CN110435409B - 混合动力变速器和混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

混合动力变速器和混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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CN110435409B
CN110435409B CN201810413632.9A CN201810413632A CN110435409B CN 110435409 B CN110435409 B CN 110435409B CN 201810413632 A CN201810413632 A CN 201810413632A CN 110435409 B CN110435409 B CN 110435409B
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gear
synchronizer
gearwheel
output shaft
shaft
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CN110435409A (zh
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夏晓坤
李至浩
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/091—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4816—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox internal shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • B60K2006/4841—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range the gear provides shifting between multiple ratios
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于混合动力车辆的混合动力变速器和混合动力车辆，其中混合动力变速器包括：输入轴、中间轴和输出轴，以及分别布置在各自的、相互平行的齿轮平面内的第一齿轮组、第二齿轮组、第三齿轮组和第四齿轮组，每个齿轮组具有多个相互啮合的齿轮。根据本发明的技术方案，在不同组的齿轮之间布置有四个同步器，并借助这四个同步器能够实现八个前进挡位的变化。

Description

混合动力变速器和混合动力车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的混合动力变速器，其包括：输入轴、中间轴和输出轴，以及分别布置在各自的、相互平行的齿轮平面内的第一齿轮组、第二齿轮组、第三齿轮组和第四齿轮组，在齿轮组之间布置有多个同步器，以实现不同挡位的切换。此外，本发明还涉及一种具有这样的混合动力变速器的混合动力车辆。
背景技术
混合动力变速器是混合动力车辆的重要部件，能够实现在不同驱动模式之间的切换，以适应不同的路面情况和驾驶要求。
由WO 2017/092757已知一种混合动力变速器，它能够实现在P2.5模式和P3模式之间的切换。在这个发明中公开了两种结构(6速变速器和8速变速器)，这两种结构都能够进行电动机启动和使用电动倒挡齿轮。只借助一个同步器，就能够切换到P3模式，电动机直接向车轮输出扭矩。
这种混合动力变速器的缺点在于，在6速变速器结构中设置了四个同步器，在8速变速器结构中设置了五个同步器，在相同的挡位数量下使用了较多的同步器，因此会增加额外成本并使得控制系统更加复杂。由于没有设置机械倒挡齿轮，因此在没有动力和电动机失效的情况下会产生危险。
发明内容
因此，本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种改进的用于混合动力车辆的混合动力变速器，其结构更加简单并且能够克服上述现有技术中的缺点。
