CN110437805B - 一种纳米粒子掺杂型光热转化复合相变材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种纳米粒子掺杂型光热转化复合相变材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种纳米粒子掺杂型光热转化复合相变材料的制备方法,属于复合相变材料领域。首先原位生长法,在氧化石墨烯表面原位生长金属硫化物(CuS)颗粒,得到rGO@CuS载体材料;改变氧化石墨烯的投入量,制备出石墨烯含量不同的rGO@CuS多孔载体材料;再采用溶液浸渍法,将rGO@CuS多孔载体材料分散于配制好的含有相变芯材的溶液中,利用石墨烯的超大比表面积吸附有机相变材料,在高于相变温度下,干燥得到纳米粒子掺杂型光热转化复合相变材料。本发明利用硫化铜的高光吸收能力和石墨烯的高导热系数,同时提高了有机相变材料的光热转换性能与导热性能,制备的复合相变材料光热转化性能优异、同时具有热能存储与释放能力,循环稳定性好、工艺简单、适合规模化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合相变材料领域,具体涉及一种纳米粒子掺杂型光热转化复合相变材料的制备方法。
背景技术
能源是人类一切生命活动与生产生存的基础。目前,能源危机已经成为了阻碍社会发展的巨大问题。因此,开发和利用可再生能源,对于解决环境和能源问题具有重大意义。太阳能、风能、生物能、海洋能等可再生能源已被人类广泛开发,但是这些能源都存在分散性、间歇性、波动性等缺点,导致其有效使用率低。储能技术可以将不连续、随机性较强的能量存储在适当的介质中,并在需要时释放出来,实现对能量的高效利用,解决能源供求在时间和空间上不匹配的问题。相变储能材料(Phase change materials,PCMs)是近年发展起来的一类高新技术材料,利用其相变过程中产生吸热和放热效应可进行热能储存和温度调控。目前,相变材料已在建筑节能、电力调峰、废热利用、跨季节储热和储冷、食物保鲜等诸多领域有了广泛的应用。
在能源日益枯竭的今天,如何利用太阳光的能量并且高效地将其进行转化对缓解能源危机与环境污染问题起着至关重要的作用。太阳能中仅有约40%的红外光能够对物质直接加热,可见光区与紫外光区没有直接的加热能力,因此,在相变材料储热的基础上,为了提高热能的吸收与转换能力,特殊的光热转换装置与拥有光热转换能力的材料成为如何提高热效率的研究方向。
有机类相变材料作为一种固液相变材料,具有无过冷及析出、性能稳定、无毒、无腐蚀性等优点,在储能领域受到研究者的广泛关注。然而在其相变过程中会发生固态向液态的转变,为了避免其在液相状态下的泄露,需要对其加以定形才能使用。多孔基复合相变材料作为定形相变材料的最典型代表,利用比表面积大、孔隙率高的多孔基材将相变材料吸附到孔道中,能够有效防止其在固液相变时的泄露,大大降低对容器腐蚀作用。然而,由于有机类相变芯材存在吸光性较差、导热系数低的缺点,限制了其在太阳能热能存储领域中的发展。因此,强化有机相变材料的光吸收、光热转化、热传输能力,开发一种兼具光热转化能力和热能存储与释放能力的复合相变材料对于相变储能材料的有效利用及应用推广具有重要意义。
硫化铜(CuS)是一种重要的过渡金属硫化物,作为重要的一种半导体材料,具有良好的可见光吸收、光催化活性、光致发电等性能。随着纳米技术的发展,由于量子尺寸效应、表面效应和宏观量子隧道效应,CuS纳米材料具有块体材料无法比拟的特性。石墨烯(Graphene)是一种由碳原子以sp2杂化轨道组成六角型呈蜂巢晶格的二维碳纳米材料,具有非常好的热传导性能,纯的无缺陷的单层石墨烯的导热系数高达5300W/mK,是目前为止导热系数最高的碳材料。同时,石墨烯也是一种黑色高吸收可见光的材料。基于CuS和石墨烯的以上特点,本发明利用硫化铜的高光吸收能力和石墨烯的高导热系数,有望同时提高有机相变材料的光热转换性能与导热性能。将这种石墨烯@纳米金属硫化物(rGO@CuS)复合颗粒分散到具有固-液相变性质的有机相变材料中,制备出兼具光热转化能力和热能存储与释放能力的复合相变材料的研究还未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于通过制备石墨烯@硫化铜(rGO@CuS)复合物为载体材料,开发一种新型的光热转化复合相变材料,使该材料同时具有不泄露、芯材选择多样化、光热转化能力强和传热性能优异等优势。
本发明的技术方案是:1)将氧化石墨烯粉末超声分散至乙二醇溶液中,将醋酸铜(Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O)和硫脲缓慢加入至上述溶液中,再采用水热法,制备得到rGO@CuS复合物。改变氧化石墨烯的投入量,制备出石墨烯含量不同的rGO@CuS复合物;2)采用溶液浸渍法,将rGO@CuS载体材料分散于配制好的含有相变芯材的溶液中,利用石墨烯的超大比表面积吸附有机相变材料,在高于相变温度下,干燥得到复合相变材料。
