CN104747664A - 车辆的混合变速器及其控制方法 - Google Patents

车辆的混合变速器及其控制方法 Download PDF

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CN104747664A
CN104747664A CN201410840837.7A CN201410840837A CN104747664A CN 104747664 A CN104747664 A CN 104747664A CN 201410840837 A CN201410840837 A CN 201410840837A CN 104747664 A CN104747664 A CN 104747664A
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gear
output shaft
hybrid transmission
synchronizer
input shaft
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朴民绪
崔镇旭
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Hyundai Transys Inc
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Hyundai Dymos Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/091—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/19—Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/091—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
    • F16H3/0915—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft with coaxial input and output shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H3/12—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with means for synchronisation not incorporated in the clutches
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    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0246—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by initiating reverse gearshift
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
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    • F16H2003/0822—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the arrangement of at least one reverse gear
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
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    • Y10S903/915—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev
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    • Y10T74/19014—Plural prime movers selectively coupled to common output

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
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  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及车辆的混合变速器及其控制方法。通过AMT和马达的结合实现的混合变速器，无需仅用于倒档的R档驱动齿轮、R档从动齿轮、R档套管及倒档惰轮等部件即可实现倒档，从而通过缩短变速器长度提高车辆的搭载性，而且，通过减少变速器所需部件数量简化结构，减少了重量，降低了变速器成本，提高了车辆的燃油效率。

