CN110467201B - Sapo-34多级孔分子筛及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
Sapo-34多级孔分子筛及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110467201B CN110467201B CN201810437236.XA CN201810437236A CN110467201B CN 110467201 B CN110467201 B CN 110467201B CN 201810437236 A CN201810437236 A CN 201810437236A CN 110467201 B CN110467201 B CN 110467201B
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- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
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- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
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- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical group [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及多级孔分子筛领域,公开了一种SAPO‑34多级孔分子筛及其制备方法与应用,所述SAPO‑34多级孔分子筛的结构为蜂窝状结构,微孔径为0.38~0.45nm,微孔容为0.17~0.24cm3·g–1,微孔比表面积为475~567m2·g–1,外比表面积为97~123m2·g–1,总孔容为0.32~0.41cm3·g–1。本发明还包括SAPO‑34多级孔分子筛的制备方法与应用。本发明SAPO‑34多级孔分子筛是典型四方块,表面含有丰富蜂窝状孔道,具有良好的催化性能,在MTO反应中能显著提高烯烃的选择性并且延长催化剂使用寿命。本发明省去了硅源的水热或高温预处理,缩短了合成晶化时间,制备简单,既没有增加工艺步骤,也没有增加设备,且制备成本在可接受范围。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及多级孔分子筛领域,具体涉及一种SAPO-34多级孔分子筛及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
SAPO-34是具有类菱沸石型结构[1]的分子筛,属于三方晶系,其骨架主要由硅铝磷酸盐及[SiO2]、[PO2]、[AlO2]四面体构成的八元环笼状晶体网架结构组成,笼子环形口直径大约为0.40~0.45nm,具有双六元环、八元环与四元环构成的椭球形CHA笼以及三维交叉孔道结构。SAPO-34具有高选择性,高水热稳定性,适宜的酸性,在MTO反应中表现出优异的催化性能。然而SAPO-34有限的孔径尺寸(0.43nm),有限的分子传递速率、较大的扩散阻力、较长的扩散路径及较低的活性中心使其在工业上的应用受限,严重的限制了大分子的吸附与扩散,最终使催化剂失去活性,特别是在合成SAPO-34分子筛中,硅源需要水热或高温预处理步骤,且合成晶化时间较长,导致合成时间长和合成成本高等问题。
例如,现有技术CN 103145145A公开了一种以A型沸石为硅源合成SAPO-34分子筛的方法,该发明中A型沸石在凝胶形成过程中仍然以A型沸石晶体的形式存在,从而保证了在SAPO-34分子筛成核、晶体的生长过程中,硅源是以单个硅酸根状态进入SAPO-34分子筛骨架,从而能很好地控制硅原子进入骨架的数量及形态,而且缩短了硅源在高温下溶解分散的时间,从而缩短了合成SAPO-34的晶化时间。但是A型沸石需要在100℃水热预处理,增加了合成步骤和成本,其次合成晶化时间较长,可达3~6天,且制得的SAPO-34分子筛不是多级孔结构,催化寿命可能受到抑制。CN 101176851A公开了一种用高岭土合成硅磷酸铝分子筛的方法,利用高岭土中[SiO4]四面体层和Al[O(OH)]6八面体层构成的复合单元结构层的层状结构,以高岭土作为原料和基板,在模板剂和其他分子筛原料存在的情况下,制备出颗粒较小或为片层结构硅磷酸铝分子筛。