所述的技术问题根据本发明被一种用于混合动力车辆的混合动力变速器所解决，所述混合动力变速器包括：输入轴、中间轴和输出轴，以及分别布置在各自的、相互平行的齿轮平面内的第一齿轮组、第二齿轮组、第三齿轮组和第四齿轮组，根据本发明的技术方案，第一齿轮组具有被空套地布置在中间轴上的第一齿轮和与第一齿轮啮合的、被空套地布置在输出轴上的第二齿轮；第二齿轮组具有被抗扭地布置在输入轴上的第三齿轮、与第三齿轮啮合并被空套地布置在中间轴上的第四齿轮以及被空套地布置在输出轴上的第五齿轮；第三齿轮组具有被空套地布置在输入轴上的第六齿轮，与第六齿轮啮合并被抗扭地布置在中间轴上的第七齿轮和与第七齿轮啮合并被空套地布置在输出轴上的第八齿轮；第四齿轮组具有被空套地布置在输入轴上的第九齿轮，与第九齿轮啮合并被抗扭地布置在中间轴上的第十齿轮和与第十齿轮啮合并被空套地布置在输出轴上的第十一齿轮，其中，在输入轴上在第六齿轮和第九齿轮之间设置第一同步器，在中间轴上在第一齿轮和第四齿轮之间设置第二同步器，在输出轴上在第二齿轮和第五齿轮之间设置第三同步器，在输出轴上在第八齿轮和第十一齿轮之间布置第四同步器，在两个齿轮之间布置的同步器都具有三个挡位，可以可选地与左边的齿轮抗扭连接或者与右边的齿轮抗扭连接或者处于空挡。因此利用根据本发明的混合动力变速器，可以只借助四个同步器的挡位变化实现八个挡位的变速功能，与现有技术相比在实现同样八个挡位的前提下，简化了整体结构并降低了成本。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式，混合动力车辆还具有内燃机和离合器，尤其是单离合器，其中，内燃机通过离合器将扭矩传递给混合动力变速器的输入轴。另外有利的是，混合动力变速器的输入轴、中间轴和输出轴被相互平行地布置，从而大大节省了结构空间。此外优选的是，混合动力车辆还具有电机，其中，电机的输出轴与第三齿轮抗扭连接，从而实现混合动力车辆的混合动力驱动模式以及纯电动驱动模式。
根据本发明的另外的优选实施方式，在第四齿轮和第五齿轮之间安置倒挡齿轮，并且该倒挡齿轮与第四齿轮和第五齿轮啮合，从而实现了能够利用倒挡齿轮，即借助第二齿轮组实现倒挡功能。区别于现有技术利用电机驱动车轮实现倒挡，根据本发明的混合动力车辆即使在电机低电或者无法工作的情况下依然能够利用内燃机驱动倒挡齿轮实现倒车。
所述技术问题还能够通过一种混合动力车辆所解决，该混合动力车辆包括具有上述特征的混合动力变速器。
附图说明
下面结合附图来进一步阐述根据本发明的优选实施例。
附图为：
图1示出根据本发明的混合动力变速器的简易结构图，
图2示出根据本发明的混合动力变速器的各个挡位与内燃机、电机、离合器的开关以及同步器的位置之间的关系图表。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的混合动力车辆的简易布局图，该混合动力车辆具有：内燃机1，离合器2，电机3和混合动力变速器。该混合动力变速器具有输入轴4、中间轴5和输出轴6，其中，输入轴4、中间5和输出轴6相互平行布置，并且能够位于同一平面内或者构成一个三角形。输入轴4与离合器2的输出轴抗扭连接。
根据本发明设计的混合动力车辆具有第一齿轮组7，第二齿轮组8，第三齿轮组9和第四齿轮组10。
第一齿轮组7具有被空套地布置在中间轴5上的第一齿轮7.5和与第一齿轮啮合的、被空套地布置在输出轴6上的第二齿轮7.6；第二齿轮组8具有被抗扭地布置在输入轴4上的第三齿轮8.4、与第三齿轮啮合并被空套地布置在中间轴5上的第四齿轮8.5以及被空套地布置在输出轴6上的第五齿轮8.6；第三齿轮组9具有被空套地布置在输入轴4上的第六齿轮9.4，与第六齿轮啮合并被抗扭地布置在中间轴5上的第七齿轮9.5和与第七齿轮9.5啮合并被空套地布置在输出轴6上的第八齿轮9.6；第四齿轮组10具有被空套地布置在输入轴4上的第九齿轮10.4，与第九齿轮啮合并被抗扭地布置在中间轴5上的第十齿轮10.5和与第十齿轮啮合并被空套地布置在输出轴6上的第十一齿轮10.6。
在输入轴4上在第六齿轮9.4和第九齿轮10.4之间设置第一同步器A，在中间轴5上在第一齿轮7.5和第四齿轮8.5之间设置第二同步器B，在输出轴6上在第二齿轮7.6和第五齿轮8.6之间设置第三同步器C，在输出轴6上在第八齿轮9.6和第十一齿轮10.6之间布置第四同步器D。
在第四齿轮8.5和第五齿轮8.6之间安置倒挡齿轮8.rev，并且倒挡齿轮8.rev与第四齿轮8.5和第五齿轮8.6啮合，从而形成了机械倒挡，可以利用内燃机扭矩实现倒挡功能。
该混合动力变速器具有内燃机驱动模式，混合驱动模式，纯电动驱动模式，启动内燃机模式，回收能量模式。附图2示出了该混合动力变速器的各个挡位与内燃机、电机、离合器的开关以及同步器的位置之间的关系。
在混合动力变速器的纯内燃机驱动模式下，可以实现八个前进挡位和一个倒车挡位的变化，分别是：