具体制备步骤为:
(1)rGO@CuS载体材料的制备:
将一定量的氧化石墨烯分散于乙二醇溶液中(两者的体积比范围为:氧化石墨烯/乙二醇=0.5-2.5mg/mL),超声分散0.5-3h,而后在室温与搅拌条件下缓慢加入Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O和硫脲(其中Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O和硫脲的摩尔比例范围为0.04-0.06)至上述溶液中;以800-1200rpm的速率搅拌30-60min后,将混合物转移到特氟隆内衬不锈钢高压反应釜中,在180-200℃下保持12-24h;待自然冷却到室温,使用乙醇溶液过滤洗涤,并去除未反应的反应物杂质;最后将得到的混合物在烘箱80-120℃放置12-72h,获得rGO@CuS载体材料;
(2)复合相变材料的制备:
将步骤(1)制备的rGO@CuS载体材料于40-200℃下抽真空2-10h,除去载体材料中的有机客体分子;再将真空处理后的载体材料分散于一定体积的含有相变材料的有机溶剂中,于40-80℃搅拌1-4h,获得均一溶液;然后将溶液置于干燥箱中,于40-120℃干燥24-72h,得到复合相变材料;相变材料和rGO@CuS载体材料的质量比为1-100:1-100。
所述的相变材料包括:多元醇类,具体包括聚乙二醇(平均分子量为1000-20000),季戊四醇、新戊二醇等;脂肪酸类,具体包括是十八酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、癸酸、月桂酸、十五烷酸、癸二酸等;石蜡类,具体包括石蜡58等。相变芯材的选择为以上所述相变材料中的一种或几种。
所述的有机溶剂包括:乙醇、甲醇、二氯甲烷、正己烷等中的一种或几种。
本发明的优点在于:1)开发一种新型兼具光热转化与优异热传输能力的复合相变材料;2)所制备复合相变材料,具有能够有效防止芯材泄露等优势;3)用本发明提供的方法制备的复合相变材料储能密度大、循环稳定性好、工艺简单、适合规模化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施案例1得到的25rGO@CuS载体材料的透射电镜照片。
图2为本发明实施案例1得到的70wt%SA/25rGO@CuS复合相变材料的X射线衍射谱图。
图3为本发明实施案例1得到的70wt%SA/25rGO@CuS复合相变材料的光热转化曲线图,显示的是70wt%SA/25rGO@CuS与纯SA的光热转换曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施方式对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明。
实施案例1
(1)将25mg氧化石墨烯分散于25mL乙二醇溶液中,超声分散1h,而后在室温与搅拌条件下缓慢加入Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O(99.83mg)和TU(硫脲,0.114g)至上述溶液中。以1000rpm的搅拌速率搅拌30min后,混合物转移到特氟隆内衬不锈钢高压反应釜中,在180℃下保持12h。待自然冷却到室温,使用乙醇溶液过滤洗涤,并去除未反应的反应物等杂质。最后将得到的混合物在烘箱80℃放置12h,获得rGO@CuS载体材料。样品标记为25rGO@CuS。
(2)将步骤(1)制备的载体材料于80℃下抽真空4h,除去载体材料中的有机客体分子;再将真空处理后的载体材料(0.3g)分散于30mL的含有十八酸(SA,0.7g)的乙醇中,于80℃搅拌4h,获得均一溶液;然后将溶液置于干燥箱中,于80℃干燥24h,得到复合相变材料。样品标记为70wt%SA/25rGO@CuS。
实施案例2
(1)将25mg氧化石墨烯分散于50mL乙二醇溶液中,超声分散1h,而后在室温与搅拌条件下缓慢加入Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O(99.83mg)和TU(硫脲,0.114g)至上述溶液中。以1200rpm的搅拌速率搅拌30min后,混合物转移到特氟隆内衬不锈钢高压反应釜中,在180℃下保持12h。待自然冷却到室温,使用乙醇溶液过滤洗涤,并去除未反应的反应物等杂质。最后将得到的混合物在烘箱80℃放置12h,获得rGO@CuS载体材料。样品标记为25rGO@CuS。
(2)将步骤(1)制备的25rGO@CuS载体材料于80℃下抽真空4h,除去载体材料中的有机客体分子;再将真空处理后的载体材料(0.2g)分散于30mL的含有聚乙二醇(PEG2000,0.8g)的乙醇中,于80℃搅拌4h,获得均一溶液;然后将溶液置于干燥箱中,于80℃干燥24h,得到复合相变材料。样品标记为80wt%PEG2000/25rGO@CuS。
