CN110410085B

CN110410085B - Shield cutter head of shield machine based on geological advanced detection

Info

Publication number: CN110410085B
Application number: CN201910811247.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 付春青; 方江华; 徐鹏程; 郑瑞兵; 毕欣; 张爽; 张志鹏
Original assignee: Beijing Uni Construction Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Uni Construction Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-08-29
Filing date: 2019-08-29
Publication date: 2021-02-19
Anticipated expiration: 2039-08-29
Also published as: CN112855178B; CN112855177A; CN110410085A; CN112855178A; CN112855177B

Abstract

The invention relates to a shield cutter head of a shield machine based on geological advanced detection, in particular to a shield cutter head, which comprises: a detecting device for installing cutter head body, central sword of cutter head body and being used for geology advanced detection, the positive middle part position of cutter head body is equipped with and is used for installing the first installation department of center sword, center sword include with the mount pad of first installation department adaptation, when center sword is in place in first installation department installation the at least part of mount pad inlays the dress and is in the first installation department, the back of cutter head body with the region that the mount pad is relative is equipped with and is used for the installation detecting device provides the second installation department of installation space, the form setting of second installation department with the recess of embedding cutter head body does not communicate between first installation department and the second installation department. The invention reliably protects the detection device.

Description

Shield cutter head of shield machine based on geological advanced detection

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of construction machinery, in particular to a shield cutter head of a shield machine based on geological advanced detection.

Background

The shield construction method is one of the construction methods for constructing underground tunnels, water supply channels, sewers, power cable ducts and the like underground, and the main equipment in the construction process is a shield machine. The shield machine is a totally-enclosed tunnel boring machine, belongs to mechanical equipment for excavating tunnels and other channels, and is a construction machine which can support the pressure of a stratum and can also tunnel in the stratum. The shield machine is used for tunnel construction, and has the characteristics of high automation degree, labor saving, high construction speed, one-step tunneling, no influence of weather, controllable ground settlement during excavation, reduction of influence on ground buildings, no influence on water traffic during underwater excavation and the like.

In recent years, the urban rail transit in China develops very rapidly, and the application of shield construction is more and more extensive. In modern tunnel construction engineering, composite stratum problems are increasingly encountered. The conventional shield construction method is suitable for construction in single soft soil stratum, soft rock stratum and sand layer. However, since the geological condition in the tunneling direction cannot be completely in a single form, the tunnel cannot meet a complex stratum, and the construction progress is greatly influenced if the geological condition in front of the tunneling face of the shield cannot be accurately judged in the tunnel construction process. For example, in southeast coastal regions of China, such as Guangdong and Shenzhen, regions with wide granite distribution are mostly composite stratums. In such areas, when the tunnel is constructed by adopting a shield method, the tunnel often encounters hard rocks and a composite stratum with soft upper part and hard lower part, which brings great difficulty to the construction, and a technology for detecting the geological condition in front of a shield tunneling line is needed, so that certain reference is brought to the shield construction.

For geological detection, there are three common practices in the prior art:

the first is the traditional drilling and coring exploration technology, because the hole distribution distance is large, the detection of the tunnel stratum is rough, the deviation from the actual situation is large, the grasping condition of the bad stratum in front of the tunnel face in the shield construction process is not accurate, great difficulty is brought to the construction, if the hole distribution exploration is encrypted, the cost is high, the consumed time is long,

the second is TSP (tunnel seismic prospecting) technology, which is to drill 1.5-2 m deep drill holes in the rear side wall of the tunnel face, fill water in the drill holes and place a three-component detector, uniformly arrange the drill holes with the drill depth of about 1.5m towards the tunnel face, place high-energy explosives after filling water, then blast in sequence, and receive elastic waves generated by blasting by the three-component detector. The elastic wave is directly transmitted to one wave detector and received by the wave detector, and then transmitted to the other wave detector, passes through the palm face and faces forwards, and meets different wave impedances in the rock mass to form reflection, and the reflected wave returns to each wave detector in sequence to be received, and is subjected to data processing and drawing, and then the image is interpreted to obtain a geological conclusion. The TSP tunnel seismic exploration technology needs drilling blasting to generate seismic elastic waves, bad geology is predicted through one-point excitation and multi-point receiving (or multi-point excitation and one-point receiving), the prediction range of the TSP technology is about one hundred meters generally, and in order to improve precision and reduce errors, a plurality of times of blasting excitation needs to be carried out within one hundred meters, the preparation process is complex, and the time is long.

The third is that a detection element for detecting geological conditions is arranged on the shield cutter head to detect, so that detection results can be fed back quickly, and the common methods of mechanical element measurement, sound wave measurement and the like are provided. The mechanical element measurement mode is, for example, an advanced forecasting method for soil shield tunnel construction diseases disclosed in chinese patent publication No. CN 104863602B. The method is characterized in that an advanced detection device is arranged in front of the shield machine, the advanced probe can be used for detecting the lateral resistance, the end resistance and the pore water pressure of a soil layer so as to determine the property of the soil layer, then the result is transmitted to a shield construction control center to form a three-dimensional model of soil layer distribution and property, and a three-dimensional model of soil layer distribution and property prediction which is continuously corrected in a larger range is automatically generated, so that the engineering property of the soil body in front is judged, a construction scheme is revised in time, safety measures are taken, the engineering cost is saved, the construction quality is ensured, and major safety accidents. The method can predict the construction environment, optimize the construction scheme, take safety measures, is safe, convenient and material-saving, can be suitable for soil layers with different properties, and is an accurate and economic advanced disease prediction method for the soil shield tunnel construction in shield construction. However, since the installation space of the cutter head is limited, the size of the retractable probe is directly affected, the extension length of the retractable probe is limited, and the measurement range is very limited. The acoustic measurement mode, such as the mode of the science research institute of southwest of central iron, carries out technical improvement on the basis of the HSP horizontal acoustic profile method, provides an HSP acoustic reflection method, utilizes the rebound return of transmitted waves to ascertain the information of the front rock stratum, and related technologies have been successfully applied to actual engineering after years of research and development. The mode of sound wave measurement, for example, chinese patent document No. CN205297591U, discloses a shield machine front-mounted ultrasonic geological detection apparatus, which includes an ultrasonic detector fixed on a shield machine, the ultrasonic detector includes an ultrasonic generator and an ultrasonic receiver, both the ultrasonic generator and the ultrasonic receiver are connected with a microprocessor system, the shield machine includes a cutter head, a plurality of sets of blades are arranged on the cutter head, the cutter head is connected with a motor through a transmission device, and the motor is connected with the microprocessor system. The utility model discloses a can make the micro-processor system geology judge through ultrasonic detection, order about the blade disc for the motor and get into operating condition and provide the basis, realize automatic opening and closing, the cost is reduced has improved work efficiency. However, the utility model does not consider how to provide a reliable installation environment for the detecting element, and the shell surface is flush with the cutter head surface, even if it adopts the wear-resistant shell, because the central part of cutter head will bear the external force of the surrounding soil body or rock mass, etc. in the process of rotary excavation, it is not only easy to damage, but also the shell surface that is flush with the cutter head surface weakens the excavation capacity of cutter head itself. Therefore, there is a need for improvements in the prior art.

