CN110447524B - Method for cultivating peanut seedlings by sand water culture - Google Patents
Method for cultivating peanut seedlings by sand water culture Download PDFInfo
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- CN110447524B CN110447524B CN201910880630.5A CN201910880630A CN110447524B CN 110447524 B CN110447524 B CN 110447524B CN 201910880630 A CN201910880630 A CN 201910880630A CN 110447524 B CN110447524 B CN 110447524B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Abstract
A method for culturing peanut seedlings by sand water culture comprises the following steps: cleaning quartz sand, dressing seeds, laying the quartz sand in a sand culture box (1), placing peanut seeds, continuously covering the peanut seeds with the quartz sand, placing the sand culture box (1) in a water culture box (2), building an arch shed (3), removing a mulching film, and replacing a culture solution. The method combines sand culture and water culture for use, sand is above water (culture solution), the vertical growth of peanut seedlings is guaranteed, the sand culture box can be conveniently taken out for replacing the culture solution, and the influence of adverse physiological or nutrient elements of peanuts on the growth of the peanuts can be conveniently sampled and observed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water culture and sand culture of crop seedlings, in particular to a method for culturing peanut seedlings by sand water culture by combining a sand culture box and a water culture box.
Background
In indoor experiments, when studying the regulation and control of crop seedling stage adversity physiology or nutrient elements on growth, mainly adopts water culture and sand culture methods.
Hydroponics is the cultivation of crops with water. Since the nutrient absorbed by crops must be in an ionic state dissolved in water, the method can absorb the plant nutrient very quickly, and the crops grow quickly. However, water is a fluid, and has no function of supporting the crops to stand, so that the crops are not easy to normally stand, and in addition, the crops are soaked in the water for a long time and are likely to rot due to the lack of oxygen at the roots.
The sand cultured by the sand can well support the vertical growth of crops, the crops are easy to root, and the risk of root rot is avoided. But has the disadvantages that the crops absorb nutrient substances and mineral substances slowly and insufficiently; the growth condition of the root system of the crop needs to be observed frequently in the test process, which is inconvenient when a root system sample or root system secretion is taken.
In the prior art, in the test of salt tolerance identification of crops in seedling stage, some crop seeds are firstly placed on a screen mesh fixed in an open container such as a turnover box, and then a proper amount of culture solution is added for culture; some of the foam plates are dug holes, and the crop seedlings are placed in the holes and then float on the culture solution in the turnover box. The method using the screen brings troubles for use due to the fixation of the screen, such as seed placement, culture solution supplement or replacement and the like, and is particularly unfavorable for the dynamic observation of root system growth; when the foam board is used, the foam board is easy to break and is not beneficial to high-flux large-scale standardized test and dynamic observation of root growth. If the open container is not well covered during culture and the water evaporation amount is large, the salt concentration in a treatment group is easily increased, and further, the system error is increased, and the test result is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for cultivating peanut seedlings by sand water culture, which combines sand culture with water culture, sand is above the sand and below the water (culture solution), the disadvantages of the sand culture and the water culture can be avoided, the peanut seedlings can be cultivated on a high-standard small scale by optimizing and designing the cultivation conditions and combining the advantages of the sand culture and the water culture, and the experiments on the aspects of the influence of adverse environment physiology or nutrient elements of peanuts on the growth of the peanuts and the like can be accurately and conveniently carried out.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for culturing peanut seedlings by sand water culture comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: cleaning quartz sand, draining, and exposing to the sun for at least two days for later use;
step two: selecting even and plump peanut seeds, and dressing the seeds with a bactericide;
step three: soaking the prepared quartz sand, then fishing out and draining, taking a sand culture box with a hole at the bottom, and laying a layer of wet quartz sand at the bottom of the sand culture box;
step four: placing the peanut seeds after seed dressing on quartz sand;
step five: continuously laying quartz sand on the peanut seeds, pressing the quartz sand downwards by using a flat plate, and tightly pressing the quartz sand on the peanut seeds;
step six: placing the sand culture box in a water culture box, wherein a culture solution is filled at the bottom of the water culture box, and a gap of 0.5-3 cm is kept between the upper surface of the culture solution and the bottom of the sand culture box;
step seven: before emergence of seedlings, an arch shed is built on a sand culture box for moisturizing;
step eight: removing the arched shed after the peanut cotyledon is unfolded;
step nine: replacing the culture solution every 3-5 days, filtering the sand culture box in the culture solution when the culture solution is replaced to balance the concentration of the culture solution in the quartz sand, draining water, and then putting the sand culture box into a water culture basin added with new culture solution again;
step ten: and (4) replacing the culture solution in the water culture box after the peanut seedlings emerge neatly.
