CN110452780A - 一种轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/046—Salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
- C11D3/2079—Monocarboxylic acids-salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C11D3/30—Amines; Substituted amines ; Quaternized amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C11D3/32—Amides; Substituted amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C11D3/33—Amino carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
- C11D1/06—Ether- or thioether carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/722—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols having mixed oxyalkylene groups; Polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols or polyalkoxylated alkylaryl alcohols with mixed oxyalkylele groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
- C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
- C11D2111/16—Metals
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂及其制备方法和应用。所述轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂以质量百分比计,由以下组分构成:复配表面活性剂12%~18.5%、螯合剂15%~20%、增溶剂8%~14%、助洗剂5%~8%和余量的水;其中,所述复配表面活性剂为质量比1:2~4的阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂;所述螯合剂选自乙二胺四乙酸四钠和亚氨基二琥珀酸钠的一种或任意比例的两种;所述增溶剂为N,N二甲基癸酰胺和异丙苯甲酸钠中的一种或任意比例的两种;所述助洗剂选自乙醇胺和碳酸钾中的一种或任意比例的两种。本发明的清洗剂去污能力强,尤其对轨道车辆车身黄斑具有良好的去除能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于清洁剂技术领域,具体涉及一种用于轨道车辆外表面的清洗剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
轨道车辆,如高速铁路客车、城市轨道交通车辆,在高速时行驶与空气产生摩擦,导致气流分离,形成负压,使车体表面粘附灰尘、粘土以及轮轨摩擦产生的铁屑、碳粉等;到了夏、秋季,快速行驶的列车与蚊蝇飞虫相撞,飞虫破碎的躯体使动车表面残留蛋白质等各种有机物,使车体污垢成分更加复杂。车体黄斑就是轨道车辆比较典型的顽固污垢。污垢的累积不仅会影响动车的美观,还会增大动车与空气的摩擦力,粗糙表面更利于污垢的附着,无形中增加了车辆的能耗。污垢在车体表面聚集可能会导致漆膜光泽度降低和漆膜硬度下降,从而降低漆膜对车体结构的保护作用,严重的还会引起点腐蚀、缝隙腐蚀等局部腐蚀发生,危及动车运行的安全。因此,轨道车辆车体清洗是防止车辆腐蚀的有效措施之一。此外,轨道车辆清洗能为乘客带来更好的乘车体验和更舒适的乘车环境。
现有技术中,车辆外表面清洁剂常含有强酸或强碱等腐蚀性强的成分。如公开号CN 109295464 A、公开日2019年2月1日的中国发明专利申请“一种多功能环保稀土清洗剂及其制备方法”,其公开的清洗剂中含有2~10%的氨基磺酸。氨基磺酸,又叫固体硫酸,其水溶液具有与盐酸、硫酸同等的强酸性,对铁等金属具有腐蚀作用。这样的清洁剂长期使用会导致车身金属或者漆面被破坏,对作业现场自流平地面也有一定破坏,清洗后的污水还会污染环境。
为了减少对车身的腐蚀和对环境的污染,现有技术的清洁剂常使用表面活性剂来替代强酸或强碱。如公开号CN109762677 A、公开日2019年5月17日的中国发明专利申请“一种高铁清洗剂及其制备方法”,公开了一种组成为两性双离子表面活性剂、缓蚀阻垢剂、洗涤剂、助剂、芳香剂和水的高铁清洗剂,其中两性双离子表面活性剂为十二烷基二甲基胺乙内酯和/或十八烷基二甲基胺乙内酯。再如公开号CN103740487A、公开日2014年4月23日的中国发明专利申请“一种高铁外表面清洗剂及其使用方法”,公开的清洗剂包括非离子表面活性剂(乙氧基化烷基硫酸钠和异构醇聚氧乙烯醚)、络合剂、碳酸氢钠;其中所述络合剂选自乙二胺四乙酸二钠、羟基乙叉二膦酸二钠、羟基乙叉二膦酸二钾中的一种或几种。公开号CN106675879A、公开日2017年5月17日的中国发明专利申请“高铁列车表面顽垢高效清洗剂及制备方法及清洗方法”,也公开了一种含非离子表面活性剂的清洗剂,其还包括精油、含氧溶剂、醇类溶剂和水;其中非离子表面活性剂是脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(10)和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(3)的混合物。