但是由于高岭土在700~1100℃高温活化过程能耗高,高岭土微球含有石英、云母等杂质,且合成过程只能发生在微球表面,导致高岭土原料利用率低,造成该方法存在较大的局限性,无法广泛应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的SAPO-34分子筛易于形成积碳,堵塞孔道,导致分子筛迅速失活以及双烯收率低,特别是在合成SAPO-34分子筛中,硅源需要水热或高温预处理步骤,且合成晶化时间较长,导致合成时间长和合成成本高等问题,提供一种蜂窝状结构的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛及其制备方法与应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明一方面提供一种SAPO-34多级孔分子筛,其结构为蜂窝状结构,微孔径为0.34~0.45nm,微孔容为0.17~0.24cm3·g–1,微孔比表面积为475~567m2·g–1,外比表面积为97~123m2·g–1,总孔容为0.32~0.41cm3·g–1。
本发明第二方面提供一种SAPO-34多级孔分子筛的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将去离子水与磷源混合搅拌均匀,得到均匀混合液;接着在混合液中加入硅源搅拌均匀,然后加入铝源搅拌均匀,最后加入有机胺模板剂搅拌均匀,得到混合均匀的反应液;其中,硅源为SBA-15、MCM-41、MCM-48或高岭土中的至少一种;
(2)将混合均匀的反应液先陈化,接着分段恒温晶化,晶化结束后冷却,洗涤,干燥,制得表面为蜂窝状SAPO-34分子筛;
(3)将蜂窝状SAPO-34分子筛焙烧,制得纳米片蜂窝状自组装的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛。
本发明第三方面提供一种由上述方法制得的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛。
本发明第四方面提供一种SAPO-34多级孔分子筛在制备烯烃中的应用。
本发明SAPO-34多级孔分子筛是典型四方块,表面含有丰富蜂窝状孔道,具有良好的催化性能,在MTO反应中能显著提高烯烃的选择性并且延长催化剂使用寿命。
本发明在制备SAPO-34多级孔分子筛的工艺过程中省去了硅源的水热或高温预处理,缩短了合成晶化时间,制备简单,既没有增加工艺步骤,也没有增加设备,且制备成本在可接受范围。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制备的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛的SEM照片;
图2是实施例1制备的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛的SEM放大照片。
具体实施方式
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值,这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说,各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间,以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围,这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。
本发明提供了一种SAPO-34多级孔分子筛,其结构为蜂窝状结构,微孔径为0.38~0.45nm,微孔容为0.17~0.24cm3·g–1,微孔比表面积为475~567m2·g–1,外比表面积为97~123m2·g–1,总孔容为0.32~0.41cm3·g–1。
本发明SAPO-34多级孔分子筛是典型四方块,且表面含有丰富蜂窝状孔道,具有良好的催化性能,在MTO反应中可提高烯烃的选择性并且延长催化剂使用寿命。
本发明还提供了一种SAPO-34多级孔分子筛的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将去离子水与磷源混合搅拌均匀,得到均匀混合液;接着在混合液中加入硅源搅拌均匀,然后加入铝源搅拌均匀,最后加入有机胺模板剂搅拌均匀,得到混合均匀的反应液;其中,硅源为SBA-15、MCM-41、MCM-48或高岭土中的至少一种;
(2)将混合均匀的反应液先陈化,接着分段恒温晶化,晶化结束后冷却,洗涤,干燥,制得表面为蜂窝状SAPO-34分子筛;
(3)将蜂窝状SAPO-34分子筛焙烧,制得纳米片蜂窝状自组装的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛。
