CN110437259B - 头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110437259B
CN110437259B CN201910747737.2A CN201910747737A CN110437259B CN 110437259 B CN110437259 B CN 110437259B CN 201910747737 A CN201910747737 A CN 201910747737A CN 110437259 B CN110437259 B CN 110437259B
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naringenin
cefpodoxime proxetil
amorphous substance
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cefpodoxime
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张建军
杨博源
崔丹
高缘
钱帅
魏元锋
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China Pharmaceutical University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物,该共无定形物是不同于头孢泊肟酯、柚皮素及其物理混合物的一种无定形态,与头孢泊肟酯、柚皮素及其物理混合物的熔点、粉末X射线衍射图谱、DSC谱图、红外光谱均不同。使用Cu‑Kα辐射,以2θ表示的粉末X射线衍射图谱中没有尖锐的晶体衍射峰,头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的玻璃化转变温度为67.2℃。该共无定形物可显著掩盖头孢泊肟酯药物苦味,并改善其可压性,具有潜在的协同药理作用,有良好的开发前景。

Description

头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术,具体涉及一种头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素结合形成的头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物及其制备方法。
背景技术
柚皮素(Naringenin)作为一种自然界中分布广泛的黄酮类化合物,富含于水果、蔬菜、坚果、茶等日常饮食中,也是桑黄、冬青等中药的有效成分之一。化学名称为4',5,7-三羟基二氢黄酮(化学结构如下式 ),具有抗菌消炎、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等药理活性。
Figure BDA0002166148950000011
头孢泊肟酯(Cefpodoxime proxetil),化学名称为(6R,7R)-7-[2-(2-氨基噻唑-4-基)-2-(Z)-(甲氧亚氨基)-乙酰胺基]-3-甲氧甲基-8-氧代-5-硫-1-氮杂双环-[4,2,0]辛-2-烯-2-甲酸异丙氧羰氧乙基酯,化学结构如下式 。头孢泊肟酯属于第三代头孢菌素类抗生素是头孢泊肟(Cefpodoxime acid)的前体药物,本身不具有抗菌活性,口服给药后通过胃肠道吸收,经肠壁或血浆中的非特异性酯酶水解转化为具有抗菌活性的头孢泊肟。
Figure BDA0002166148950000012
相比于其他第三代头孢菌素,头孢泊肟酯对革兰氏阳性菌(如链球菌、葡萄球菌等)有一定的抑制作用,同时对一些革兰氏阴性菌(如大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、流感嗜血杆菌等)的抗菌作用比第一、二代更强。由于头孢泊肟酯具有广谱抗菌和较低不良反应的特性,使其成为治疗儿童急性上呼吸道感染、下呼吸道感染以及腹腔感染等疾病的优良选择,但因为头孢泊肟酯味苦,服药顺应性差,容易使儿童产生很强的抗药心理。同时,头孢泊肟酯水溶性差,呈微碱性,可压性差。
发明内容
发明目的:针对上述现有技术存在的技术问题,本申请提供了一种头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物及其制备方法,该共无定形物能显著掩盖头孢泊肟酯药物苦味,并改善其可压性,将头孢泊肟酯和柚皮素制备成共无定形物还具有潜在的协同药理作用,有良好的开发前景。
技术方案:本发明所述的一种头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物,其由头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素结合形成,使用Cu-Kα辐射,以2θ表示的粉末X射线衍射图谱中均没有尖锐的晶体衍射峰;用溴化钾压片测定得到的红外吸收光谱在3356.1、2985.8、2939.5、2827.6、1759.1、1639.5、 1519.9、1462.0、1373.3、1342.5、1273.0、1219.0、1161.1、1084.0、1072.4、1037.7、979.8、 902.7、887.3、864.1、833.2、740.7、613.4、559.4、528.5、509.2、489.9、459.1、439.8、424.3 cm-1处有吸收峰;其DSC玻璃化转变温度为67.2℃。
其中,所述头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素按摩尔比1:1结合。
上述头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将头孢泊肟酯和柚皮素溶解于有机溶剂中,得到澄清透明的溶液;
(2)旋转蒸发步骤(1)中所述澄清透明的溶液除去溶剂,得相应固体产物;
(3)将步骤(2)所得固体产物经真空干燥去除残留溶剂,即得头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物。
优选地,步骤(1)所述有机溶剂可以是甲醇、乙醇、乙腈或混合溶剂,优选甲醇、乙醇或它们的混合溶剂。所述头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素按摩尔比1:1结合。