Furthermore, on the one hand, due to the differences in understanding to the person skilled in the art; on the other hand, since the inventor has studied a lot of documents and patents when making the present invention, but the space is not limited to the details and contents listed in the above, however, the present invention is by no means free of the features of the prior art, but the present invention has been provided with all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to increase the related prior art in the background.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a shield cutter head of a shield machine based on geological advanced detection, in particular to a shield cutter head, which comprises: a detecting device for cutter head body, central sword of installation cutter and be used for geology advanced detection, the positive middle part position of cutter head body is equipped with and is used for the installation the first installation department of center sword, center sword include with the mount pad of first installation department adaptation, when center sword is in place in first installation department installation the at least part of mount pad inlays the dress and is in the first installation department, the back of cutter head body with the region that the mount pad is relative is equipped with and is used for the installation detecting device provides the second installation department of installation space, does not communicate between first installation department and the second installation department.

According to a preferred embodiment, first installation department includes columniform centre channel and follows two first anti-rotation grooves of radial extension of centre channel to the centre channel, the mount pad includes two first anti-rotation boss and two connecting plates, first anti-rotation boss card is in the first anti-rotation inslot, the connecting plate passes through bolted connection and is in with fixed center sword on the blade disc body, when shield structure blade disc carries out shield structure operation, the outside force that the place ahead soil body was applyed for center sword can be directly applyed for the blade disc body through the first anti-rotation boss of card in first anti-rotation inslot.

According to a preferred embodiment, the first installation part and the second installation part are not communicated with each other, namely the first installation part and the second installation part are completely isolated from each other by partial materials of the cutterhead body in the direction from the front to the back of the cutterhead body, so that the first installation part and the second installation part are not communicated with each other and also obstruct the stress of dynamic change of at least part of the front of the cutterhead body in a working state, the thickness of the partial materials of the cutterhead body for isolating the first installation part and the second installation part in the direction from the front to the back of the cutterhead body is 20-30 mm, the first installation part comprises a cylindrical central groove, two first anti-rotation grooves and two second anti-rotation grooves which radially extend outwards from the central groove, and a plurality of hob installation positions which are arranged at intervals along the extending direction of spokes are arranged on the cutterhead body and are used for installing the hobs, the hob mounting positions are through holes penetrating from the front face of the cutter head body to the back face of the cutter head body, one end, close to the central groove, of the second anti-rotation groove is communicated with the first anti-rotation groove, the other end, far away from the central groove, of the second anti-rotation groove is communicated with a hob mounting position, closest to the central groove, on the spoke, the connecting plate is connected to the cutter head body through bolts to fix the central knife, the bolts for fixing the central knife can be mounted in a hob mounting position, closest to the central groove, on the spoke in a hidden mode in a mode perpendicular to or approximately perpendicular to the rotation axis of the cutter head body, and the mounting seat comprises two first anti-rotation bosses and two connecting plates; when the central cutter is installed in place at the first installation part, the first anti-rotation boss is embedded and clamped in the first anti-rotation groove so that the side wall of the first anti-rotation boss and the first anti-rotation groove are abutted to form a first force transmission structure, the connecting plate is embedded and clamped in the second anti-rotation groove so that the side wall of the connecting plate and the second anti-rotation groove are abutted to form a second force transmission structure, and when the cutter is subjected to shield operation, dynamically-changed external force applied to the central cutter by a front soil body can be directly dispersed and applied to the structure of the cutter body from different positions of the cutter body at least through the first force transmission structure and the second force transmission structure which are formed in the radial direction of the cutter body and have different distances from the center of the cutter body; on a projection plane perpendicular to the direction of the rotation axis of the cutter head body, the outer contour projection line of the first installation part completely surrounds the outer contour projection line of the second installation part, the projection area of the central groove of the first installation part is 9-25 times of the projection area of the second installation part, and therefore when partial material external force is applied to the cutter head body for separating the first installation part from the second installation part by the central knife, the second installation part can integrally move backwards behind the first installation part so as to reduce the possibility that a detection device arranged in the second installation part is damaged.

According to a preferred embodiment, the detection device comprises a control module, an ultrasonic probe and a first wireless communication module, the ultrasonic probe comprises a plurality of piezoelectric transducers arranged in a matrix form, the control module is configured to control the ultrasonic probe to transmit ultrasonic waves through any one of the piezoelectric transducers, then the control module obtains an ultrasonic echo signal generated by ultrasonic echoes reflected by a front soil body and not received by at least three of the piezoelectric transducers which transmit the ultrasonic waves, and the control module transmits the ultrasonic echo signal to a second wireless communication module which is arranged on a part, in a non-rotating state, of a control room of the shield tunneling machine when the shield tunneling machine is rotated relative to the shield tunneling machine through the wireless communication module after obtaining the ultrasonic echo signal.

According to a preferred embodiment, the control module is capable of generating three-dimensional imaging data based at least in part on the processing of the ultrasonic echo signals received by the at least three piezoelectric transducers, wherein the control module is capable of generating the three-dimensional imaging data based at least in part on the processing of the ultrasonic echo signals received by the at least three piezoelectric transducers by aperture synthesis of the ultrasonic echo signals received by the at least three piezoelectric transducers to generate the three-dimensional imaging data indicative of the geology of the region at the different depths in front of the shield cutterhead.

According to a preferred embodiment, the ultrasonic detection module comprises at least sixteen piezoelectric transducers arranged in a matrix form, the control module can enable any one of the piezoelectric transducers to generate ultrasonic waves, then the control module can selectively obtain ultrasonic echo signals generated by ultrasonic echoes reflected by front soil bodies and received by nine piezoelectric transducers of the piezoelectric transducers which do not transmit the ultrasonic waves of the ultrasonic probe, wherein the control module randomly divides the at least nine piezoelectric transducers into at least three groups, each group comprises three piezoelectric transducers, the control module respectively generates three-dimensional imaging data to be verified to generate at least three groups of three-dimensional imaging data based on the ultrasonic echo signals collected by the three piezoelectric transducers of each group, and the control module compares the three groups of three-dimensional imaging data to identify common characteristic parts of three-dimensional images corresponding to the three groups of three-dimensional imaging data in the same area, and the number of occurrences of the common feature in the at least three sets of three-dimensional imaging data is labeled to reflect the confidence level of the corresponding common feature.

According to a preferred embodiment, the cutter head body comprises two spokes which are arranged at an included angle, at least two cutter holders are arranged on two sides of each spoke at intervals along the radiation direction of the spoke, the cutter holders are used for installing cutters, the distances between the cutter holders on the two spokes and the rotation center of the cutter head body are different, so that the cutters installed on the two spokes are matched with and cut the front soil body together, and the cutting ranges of the cutters on the different spokes are complementary with each other to reduce the cutting dead angle.

According to a preferred embodiment, the blade holder is located the front of blade disc body and the blade holder stretches out towards the direction of the tunnelling of shield structure blade disc, be equipped with on the blade holder to the sword groove, the cutter include with the tool setting edge to the sword groove matching, the tool setting groove includes the bearing surface of facade and slope, the facade with the bearing surface becomes acute angle setting each other in order to let during the cutter installation the tool setting edge with the tool setting groove interlock each other to transmit the cutter on the blade disc body partially at least through one in facade and the bearing surface along the external force of the circumference of shield structure blade disc that the cutter received.