本发明是利用硅源形貌和孔结构状况对合成SAPO-34分子筛的形貌和孔结构的影响的理论,采用SBA-15、MCM-41、MCM-48以及高岭土作为硅源,先与磷酸溶液进行混合,利用酸性进行预处理,无需水热或高温预处理,利用介孔无定型的孔壁易分解的特点,以及设计分段晶化工艺,合成出蜂窝状结构的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛,既减少了作为硅源的原料的预处理步骤,又没有额外添加产生中孔结构的造孔剂,尤其是可提高高岭土的利用率。
根据本发明,步骤(1)中,硅源、铝源、磷源、有机胺模板剂R、去离子水分别以SiO2、Al2O3、P2O5、R、H2O计,其摩尔配比可以为0.09~1∶0.8~1.2∶0.8~1.2∶1.5~4∶15~100,优选为0.1~0.6∶0.9~1.1∶0.9~1.1∶2~3∶25~70。
根据本发明,所选硅源可以为本领域中各种常规的介孔孔径分布、比表面积和孔容参数。例如,步骤(1)中,所述SBA-15的介孔孔径分布可以为6~11nm(例如,可以为6nm、7nm、8nm、9nm、10nm、11nm以及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值),比表面积可以为600~800m2·g–1(例如,可以为600m2·g–1、650m2·g–1、700m2·g–1、750m2·g–1、800m2·g–1以及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值),孔容可以为0.84~0.98cm3·g–1(例如,可以为0.84cm3·g–1、0.85cm3·g–1、0.86cm3·g–1、0.87cm3·g–1、0.88cm3·g–1、0.89cm3·g–1、0.90cm3·g–1、0.91cm3·g–1、0.92cm3·g–1、0.93cm3·g–1、0.94cm3·g–1、0.95cm3·g–1、0.96cm3·g–1、0.97cm3·g–1、0.98cm3·g–1以及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值);所述MCM-41的介孔孔径分布可以为3~5nm(例如,可以为3nm、4nm、5nm以及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值),比表面积可以为800~900m2·g–1(例如,可以为800m2·g–1、810m2·g–1、820m2·g–1、830m2·g–1、840m2·g–1、850m2·g–1、860m2·g–1、870m2·g–1、880m2·g–1、890m2·g–1、900m2·g–1以及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值),孔容可以为0.9~1.05cm3·g–1;(例如,可以为0.9cm3·g–1、0.91cm3·g–1、0.92cm3·g–1、0.93cm3·g–1、0.94cm3·g–1、0.95cm3·g–1、0.96cm3·g–1、0.97cm3·g–1、0.98cm3·g–1、0.99cm3·g–1、1.00cm3·g–1、1.01cm3·g–1、1.02cm3·g–1、1.03cm3·g–1、1.04cm3·g–1、1.05cm3·g–1以及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值);所述MCM-48的介孔孔径分布可以为2~4nm(例如,可以为2nm、3nm、4nm以及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值),比表面积可以为750~900m2·g–1(例如,可以为700m2·g–1、750m2·g–1、800m2·g–1以850m2·g–1、900m2·g–1以及及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值),孔容可以为0.87~0.95cm3·g–1(例如,可以为0.87cm3·g–1、0.88cm3·g–1、0.89cm3·g–1、0.90cm3·g–1、0.91cm3·g–1、0.92cm3·g–1、0.93cm3·g–1、0.94cm3·g–1、0.95cm3·g–1以及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值)
根据本发明,为了提高高岭土的利用率,促进蜂窝状结构的形成,步骤(1)中,所述高岭土中活性SiO2和Al2O3的含量在98%以上,其中,活性SiO2和Al2O3重量比为1∶1.12~1.18。例如,可以为1∶1.12,1∶1.13,1∶1.14,1∶1.15,1∶1.16,1∶1.17,1∶1.18以及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值。