ICE1，纯内燃机驱动的第一挡位：离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于右挡位R，同步器B处于空挡N，同步器C处于空挡N，同步器D处于左挡位L。扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→同步器A→齿轮10.4→齿轮10.5→中间轴5→齿轮9.5→齿轮9.6→同步器D→输出轴6。
ICE2，纯内燃机驱动的第二挡位：离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于右挡位R，同步器B处于空挡N，同步器C处于空挡N，同步器D处于右挡位R。扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→同步器A→齿轮10.4→齿轮10.5→齿轮10.6→同步器D→输出轴6。
ICE3，纯内燃机驱动的第三挡位：离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于右挡位R，同步器B处于左挡位L，同步器C处于左挡位L，同步器D处于空挡位N，扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→同步器A→齿轮10.4→齿轮10.5→中间轴5→同步器B→齿轮7.5→齿轮7.6→同步器C→输出轴6。
ICE4，纯内燃机驱动的第四挡位：离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于空挡位N，同步器B处于右挡位R，同步器C处于空挡N，同步器D处于左挡位L，扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→齿轮8.4→齿轮8.5→中间轴5→齿轮9.5→齿轮9.6→同步器D→输出轴6。
ICE5，纯内燃机驱动的第五挡位：离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于左挡位L，同步器B处于空挡N，同步器C处于空挡N，同步器D处于左挡位L，扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→同步器A→齿轮9.4→齿轮9.5→齿轮9.6→同步器D→输出轴6。
ICE6，纯内燃机驱动的第六挡位：离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于左挡位L，同步器B处于空挡N，同步器C处于空挡N，同步器D处于右挡位R，扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→同步器A→齿轮9.4→齿轮9.5→中间轴5→齿轮10.5→齿轮10.6→同步器D→输出轴6。
ICE7，纯内燃机驱动的第七挡位：离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于左挡位L，同步器B处于左挡位L，同步器C处于左挡位L，同步器D处于空挡位N，扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→同步器A→齿轮9.4→齿轮9.5→中间轴5→齿轮7.5→齿轮7.6→同步器C→输出轴6。
ICE8，纯内燃机驱动的第八挡位：离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于空挡位N，同步器B处于右挡位R，同步器C处于空挡N，同步器D处于右挡位R，扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→齿轮8.4→齿轮8.5→同步器B→中间轴5→齿轮10.5→齿轮10.6→同步器D→输出轴6。
ICE REV，内燃机驱动的倒挡挡位，第二传动级8能够通过机械齿轮实现倒挡功能，其中，离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于空挡位N，同步器B处于右挡位R，同步器C处于右挡位R，同步器D处于空挡位N，扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→齿轮8.4→齿轮8.5→倒挡齿轮8.R→齿轮8.6→同步器C→输出轴6。
在混合动力变速器的混合动力驱动模式下，也可以实现八个挡位的变化，分别是：