实施案例3
(1)将35mg氧化石墨烯分散于17.5mL乙二醇溶液中,超声分散1h,而后在室温与搅拌条件下缓慢加入Cu(CH3COO)2H2O(99.83mg)和TU(硫脲,0.114g)至上述溶液中。以1000rpm的搅拌速率搅拌30min后,混合物转移到特氟隆内衬不锈钢高压反应釜中,在180℃下保持12h。待自然冷却到室温,使用乙醇溶液过滤洗涤,并去除未反应的反应物等杂质。最后将得到的混合物在烘箱80℃放置12h,获得rGO@CuS载体材料。样品标记为35rGO@CuS。
(2)将步骤(1)制备的35rGO@CuS载体材料于80℃下抽真空4h,除去载体材料中的有机客体分子;再将真空处理后的载体材料(0.4g)分散于20mL的含有石蜡58(0.6g)的正己烷中,于60℃搅拌4h,获得均一溶液;然后将溶液置于干燥箱中,于60℃干燥36h,得到复合相变材料。样品标记为80wt%石蜡/35rGO@CuS。
Claims (7)
1.一种纳米粒子掺杂型光热转化复合相变材料的制备方法,其特征在于1)将氧化石墨烯粉末超声分散至乙二醇溶液中,将Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O和硫脲缓慢加入至上述溶液中,再采用水热法,制备得到rGO@CuS载体材料,所述水热法包括将醋酸铜和硫脲的混合物转移到特氟隆内衬不锈钢高压反应釜中,在180-200 ℃下保持12-24 h;通过改变氧化石墨烯的投入量,制备出石墨烯含量不同的rGO@CuS载体材料;2)采用溶液浸渍法,将rGO@CuS载体材料分散于配制好的含有相变材料的溶液中,利用石墨烯的超大比表面积吸附有机相变材料,在高于相变温度下,干燥得到复合相变材料。
2.如权利要求1所述纳米粒子掺杂型光热转化复合相变材料的制备方法,其特征在于具体制备步骤为:
(1)rGO@CuS载体材料的制备:
将一定量的氧化石墨烯分散于乙二醇溶液中,所述氧化石墨烯的浓度范围为0.5-2.5mg/mL,超声分散0.5-3 h,而后在室温与搅拌条件下缓慢加入Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O和硫脲至上述溶液中,其中Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O和硫脲的摩尔比例范围为0.04-0.06;以800-1200 rpm的速率搅拌30-60 min后,将混合物转移到特氟隆内衬不锈钢高压反应釜中,在180-200 ℃下保持12-24 h;待自然冷却到室温,使用乙醇溶液过滤洗涤,并去除未反应的反应物杂质;最后将得到的混合物在烘箱80-120 ℃放置12-72 h,获得rGO@CuS载体材料;
(2)复合相变材料的制备:
将步骤(1)制备的rGO@CuS载体材料于40-200 ℃下抽真空2-10 h,除去载体材料中的有机客体分子;再将真空处理后的载体材料分散于一定体积的含有相变材料的有机溶剂中,于40-80 ℃搅拌1-4 h,获得均一溶液;然后将溶液置于干燥箱中,于40-120 ℃干燥24-72 h,得到复合相变材料;相变材料和rGO@CuS载体材料的质量比为1-100:1-100。
3.如权利要求1或2所述纳米粒子掺杂型光热转化复合相变材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述的相变材料包括多元醇类、脂肪酸类、石蜡类中的一种或几种。
4.如权利要求3所述纳米粒子掺杂型光热转化复合相变材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述多元醇类包括平均分子量为1000-20000的聚乙二醇、季戊四醇、新戊二醇。
5.如权利要求3所述纳米粒子掺杂型光热转化复合相变材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述脂肪酸类包括十八酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、癸酸、月桂酸、十五烷酸、癸二酸。
6.如权利要求3所述纳米粒子掺杂型光热转化复合相变材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述石蜡类包括石蜡58。
7.如权利要求1或2所述纳米粒子掺杂型光热转化复合相变材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述的有机溶剂包括:乙醇、甲醇、二氯甲烷、正己烷中的一种或几种。
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