此外,现有技术中还出现了表面活性剂的复配。叶丹等报道了一种高效动车组外皮清洗剂,组成为5.0%椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺、4.0%丙二醇嵌段聚醚、4.0%α-烯基磺酸钠、1.0%柠檬酸钠、0.1%聚三元羧酸酯和0.3%三元羧酸衍生物类缓蚀剂L190-C。其中,椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺和丙二醇嵌段聚醚为非离子表面活性剂,α-烯基磺酸钠是阴离子表面活性剂(叶丹,等.一种高效动车组外皮清洗剂的研制[J].清洗世界,2018,34(5):16-22)。
轨道车辆表面的污垢成分不仅具有复杂性和不确定性的特点,而且污垢经过长时间高速气流冲击以及风干过程还可能发生层层叠加,使得清洗工作的难度大幅度提高。除此之外,列车车身材质的多样性(涂有金属漆和面漆的铝合金、三元乙丙橡胶和贴有聚氨酯防眩晕、增透亮保护膜的玻璃)、清洗时间的限制以及现有机械喷淋刷洗为主的清洗工艺的特点等,都给清洗剂研制和应用提出了更大挑战。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂。该清洗剂对高铁客车和城市轨道车辆外表面的污垢,尤其是黄斑有优异的清洗效果。此外,本发明的清洗剂不含腐蚀性成分,环境友好,不会对车体漆膜或玻璃造成损害。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用了如下的技术方案:
一种轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂,以质量百分比计,由以下组分构成:
复配表面活性剂12%~18.5%、螯合剂15%~20%、增溶剂8%~14%、助洗剂5%~8%和余量的水;
其中,所述复配表面活性剂为质量比1:2~4的阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂,所述阴离子表面活性剂选自异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸、烷基酚醚磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸中的一种或任意比例的多种,所述非离子表面活性剂选自丙二醇嵌段聚醚和多支链异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或任意比例的两种;
所述螯合剂选自乙二胺四乙酸四钠和亚氨基二琥珀酸钠的一种或任意比例的两种;
所述增溶剂为N,N二甲基癸酰胺和异丙苯甲酸钠中的一种或任意比例的两种;
所述助洗剂选自乙醇胺和碳酸钾中的一种或任意比例的两种。
优选地,所述轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂,以质量百分比计,由以下组分构成:
复配表面活性剂14%~16%、螯合剂18%~20%、增溶剂10%~12%、助洗剂6%~7%和余量的水;
其中,所述复配表面活性剂、螯合剂、增溶剂和助洗剂如前所定义。
优选地,所述复配表面活性剂为质量比1:2~3的阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂。
还优选地,所述阴离子表面活性剂包括质量比为1~4:1~3.5的异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸和烷基酚醚磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐。
优选地,所述非离子表面活性剂为质量比1:2~4的丙二醇嵌段聚醚和多支链异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚。
优选地,所述螯合剂为质量比1:2~4的乙二胺四乙酸四钠和亚氨基二琥珀酸钠。
优选地,所述助洗剂为乙醇胺或质量比4:1的乙醇胺与碳酸钾。
作为一个优选的实施方案,本发明提供一种轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂,按质量百分比计,由以下组分构成:
丙二醇嵌段聚醚2%~3.5%,多支链异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚7.0%~9.0%,异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸1.0~3.5%,烷基酚醚磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐0.5%~4%,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸0~2%,乙二胺四乙酸四钠3%~5%,亚氨基二琥珀酸钠10%~16%,N,N二甲基癸酰胺4%~10%,异丙苯甲酸钠0~10%,乙醇胺4%~8%,碳酸钾0~2%,余量为去离子水;
其中,异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸和烷基酚醚磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐的总质量和丙二醇嵌段聚醚和多支链异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚的总质量之比为1:2~3。
本发明还有一个目的在于提供上述轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂的制备方法,包括:按照重量百分比准备各组分,然后在带有搅拌装置的容器内先加入水,搅拌下依次加入所述助洗剂、螯合剂、复配表面活性剂和增溶剂,充分混合均匀,检测,包装,即得。
优选地,所述助洗剂、螯合剂、复配表面活性剂和增溶剂加入完毕后,1200r/min搅拌40分钟。