Hybrid:EM+ICE1，混合动力驱动的第一挡位：离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于右挡位R，同步器B处于空挡N，同步器C处于左挡位L，同步器D处于左挡位L。内燃机扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→同步器A→齿轮10.4→齿轮10.5→中间轴5→齿轮9.5→齿轮9.6→同步器D→输出轴6；电机扭矩：电机3→齿轮7.6→同步器C→输出轴6。
Hybrid:EM+ICE2，混合动力驱动的第二挡位：离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于右挡位R，同步器B处于空挡N，同步器C处于左挡位L，同步器D处于右挡位R。扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→同步器A→齿轮10.4→齿轮10.5→齿轮10.6→同步器D→输出轴6；电机扭矩：电机3→齿轮7.6→同步器C→输出轴6。
Hybrid:EM+ICE3，混合动力驱动的第三挡位：离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于右挡位R，同步器B处于左挡位L，同步器C处于左挡位L，同步器D处于空挡位N，扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→同步器A→齿轮10.4→齿轮10.5→中间轴5→同步器B→齿轮7.5→齿轮7.6→同步器C→输出轴6；电机扭矩：电机3→齿轮7.6→同步器C→输出轴6。
Hybrid:EM+ICE4，混合动力驱动的第四挡位：离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于空挡位N，同步器B处于右挡位R，同步器C处于左挡位L，同步器D处于左挡位L，扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→齿轮8.4→齿轮8.5→中间轴5→齿轮9.5→齿轮9.6→同步器D→输出轴6；电机扭矩：电机3→齿轮7.6→同步器C→输出轴6。
Hybrid:EM+ICE5，混合动力驱动的第五挡位：离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于左挡位L，同步器B处于空挡N，同步器C处于左挡位L，同步器D处于左挡位L，扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→同步器A→齿轮9.4→齿轮9.5→齿轮9.6→同步器D→输出轴6；电机扭矩：电机3→齿轮7.6→同步器C→输出轴6。
Hybrid:EM+ICE6，混合动力驱动的第六挡位：离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于左挡位L，同步器B处于空挡N，同步器C处于左挡位L，同步器D处于右挡位R，扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→同步器A→齿轮9.4→齿轮9.5→中间轴5→齿轮10.5→齿轮10.6→同步器D→输出轴6；电机扭矩：电机3→齿轮7.6→同步器C→输出轴6。
Hybrid:EM+ICE7，混合动力驱动的第七挡位：离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于左挡位L，同步器B处于左挡位L，同步器C处于左挡位L，同步器D处于空挡位N，扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→同步器A→齿轮9.4→齿轮9.5→中间轴5→齿轮7.5→齿轮7.6→同步器C→输出轴6；电机扭矩：电机3→齿轮7.6→同步器C→输出轴6。
Hybrid:EM+ICE8，混合动力驱动的第八挡位：离合器2被闭合，同步器A处于空挡位N，同步器B处于右挡位R，同步器C处于空挡N，同步器D处于右挡位R，扭矩流动的方向是：内燃机1→离合器2→输入轴4→齿轮8.4→齿轮8.5→同步器B→中间轴5→齿轮10.5→齿轮10.6→同步器D→输出轴6；电机扭矩：电机3→齿轮7.6→同步器C→输出轴6。
此外，根据本发明的混合动力变速器还能够在纯电机驱动模式下实现至少三个挡位的变化，分别是：
EM1，纯电机驱动的第一挡位：离合器2断开，同步器A处于空挡位N，同步器B处于左挡位L，同步器C处于空挡位N，同步器D处于左挡位L，电机扭矩流动的方向是：电机3→齿轮7.6→齿轮7.5→同步器B→中间轴5→齿轮9.5→齿轮9.6→同步器D→输出轴6。