According to a preferred embodiment, the bearing surface is provided with at least one clamping groove, the part of the cutter, which is in contact with the bearing surface, is correspondingly provided with clamping blocks which are matched with the clamping grooves, and the cutter at least partially transmits the radial external force, which is applied to the cutter along the shield cutter, to the cutter body through the clamping blocks and the clamping grooves which are matched with each other.

According to a preferred embodiment, the at least part of second installation department is the mounting hole that sets up at the back of blade disc body, and shield constructs the blade disc and still including adopting insulating material to make sealed lid, sealed lid passes through threaded connection in order to form the second installation department between sealed lid and mounting hole in the mounting hole, sealed lid installation back in place, at least part of sealed lid supports to lean on detection device's casing with the common centre gripping detection device of mounting hole in order to reduce detection device's rocking.

According to a preferred embodiment, the shield construction method of the shield machine based on geological advanced detection adopts the shield cutter head of one of the preferred embodiments described in the invention to carry out shield construction, and in the process of shield construction, a detection device on the shield cutter head is adopted to carry out advanced detection on the front geological condition.

The shield cutter head of the shield machine based on geological advanced detection provided by the invention at least has the following advantages:

firstly, the detection device is arranged on the back surface of the cutter head body, so that the possibility that the detection device is arranged on the front surface and is damaged by a large external force is avoided;

secondly, the detection device is embedded in a groove of the cutter head body, and a mounting seat embedded in the first mounting part is correspondingly arranged at the central part of the cutter head body, so that two layers of protection are formed on the detection device;

thirdly, because the center knife can be replaced, when the center knife is worn to a certain degree, the center knife can be replaced in time, so that the first layer of protection is updated along with the replacement of the center knife every time, and the detection device can still be reliably protected in the long-term use process.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view from another perspective of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a partial schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of the center knife;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of a blade holder and cutter;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the blade holder and cutter;

FIG. 9 is a partial schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the blade holder and cutter;

FIG. 10 is a block schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a detection device;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of one preferred arrangement of piezoelectric transducers;

FIG. 12 is a schematic side cut-away view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and

fig. 13 is a schematic side sectional view of another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

List of reference numerals

100: the cutter head body 110: first mounting portion 111: central groove

112: first rotation preventing groove 113: third rotation prevention groove 114: second anti-rotation groove

120: second mounting portion 121: mounting hole 130: spoke

140: tool apron 141: counter knife groove 1411: vertical surface

1412: bearing surface 1413: card slot 150: arc-shaped reinforcing rib

160: cutter head connector 161: connecting disc 162: connecting rod

170: hob installation site 180: thin-wall region 200: probe apparatus

210: control module

220: the ultrasonic probe 221: the piezoelectric transducer 230: first wireless communication module

240: the direction sensor 300: the center knife 310: mounting seat

311: first anti-rotation boss 312: second rotation prevention boss 313: connecting plate

400: a cutter 410: tool setting edge 411: clamping block

600: the sealing cover 700: relatively non-rotating mounting body

800: rotation stopping rod

K1: first force transmission structure K2: second force transfer structure

Detailed Description

The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings. The word "module" as used herein describes any type of hardware, software, or combination of hardware and software that is capable of performing the functions associated with the "module".

Example 1

According to a preferred embodiment, the embodiment discloses a shield cutter head of a shield machine based on geological advanced detection, or a shield cutter head. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in whole and/or in part in the context of other embodiments, which can supplement the present embodiment, without resulting in conflict or inconsistency.

According to a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, the shield cutterhead may include at least one of a cutterhead body 100, a center knife 300 and a probe 200. The shield cutterhead may include at least one of a cutterhead body 100 for mounting cutters, a center cutter 300, and a detection device 200 for geological advance detection. The front middle position of the cutter head body 100 can be provided with a first mounting part 110 for mounting the center knife 300. The center knife 300 may include a mount 310 that mates with the first mount 110. At least a portion of the mounting seat 310 may be fitted into the first mounting portion 110 when the center blade 300 is mounted in place at the first mounting portion 110. Thereby, a first layer of protection is provided to probe device 200 by mounting base 310. A region of the rear surface of the cutter head body 100 opposite to the mount 310 may be provided with a second mount portion 120 for mounting the probe 200 to provide a mounting space for the probe 200. The second mounting portion 120 may be provided in the form of a groove on the cutter head body 100. After the mounting seat 310 is mounted in place on the first mounting portion 110, one surface of the mounting seat 310 facing the shield tunneling direction is flush with the front surface of the cutter head body 100. The first and second mounting

portions

110 and 120 may not communicate with each other. Thereby, a second layer of protection is formed for the detecting device 200 through the cutter head body 100. The invention can at least realize the following beneficial technical effects by adopting the mode: firstly, the detection device 200 is arranged on the back surface of the cutter head body 100, so that the possibility that the detection device 200 is damaged due to large external force when the detection device is arranged on the front surface is avoided; secondly, the detecting device 200 is embedded in a groove of the cutter head body 100, and a mounting seat 310 embedded in the first mounting part 110 is correspondingly arranged at the central part of the cutter head body 100, so that two layers of protection are formed for the detecting device 200; thirdly, since the center blade 300 can be replaced, when the center blade 300 is worn to a certain extent, it can be replaced in time, so that the first layer of protection is updated every time the center blade 300 is replaced, so that the detection device 200 can be reliably protected.

According to a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 12, the side of the second mounting portion 120 facing the first mounting portion 110 may be spaced apart from the first mounting portion 110 by a thin-walled region 180 of significantly enhanced elasticity. Thereby, in the case where the detection device 200 is fixed to the side of the second mount portion 120 remote from the front face of the cutter head body 100, data collected by the at least three piezoelectric transducers 221 arranged in the matrix form of the ultrasonic probe 220 can be substantially subjected to only interference with respect to the driving force from the cutter head connector 160.

According to a preferred embodiment, the first mounting part 110 may include a cylindrical central groove 111 and two first anti-rotation grooves 112 extending from the central groove 111 to a radial direction of the central groove 111. The mount 310 may include two first rotation prevention bosses 311 and two connection plates 313. The first rotation prevention protrusion 311 may be caught in the first rotation prevention groove 112. The coupling plate 313 may be coupled to the cutter head body 100 by bolts to fix the center knife 300. When the shield cutterhead performs shield operation, external force applied to the center cutter 300 by front soil can be directly applied to the cutterhead body 100 through the first rotation-preventing boss 311 clamped in the first rotation-preventing groove 112. The first mounting portion 110 may include two third rotation prevention grooves 113 extending from the central groove 111 to a radial direction of the central groove 111. A line connecting the geometric centers of the two third rotation preventing grooves 113 may be perpendicular to a line connecting the geometric centers of the two first rotation preventing grooves 112. The mount 310 may include two second anti-rotation bosses 312. The second rotation prevention protrusion 312 may be insertedly provided in the third rotation prevention groove 113. However, a gap may be left between the sidewall of the second rotation prevention protrusion 312 and the third rotation prevention groove 113. When the mounting seat 310 of the center knife 300 rotates more than 2 ° relative to the cutterhead body 100 due to an external force applied to the center knife 300, the side wall of the second rotation prevention projection 312 abuts against the third rotation prevention groove 113 to prevent further rotation of the mounting seat 310. Thus, the second rotation prevention boss 312 and the third rotation prevention groove 113 are almost not stressed at ordinary times, but when the mounting seat 310 rotates at a large angle relative to the cutter head body 100, the continuous rotation may cause damage to the bolt or the mounting seat, and the auxiliary protection effect is achieved. Since the center of the cutter head body 100 without the probe 200 can be directly provided with a through hole for installing the center cutter 300 through the cutter box, but the invention arranges the probe 200 at the center and arranges a non-through hole at the middle part for protecting the probe 200 well, in this case, the installation mode of the center cutter 300 has to be improved, and simultaneously, the problem that the center cutter 300 is difficult to be disassembled due to the deformation or damage of the bolt caused by applying a larger shearing force to the bolt is avoided. The invention can at least realize the following beneficial technical effects by adopting the mode: the external force that the center sword 300 was applyed to the place ahead soil body can be directly applyed for the blade disc body 100 through the boss of preventing revolving of card in preventing revolving the groove to greatly avoided external force to directly exert on the bolt, reduced the shear stress that the bolt on the connecting plate 313 received, reduced to appear leading to the difficult problem of dismantling of center sword 300 to appear because of the bolt warp or damage the back and appear.

