CN110469925A - Hvac系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/46—Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
- F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
- F24F11/77—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by controlling the speed of ventilators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
- F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0003—Exclusively-fluid systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/4155—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by programme execution, i.e. part programme or machine function execution, e.g. selection of a programme
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D7/00—Control of flow
- G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D7/0617—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials
- G05D7/0629—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means
- G05D7/0635—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
- F24F2140/20—Heat-exchange fluid temperature
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/26—Pc applications
- G05B2219/2614—HVAC, heating, ventillation, climate control
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/40—Geothermal heat-pumps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种用于较大空间场所的HVAC系统的控制方法以及所述HVAC系统。所述HVAC系统包括空气处理机组,所述空气处理机组具有流体介质通过的阀和风机,所述方法包括:监测循环回到所述空气处理机组的空气的回风温度;提供所述HVAC系统的回风温度设定点;对所述风机和所述阀中的一者进行解耦调节,然后对另一者进行调节,使得所述回风温度接近所述回风温度设定点。本申请可以使HVAC系统稳定运行并且节能。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及一种采暖、通风和空调系统并且涉及一种用于上述系统的控制方法。
背景技术
HVAC(采暖、通风和空调)系统包括空气处理机组(也称为空气处理单元),该空气处理机组一般设置有位于出风口处的送风风机。该风机提供冷风或暖风。在大型场所内如何控制HVAC系统以提供舒适的环境温度是复杂的课题。特别是在大型的地下工程如地铁站中,由于缺乏末端的换热设备,风机直接向站台和站厅提供经处理的空气。风机虽然配置有变频器,却由于没有合适的控制方法,因此只能以固定的速度运行。另外,风机与HVAC的水系统中冷水流经的阀为耦合控制,一旦HVAC系统没有控制好,上述两者的耦合会引起系统振荡。而且,这会引起实际环境温度过多地偏离温度舒适值,并且造成系统持续运行在高能耗的水平上。
发明内容
本申请涉及的一个方面是提供了一种用于较大空间场所的HVAC系统的控制方法,所述HVAC系统包括空气处理机组,所述空气处理机组具有流体介质通过的阀和风机,所述方法包括:
监测循环回到所述空气处理机组的空气的回风温度;
提供所述HVAC系统的回风温度设定点;
对所述风机和所述阀中的一者进行解耦调节,然后对另一者进行调节,使得所述回风温度接近所述回风温度设定点。
本申请涉及的另一个方面是使用上述控制方法的HVAC系统。
经优化的风机和阀的解耦控制可以使HVAC系统稳定运行并且节能,这非常有利于大空间的空调系统适应多种负荷的工况,使得系统实现最佳条件。在地铁站空间内,本申请能提供针对系统冷负荷变化的快速响应,满足了人们的舒适需求。
通过以下参考附图的详细说明,本申请的其他方面和特征变得明显。但是应当知道,该附图仅仅为解释的目的设计,而不是作为本申请的范围的限定,这是因为其应当参考附加的权利要求。还应当知道,附图仅仅意图概念地说明此处描述的结构和流程,除非另外指出,不必要依比例绘制附图。
附图说明
结合附图参阅以下具体实施方式的详细说明,将更加充分地理解本申请,附图中同样的参考附图标记始终指代视图中同样的元件。其中:
图1为本申请涉及的HVAC系统的一种实施例的示意图,其中实线为空气线路,虚线为信号传送线路,双点划线为水系统线路。
具体实施方式
为帮助本领域的技术人员能够确切地理解本申请要求保护的主题,下面结合附图详细描述本申请的具体实施方式。
本申请涉及的HVAC系统用于较大空间场所的空调系统,特别是在地铁车站中。参见图1,本申请涉及的HVAC系统的末端设备为空气处理机组1,该空气处理机组1具有风机2和阀3,经处理的空气经由风机2后作为供应空气离开空气处理机组1。空气经循环后作为返回空气回到空气处理机组1并再次在机组内处理。风机设置有变频驱动器,风机2受变频驱动器控制可变速运行,由此可改变通过空气的流速。阀3控制流经空气处理机组内1的冷水盘管4的流体介质即冷水。当水系统运行时,空气流经冷水盘管得到降温,之后进入风机2,由风机2送出空气处理机组1。