Description

车辆的混合变速器及其控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆的混合变速器及其控制方法，尤其涉及不具备构成倒档的R档齿轮及倒档惰轮即可形成倒档的技术。
背景技术
图1为现有的利用同步啮合式变速原理的混合变速器示意图，其通过结合AMT(AUTOMATED MANUAL TRANSMISSION)和马达实现混合变速器，图2为将图1的变速器简略图式化的示意图。
在所述混合变速器中，所述马达M的转子连接于通过离合器获得引擎的动力的输入的输入轴IN以传递动力，所述输入轴IN和输出轴OUT以同心轴连接，副轴CS与所述输出轴OUT平行连接，从而通过副轴驱动齿轮501和副轴从动齿轮503从所述输入轴IN始终提供动力。
所述混合变速器包括前进一档至六档和倒车一档，利用1&2档同步装置1&2S选择具备于所述输出轴OUT的一档从动齿轮P1或二档从动齿轮P2而实现一档或二档，利用3&4档同步装置3&4S选择三档从动齿轮P3或四档从动齿轮P4而实现三档或四档，利用5&6档同步装置5&6S将输入轴IN直连接于所述输出轴OUT，则实现五档，而若将六档从动齿轮P6连接于输出轴OUT，则实现六档。
另外，倒档是利用具备于所述输出轴OUT的R档套管RS将R档从动齿轮PR连接于输出轴OUT，则来自所述副轴CS的R档驱动齿轮DR的动力通过倒档惰轮IDL逆转并传递至所述R档从动齿轮PR，从而使倒档输出引出至输出轴OUT。
如上所述结构运行的混合变速器在实现所述倒档时，由于需要在副轴CS上具备R档驱动齿轮DR，在另外的惰轮轴IDS上配置倒档惰轮IDL，且在输出轴OUT上具备R档从动齿轮PR和R档套管RS，因此，增加了变速器的长度，降低了车辆上的搭载性，而且，因变速器所需部件数量增加，结构变得复杂，增加了重量，提高了变速器的成本，从而给车辆的燃油效率带来负面影响。
所述对背景技术的说明只是帮助理解本发明的背景，但不可以认定为本领域技术人员公知的现有技术。
先行技术文献
【专利文献】
(专利文献0001)KR 1020130115618A
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术之不足而提供在通过AMT和马达的结合实现的混合变速器中，无需仅用于构成倒档的R档驱动齿轮、R档从动齿轮、R档套管及倒档惰轮等部件即可实现倒档，从而通过缩短变速器长度提高车辆的搭载性，而且，通过减少变速器所需部件数量简化结构，减少重量，降低变速器成本，提高车辆的燃油效率的车辆的混合变速器及其控制方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明的车辆的混合变速器，包括：
输入轴，其连接有马达并通过离合器获得引擎传递的动力；
输出轴，其设置为与所述输入轴形成同心轴并处于可相对旋转的状态；
副轴，其设置为从所述输入轴获得动力传递并平行于所述输出轴；
多个变速档齿轮对，其成对地外接于所述副轴和输出轴以形成一系列前进变速档；
多个同步装置，其构成为将形成所述变速档齿轮对的所述输出轴上的变速档齿轮和所述输出轴的同步并可进行连接及解除；
变速单元，其驱动所述多个同步装置；
离合器执行机构，其控制所述离合器；
控制器，其在根据驾驶者的倒档选择信号驱动所述离合器执行机构的同时，通过所述变速单元驱动所述同步装置，以将一档从动齿轮连接于所述输出轴，并使所述马达以与前进变速档驱动时相反的方向逆向旋转。
另外，为实现上述目的，本发明的车辆的混合变速器控制方法，包括：
倒档操作判断步骤，其判断驾驶者是否选择了倒档；
前进档连接步骤，若判定驾驶者选择了倒档，则通过变速单元驱动同步装置以将一档从动齿轮(或其他前进档从动齿轮)连接于输出轴；
马达逆向旋转步骤，当一档从动齿轮连接于输出轴时，则使所述马达以与前进变速档驱动时相反的方向逆向旋转，从而进行倒车。
本发明在通过AMT和马达的结合实现的混合变速器中，无需仅用于构成倒档的R档驱动齿轮、R档从动齿轮、R档套管及倒档惰轮等部件即可实现倒档，从而通过缩短变速器长度提高车辆的搭载性，而且，通过减少变速器所需部件数量简化结构，减少重量，降低变速器成本，提高车辆的燃油效率。
附图说明
图1为现有技术的混合变速器的结构示意图；
图2为将图1的变速器简略图式化的示意图；
图3为本发明的车辆的混合变速器的结构示意图；
图4为本发明的车辆的混合变速器控制方法实施例顺序图。
*附图标记*
M：马达                               IN：输入轴
OUT：输出轴                           CS：副轴
GSU：变速单元                         CL：离合器
CA：离合器执行机构                    CTL：控制器
CD：副轴驱动齿轮                      CP：副轴从动齿轮