According to the method for cultivating peanut seedlings by sand water culture, the quartz sand adopts 30-50 meshes of quartz sand, so that the production of peanut root systems is facilitated.
According to the method for culturing peanut seedlings by sand water culture, the culture solution can select different peanut adversity physiological or nutrient elements according to test requirements, such as nitrogen phosphorus potassium culture solutions with different contents.
According to the method for cultivating peanut seedlings by sand water culture, the cultivation temperature of peanuts is controlled to be 26 +/-3 ℃, the humidity is kept to be 50% +/-5%, and the illumination time is 15-20 hours.
According to the method for cultivating peanut seedlings by sand water culture, the bactericide in the second step comprises carbendazim, so that various crop diseases caused by fungi can be effectively controlled.
In the method for culturing peanut seedlings by sand water culture, the quartz sand in the third step is soaked by deionized water.
According to the method for cultivating peanut seedlings through sand water culture, the size of the sand culture box corresponds to that of the water culture box at the lower part, and after the sand culture box is placed into the water culture box, the distance from the bottom of the sand culture box to the bottom of the water culture box is more than 5 cm.
Preferably, the bottom of the water culture box is filled with a culture solution with the height of 3.5-4 cm, and a certain gap is formed between the upper surface of the culture solution and the bottom of the sand culture box, so that the roots of the peanuts are exposed in the air gap, and the roots of the peanuts can breathe oxygen conveniently.
According to the sand culture box, a plurality of radicle holes are regularly distributed at the bottom of the sand culture box, and the size of the radicle holes is smaller than that of peanuts so as to prevent peanut seeds from leaking. Preferably, the diameter of the radicle hole is between 0.4 and 0.5 cm.
As a further preference, the spacing between the radicular holes is greater than 5cm to allow space for peanut seedlings to grow.
According to the method for culturing peanut seedlings by sand water culture, in the fourth step, peanut seeds are placed on quartz sand according to the distribution positions of the radicle holes, so that the roots of the peanuts can be conveniently pricked into the culture solution of the water culture box along the radicle holes downwards.
Preferably, all the peanut seeds in the fourth step are placed along the horizontal direction when being placed.
According to the method for cultivating peanut seedlings through sand-water culture, in the seventh step, the arched shed comprises a mulching film and a plurality of supporting bars, the supporting bars are connected with the sand culture box or the water culture box, and the mulching film is covered on the supporting bars. Preferably, the support bar can select thicker iron wire for use, conveniently buckles, can place sand culture box or water culture box both ends with it curved into the arc during the use.
In the method for cultivating peanut seedlings by sand water culture, in the step eight, the removal of the arched shed, particularly the removal of the mulching film is carried out after the light is turned off at night so as to prevent the leaves from rapidly losing water. Preferably, the removal of the mulch film may be performed after one hour of light-off at night.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a method for culturing peanut seedlings by sand water culture, which combines sand culture with water culture, wherein sand is above water (culture solution), so that the vertical growth of the peanut seedlings is ensured, a sand culture box can be conveniently taken out to replace the culture solution, and the influence of adverse physiological or nutrient elements of the peanuts on the growth of the peanuts can be conveniently observed by sampling, and the success rate of culture and the growth speed of the seedlings are ensured, and the controllability of the culture conditions and the accuracy of test results are improved by optimizing and strictly controlling the environmental conditions such as the temperature, the humidity and the illumination of the peanut seedlings, and scientifically designing the planting intervals, the coverage conditions and the air-permeable and light-permeable conditions. The sand culture box, the water culture box, the arched shed and the like used in the culture method have simple structure and convenient manufacture, can be used for not only small-scale industrialized culture of peanut seedlings, but also seedling culture condition tests in scientific research, and have great popularization and application values.
Drawings
The aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a layout view of a sand culture box, a water culture box and an arch in the embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a connection diagram of a sand culture box and a water culture box;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an isolated view of a sand culture box and a water culture box;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the sand box;
the components represented by the reference numerals in the figures are:
1. sand culture box, 11, handle, 12, radicle hole, 2, water culture box, 3, arched shed, 31, support bar, 32 and mulching film.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure can be more completely understood and fully conveyed to those skilled in the art, and the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms without being limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Example 1
A method for culturing peanut seedlings by sand water culture is characterized in that the culture temperature is controlled at 26 +/-1 ℃, the humidity is kept at 50% +/-2%, and the illumination period is 18h/6 h. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) cleaning 30-50 meshes of quartz sand by using tap water until the water is completely clear, draining, and exposing the quartz sand to the sun for two days for later use.
Step two: selecting uniform and plump peanut seeds, and dressing the seeds with carbendazim dry powder to prevent and treat crop diseases caused by fungi.