优选地,步骤(2)所述旋转蒸发通常在35-65℃下进行,优选温度为40-50℃。
我们经研究发现,将头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素形成共无定形物,不仅可压性较原头孢泊肟酯原料药有显著的提高,其苦味也得到了显著的改善。药物共无定形是指活性药物成分与其他可接受的小分子配体通过氢键等非共价键、离子键而形成的具有单一玻璃化转变温度的单相无定形二元体系。药物共无定形可以使得活性药物与其配体两者在分子水平上形成了分子间互嵌,屏蔽了一些苦味基团,从而达到掩味效果。
有益效果:(1)本发明中公开的头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物与头孢泊肟酯、柚皮素及其物理混合物的粉末X射线衍射图谱、DSC谱图、红外光谱均不同,因此所述的固体形态是一种完全不同于各单体及其物理混合物的形态。(2)本发明将头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素制备成共无定形物,能显著掩盖头孢泊肟酯药物苦味,并改善其可压性,将头孢泊肟酯和柚皮素制备成共无定形物还具有潜在的协同药理作用,有良好的开发前景。
附图说明
图1是头孢泊肟酯的粉末X射线衍射图;
图2是柚皮素晶体的粉末X射线衍射图;
图3是头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素晶体物理混合物的粉末X射线衍射图;
图4是头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的粉末X射线衍射图;
图5是头孢泊肟酯的DSC图;
图6是柚皮素晶体的DSC图;
图7是头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素晶体物理混合物的DSC图;
图8是头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的DSC图;
图9是头孢泊肟酯的红外光谱图;
图10是柚皮素晶体的红外光谱图;
图11是头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素晶体物理混合物的红外光谱图;
图12是头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的红外光谱图;
图13是头孢泊肟酯、柚皮素晶体、头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素晶体的物理混合物、头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的抗张强度-压力曲线对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步阐述。
实施例1:头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的制备
分别称取约0.40g头孢泊肟酯粉末、0.20g柚皮素晶体置于同一100mL茄形瓶中,加入约50mL甲醇,充分振摇得澄清透明溶液。将此溶液置于旋转蒸发仪上,水浴温度设置为50℃,减压旋转蒸发除去甲醇,得相应固体产物。将其置于真空干燥箱内干燥24h,以除去旋蒸产物中的残留溶剂。
实施例2:头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的制备
分别称取约0.40g头孢泊肟酯粉末、0.20g柚皮素晶体置于同一100mL茄形瓶中,加入约50mL乙醇,充分振摇得澄清透明溶液。将此溶液置于旋转蒸发仪上,水浴温度设为35℃,减压旋转蒸发除去乙醇,得相应固体产物。将其置于真空干燥箱内干燥24h,以除去旋蒸产物中的残留溶剂。
实施例3:头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的制备
分别称取约0.40g头孢泊肟酯粉末、0.20g柚皮素晶体置于同一100mL茄形瓶中,加入约80mL乙腈,充分振摇得澄清透明溶液。将此溶液置于旋转蒸发仪上,水浴温度设为65℃,减压旋转蒸发除去乙腈,得相应固体产物。将其置于真空干燥箱内干燥24h,以除去旋蒸产物中的残留溶剂。
实施例4:头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的制备
分别称取约0.40g头孢泊肟酯粉末、0.20g柚皮素晶体置于同一100mL茄形瓶中,加入约50mL甲醇-乙醇(1:1,v/v)混合溶剂中,充分振摇得澄清透明溶液。将此溶液置于旋转蒸发仪上,水浴温度设为40℃,减压旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂,得相应固体产物。将其置于真空干燥箱内干燥24h,以除去旋蒸产物中的残留溶剂。
测试例1
对实施例1~4的原料及制得的头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物进行检测,具体如下:
1、粉末X射线衍射
仪器:D8 Advance X射线衍射仪(Bruker,Germany)
靶:Cu-Kα辐射
波长:
Figure BDA0002166148950000041
管压:40KV
管流:50mA
步长:0.02°
扫描速度:4°/min
扫描范围:2θ=5-40o
测定结果:头孢泊肟酯、柚皮素晶体、头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素晶体物理混合物、头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的粉末X射线衍射图分别如图1~4所示。由图4可知,头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的粉末X射线衍射图谱中无任何尖锐的晶体衍射峰,呈现为弥散状衍射环。
2、差示扫描量热法(DSC)
仪器:Netzsch DSC 204 F1 Phoenix差示扫描热分析仪(Netzsch,Germany)
范围:30-350℃。
升温速度:10℃/min