本发明还有一个目的在于提供上述轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂在轨道车辆外表面清洗中的应用。
优选地,所述应用是指将所述轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂用自来水或经过纯化处理的水稀释至质量百分浓度为5~20%,将稀释后的清洗剂喷涂到轨道车辆外表面,润湿2-3分钟后,用软毛刷进行擦洗,然后用自来水冲洗干净。
本说明书中,如果没有特殊说明,所述“水”是指经过净化、纯化处理的水,包括去离子水、蒸馏水等;所述的自来水是指符合GB5749-2006标准的生活用水。
本发明提供的轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂,成分环境友好,没有腐蚀性,去污能力,尤其是去除轨道车辆外表面黄斑的能力强,
具体实施方式
以下参照具体的实施例来说明本发明。本领域技术人员能够理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明,其不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的原料、试剂材料等,如无特殊说明,均为市售购买产品。
实施例1一种轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂
1kg本实施例所述轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂的原料组成见表1,通过如下步骤制备:
将去离子水加入反应釜中,在搅拌下依次加入助剂、鳌合剂、复配表面活性剂、增溶剂,1200r/min搅拌40分钟,检测,分包装,即得。
实施例2~实施例4一种轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂
1kg各实施例所述轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂的原料组成见表1,按照实施例1相同的方法和步骤制备。
表1 1kg实施例1~4的轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂的原料组成(单位:g)
对比例1~对比例6一种轨道车辆外表面清洗剂
1kg各对比例所述轨道车辆外表面清洗剂的原料组成见表2,基本按照实施例1相同的方法和步骤制备。
表2 1kg对比例1~6的轨道车辆外表面清洗剂的原料组成(单位:g)
测试例1各实施例和对比例的清洗效果测定
1.洗净力测定
首先,将洗净的钢片于120℃下干燥1h后,放置到干燥器中冷却至室温后称重,记为M0,用毛刷在钢片规定部位均匀涂敷植物油垢0.2±0.02g;然后,将涂有油污的钢片在200℃下老化10min,取出放在干燥器中陈化20~22h便得污片。将污片称重并记为M1,然后将污片置于500mL的烧杯中,加入50mL清洗剂后置于恒温振荡箱中,在120r/min的转速下振荡10min后取出污片,并用自来水冲洗10s,接着120℃下干燥1h后放置到干燥器中冷却至室温称重,记为M2。洗净力的计算公式如下。
F=M1-M2/M1-M0×100%
式中,F为洗去油污的质量分数;M0为钢片的质量,g;M1为污片洗前的质量,g;M2为污片洗后的质量,g。
各实施例和对比例的清洗剂的洗净力测定结果,见表3。
表3各实施例和对比例的清洗效果
组别 | 洗净力% | 漂洗性 | pH值(5倍稀释液) |
实施例1 | 90 | 易漂洗 | 8.8 |
实施例2 | 93 | 易漂洗 | 8.6 |
实施例3 | 96 | 易漂洗 | 8.9 |
实施例4 | 90 | 易漂洗 | 8.7 |
对比例1 | 82 | 易漂洗 | 8.9 |
对比例2 | 78 | 易漂洗 | 8.8 |
对比例3 | 84 | 易漂洗 | 9.3 |
对比例4 | 87 | 易漂洗 | 9.5 |
对比例5 | 87 | 易漂洗 | 9.8 |
对比例6 | 85 | 易漂洗 | 9.6 |
表3示出:
1)本发明各实施例清洗剂的洗净力均在90%以上,其中以实施例3的洗净力最高,达到96%;对比例清洗剂的洗净力均未达到90%,明显低于各实施例。说明本发明提供的清洗剂的洗净力高于对比例。
2)本发明各实施例清洗剂的pH值适中,而对比例的pH大多数在9.0以上,碱性强于本发明的清洗剂。
2.黄斑去除率试验
按照标准GB/T35759-2017,将各受试的清洗剂用自来水稀释5倍(稀释后质量百分比浓度为20%),通过喷壶喷洒到高铁动车组车身,3分钟后用水冲淋,观察一次黄斑去除率。重复三次,取三次结果的平均值,记录于表4。
表4黄斑去除率评价
*对黄斑的去除效果用黄斑去除率来评价,表达为
黄斑去除率=(去除前的黄斑面积cm2-去除后的黄斑面积cm2)/去除前的黄斑面积cm2×100%
表4的数据示出:本发明各实施例的清洗剂对黄斑有显著的清除作用,试验条件下黄斑去除率在60%以上,特别是实施例2清洗剂的黄斑去除率最高,达到70%。而对比例清洗剂的黄斑去除率最高仅32.5%,尤其是对比例1,黄斑去除率仅5%。试验证明:本发明的清洗剂能够有效去除轨道车辆车身的黄斑。
3.金属腐蚀性
按照GB/T 35759-2017《金属清洗剂》标准,测定各实施例和对比例对金属的腐蚀性,结果见表5。
表5各实施例及对比例清洗剂对金属的腐蚀性分析
按照GB/T 35759-2017《金属清洗剂》标准规定的指标要求,45#钢外观应为0级,腐蚀量≤2.0mg,LY12硬铝的外观应为0级,腐蚀量≤2.0mg。
表5的数据示出:
本发明实施例清洗剂的各项指标均符合标准要求。虽然对比例清洗剂在金属外观项符合指标要求,但是对LY12硬铝的腐蚀量超过了规定的2.0mg的上限,提示它们对LY12硬铝有一定的腐蚀性。高铁车身主要为铝合金,对比例的清洗剂显然不适于清洗高铁车身。因此,在金属腐蚀性方面,本发明的清洗剂性能优于对比例。