According to a preferred embodiment, the lack of communication between the first and second mounting

portions

110, 120 may mean that the first and second mounting

portions

110, 120 are completely isolated from each other by a portion of the material of the cutterhead body 100 in a direction from the front to the back of the cutterhead body 100. Thereby, the first mounting portion 110 and the second mounting portion 120 do not communicate with each other and also block the stress that dynamically changes from at least a part of the front surface of the cutter head body 100 in the operating state. Preferably, the thickness of the material of the cutter head body 100 separating the first mounting part 110 and the second mounting part 120 in the direction from the front surface to the back surface of the cutter head body 100 can be 20-30 mm. The first mounting portion 110 may include a cylindrical center groove 111, two first anti-rotation grooves 112 and/or two second anti-rotation grooves 114 extending from the center groove 111 radially outward of the center groove 111. The cutterhead body 100 may be provided with a plurality of hob mounting locations 170 for mounting hobs, spaced apart along the direction of extension of the spokes 130. The hob mounting location 170 may be a through hole that passes through from the front face of the cutterhead body 100 to the back face of the cutterhead body 100. An end of the second rotation preventing groove 114 relatively close to the central groove 111 may communicate with the first rotation preventing groove 112. The other end of the second anti-rotation slot 114, which is relatively far from the central slot 111, may communicate with a roller mounting location 170 on the spoke 130 that is closest to the central slot 111. The coupling plate 313 may be coupled to the cutter head body 100 by bolts to fix the center knife 300. The bolt securing the center cutter 300 may be mounted concealingly in a hob mounting location 170 on the spoke 130 nearest the center groove 111, perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the cutterhead body 100. The four holes in the attachment plate 313 in fig. 6 are holes for bolts passing through the mount 310. The mount 310 may include two first rotation prevention bosses 311 and two connection plates 313. When the center blade 300 is mounted in place at the first mounting portion 110, the first rotation preventing protrusion 311 may be snap-fitted into the first rotation preventing groove 112 to allow the side wall of the first rotation preventing protrusion 311 and the first rotation preventing groove 112 to abut against each other to form the first force transmission structure K1. When the center blade 300 is mounted in place at the first mounting portion 110, the connection plate 313 is snap-fitted into the second rotation preventing groove 114 to allow the side wall of the connection plate 313 and the second rotation preventing groove 114 to abut against each other to form a second force transmission structure K2. When the shield cutterhead performs shield operation, dynamically-changed external force applied to the central knife 300 by a front soil body can be directly dispersed and applied to the structure of the cutterhead body 100 from different positions of the cutterhead body 100 at least through the first force transmission structure K1 and the second force transmission structure K2 which are respectively formed in the radial direction of the cutterhead body 100 and have different distances from the center of the cutterhead body 100. On a projection plane in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the cutter head body 100, the outer contour projection line of the first mounting portion 110 may completely surround the outer contour projection line of the second mounting portion 120. The projected area of the central groove 111 of the first mounting part 110 can be 9-25 times of the projected area of the second mounting part 120, so that when the central knife 300 applies partial material external force to the cutterhead body 100 for separating the first mounting part 110 from the second mounting part 120, the second mounting part 120 can be integrally moved backwards in the rear of the first mounting part 110, and the possibility of damage to the detection device 200 arranged in the second mounting part 120 is reduced. The hob mounting position 170 may be a rectangular hole as shown in fig. 2, and the hob may have a hob holder which is adapted to the rectangular hole, and the hob holder is embedded in the hob mounting position 170 and then fixed by bolts to complete the installation of the hob. The hob and hob holder are not shown in fig. 2, the way in which the hob and hob holder are mounted is prior art in the field, the invention is not improved and will not be described further. The invention can at least realize the following beneficial technical effects by adopting the mode: the external force applied to the central cutter 300 by the front soil body can be directly dispersed and applied to the cutter head body 100 from positions with different distances from the center of the cutter head body 100 through the first force transmission structure K1 and the second force transmission structure K2, so that the force is dispersed and applied to the cutter head body 100, the scene avoids the possibility of large stress at the local part of the cutter head body 100, the service life of the cutter head body 100 is prolonged, the external force is also greatly prevented from being directly applied to the bolt, the shearing stress on the bolt on the connecting plate 313 is reduced, and the problem that the central cutter 300 is difficult to disassemble due to the deformation or damage of the bolt is solved; secondly, the second anti-rotation slot 114 for mounting the connection plate 313 is directly communicated with a hob mounting position 170 on the spoke 130 closest to the central slot 111, so that a bolt can be mounted in a hidden manner in the hob mounting position 170 on the spoke 130 closest to the central slot 111, and the bolt is further reliably protected; third, the projected line of the outer contour of the first mounting portion 110 may completely surround the projected line of the outer contour of the second mounting portion 120, so that when the center blade 300 applies a part of the external force to the cutter head body 100 separating the first and second mounting portions 110 and 120, the second mounting portion 120 is moved backward in the rear of the first mounting portion 110 to reduce the possibility of damage to the detecting device 200 provided in the second mounting portion 120, because the entire cutterhead body 100 is a cast or welded steel structure and has greater structural strength, most of the external force is dispersed to the structural parts around the second mounting part 120 by the mounting seat 310 of the center cutter 300, the deformation during the entire movement of the second mounting part 120 at the rear of the first mounting part 110 is also small, the external force applied to the detecting device 200 is small, and the detecting device 200 can be well protected.