EM2，纯电机驱动的第二挡位：离合器2断开，同步器A处于空挡位N，同步器B处于左挡位L，同步器C处于空挡位N，同步器D处于右挡位R，电机扭矩流动的方向是：电机3→齿轮7.6→齿轮7.5→同步器B→中间轴5→齿轮10.5→齿轮10.6→同步器D→输出轴6。
EM3，纯电机驱动的第三挡位：离合器2断开，同步器A处于空挡位N，同步器B处于空挡位N，同步器C处于左挡位L，同步器D处于空挡位N，电机扭矩流动的方向是：电机3→齿轮7.6→同步器C→输出轴6。
虽然在上述说明中示例性地描述了可能的实施例，但是应该理解到，仍然通过所有已知的和此外技术人员容易想到的技术特征和实施方式的组合存在大量实施例的变化。此外还应该理解到，示例性的实施方式仅仅作为一个例子，这种实施例绝不以任何形式限制本发明的保护范围、应用和构造。通过前述说明更多地是向技术人员提供一种用于转化至少一个示例性实施方式的技术指导，其中，只要不脱离权利要求书的保护范围，便可以进行各种改变，尤其是关于所述部件的功能和结构方面的改变。
附图标记列表
1 内燃机
2 离合器
3 电机
4 输入轴
5 中间轴
6 输入轴
7 第一齿轮组
7.5 第一齿轮
7.6 第二齿轮
8 第二齿轮组
8.4 第三齿轮
8.5 第四齿轮
8.6 第五齿轮
8.rev 倒挡齿轮
9 第三齿轮组
9.4 第六齿轮
9.5 第七齿轮
9.6 第八齿轮
10 第四齿轮组
10.4 第九齿轮
10.5 第十齿轮
10.6 第十一齿轮
A 第一同步器
B 第二同步器
C 第三同步器
D 第四同步器

Claims (4)

1.一种用于混合动力车辆的混合动力变速器，包括：输入轴(4)、中间轴(5)和输出轴(6)，以及分别布置在各自的、相互平行的齿轮平面内的第一齿轮组(7)、第二齿轮组(8)、第三齿轮组(9)和第四齿轮组(10)，其特征在于，
所述第一齿轮组(7)具有被空套地布置在所述中间轴(5)上的第一齿轮(7.5)和与所述第一齿轮啮合的、被空套地布置在所述输出轴(6)上的第二齿轮(7.6)，
所述第二齿轮组(8)具有被抗扭地布置在所述输入轴(4)上的第三齿轮(8.4)、与所述第三齿轮啮合并被空套地布置在所述中间轴(5)上的第四齿轮(8.5)以及被空套地布置在所述输出轴(6)上的第五齿轮(8.6)，
所述第三齿轮组(9)具有被空套地布置在所述输入轴(4)上的第六齿轮(9.4)，与所述第六齿轮啮合并被抗扭地布置在所述中间轴(5)上的第七齿轮(9.5)和与所述第七齿轮啮合并被空套地布置在所述输出轴(6)上的第八齿轮(9.6)，
所述第四齿轮组(10)具有被空套地布置在所述输入轴(4)上的第九齿轮(10.4)，与所述第九齿轮啮合并被抗扭地布置在所述中间轴(5)上的第十齿轮(10.5)和与所述第十齿轮啮合并被空套地布置在所述输出轴(6)上的第十一齿轮(10.6)，
其中，在所述输入轴(4)上在所述第六齿轮(9.4)和所述第九齿轮(10.4)之间设置与所述输入轴(4)抗扭地连接的第一同步器(A)，在所述中间轴(5)上在所述第一齿轮(7.5)和所述第四齿轮(8.5)之间设置与所述中间轴(5)抗扭地连接的第二同步器(B)，在所述输出轴(6)上在所述第二齿轮(7.6)和所述第五齿轮(8.6)之间设置与所述输出轴(6)抗扭地连接的第三同步器(C)，在所述输出轴(6)上在所述第八齿轮(9.6)和所述第十一齿轮(10.6)之间布置与所述输出轴(6)抗扭地连接的第四同步器(D)；所述混合动力车辆还具有内燃机(1)、离合器(2)和电机(3)，其中，所述内燃机通过所述离合器(2)将扭矩传递给所述输入轴(4)；所述电机(3)的输出轴与所述第二齿轮(7.6)抗扭连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力变速器，其特征在于，所述输入轴(4)、所述中间轴(5)和所述输出轴(6)被相互平行地布置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力变速器，其特征在于，在所述第四齿轮(8.5)和所述第五齿轮(8.6)之间安置倒挡齿轮(8.rev)，并且所述倒挡齿轮(8.rev)与所述第四齿轮(8.5)和所述第五齿轮(8.6)啮合。
4.一种混合动力车辆，其特征在于，所述混合动力车辆具有根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的混合动力变速器。
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