根据本发明,铝源可以为本领域中各种常规的铝源,例如,步骤(1)中,所述铝源可以选自拟薄水铝石、异丙醇铝、氢氧化铝和硫酸铝中的至少一种。
根据本发明,为了进一步保障硅源省去水热或高温预处理步骤,步骤(1)中,所述磷源为质量分数为80-90%的磷酸。例如,可以为80%、85%、90%以及这些点值中的任意两个所构成的范围中的任意值。
根据本发明,有机胺模板剂可以为本领域中各种常规的有机胺模板剂。例如,步骤(1)中,所述有机胺模板剂R可以为二乙胺、三乙胺、吗啉、异丙胺和四乙基氢氧化铵中的至少一种。
根据本发明,为了后续晶化的操作,步骤(2)中,所述动态陈化是以转速为15~25rpm,室温陈化1~3h。
根据本发明,为了有效增加晶化过程中料液的均匀性,促进表面蜂窝状SAPO-34多级孔分子筛生成,步骤(2)中,所述分段恒温晶化是在转速为15~25rpm,以0.1~3℃/min升温至130℃,恒温晶化5~10h,再以0.1~3℃/min升温至190~200℃恒温晶化20~36h。
根据本发明,促进纳米片蜂窝状自组装的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛生成,步骤(3)中,所述焙烧条件是在500~600℃下焙烧5~9h。
本发明还提供一种由上述方法制得的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛。
本发明还提供一种SAPO-34多级孔分子筛在制备烯烃中的应用。
实验证明,本发明SAPO-34多级孔分子筛催化寿命至少提高了30%,且双烯(乙烯和丙烯)的收率超过85%。
以下将通过实施例对本发明进行详细描述。以下实施例中,
SAPO-34多级孔分子筛寿命参数通过BET方法测得;
SAPO-34多级孔分子筛双烯选择性参数通过BET方法测得。
在没有特别说明的情况下,所用原料均采用市售产品,其中:
SBA-15购自南开催化剂厂;
MCM-41购自南开催化剂厂;
MCM-48购自南开催化剂厂;
高岭土购自中国高岭土有限公司。
实施例1
SAPO-34多级孔分子筛的制备:包括以下步骤:
(1)硅源、铝源、磷源、有机胺模板剂R、去离子水分别以SiO2、Al2O3、P2O5、R、H2O计,其摩尔配比==0.2∶1∶1∶2.7∶50,称取20g去离子水和16g磷酸混合,搅拌10min,得到均匀混合液,称取0.84g SBA-15(介孔孔径分布为10nm,比表面积为700m2·g–1,孔容为0.90cm3·g–1);加入上述混合液中,搅拌30min;称取10.2g拟薄水铝石加入上述混合液中,并补加43.1g去离子水,搅拌30min;称取19.1g有机胺模板剂R(三乙胺)加入上述混合液,搅拌30min。
(2)将上述混合均匀的反应液转移至150mL反应釜中,放置在均相反应器内,以转速为24rpm,陈化3h,然后以2℃/min升温至130℃,恒温晶化3h,再以2℃/min升温至200℃恒温晶化24h,等到晶化完成后,将得到的产物进行冷却、洗涤、干燥后,制得蜂窝状的SAPO-34分子筛。
(3)将制得的蜂窝状的SAPO-34分子筛在550℃焙烧6h,制备得到典型四方块形状,且表面含有蜂窝状孔道的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛,如图1所示SAPO-34多级孔分子筛的SEM照片和图2所示的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛的SEM放大照片。经测试,四方块大小在6μm,微孔径为0.38nm,微孔容为0.21cm3·g–1,微孔比表面积为567m2·g–1,外比表面积117m2·g–1,总孔容0.38cm3·g–1。
实施例2
SAPO-34多级孔分子筛的制备:包括以下步骤:
(1)硅源、铝源、磷源、有机胺模板剂R、去离子水分别以SiO2、Al2O3、P2O5、R、H2O计,其摩尔配比==0.3∶1.1∶1.1∶2∶70,称取30g去离子水和17.6g磷酸混合,搅拌10min,得到均匀混合液,称取1.26g MCM-41(介孔孔径分布为5nm,比表面积为900m2·g–1,孔容为1.0cm3·g–1)加入上述混合液中,搅拌30min;称取11.2g拟薄水铝石加入上述混合液中,并补加58.3g去离子水,搅拌30min;称取14.2g有机胺模板剂R(三乙胺)加入上述混合液,搅拌30min。
(2)将上述混合均匀的反应液转移至150mL反应釜中,放置在均相反应器内,以转速为25rpm,陈化2h,然后以2℃/min升温至130℃,恒温晶化3h,再以2℃/min升温至200℃恒温晶化24h,等到晶化完成后,将得到的产物进行冷却、洗涤、干燥后,制得蜂窝状的SAPO-34分子筛。