According to a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 10, the probe 200 may include at least one of a control module 210, an ultrasonic probe 220, and a first wireless communication module 230. Referring to fig. 11, the ultrasonic probe 220 may include a plurality of piezoelectric transducers 221 arranged in a matrix form. The control module 210 may be configured to control the ultrasonic probe 220 to transmit ultrasonic waves through any one of the piezoelectric transducers 221. The control module 210 may obtain an ultrasonic echo signal generated by an ultrasonic echo reflected by a front soil body and received by at least three piezoelectric transducers 221 of the piezoelectric transducers 221 which do not transmit ultrasonic waves of the ultrasonic probe 220. The control module 210 may obtain the ultrasonic echo signal and transmit the ultrasonic echo signal to a second wireless communication module installed at a non-rotating position of the shield cutterhead relative to the control room of the shield machine when the shield cutterhead rotates. Preferably, the ultrasonic probe 220 includes at least four piezoelectric transducers 221. Preferably, the shield tunneling machine is driven by a driving mechanism behind the shield tunneling cutterhead during tunneling, and the control room of the shield tunneling machine does not rotate during rotation of the shield tunneling cutterhead of the shield tunneling machine. Therefore, the data collected on the shield cutterhead cannot be transmitted to the communication component behind the shield cutterhead in a wired connection mode. Preferably, each shield cutterhead may include a sonde. Alternatively, each shield cutterhead may include at least two probe devices. Thereby, redundant backup of the sonde is provided. At least two detection devices communicate with each other to enable advanced geological detection by one and only one detection device at a time. Preferably, the shield cutterhead can be static during geological advance exploration, so that the accuracy of data is improved. That is, the shield cutterhead may be stationary while transmitting ultrasonic waves and receiving ultrasonic echo signals. Preferably, the detecting device 200 may include a direction sensor 240. The orientation sensor 240 may be communicatively coupled to the control module 210. Before geological advanced detection is carried out after the shield cutterhead is stationary to generate an image, the control module 210 acquires orientation data representing the rotation angle of the cutterhead body 100 from the direction sensor 240. The control module 210 determines an adjustment angle of the image according to the orientation data, and rotates the angle of the image formed according to the adjustment angle so that the orientation of the image formed by the cutter head body 100 at any rotation angle matches the actual orientation of the object in front of the cutter head body 100. The direction sensor 240 may include a gyroscope and/or a geomagnetic sensor. Preferably, although the detection device 200 is installed in the cutter head body 100, if a radar detection method is adopted, the signal is shielded or weakened, so that advanced detection is difficult or impossible, and therefore, the detection is performed by using ultrasonic waves, although the structure of the detection device per se reflects a part of the ultrasonic waves, for example, a part of the material of the cutter head body 100 which isolates the first installation part 110 from the second installation part 120 and a part of the ultrasonic waves are reflected by the central knife 300, during the imaging process, the part can be used as the construction soil in front for calculation, and the generated image can be generated together during imaging, and the operator can be informed of the imaging of the part which is the structure per se on an operation manual so as to be handled by the operator. Alternatively, image processing is used during imaging so that portions of the material of the cutter head body 100 and the center blade 300 separating the first and

second mounts

110, 120 are not displayed in the final image. Preferably, the first wireless communication module 230 and/or the second wireless communication module may be, for example, a WiFi module and/or a ZigBee module. Preferably, the second wireless communication module can transmit the ultrasonic echo signal to the computing device after acquiring the ultrasonic echo signal, and the computing device processes the ultrasonic echo signal to acquire the front geological condition.

According to a preferred embodiment, the control module 210 of the probe 200 may process the ultrasonic echo signal and then transmit the processed ultrasonic echo signal to the second wireless communication module. The control module 210 may generate three-dimensional imaging data based at least in part on processing the ultrasonic echo signals received by the at least three piezoelectric transducers 221. Preferably, the control module 210 may generate the three-dimensional imaging data based at least in part on processing the ultrasonic echo signals received by the at least three piezoelectric transducers 221 by aperture synthesis of the ultrasonic echo signals received by the at least three piezoelectric transducers 221 to generate the three-dimensional imaging data. The three-dimensional imaging data may be used to indicate the geology of regions of different depths in front of the shield cutterhead. Preferably, the control module 210 may transmit the three-dimensional imaging data to the second wireless communication module through the first wireless communication module 230. Preferably, at least three piezoelectric transducers 221 in the same probe device 200 are mounted on the same PCB and have known relative positions, and the control module 22 cancels the interference of the vibration of the PCB to the measured ultrasonic echo signal through the conversion of the known relative positions of the at least three piezoelectric transducers 221.

According to a preferred embodiment, the ultrasonic detection module may include at least sixteen piezoelectric transducers 221 arranged in a matrix form. The control module 210 may cause any one of the plurality of piezoelectric transducers 221 to generate ultrasonic waves. The control module 210 can selectively obtain an ultrasonic echo signal generated by ultrasonic echoes reflected by the front soil body and not received by nine piezoelectric transducers 221 of the piezoelectric transducers 221 which transmit ultrasonic waves of the ultrasonic probe 220. The control module 210 may randomly group the at least nine piezoelectric transducers 221 into at least three groups. Each group may include three piezoelectric transducers 221. The control module 210 may generate three-dimensional imaging data to be verified based on the ultrasonic echo signals collected by each group of three piezoelectric transducers 221, respectively, to generate at least three groups of three-dimensional imaging data. The control module 210 may compare the at least three sets of three-dimensional imaging data to identify common features of the three-dimensional images corresponding to the at least three sets of three-dimensional imaging data in the same region. The control module 210 can mark the number of occurrences of the common feature in at least three sets of three-dimensional imaging data. Thereby reflecting the confidence of the respective common feature portions. Preferably, the common feature may refer to a feature, such as a rock or a hole, which at least two of the three-dimensional images have in common. The invention can at least realize the following beneficial technical effects by adopting the mode: the control module 210 selectively acquires the ultrasonic echo signals received by the at least nine piezoelectric transducers 221 to form at least three sets of three-dimensional imaging data, and thereby identifies common feature portions of three-dimensional images corresponding to the at least three sets of three-dimensional imaging data in the same region, and marks the occurrence times of the common feature portions in the at least three sets of three-dimensional imaging data so as to reflect the confidence degrees of the corresponding common feature portions, and when imaging is displayed at a later stage, the computing device may distinguish the common feature portions with different occurrence times by different colors on the three-dimensional images displayed on the display so as to reflect the confidence degrees of the presence of the common feature portions, for example, assuming that common feature portions exist at two different depths, possibly rock, one common feature portion appears twice in total, and the other common feature portion appears three times in total, then in three-dimensional imaging the non-common features are grey, the common feature parts appearing twice are marked blue on the three-dimensional image, and the common feature parts appearing three times are marked red on the three-dimensional image to show the confidence of the respective features to the respective person.

According to a preferred embodiment, the impeller body 100 may include two spokes 130 disposed at an angle to one another. At least two tool holders 140 may be spaced apart from each other along the radial direction of the spokes 130 on both sides of each spoke 130. The tool holder 140 may be used to mount the cutter 400. The distance of the tool seats 140 on the two spokes 130 from the rotation center of the cutterhead body 100 can be different so that the cutters 400 mounted on the two spokes 130 cooperate together to cut the soil ahead. The cutting ranges of the cutters 400 on different spokes 130 may complement each other to reduce dead cutting angles. Preferably, two sides of the same spoke 130 are provided with a tool apron 140 respectively at the same distance from the rotation center of the cutter head body 100. The invention can at least realize the following beneficial technical effects by adopting the mode: the cutting ranges of the cutters 400 on different spokes 130 are complementary to each other to reduce the cutting dead angle.