Step three: soaking the prepared quartz sand in deionized water, taking out from the water, draining, and laying a layer of wet quartz sand with a thickness of 1cm on the bottom of a sand culture box 1 with a hole at the bottom.
Further, the structure of the sand culture box 1 is shown in fig. 4 and 5, the bottom of the sand culture box is provided with 20 embryo root holes 12, and the embryo root holes 12 are evenly distributed according to the row spacing of 7cm and the column spacing of 5 cm. Of course, the distribution distance can also be adjusted according to the characteristics of the crop varieties or the experimental requirements. Handles 11 are further arranged on two sides of the sand culture box 1, and the sand culture box 1 is convenient to take.
Preferably, the radicular aperture 12 is smaller than the peanut size to prevent peanut seeds from leaking out. The radicular hole in this example is 0.5cm in diameter.
Step four: the peanut seeds after seed mixing are placed on the quartz sand according to the line spacing of 7cm, the plant spacing of 5cm and 1 seed per hole, and the peanut seeds are respectively positioned above each radicle hole 12, so that the roots of the peanuts can be conveniently pricked into the culture solution of the water culture box 2 downwards along the radicle holes 12.
Preferably, all the peanut seeds are placed along the horizontal direction when being placed.
Step five: continuously laying quartz sand with the thickness of 3cm on the peanut seeds, and continuously lightly pressing the quartz sand downwards by using a flat plate during the laying process to tightly press the quartz sand on the peanut seeds;
step six: the sand culture box 1 is placed in the water culture box 2, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the bottom of the water culture box 2 is filled with culture solution with the height of 3.5cm, a gap of 1.2cm is kept between the upper surface of the culture solution and the bottom of the sand culture box, and the roots of the peanuts are exposed in the air gap so as to be beneficial to the roots to breathe oxygen.
Step seven: before emergence of seedlings, a small arch shed 3 is built above a sand culture box 1 by using support bars 31 and mulching films 32 for moisturizing, referring to fig. 1, a plurality of sand culture boxes 1 and water culture boxes 2 can be connected together, the support bars 31 are connected with the sand culture box 1, and the mulching films 32 cover the support bars 31 and completely wrap the upper opening of the sand culture box 1. Preferably, the supporting bars 31 are made of thick iron wires, so that the supporting bars are convenient to bend, and are bent into arcs to be placed at two ends of the sand culture box 1 when in use.
Step eight: removing the arched shed 3 after the peanut cotyledons are unfolded. Preferably, removal of the mulch 32 is performed after one hour of light-off at night to prevent rapid water loss from the peanut leaves.
Step nine: replacing the culture solution every 4 days, filtering the sand culture box 1 in the culture solution when the culture solution is replaced to balance the concentration of the culture solution in the quartz sand, draining water, and then putting the sand culture box 1 into the water culture basin 2 added with new culture solution again;
step ten: and (4) after the peanut seedlings emerge regularly, treating and replacing the culture solution in the water culture box according to the test or cultivation requirement.
Example 2
A method for culturing peanut seedlings by sand water culture is characterized in that the culture temperature is controlled at 26 +/-1 ℃, the humidity is kept at 50% +/-2%, and the illumination period is 18h/6 h. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the quartz sand is cleaned by tap water until the water is completely clear, then drained and reserved after being exposed to the sun for three days, in the embodiment, the quartz sand is composed of quartz sand with three grain size grades, wherein, according to the weight ratio, quartz sand with-30 meshes to +35 meshes accounts for 15%, quartz sand with-35 meshes to +40 meshes accounts for 25%, and quartz sand with-40 meshes to +45 meshes accounts for 60% (each mass ratio can be plus or minus 3%), and the screening and the grading ratio can be carried out before cleaning or after cleaning, and are better after cleaning.
Step two: selecting uniform and plump peanut seeds, and dressing the seeds with carbendazim dry powder to prevent and treat crop diseases caused by fungi.
Step three: soaking the prepared quartz sand in deionized water, fishing out from the water, draining the water until no water drops, taking a sand culture box 1 with holes at the bottom, laying a layer of wet quartz sand with the thickness of 1cm on the bottom of the sand culture box, wherein the bottom of the sand culture box 1 is provided with 20 embryo root holes 12, the embryo root holes 12 are evenly distributed according to the row spacing of 7cm and the column spacing of 5cm, and the diameter of the embryo root hole in the embodiment is 0.4 cm.
Step four: placing the peanut seeds after seed mixing on quartz sand according to the line spacing of 7cm, the plant spacing of 5cm and 1 seed per hole, and enabling the peanut seeds to be respectively positioned above each radicle hole 12, so that the roots of the peanuts can be conveniently pricked into the culture solution of the water culture box 2 downwards along the radicle holes 12, and all the peanut seeds are placed along the horizontal direction when being placed.