(3)将制得的蜂窝状的SAPO-34分子筛在580℃焙烧6h,制备得到典型四方块形状,且表面含有蜂窝状孔道的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛,其四方块大小在5μm,微孔径为0.40nm,微孔容为0.19cm3·g–1,微孔比表面积为513m2·g–1,外比表面积123m2·g–1,总孔容0.40cm3·g–1。
实施例3
SAPO-34多级孔分子筛的制备:包括以下步骤:
(1)硅源、铝源、磷源、有机胺模板剂R、去离子水分别以SiO2、Al2O3、P2O5、R、H2O计,其摩尔配比==0.6∶0.9∶0.9∶3∶70,称取30g去离子水和14.1g磷酸混合,搅拌10min,得到均匀混合液,称取4.67g高岭土(高岭土中活性SiO2和Al2O3的含量为98.6%,活性SiO2和Al2O3的重量比为1∶1.15)加入上述混合液中,搅拌30min;称取7.3g拟薄水铝石加入上述混合液中,并补加58.3g去离子水,搅拌30min;称取21.3g有机胺模板剂R(三乙胺)加入上述混合液,搅拌30min。
(2)将上述混合均匀的反应液转移至150mL反应釜中,放置在均相反应器内,以转速为20rpm,陈化2.5h,然后以2℃/min升温至130℃,恒温晶化3h,再以2℃/min升温至200℃恒温晶化24h,等到晶化完成后,将得到的产物进行冷却、洗涤、干燥后,制得蜂窝状的SAPO-34分子筛。
(3)将制得的蜂窝状的SAPO-34分子筛在500℃焙烧8.5h,制备得到典型四方块形状,且表面含有蜂窝状孔道的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛,其四方块大小在6μm,微孔径为0.39nm,微孔容为0.19cm3·g–1,微孔比表面积为484m2·g–1,外比表面积101m2·g–1,总孔容0.39cm3·g–1。
实施例4
SAPO-34多级孔分子筛的制备:包括以下步骤:
(1)硅源、铝源、磷源、有机胺模板剂R、去离子水分别以SiO2、Al2O3、P2O5、R、H2O计,其摩尔配比==0.1∶0.8∶0.8∶1.5∶25,称取15g去离子水和12.8g磷酸混合,搅拌10min,得到均匀混合液,称取0.42gMCM-48(介孔孔径分布为3nm,比表面积为800m2·g–1,孔容为0.92cm3·g–1)加入上述混合液中,搅拌30min;称取8.2g拟薄水铝石加入上述混合液中,并补加17g去离子水,搅拌30min;称取10.7g有机胺模板剂R(三乙胺)加入上述混合液,搅拌30min。
(2)将上述混合均匀的反应液转移至150mL反应釜中,放置在均相反应器内,以转速为15rpm,陈化1h,然后以2℃/min升温至130℃,恒温晶化3h,再以2℃/min升温至200℃恒温晶化24h,等到晶化完成后,将得到的产物进行冷却、洗涤、干燥后,制得蜂窝状的SAPO-34分子筛。
(3)将制得的蜂窝状的SAPO-34分子筛在600℃焙烧5h,制备得到典型四方块形状,且表面含有蜂窝状孔道的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛,其四方块大小在7μm,微孔径为0.39nm,微孔容为0.24cm3·g–1,微孔比表面积为567m2·g–1,外比表面积97m2·g–1,总孔容0.42cm3·g–1。
对比例1
将0.203gA型沸石在100℃下水热处理2h,接着在20℃,用10mL去离子水溶解1.74g拟薄水铝石粉末和处理过的A型沸石,然后依次滴加1.51mL磷酸,2.3mL二乙胺,搅拌均匀后移入不锈钢反应釜中于200℃晶化5~6天,最后按常规的分子筛后处理方法,冷却,洗涤,干燥,收集产品。
测试例
在测试温度450℃,空速3h-1条件下,测试实施例1-4和对比例1制备样品在MTO反应中的寿命和双烯(乙烯与丙烯)的选择性。其测试结果见表1。
表1
实施例编号 | 寿命(min) | 双烯的选择性(%) |
实施例1 | 252 | 85 |
实施例2 | 252 | 85 |
实施例3 | 237 | 84 |
实施例4 | 207 | 84 |
对比例1 | 189 | 73 |
通过表1的结果可以看出,采用本发明SAB-15、MCM-41/48和高岭土作为硅源,使得实施例1-4的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛获得了典型四方块的结构,表面含有丰富蜂窝状孔道,从而获得了良好的使用寿命和双烯选择性的技术效果。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合,这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容,均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (14)