According to a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 3, 7 and 8, the tool apron 140 may be provided on the front face of the cutterhead body 100 with the tool apron 140 projecting in the direction of the shield cutterhead. The tool holder 140 may be provided with a tool aligning groove 141. The cutter 400 may include a pair of knife edges 410 that mate with the knife slots 141. Counter knife channel 141 may include a riser 1411 and an inclined bearing surface 1412. The riser 1411 and seating surface 1412 may be disposed at an acute angle to each other to allow the knife setting rim 410 and the knife setting groove 141 to engage each other when the knife 400 is installed. Thus, the cutter 400 can transmit the external force applied to the cutter 400 along the circumferential direction of the shield cutter head to the cutter head body 100 at least partially through one of the vertical surface 1411 and the bearing surface 1412. The width of the blade holder 140 may be equal to the width of the cutter 400. For example, taking fig. 7 as an example, assuming that the instantaneous speed of the cutters 400 is toward the right side of the drawing, at this time, the two cutters 400 may receive an external force applied to the soil mass to be cut leftward, the cutter 400 on the right side may transmit the external force to the cutter head body 100 through the vertical surface 1411, and the cutter setting edge 410 and the cutter setting groove 141 are engaged with each other, and the cutter 400 on the left side may transmit the external force to the cutter head body 100 through the bearing surface 1412. Preferably, referring to fig. 8, the cutter 400 may be mounted on the cutter head body 100 by at least one bolt. The invention can at least realize the following beneficial technical effects by adopting the mode: firstly, the cutter seat 140 extends out towards the tunneling direction of the shield cutter head, so that the cutter seat 140 is in a protruding state, and the protruding cutter seat 140 can be convenient for later maintenance; secondly, at least part of the external force can transmit the external force, which is applied to the cutter 400 along the circumferential direction of the shield cutter head, to the cutter head body 100 through one of the vertical surface 1411 and the bearing surface 1412, so that the force directly applied to the bolt for mounting the cutter 400 is reduced, and the situation that the cutter 400 is difficult to detach due to deformation or damage of the bolt is reduced; thirdly, in the process of tunneling, the shield cutter head is also subjected to a forward thrust exerted by a structure behind the shield cutter head so as to make the shield cutter head rotationally advance forwards, so the force exerted on the cutter 400 also comprises an external force pointing to the tail of the shield, for example, as shown in fig. 7, namely, the cutter 400 is also subjected to an external force below the cutter head, and the external force can be directly transmitted to the cutter head body 100 through the vertical surface 1411 and/or the bearing surface 1412, thereby reducing the force directly exerted on the bolt for mounting the cutter 400, and reducing the situation that the cutter 400 is difficult to detach after the bolt is deformed or damaged; fourthly, the width of the tool apron 140 is equal to the width of the cutter 400 so that the tool setting edge of the cutter 400 is engaged with the tool setting groove when the cutter is installed, and then the bolt hole in the cutter is aligned with the bolt hole in the cutter head body quickly by manually aligning the side edges of the tool apron 140 and the cutter 400, thereby reducing the difficulty and labor intensity when the cutter is installed.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 9, the bearing surface 1412 may be provided with at least one catch 1413. The contact part of the cutter 400 and the bearing surface 1412 can be correspondingly provided with a fixture block 411 matched with the fixture groove 1413. The cutting knife 400 can transmit the external force applied to the cutting knife 400 along the radial direction of the shield cutterhead to the cutterhead body 100 at least partially through the clamping block 411 and the clamping groove 1413 which are matched with each other. The invention can at least realize the following beneficial technical effects by adopting the mode: since the cutter 400 is subjected to a varying external force in the radial direction, if the external force is not directly transferred to the cutter head body 100, the external force is also applied to the bolt for mounting the cutter 400, so that the bolt is deformed or damaged, and the invention can further reduce the force directly applied to the bolt for mounting the cutter 400 by adopting the mode, thereby reducing the situation that the cutter 400 is difficult to disassemble after the bolt is deformed or damaged.

According to a preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the second mounting portion 120 is a mounting hole 121 that may be provided in the back of the cutter head body 100. Alternatively, the second mounting portion 120 may itself be the mounting hole 121 or the mounting hole 121 may be provided in or on the second mounting portion 120. Referring to fig. 5, the shield cutterhead may include a seal cover 600 made of an insulating material. The sealing cover 600 may be coupled to the mounting hole 121 by a screw to form the second mounting portion 120 between the sealing cover 600 and the mounting hole 121. After the sealing cover 600 is mounted in place, at least a portion of the sealing cover 600 may abut against the housing of the detection device 200 to reduce the wobbling of the detection device 200. The cutterhead body 100 can include arcuate reinforcement ribs 150 and a cutterhead connector 160. The curved stiffening ribs 150 may be affixed between two spokes 130 to form a circumferential support for the two spokes 130. The cutterhead connector 160 may include a connecting disc 161 and/or at least two connecting rods 162. The connection plate 161 may be connected to the arc-shaped reinforcing rib 150 in an overhead manner by providing at least two connection rods 162 spaced apart from each other. Thereby, an operation space for installing and/or maintaining the detecting device 200 is reserved on the back surface of the cutter head. Preferably, at least a portion of the sealing cover 600 may abut on a housing of the detecting device 200 to clamp the detecting device 200 together with the mounting hole 121 to reduce shaking of the detecting device 200. The invention can at least realize the following beneficial technical effects by adopting the mode: the coupling disc 161 of the cutterhead is overhead for the corresponding personnel to install and/or maintain the probe device 200 without having to remove the coupling disc 161 of the shield cutterhead.

Preferably, in the present invention, the front surface of the cutter head body 100 may refer to a surface of the cutter head body 100 facing the heading direction. Preferably, in the present invention, the back surface of the cutterhead body 100 may refer to the surface opposite to the front surface of the shield cutterhead. In other words, the back surface of the cutter head body 100 may refer to a surface of the cutter head body 100 facing in the opposite direction to the heading direction.

According to a preferred embodiment, the shield cutterhead may be stationary or rotating while geological advance exploration is being performed.

According to an alternative preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the shield cutterhead may not include a relatively non-rotating mounting body 700. That is, the probe 200 may be directly fixedly mounted in the second mounting portion 120 of the shield cutterhead. In this case, the detection device 200 rotates synchronously with the shield cutterhead when the shield cutterhead rotates. The ultrasonic probe 220 in the probe apparatus 200 is also rotated, and if advanced detection is performed in this case, the difficulty becomes large because the image is calculated by taking into account a series of factors such as the rotation speed and the relative position change. Therefore, in this case, when advance detection is to be performed, the shield construction work may be stopped first, and then advance geological detection may be performed with the shield cutter stationary.

