抗肿瘤作用。还研究了ST7612AA1或西妥昔单抗的最佳剂量。
将人A549肺癌细胞在其适当的完全培养基中培养。在肿瘤注射当天,通过胰蛋白酶消化,从接近于汇合的培养物中收获细胞,用PBS洗涤,悬浮在PBS中并皮下注射到免疫缺陷小鼠的右胁侧(5x106/100μL)。当肿瘤大小约为80mm3时开始治疗,将小鼠随机分入实验组(10只/组):
根据研究期间的校准和死后肿瘤重量的评价,腹膜内施用ST8154AA1 q4dx4诱导了肿瘤生长抑制,而ADC的成分,即西妥昔单抗(40mg/kg,腹膜内,q4dx4)和HDACi(0.1mg/kg,腹膜内,q4dx4)的等摩尔混合物无效(表10)。
在该实验中,单独的西妥昔单抗(40mg/kg,腹膜内,q4dx4)未显示出任何抗肿瘤活性。
最佳剂量的西妥昔单抗(40mg/kg,腹膜内,q4dx4)与ST7612AA1(40mg/kg,口服,qdx5/wx3w)的结合显示出与单独的ST7612AA1(40mg/kg,口服,qdx5/wx3w)相当的抗肿瘤作用。
ST7612AA1的40mg/kg口服qdx5/wx3w显示出与所述ADC ST8154AA1相似的抗肿瘤活性,而ST7612AA1的腹膜内0.1mg/kg q4dx4没有效果(表10)。
表10.ST7612AA1与西妥昔单抗(Cet)的组合对A549 NSCLC的抗肿瘤活性
权利要求书(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.式(I)的抗体-药物-缀合物
D-(CU)m-(S1)n-L-(S2)o-(CG)p-Ab
(式I)
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中
D为组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂药物,其选自基于硫醇的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂、基于异羟肟酸的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂或基于苯甲酰胺的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂,
CU为连接单元,其可以不存在或选自:
S1为间隔基且可以不存在或为
L为连接基,其选自
其中n为2-5的整数,
S2为间隔基且可以不存在或为
CG为缀合至抗体的半胱氨酸硫醇或赖氨酸氨基后形成的连接基团,其可以不存在或为如下部分之一:
其中y为0-8的整数
Ab为抗体或其抗原结合片段,且
m、n、o和p表示0或1的整数。
2.式(I)的抗体-药物-缀合物
D-(CU)m-(S1)n-L-(S2)o-(CG)p-Ab
(式I)
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中
D为组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂药物,
CU为连接单元,其可以不存在,
S1为间隔基且可以不存在或为
L为连接基,
S2为间隔基且可以不存在,
CG为缀合至抗体的半胱氨酸硫醇或赖氨酸氨基后形成的连接基团,其可以不存在,
Ab为抗体或其抗原结合片段,且
m、n、o和p表示0或1的整数,
其中所述组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂药物和包含式I的D-(CU)m-(S1)n-L-(S2)O-(CG)p-结构的有效负载为选自以下的化合物:
3.权利要求2的抗体-药物-缀合物,其中组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂药物为基于硫醇的抑制剂ST7464AA1,其具有下式
且所述有效负载为下表中显示的化合物:
4.权利要求1的抗体-药物-缀合物,其中连接单元(CU)选自
5.权利要求1-4任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物,其中所述抗体定向于组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂或定向于被肿瘤细胞内化的受体以释放组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂,例如c-met或整联蛋白受体。
6.权利要求1-5任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物,其中所述抗体为抗-EGFR家族蛋白抗体。
7.权利要求1-6任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物,其中所述抗体选自曲妥珠单抗、西妥昔单抗、贝伐单抗、帕尼单抗或相关生物类似物。
8.权利要求7的抗体-药物-缀合物,具有选自如下的式:
9.权利要求1-8任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物,用作药物。
10.药物组合物,其包含有效量的权利要求1-8任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
11.权利要求1-8任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物或药物组合物,用于治疗表达选自ErbB1、ErbB2或ErbB3的受体的癌症或肿瘤。
12.权利要求1-8任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物或用于权利要求11的用途的药物组合物,其中所述癌症选自肺癌、腹膜癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、脑癌、头颈癌、子宫内膜癌、宫颈-子宫内膜癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、阑尾癌、食管癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌;或白血病、腹膜假粘液瘤、肝转移灶和非肠组织的腹部肉瘤。