1.一种SAPO-34多级孔分子筛,其特征在于,其结构为蜂窝状结构,微孔径为0.38~0.45nm,微孔容为0.17~0.24cm3·g–1,微孔比表面积为475~567m2·g–1,外比表面积为97~123m2·g–1,总孔容为0.32~0.41cm3·g–1;
所述的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将去离子水与磷源混合搅拌均匀,得到均匀混合液;接着在混合液中加入硅源搅拌均匀,然后加入铝源搅拌均匀,最后加入有机胺模板剂搅拌均匀,得到混合均匀的反应液;其中,硅源为SBA-15、MCM-41、 MCM-48或高岭土中的至少一种;
(2)将混合均匀的反应液先陈化,接着分段恒温晶化,晶化结束后冷却,洗涤,干燥,制得表面为蜂窝状SAPO-34分子筛;
(3)将蜂窝状SAPO-34分子筛焙烧,制得纳米片蜂窝状自组装的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛。
2.根据权利要求1所述的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将去离子水与磷源混合搅拌均匀,得到均匀混合液;接着在混合液中加入硅源搅拌均匀,然后加入铝源搅拌均匀,最后加入有机胺模板剂搅拌均匀,得到混合均匀的反应液;其中,硅源为SBA-15、MCM-41、 MCM-48或高岭土中的至少一种;
(2)将混合均匀的反应液先陈化,接着分段恒温晶化,晶化结束后冷却,洗涤,干燥,制得表面为蜂窝状SAPO-34分子筛;
(3)将蜂窝状SAPO-34分子筛焙烧,制得纳米片蜂窝状自组装的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,硅源、铝源、磷源、有机胺模板剂R、去离子水分别以SiO2、Al2O3、P2O5、R、H2O计,其摩尔配比为0.09~1∶0.8~1.2∶0.8~1.2∶1.5~4∶15~100。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,硅源、铝源、磷源、有机胺模板剂R、去离子水分别以SiO2、Al2O3、P2O5、R、H2O计,其摩尔配比为0.1~0.6∶0.9~1.1∶0.9~1.1∶2~3∶25~70。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述SBA-15的介孔孔径分布为6~11nm,比表面积为600~800 m2· g–1,孔容为0.84~0.98 cm3· g–1;所述MCM-41的介孔孔径分布为3~5nm,比表面积为800~900m2· g–1,孔容为0.9~1.05 cm3· g–1;所述MCM-48的介孔孔径分布为2~4nm,比表面积为750~900 m2· g–1,孔容为0.87~0.95cm3· g–1。
6.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述高岭土中活性SiO2和Al2O3的含量在98%以上,其中,活性SiO2和Al2O3重量比为1∶1.12~1.18。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铝源选自拟薄水铝石、异丙醇铝、氢氧化铝和硫酸铝中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述磷源为质量分数为80-90%的磷酸。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述有机胺模板剂R为二乙胺、三乙胺、吗啉、异丙胺和四乙基氢氧化铵中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述陈化是以转速为15~25rpm,室温陈化1~3h。
11.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述分段恒温晶化是在转速为15~25rpm,以0.1~3℃/min升温至130℃,恒温晶化5~10h,再以0.1~3℃/min升温至190~200℃恒温晶化20~36h。
12.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述焙烧条件是在500~600℃下焙烧5~9h。
13.一种根据权利要求2-12中任意一项所述的方法制得的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛。
14.根据权利要求1或13所述的SAPO-34多级孔分子筛在制备烯烃中的应用。
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