1&2S：1&2档同步装置                   3&4S：3&4档同步装置
5&6S：5&6档同步装置                   D1：一档驱动齿轮
D2：二档驱动齿轮                      D3：三档驱动齿轮
D4：四档驱动齿轮                      D6：六档驱动齿轮
P1：一档从动齿轮                      P2：二档从动齿轮
P3：三档从动齿轮                      P4：四档从动齿轮
P6：六档从动齿轮                      S10：倒档操作判断步骤
S20：离合器解除步骤                   S30：前进档连接步骤
S40：马达逆向旋转步骤
具体实施方式
如图3所示，本发明的车辆的混合变速器，包括：输入轴IN，其连接有马达M并通过离合器获得引擎传递的动力；输出轴OUT，其设置为与所述输入轴IN形成同心轴并可相对旋转；副轴CS，其设置为从所述输入轴IN获得传递的动力并平行于所述输出轴OUT；多个变速档齿轮对，其成对地外接于所述副轴CS和输出轴OUT以形成一系列前进变速档；多个同步装置，其构成为将形成所述变速档齿轮对的所述输出轴OUT上的变速档齿轮和所述输出轴OUT同步并可连接及解除；变速单元GSU，其驱动所述多个同步装置；离合器执行机构CA，其控制所述离合器CL；控制器CTL，其在根据驾驶者的倒档选择信号驱动所述离合器执行机构CA的同时，通过所述变速单元GSU驱动所述同步装置，以将一档从动齿轮P1连接于所述输出轴OUT，并使所述马达M与前进变速档驱动时相反方向地逆向旋转。
即，本发明的混合变速器不使用现有技术中用于构成倒档的R档驱动齿轮、R档从动齿轮、R档套管及倒档惰轮等部件，而在形成一档变速档的状态下逆向旋转马达实现倒档，从而减少了构成变速器的多个部件，简化了结构，减少了重量，降低了变速器成本，提高了车辆的燃油效率，而且，因可缩小原来设置相应部件的空间，变速器长度得以缩短，从而提高了车辆的搭载性。
所述控制器CTL可使用通常的TCU(Transmission Control Unit)，根据驾驶者的变速杆操作识别所述控制器CTL选择倒档并驱动所述变速单元GSU。
在所述输入轴IN上具备副轴驱动齿轮CD，而在所述副轴CS上一体具备啮合于所述副轴驱动齿轮CD的副轴从动齿轮CP，从而使所述副轴CS始终通过所述输入轴IN进行旋转。
所述输出轴OUT以一端通过轴承被所述输入轴IN支撑并从所述输入轴IN直线延长的状态设置，所述多个同步装置中的一个将所述输出轴OUT直接连接于所述输入轴IN或从所述输入轴IN解除。
即，若将所述输出轴OUT直接连接于所述输入轴IN，则在本实施例中可实现1:1变速比的五档变速档。
在一个实施例中，在输出轴OUT上相邻设置有用于实现一档变速档的一档从动齿轮P1和用于实现二档变速档的二档从动齿轮P2，而在所述一档从动齿轮P1和二档从动齿轮P2之间具备1&2档同步装置1&2S，从而在所述控制器CTL根据驾驶者的倒档选择信号将所述一档从动齿轮P1连接于输出轴OUT时，使所述1&2档同步装置1&2S将一档从动齿轮P1连接于输出轴OUT。
当然，此外，在所述副轴CS上具备一档驱动齿轮D1、二档驱动齿轮D2、三档驱动齿轮D3、四档驱动齿轮D4及六档驱动齿轮D6，而在所述输出轴OUT上除所述一档从动齿轮P1，还具备外接并啮合于所述二档驱动齿轮D2的二档从动齿轮P2、外接并啮合于所述三档驱动齿轮D3的三档从动齿轮P3、外接并啮合于所述四档驱动齿轮D4的四档从动齿轮P4、外接并啮合于所述六档驱动齿轮D6的六档从动齿轮P6，从而可实现共前进六档的变速档。此时，前进六档中各档的驱动齿轮D1、D2、D3、D4、D5、D6可根据需要改变设置结构。
另外，在所述输出轴OUT上，除所述1&2档同步装置1&2S之外，还具备设置于所述三档从动齿轮P3和四档从动齿轮P4之间并将所述三档从动齿轮P3或四档从动齿轮P4连接于所述输出轴OUT或从所述输出轴OUT解除的3&4档同步装置3&4S，及将所述六档从动齿轮P6连接于所述输出轴OUT或从所述输出轴OUT解除，而且，将所述输出轴OUT直接连接于所述输入轴IN或从所述输入轴IN解除，从而形成或解除五档变速档的5&6档同步装置5&6S。
所述变速单元GSU根据所述控制器CTL的控制而选择所述1&2档同步装置1&2S、3&4档同步装置3&4S及5&6档同步装置5&6S中的一个进行换挡，从而形成某个变速档，所述离合器执行机构CA根据所述控制器CTL的控制约束离合器CL，从而连接或阻断从所述引擎传递至所述输入轴IN的动力。
如上所述，本发明的混合变速器不额外具备用于构成倒档的部件，而利用一档变速档和马达M实现倒档，从而可减少变速器的重量、体积及成本。
另外，如图4所示，控制所述混合变速器的方法，包括：倒档操作判断步骤S10，其判断驾驶者是否选择了倒档；前进档连接步骤S30，其若判定驾驶者选择了倒档，则通过变速单元GSU驱动同步装置以将一档从动齿轮P1(或其他前进档)连接于输出轴OUT；马达逆向旋转步骤S40，其当一档从动齿轮P1(或其他前进档)连接于输出轴OUT，则使所述马达M以与前进变速档驱动时相反的方向逆向旋转，从而进行倒车。