本申请对风机2和阀3进行解耦控制,即独立控制风机2和阀3。待控制的阀3设置在空气处理机组1的出风口处,阀3的位置的改变可以改变进入冷水盘管的冷水的流量,由此改变经过冷水盘管的空气的温度。本申请分别对风机2的速度和阀3的开度进行控制,其中一者的控制独立于另一者的控制。在本申请中,对风机2的控制包括对风机2的运转速度的调节,对阀3的控制包括对阀3的开度的调节。这两者的参数无论哪一个进行变化,都会影响出风口处的空气温度。本申请提供了一套优化的控制策略,来分别调节风机2和阀3的参数,从而使环境内的温度接近理想值。在HVAC系统中,可以设置控制器5,该控制器5通信连接于风机2和阀3,从风机2和阀3接收信号以及发送指示到风机2和阀3上,如图1所示。控制器5的设置可以是图示的独立部件,也可以集成于整个HVAC系统的控制单元中。
当需要对风机2和阀3进行调节时,可以先调节风机2和阀3中的一者,待调节到一个端值后再进行另一者的调节。这样既能使风机2和阀3的工作状态满足实际需求,节省能耗,同时风机2和阀3可以各自工作在合理参数范围内,避免风机2和阀3耦合引起的系统振荡。
当需要降低出风口的空气温度时,则增加空气的流量和速度以提高冷风的供应。具体地,先增加阀3的开度,当阀3的开度达到最大值后,再调节风机2的速度。当需要升高出风口的空气温度时,减少空气的流量和速度以降低冷风的供应。具体地,先降低风机2的速度,当风机2的速度到达最小值时,再调节阀3的开度。风机2的最小值可以是预先设置或者根据风机2的工况设定的阈值。在对风机2的调节过程中,可以逐步增加或者逐步减小风机2的速度,如通过设定步长时间进行逐级调节。
控制器5基于回风温度对风机2和阀3进行调节。回风温度可以是空气处理机组的回风口处监测到的返回空气的温度,或者是监测的室内温度。若监测的回风温度为后者,可以通过布置多个监测点来采集,如在地铁内,监测站台和站厅内的多个位置的温度,取这些监测点的数据的平均值或者取最不利的数据作为回风温度。当监测到的回风温度上升,说明站台和站厅内的温度不够冷,需增加供应冷空气,因此依次增加阀3的开度和增加风机2的速度。当监测到的回风温度呈下降趋势,说明站台和站厅内的温度过冷,需减少供应冷空气,因此依次减小风机2的速度和阀3的开度。可以理解,这个实例中,调节风机2和阀3的次序可以互换。
系统内可以设置理想的回风温度值,该温度值代表了人体感到舒适的温度。对风机2和阀3进行调节,以使实际的回风温度接近这个理想状态的回风温度设定值。
本领域技术人员可以想到,本申请涉及的控制方法也可适用于HVAC系统用于其他大型场所,包括商场、机场、超市等。并且基于上述构想,本申请还可应用于HVAC系统提供暖风的情况。在这种情况下,经过阀3的流体介质为热介质,如锅炉提供的热水,同样可以采用上述方法进行风机2和阀3的解耦控制。即先对风机2和阀3的其中一个部件进行调节,待调节到一定值后对另一个部件进行调节。例如,当实际回风温度升高时,说明环境过热,需要减小暖风的速度和流量,则先一步步减小风机2的速度,待风机2速度到达最低值后再减小阀3的开度。当实际回风温度降低时,说明环境不够热,需要增加暖风的速度和流量,因此先增加阀3的开度,待阀3的开度到达最大值后再一步步增加风机2的速度。可以理解,这个实例中,调节风机2和阀3的次序可以互换。
阀3的开度的调节基于供应空气温度和供应空气温度的设定值来确定。其中供应空气温度的设定值基于回风温度和回风温度的设定值来确定。上述控制可通过双PID(比例-积分-微分(控制器))闭环控制来实现。对于第一个PID控制回路而言,输入为监测到的回风温度和系统内预设的回风温度预设值,两者进行比较,输出为经计算的供应温度的预设值。第二个PID控制回路中,输入为监测到的实际供应温度以及上一个PID的输出即供应温度的预设值,两者进行比较,输出为经计算的阀的开度。
对于大型场所的HVAC系统,可以布置多台空气处理机组,本申请可以针对每一台空气处理机组的风机和阀进行调节。
虽然已详细地示出并描述了本申请的具体实施例以说明本申请的原理,但应理解的是,本申请可以其它方式实施而不脱离这样的原理。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于较大空间场所的HVAC系统的控制方法,所述HVAC系统包括空气处理机组,所述空气处理机组具有流体介质通过的阀和风机,其特征是所述方法包括:
监测循环回到所述空气处理机组的空气的回风温度;
提供所述HVAC系统的回风温度设定点;
对所述风机和所述阀中的一者进行解耦调节,然后对另一者进行调节,使得所述回风温度接近所述回风温度设定点。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其特征是:对所述阀的开度的调节包括基于离开所述空气处理机组的空气的送风温度和所述HVAC系统的送风温度设定点确定。
3.根据权利要求2所述的控制方法,其特征是:对所述阀的开度的调节还包括基于所述回风温度和所述回风温度设定点确定所述送风温度设定点。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的控制方法,其特征是:对所述阀的开度的调节通过PID控制方法实现。
5.根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其特征是:对所述风机和所述阀进行调节包括在增加所述阀的开度至最大值之后增加所述风机的速度;或减小所述风机的速度至最小值之后减小所述阀的开度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其特征是:对所述风机的速度的调节包括逐步增加所述风机的速度或逐步降低所述风机的速度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其特征是:所述风机构造为变频风机。
8.根据权利要求1所述的控制方法,其特征是:所述风机设置成经由所述风机的空气离开所述空气处理机组;所述阀设置成邻近所述空气处理机组的出风口并且调节与待进入所述风机的空气进行热交换的所述流体介质的流量。
9.根据权利要求1所述的控制方法:所述回风温度的监测包括监测所述空气处理机组的回风口处的空气温度或监测所述较大空间场所内的多个环境温度。
10.一种HVAC系统,其特征是所述系统设置于地铁站内并且使用根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的控制方法。
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EP19759727.1A EP3791115A1 (en) | 2018-05-10 | 2019-04-23 | Hvac system and control method thereof |
PCT/IB2019/000596 WO2019215513A1 (en) | 2018-05-10 | 2019-04-23 | Hvac system and control method thereof |
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