According to another alternative preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 13, the shield cutterhead may include a relatively non-rotating mounting body 700. The probe 200 may be indirectly disposed in the second mounting portion 120 through the relatively non-rotatable mounting body 700. The coupling disc 161 may be driven by a drive mechanism mounted on the frame of the shield tunneling machine for rotational movement relative to the frame of the shield tunneling machine. The relative non-rotation mounting body 700 can be fixedly connected with the frame of the shield tunneling machine through a rotation stopping rod 800 extending out of the frame of the shield tunneling machine. For example, the shield cutterhead may be driven by a hollow shaft driven by a drive mechanism. The rotation stopping rod 800 passes through the hollow part of the hollow shaft, one end of the rotation stopping rod is fixedly connected to the frame of the shield tunneling machine, and the other end of the rotation stopping rod is fixedly connected to the non-rotating installation 700. The fixed connection may be at least one of welded, riveted, clamped and bolted. When the shield cutterhead is driven by the driving mechanism so that the shield cutterhead is in a rotating state relative to the frame of the shield machine, the relatively non-rotating installation body 700 can be in a non-rotating state relative to the frame of the shield machine under the action of the rotation stop rod 800. Therefore, the detection device 200 arranged in the relatively non-rotating installation body 700 can perform geological advanced detection in a non-rotating state relative to a frame of the shield machine in a position space between the front surface and the back surface of the cutterhead body 100 under a working condition that the shield cutterhead rotates. If the detection device 200 is mounted on a frame of a shield machine, geological advanced detection can be performed, but when a shield cutterhead moves, all moving parts on the shield cutterhead interfere with ultrasonic signals many times, and image calculation is difficult. The invention can at least realize the following beneficial technical effects by adopting the mode: according to the invention, the detection device 200 is indirectly arranged in the second installation part 120 relative to the non-rotating installation body 700, so that geological advanced detection can be carried out in a non-rotating state relative to a frame of the shield tunneling machine in a position space between the front surface and the back surface of the cutter head body 100 under the working condition that the shield tunneling machine is in rotation, the detection device 200 is fully protected, the detection device 200 is not completely positioned behind the shield tunneling machine, the moving shield tunneling machine does not cause excessive interference on ultrasonic echo signals, the image resolving difficulty is reduced, and the imaging precision is improved.

According to a preferred embodiment, the piezoelectric transducer 221 selected for use in the present invention may emit ultrasonic waves at a frequency of 100KHz to 500 KHz. Particularly preferably 300 to 400 KHz. The control module 210 obtains an ultrasonic echo signal generated by an ultrasonic echo reflected by a front soil body and received by the ultrasonic probe 220, and then removes the ultrasonic echo signal of which the measurement frequency is more than a preset threshold value than the frequency difference of the ultrasonic wave transmitted by the piezoelectric transducer 221 in the ultrasonic echo signal so as to eliminate or substantially eliminate noise generated by the shield cutterhead cutting the land, thereby obtaining a final ultrasonic echo signal. Preferably, the frequency of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the piezoelectric transducer 221 can be switched at least two specific frequencies different from each other. Thereby, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the piezoelectric transducer 221 is switched when the frequency of the useful signal and the noise frequency in the measured ultrasonic wave echo signal are difficult to distinguish, and the frequency of the useful signal and the noise frequency in the ultrasonic wave echo signal measured after switching the frequency of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the piezoelectric transducer 221 can be distinguished. The invention can at least realize the following beneficial technical effects by adopting the mode: when the shield cutter head moves, geological advanced detection is carried out, and the shield cutter head can generate noise, so that the noise and the measurement signal can be well distinguished by adopting the ultrasonic wave with the frequency for detection, and a high-quality image is obtained.

Example 2

The embodiment discloses a shield construction method of a shield machine based on geological advanced detection, or a shield construction method. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in whole and/or in part in the context of other embodiments, which can supplement the present embodiment, without resulting in conflict or inconsistency.

According to a preferred embodiment, the method adopts a shield machine provided with the shield cutterhead of the invention to carry out shield construction, and adopts the detection device 200 on the shield cutterhead to carry out advanced detection on the front geological condition in the process of shield construction.

According to a preferred embodiment, the method adopts a shield machine provided with the shield cutterhead to carry out shield construction, and adopts a detection device on the shield cutterhead to carry out advanced detection on the front geological condition in the shield construction process.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary, and that those skilled in the art, having benefit of the present disclosure, may devise various arrangements that are within the scope of the present disclosure and that fall within the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present specification and figures are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A shield constructs cutter head of shield constructs machine based on geology is surveyed in advance, this shield constructs the cutter head and includes: a cutterhead body (100) for mounting cutters, a center cutter (300) and a detection device (200) for geological advanced detection,

the detection device (200) comprises a control module (210), an ultrasonic probe (220) and a first wireless communication module (230), wherein the ultrasonic probe (220) comprises a plurality of piezoelectric transducers (221) arranged in a matrix form, the control module (210) is configured to control the ultrasonic probe (220) to transmit ultrasonic waves through any one piezoelectric transducer (221),

the control module (210) acquires ultrasonic echo signals generated by ultrasonic echoes reflected by a front soil body and received by at least three piezoelectric transducers (221) in the piezoelectric transducers (221) which are not used for sending ultrasonic waves of the ultrasonic probe (220), the control module (210) can transmit the ultrasonic echo signals to a second wireless communication module which is arranged on a part of a shield machine in a non-rotating state relative to a control room of the shield machine when a shield cutter head rotates after acquiring the ultrasonic echo signals,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

a first mounting part (110) for mounting the central knife (300) is arranged in the middle of the front surface of the cutter head body (100),

the center knife (300) comprises a mounting seat (310) matched with the first mounting part (110), at least part of the mounting seat (310) is embedded in the first mounting part (110) when the center knife (300) is mounted in place at the first mounting part (110),

the back of blade disc body (100) with region relative to mount pad (310) is equipped with second installation department (120) that is used for providing installation space for detecting device (200), second installation department (120) orientation one side of first installation department (110) through showing that the thin wall that has strengthened elasticity is regional (180) with first installation department (110) separate each other, make keeping away from of second installation department (120) the positive one side of blade disc body (100) is fixed under the condition of detecting device (200), by the data that at least three piezoelectric transducer (221) that the matrix form of ultrasonic probe (220) was arranged gathered can generally only receive and come from the relevant interference of drive power of blade disc connector (160).

2. A shield constructs cutter head of shield constructs machine based on geology is surveyed in advance, this shield constructs the cutter head and includes: a detection device (200) that is used for cutter head body (100), central sword (300) of installation cutter and is used for geology advanced detection, its characterized in that, the positive middle part position of cutter head body (100) is equipped with and is used for the installation first installation department (110) of central sword (300), central sword (300) include with mount pad (310) of first installation department (110) adaptation, central sword (300) are when first installation department (110) is installed to target in place at least part of mount pad (310) is inlayed and is in first installation department (110), the back of cutter head body (100) with the region that mount pad (310) is relative is equipped with second installation department (120) that are used for providing installation space for detection device (200), do not communicate between first installation department (110) and second installation department (120) and mean that first installation department (110) and second installation department (120) are in from this cutter head between first installation department (110) and second installation department (120) The front of the body (100) is to the direction at the back by the partial material of blade disc body (100) totally separate each other, and the partial material of the blade disc body (100) of keeping apart first installation department (110) and second installation department (120) is at the thickness of the direction from the front to the back of blade disc body (100) 20~30mm, first installation department (110) include columniform center groove (111), from center groove (111) along two first anti-rotation groove (112) and second anti-rotation groove (114) of the radial outside extension of center groove (111), be equipped with on blade disc body (100) along spoke (130) the extending direction interval arrangement be used for installing a plurality of hobbing cutter installation position (170) of hobbing cutter, hobbing cutter installation position (170) are for running through the through-hole to the back of blade disc body (100) from the front of blade disc body (100), and the one end that the relative close to center groove (111) of second anti-rotation groove (114) is linked together with first anti-rotation groove (112), the other end of the second anti-rotation groove (114), which is relatively far away from the central groove (111), is communicated with a hob mounting position (170) on the spoke (130), which is closest to the central groove (111), a connecting plate (313) is connected to the cutterhead body (100) through a bolt to fix the central knife (300), the bolt for fixing the central knife (300) can be mounted in the hob mounting position (170) on the spoke (130), which is closest to the central groove (111), in a hidden manner in a mode of being perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the rotation axis of the cutterhead body (100), and the mounting seat (310) comprises two first anti-rotation bosses (311) and two connecting plates (313);