13.权利要求1-8任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物或药物组合物,用作治疗HIV中的辅助治疗剂。
14.权利要求1-12任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物或药物组合物,以适合于通过雾化局部递送的制剂形式。
15.权利要求14的抗体-药物-缀合物或药物组合物,用于治疗肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、脑癌、头颈癌、子宫内膜癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、食管癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌以及白血病。
Claims (16)
1.式(I)的抗体-药物-缀合物
D-(CU)m-(S1)n-L-(S2)o-(CG)p-Ab
(式I)
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中
D为组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂药物,其选自基于硫醇的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂、基于异羟肟酸的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂或基于苯甲酰胺的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂,
CU为连接单元,其可以不存在或选自:
S1为间隔基且可以不存在或为
L为连接基,其选自(CH2)q-CO、NH-(CH2)r-(PEG)s-(CH2)w-CO、NH-CO-(CH2)r-(PEG)s-X-(CH2)w-CO,其中X可以不存在、为NH或O,q为2-8的整数,r可以不存在或为1-4的整数,s可以不存在或为1-6的整数,且w可以不存在或为1或2的整数,
S2为间隔基且可以不存在或为
CG为缀合至抗体的半胱氨酸硫醇或赖氨酸氨基后形成的连接基团,其可以不存在或为如下部分之一:
其中y为0-8的整数
Ab为抗体或其抗原结合片段,且
m、n、o和p表示0或1的整数。
2.权利要求1的抗体-药物-缀合物,其中连接基L为选自如下的部分:
其中n为2-5的整数。
3.权利要求1的抗体-药物-缀合物,其中所述组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂药物和包含式I的D-(CU)m-(S1)n-L-(S2)O-(CG)’p-结构的有效负载为选自以下的化合物:
4.权利要求3的抗体-药物-缀合物,其中组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂药物为基于硫醇的抑制剂ST7464AA1,其具有下式
且所述有效负载为下表中显示的化合物:
5.权利要求1的抗体-药物-缀合物,其中连接单元(CU)选自
6.权利要求1-5任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物,其中所述抗体定向于组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂或定向于被肿瘤细胞内化的受体以释放组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制剂,例如c-met或整联蛋白受体。
7.权利要求1-6任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物,其中所述抗体为抗-EGFR家族蛋白抗体。
8.权利要求1-7任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物,其中所述抗体选自曲妥珠单抗、西妥昔单抗、贝伐单抗、帕尼单抗或相关生物类似物。
9.权利要求8的抗体-药物-缀合物,具有选自如下的式:
10.权利要求1-9任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物,用作药物。
11.药物组合物,其包含有效量的权利要求1-9任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
12.权利要求1-9任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物或药物组合物,用于治疗表达选自ErbB1、ErbB2或ErbB3的受体的癌症或肿瘤。
13.权利要求1-9任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物或用于权利要求12的用途的药物组合物,其中所述癌症选自肺癌、腹膜癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、脑癌、头颈癌、子宫内膜癌、宫颈-子宫内膜癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、阑尾癌、食管癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌;或白血病、腹膜假粘液瘤、肝转移灶和非肠组织的腹部肉瘤。
14.权利要求1-9任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物或药物组合物,用作治疗HIV中的辅助治疗剂。
15.权利要求1-13任一项的抗体-药物-缀合物或药物组合物,以适合于通过雾化局部递送的制剂形式。
16.权利要求15的抗体-药物-缀合物或药物组合物,用于治疗肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、脑癌、头颈癌、子宫内膜癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、食管癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌以及白血病。
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