Step five: continuously laying quartz sand with the thickness of 3.5cm on the peanut seeds, and continuously lightly pressing the quartz sand downwards by using a flat plate during the laying process to tightly press the quartz sand on the peanut seeds;
step six: the sand culture box 1 is placed in the water culture box 2, the culture solution with the height of 3.8cm is filled at the bottom of the water culture box 2, and a gap of 1.5cm is kept between the upper surface of the culture solution and the bottom of the sand culture box, so that the roots of the peanuts are exposed in the air gap of the section, and the roots can breathe oxygen conveniently.
Step seven: before emergence of seedlings, a small arch shed 3 is built above a sand culture box 1 by using support bars 31 and mulching films 32 for moisturizing, the sand culture box 1 and a plurality of water culture boxes 2 are connected together, the support bars 31 are connected with the sand culture box 1, and the mulching films 32 cover the support bars 31 and completely wrap the upper opening of the sand culture box 1.
Step eight: the mulch 32 is removed after the peanut cotyledons are expanded, and the operation is performed after one hour of light-off at night to prevent the peanut leaves from rapidly losing water.
Step nine: replacing the culture solution every 4 days, filtering the sand culture box 1 in the culture solution when the culture solution is replaced to balance the concentration of the culture solution in the quartz sand, draining water, and then putting the sand culture box 1 into the water culture basin 2 added with new culture solution again;
step ten: and (4) after the peanut seedlings emerge regularly, treating and replacing the culture solution in the water culture box according to the test or cultivation requirement.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or additions or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for culturing peanut seedlings by sand water culture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: cleaning quartz sand, draining, and exposing to the sun for at least two days for later use;
step two: selecting even and plump peanut seeds, and dressing the seeds with a bactericide;
step three: soaking prepared quartz sand, fishing out and draining, taking a sand culture box (1) with a hole at the bottom, laying a layer of wet quartz sand at the bottom of the sand culture box (1), wherein a plurality of radicle holes (12) are regularly distributed at the bottom of the sand culture box (1), and the size of the radicle hole (12) is smaller than that of a peanut;
step four: placing the peanut seeds after seed mixing on quartz sand, and placing the peanut seeds on the quartz sand according to the distribution positions of the germ holes (12);
step five: continuously laying quartz sand on the peanut seeds, pressing the quartz sand downwards by using a flat plate, and tightly pressing the quartz sand on the peanut seeds;
step six: placing the sand culture box (1) in the water culture box (2), wherein a culture solution is filled at the bottom of the water culture box (2), and a gap of 0.5-3 cm is kept between the upper surface of the culture solution and the bottom of the sand culture box (1);
step seven: before emergence of seedlings, an arch shed (3) is built on a sand culture box (1) for moisturizing;
step eight: removing the arched shed (3) after the peanut cotyledon is unfolded;
step nine: replacing the culture solution every 3-5 days, filtering the sand culture box (1) in the culture solution when the culture solution is replaced, balancing the concentration of the culture solution in the quartz sand, draining water, and then putting the sand culture box (1) into the water culture box (2) added with new culture solution again;
step ten: and (3) replacing the culture solution in the water culture box (2) after the peanut seedlings emerge neatly.
2. The method for sand-water culture of peanut seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the quartz sand is 30-50 meshes quartz sand.
3. The method for cultivating peanut seedlings through sand water culture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation temperature of peanuts is controlled at 26 ± 3 ℃, the humidity is kept at 50% ± 5%, and the illumination time is 15-20 h.
4. The method for sand-water culture of peanut seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the quartz sand in step three is soaked with deionized water.
5. The method for cultivating peanut seedlings through sand water culture is characterized in that the sand culture box (1) corresponds to the water culture box (2) in size, and after the sand culture box (1) is placed in the water culture box (2), the distance between the bottom of the sand culture box (1) and the bottom of the water culture box (2) is larger than 5 cm.
6. The method for cultivating peanut seedlings in sand water as claimed in claim 1, wherein all the peanut seeds in the fourth step are placed horizontally.
7. A method for sand-water culture of peanut seedlings as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the arched shed (3) in step seven comprises a plastic film (32) and a plurality of support bars (31), the support bars (31) are connected with the sand culture box (1) or the water culture box (2), and the plastic film (32) covers the support bars (31).
8. The method for sand-water culture of peanut seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the removal of the shed (3) in step eight is performed after the lights are turned off at night.
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| CN113785746A (en) * | 2021-10-16 | 2021-12-14 | 厦门晨顼园艺有限公司 | Cultivation method of begonia senilis |
| CN114128572B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-08-25 | 五月阳光生物科技(浙江)有限公司 | Corn planting method with high SOD content |
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