wherein, when the center blade (300) is mounted in place at the first mounting portion (110), the first anti-rotation boss (311) is embedded and clamped in the first anti-rotation groove (112) so that the side wall of the first anti-rotation boss (311) and the first anti-rotation groove (112) are abutted against each other to form a first force transmission structure (K1), and the connecting plate (313) is embedded in the second anti-rotation groove (114) to enable the side wall of the connecting plate (313) and the second anti-rotation groove (114) to abut against each other to form a second force transmission structure (K2), when the shield cutterhead performs shield operation, dynamically-changed external force applied to the central cutter (300) by front soil can be directly dispersed and applied to the structure of the cutterhead body (100) from different positions of the cutterhead body (100) at least through a first force transmission structure (K1) and a second force transmission structure (K2) which are formed in the radial direction of the cutterhead body (100) and have different distances from the center of the cutterhead body (100);

on a projection plane perpendicular to the direction of the rotation axis of the cutter head body (100), the outer contour projection line of the first mounting part (110) completely surrounds the outer contour projection line of the second mounting part (120), and the projection area of the central groove (111) of the first mounting part (110) is 9-25 times of the projection area of the second mounting part (120), so that when the central knife (300) applies partial material external force to the cutter head body (100) for separating the first mounting part (110) from the second mounting part (120), the second mounting part (120) can integrally move backwards in the rear direction of the first mounting part (110) to reduce the possibility that the detection device (200) arranged in the second mounting part (120) is damaged.

3. The shield cutterhead according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the detection device (200) comprises a control module (210), an ultrasonic probe (220) and a first wireless communication module (230), the ultrasonic probe (220) comprises a plurality of piezoelectric transducers (221) arranged in a matrix form, the control module (210) is configured to control the ultrasonic probe (220) to transmit ultrasonic waves through any one of the piezoelectric transducers (221), then the control module (210) obtains an ultrasonic echo signal generated by an ultrasonic echo of a front soil body received by at least three piezoelectric transducers (221) of the piezoelectric transducers (221) which do not transmit ultrasonic waves, of the ultrasonic probe (220), and the ultrasonic echo signal is transmitted by the control module (210) through the first wireless communication module (230) to a second wireless communication module (230) installed on a part which is in a non-rotating state relative to a control chamber of the shield tunneling machine when the shield cutterhead rotates Two wireless communication modules;

the control module (210) is capable of generating three-dimensional imaging data based at least in part on the processing of the ultrasonic echo signals received by the at least three piezoelectric transducers (221), and the control module (210) is capable of generating the three-dimensional imaging data based at least in part on the processing of the ultrasonic echo signals received by the at least three piezoelectric transducers (221) by aperture synthesis of the ultrasonic echo signals received by the at least three piezoelectric transducers (221) to generate three-dimensional imaging data indicative of geology of a region of different depths in front of the shield cutterhead.

4. The shield cutterhead according to claim 3, further comprising an ultrasonic detection module including at least sixteen piezoelectric transducers (221) arranged in a matrix, wherein the control module (210) enables any one of the piezoelectric transducers (221) to generate ultrasonic waves, the control module (210) is capable of selectively acquiring ultrasonic echo signals generated by ultrasonic echoes of the ultrasonic probe (220) not received by nine of the piezoelectric transducers (221) transmitting ultrasonic waves and reflected by the front soil body,

the control module (210) randomly divides at least nine piezoelectric transducers (221) into at least three groups, each group comprises three piezoelectric transducers (221), the control module (210) respectively generates three-dimensional imaging data to be verified based on ultrasonic echo signals collected by the three piezoelectric transducers (221) of each group to generate at least three groups of three-dimensional imaging data, the control module (210) compares the three groups of three-dimensional imaging data to identify common characteristic parts of three-dimensional images corresponding to the three groups of three-dimensional imaging data in the same region, and marks the occurrence times of the common characteristic parts in the three groups of three-dimensional imaging data to reflect the confidence degrees of the corresponding common characteristic parts.

5. The shield tunneling cutterhead according to claim 4, wherein the cutterhead body (100) includes two spokes (130) arranged at an included angle with each other, at least two tool holders (140) are arranged on two sides of each spoke (130) at intervals along the radial direction of the spoke (130), the tool holders (140) are used for mounting cutters (400), the distances from the tool holders (140) on the two spokes (130) to the rotation center of the cutterhead body (100) are different from each other so that the cutters (400) mounted on the two spokes (130) cooperate to cut the soil ahead, and the cutting ranges of the cutters (400) on the different spokes (130) are complementary to each other to reduce the cutting dead angle.

6. The shield cutterhead according to claim 5, wherein the cutter seat (140) is provided on the front face of the cutterhead body (100) and the cutter seat (140) extends towards the heading direction of the shield cutterhead, the cutter seat (140) is provided with a counter cutter groove (141), the cutter (400) comprises a pair of cutter edges (410) matched with the counter cutter groove (141), the counter cutter groove (141) comprises a vertical face (1411) and an inclined bearing surface (1412), the vertical face (1411) and the bearing surface (1412) are arranged at an acute angle to each other so that the pair of cutter edges (410) and the counter cutter groove (141) are engaged with each other when the cutter (400) is installed, and thus the external force applied to the cutter (400) along the circumferential direction of the shield cutterhead is at least partially transmitted to the cutterhead body (100) through one of the vertical face (1411) and the bearing surface (1412).

7. The shield cutterhead according to claim 6, wherein at least one clamping groove (1413) is formed in the bearing surface (1412), a clamping block (411) which is matched with the clamping groove (1413) is correspondingly arranged at a position of the cutting knife (400) which is contacted with the bearing surface (1412), and the cutting knife (400) at least partially transmits external force applied to the cutting knife (400) along the radial direction of the shield cutterhead to the cutterhead body (100) through the clamping block (411) and the clamping groove (1413) which are matched with each other.

8. The shield cutterhead of claim 7, wherein the shield cutterhead is stationary or rotating during geological advanced detection, the shield cutterhead includes a relatively non-rotating installation body (700), the detection device (200) is indirectly arranged in the second installation part (120) through the relatively non-rotating installation body (700), the connection disc (161) can be driven by a driving mechanism installed on the frame of the shield machine to rotate relative to the frame of the shield machine, the relatively non-rotating installation body (700) is fixedly connected with the frame of the shield machine by a rotation stopping rod (800) extending from the frame of the shield machine, when the shield cutterhead is driven by the driving mechanism to rotate relative to the frame of the shield machine, the relatively non-rotating installation body (700) is in a non-rotating state relative to the frame of the shield machine under the action of the rotation stopping rod (800), the detection device (200) arranged in the relatively non-rotating installation body (700) can perform geological advanced detection in a non-rotating state relative to a frame of the shield tunneling machine in a position space between the front surface and the back surface of the cutterhead body (100) under the working condition that the shield tunneling machine is in rotation.

9. A shield construction method of a shield machine based on geological advanced detection, which is characterized in that the shield construction is carried out by adopting the shield cutter head according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and in the process of shield construction, a detection device on the shield cutter head is adopted to carry out advanced detection on the geological condition in front.