测定结果:头孢泊肟酯、柚皮素晶体、头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素晶体物理混合物、头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的DSC图分别如图5~8所示。由图8可知,头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的玻璃化转变温度在67.2℃。
3、红外光谱
仪器:Nicolet Impact 410型红外光谱仪(Thermo Fisher Scientific,USA)
范围:4000-400cm-1
测定结果:头孢泊肟酯、柚皮素晶体、头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素晶体物理混合物、头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的红外光谱图分别如图9~12所示。由图12可知,头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物溴化钾压片的红外光谱波数(cm-1)为:3356.1、2985.8、2939.5、2827.6、1759.1、1639.5、 1519.9、1462.0、1373.3、1342.5、1273.0、1219.0、1161.1、1084.0、1072.4、1037.7、979.8、902.7、887.3、864.1、833.2、740.7、613.4、559.4、528.5、509.2、489.9、459.1、439.8、424.3。
测试例2
对所制得的头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物进行可压性及口感评价,并于原料药对比,具体如下:
1、可压性
精密称取200mg的柚皮素晶体、头孢泊肟酯、头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物、头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素晶体物理混合物,分别用液压压片仪在1、1.5、2、2.5、3、3.5、4、5 T压力下压制,压制时间20s,放置24h后,使用螺旋测微仪精密测量药片的厚度和直径;使用硬度仪测量药片的径向破坏力,计算其抗张强度,绘制抗张强度-压力曲线,结果如图13所示。
结果表明:与头孢泊肟酯原料药及其与柚皮素的物理混合物相比,头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物在相同外界压力下的硬度和抗张强度明显增高,可压性显著改善。
2、口感评价
称取适量头孢泊肟酯、头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素晶体物理混合物、头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物(以头孢泊肟酯计约30mg)置于烧杯中,加入50mL饮用水,搅拌1min使分散均匀。采取单盲法,15位志愿者口含溶液并保持15s,吐出溶液后连续漱口至口腔内无苦味,按照苦度给出相应分值(见表1),15min后测定下一份样品,最后按照苦度给三份样品打分统计,结果见表2。
表1苦度与分值对应表
Figure BDA0002166148950000051
表2口感评价结果(n=15)
Figure BDA0002166148950000052
结果表明:头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的口感显著优于头孢泊肟酯原料药及与柚皮素的物理混合物。

Claims (6)

1.一种头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物,其特征在于,其由头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素结合形成,使用Cu-Kα辐射,以2θ表示的粉末X射线衍射光谱均没有尖锐的晶体衍射峰;用溴化钾压片测定得到的红外吸收光谱在3356.1、2985.8、2939.5、2827.6、1759.1、1639.5、1519.9、1462.0、1373.3、1342.5、1273.0、1219.0、1161.1、1084.0、1072.4、1037.7、979.8、902.7、887.3、864.1、833.2、740.7、613.4、559.4、528.5、509.2、489.9、459.1、439.8、424.3cm-1处有吸收峰;其DSC玻璃化转变温度为67.2℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物,其特征在于,所述头孢泊肟酯与柚皮素按摩尔比1:1结合。
3.权利要求1或2所述一种头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将头孢泊肟酯和柚皮素溶解于有机溶剂中,得到澄清透明的溶液;
(2)旋转蒸发步骤(1)中所述澄清透明的溶液除去溶剂,得相应固体产物;
(3)将步骤(2)所得固体产物经真空干燥去除残留溶剂,即得头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物。
4.根据权利要求3中所述的一种头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述有机溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、乙腈中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求3中所述的一种头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述有机溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇或它们的混合溶剂。
6.根据权利要求3中所述的一种头孢泊肟酯柚皮素共无定形物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述旋转蒸发在35-65℃下进行。
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