即，当驾驶者选择倒档，则所述控制器CTL在所述倒档操作判断步骤S10进行检测并执行所述前进档连接步骤S30以使变速器处于一档变速档的状态下，使所述马达M与实现前进一档变速时相反的方向逆向旋转，从而实现倒档。
当然，此时因引擎的动力不能传递至所述输入轴IN，因此，在所述倒档操作判断步骤S10之后，还优选具备在所述前进档连接步骤S30之前连接有离合器CL时解除所述离合器CL的离合器解除步骤S20。
另外，本发明的混合变速器根据道路的情况，根据道路是斜坡路、打滑路或平坦路，在所述前进档连接步骤S30中不仅可连接一档变速档，还可以连接更高的其他前进变速档，从而可根据路况实现不同倒档齿轮比。
所述实施例仅用以说明本发明而非限制，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明进行修改、变形或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (7)

1.一种车辆的混合变速器，包括：
输入轴(IN)，其连接有马达(M)并通过离合器获得引擎传递的动力；
输出轴(OUT)，其设置为与所述输入轴(IN)形成同心轴并且能够相对旋转；
副轴(CS)，其设置为从所述输入轴(IN)获得动力传递并平行于所述输出轴(OUT)；
多个变速档齿轮对，其成对地外接于所述副轴(CS)和输出轴(OUT)以形成一系列前进变速档；
多个同步装置，其将形成所述变速档齿轮对的所述输出轴(OUT)上的变速档齿轮和所述输出轴(OUT)同步，从而能够进行连接及解除；
变速单元(GSU)，其驱动所述多个同步装置；
离合器执行机构(CA)，其控制所述离合器(CL)；
控制器(CTL)，其在根据驾驶者的倒档选择信号驱动所述离合器执行机构(CA)的同时，通过所述变速单元(GSU)驱动所述同步装置，以将一档从动齿轮(P1)连接于所述输出轴(OUT)，并使所述马达(M)以与前进变速档驱动时相反的方向逆向旋转。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆的混合变速器，其特征在于：
所述输出轴(OUT)设置为一端通过轴承被所述输入轴(IN)支撑并从所述输入轴(IN)直线延长，
所述多个同步装置中的一个将所述输出轴(OUT)直接连接于所述输入轴(IN)或从所述输入轴(IN)解除。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆的混合变速器，其特征在于：在所述输入轴(IN)上具备副轴驱动齿轮(CD)，
在所述副轴(CS)上一体具备啮合于所述副轴驱动齿轮(CD)的副轴从动齿轮(CP)，从而使所述副轴(CS)始终通过所述输入轴(IN)进行旋转。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆的混合变速器，其特征在于：
在所述输出轴(OUT)上相邻设置有用于实现一档变速档的一档从动齿轮(P1)和用于实现二档变速档的二档从动齿轮(P2)，
在所述一档从动齿轮(P1)和二档从动齿轮(P2)之间具备(1&2)档同步装置(1&2S)，从而在所述控制器(CTL)根据驾驶者的倒档选择信号将所述一档从动齿轮(P1)连接于输出轴(OUT)时，通过所述(1&2)档同步装置(1&2S)将一档从动齿轮(P1)连接于输出轴(OUT)。
5.一种车辆的混合变速器控制方法，其用于控制权利要求1至4中任一项所述的混合变速器，包括：
倒档操作判断步骤(S10)，其判断驾驶者是否选择了倒档；
前进档连接步骤，其若判定驾驶者选择了倒档，则通过变速单元(GSU)驱动同步装置以将一档从动齿轮(P1)连接于输出轴(OUT)；
马达逆向旋转步骤(S40)，其当一档从动齿轮(P1)连接于输出轴(OUT)，则使所述马达(M)以与前进变速档驱动时相反的方向逆向旋转，从而进行倒车。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车辆的混合变速器控制方法，其特征在于：在所述倒档操作判断步骤(S10)之后，还具备在所述前进档连接步骤(S30)之前连接有离合器(CL)时解除所述离合器(CL)的离合器解除步骤(S20)。
7.一种车辆的混合变速器控制方法，其用于控制权利要求1至4中任一项所述的混合变速器，包括：
倒档操作判断步骤(S10)，其判断驾驶者是否选择了倒档；
变速档连接步骤，其若判定驾驶者选择了倒档，则通过变速单元(GSU)驱动同步装置并根据路况而连接包括一档变速档在内的全部前进变速档中的一个变速档；
马达逆向旋转步骤(S40)，其当连接有一个变速档时，则使所述马达(M)以与前进变速档驱动时相反的方向逆向旋转，从而进行倒车。
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