总之,本发明的黄斑清洗剂在洗净力、黄斑去除能力和金属腐蚀性等各方面均优于对比例。对比例和本发明的清洗剂的差别仅于组成成分和/或用量配比。正是特定组成才赋予本发明清洗剂卓越的清洗和黄斑去除作用。
Claims (10)
1.一种轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂,以质量百分比计,由以下组分构成:
复配表面活性剂12%~18.5%、螯合剂15%~20%、增溶剂8%~14%、助洗剂5%~8%和余量的水;
其中,所述复配表面活性剂为质量比1:2~4的阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂,所述阴离子表面活性剂选自异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸、烷基酚醚磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸中的一种或任意比例的多种,所述非离子表面活性剂选自丙二醇嵌段聚醚和多支链异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或任意比例的两种;
所述螯合剂选自乙二胺四乙酸四钠和亚氨基二琥珀酸钠的一种或任意比例的两种;
所述增溶剂为N,N二甲基癸酰胺和异丙苯甲酸钠中的一种或任意比例的两种;
所述助洗剂选自乙醇胺和碳酸钾中的一种或任意比例的两种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂,其特征在于,所述轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂,以质量百分比计,由以下组分构成:
复配表面活性剂14%~16%、螯合剂18%~20%、增溶剂10%~12%、助洗剂6%~7%和余量的水;
其中,所述复配表面活性剂、螯合剂、增溶剂和助洗剂如权利要求1中所定义。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂,其特征在于,所述复配表面活性剂为质量比1:2~3的阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂,其特征在于,所述阴离子表面活性剂包括质量比为1~4:1~3.5的异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸和烷基酚醚磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐;
优选地,所述非离子表面活性剂为质量比1:2~4的丙二醇嵌段聚醚和多支链异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂,其特征在于,所述螯合剂为质量比1:2~4的乙二胺四乙酸四钠和亚氨基二琥珀酸钠;
优选地,所述助洗剂为乙醇胺或质量比4:1的乙醇胺与碳酸钾。
6.一种轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂,按质量百分比计,由以下组分构成:
丙二醇嵌段聚醚2%~3.5%,多支链异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚7.0%~9.0%,异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸1.0~3.5%,烷基酚醚磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐0.5%~4%,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸0~2%,乙二胺四乙酸四钠3%~5%,亚氨基二琥珀酸钠10%~16%,N,N二甲基癸酰胺4%~10%,异丙苯甲酸钠0~10%,乙醇胺4%~8%,碳酸钾0~2%,余量为去离子水;
其中,异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸和烷基酚醚磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐的总质量和丙二醇嵌段聚醚和多支链异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚的总质量之比为1:2~3。
7.权利要求1至6中任一项所述的轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂的制备方法,包括:按照重量百分比准备各组分,然后在带有搅拌装置的容器内先加入水,搅拌下依次加入所述助洗剂、螯合剂、复配表面活性剂和增溶剂,充分混合均匀,检测,包装,即得。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述助洗剂、螯合剂、复配表面活性剂和增溶剂加入完毕后,1200r/min搅拌40分钟。
9.权利要求1至6中任一项所述的轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂,或根据权利要求7或8所述的制备方法制备的轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂在轨道车辆外表面清洗中的应用,尤其是在轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述应用是指将所述轨道车辆外表面黄斑清洗剂用自来水或经过纯化处理的水稀释至质量百分浓度为5~20%,将稀释后的清洗剂喷涂到轨道车辆外表面,润湿2-3分钟后,用软毛刷进行擦洗,然后用自来水冲洗干净。
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