JP7256093B2 - Exploration system, shield excavator and exploration method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an exploration system, a shield excavator, and an exploration method for calculating a distance to an unexcavated area outside the shield excavator.

With closed-type shield excavators that build underground tunnels, the entire excavation surface is covered with the excavator, making it impossible to visually confirm the condition of the ground, making it difficult to detect signs of face collapse. Therefore, construction is carried out while maintaining the set face pressure calculated based on soil cover and geological survey data.

In practice, excavation is performed while appropriately adjusting the set pressure based on operational data such as the thrust of the shield excavator and the rotational torque of the cutter, and measurement results such as excavated soil volume and ground surface displacement. However, the operating data of the shield excavator is only an indirect index for judging soil quality changes. It was difficult to evaluate the deviation from the appropriate face pressure. Therefore, observation of the displacement of the ground surface, buried objects, and adjacent structures is also conducted to evaluate the deviation, but since there is a time lag before the deformation appears on the ground surface, etc., subsidence or There was a possibility of causing upheaval.

Therefore, for example, it has been proposed to mount an electromagnetic wave radar on the cutter head and directly measure the ground condition in the vicinity of the shield excavator (see Patent Document 1). However, since the electromagnetic wave radar described in Patent Document 1 is attached to the cutter head outside the machine, the shield excavator is in muddy water (or muddy soil) under pressure after it starts. It was not possible to change the position, etc.

JP-A-08-278371

Therefore, the present invention provides an exploration system, a shield excavator, and a shield excavator that can calculate the distance to an unexcavated area outside the shield excavator by attaching a transmitter/receiver or adjusting the position even after starting the machine. The purpose is to provide an exploration method.

This invention is attached to the inside of a steel member that constitutes the outer shell and bulkhead in the body of a shield excavator, and transmits sound waves toward the outside of the machine and receives reflected waves reflected outside the machine. A transmitter/receiver and a calculator for calculating an excavation range in the ground based on at least information received by the transmitter/receiver are provided. Based on a first time, a second time for the sound wave to propagate through the steel member, and a propagation speed, which is the speed at which the sound wave propagates through the excavated soil, An exploration system for calculating a distance to an unexcavated area, and a shield excavator equipped with the exploration system.

In addition, in the body of a shield excavator, a transmitter/receiver attached to the inside of a steel member constituting an outer shell or a partition wall transmits sound waves to the outside of the machine, and also transmits sound waves to the outside of the machine. a first time from receiving a wave and transmitting said sound wave to receiving said reflected wave; a second time for said sound wave to propagate through said steel member; and a speed at which said sound wave propagates through excavated soil. The method is characterized by calculating a distance to an unexcavated area in the ground outside the shield excavator based on a certain propagation speed.

The shield excavator may be a mud pressure type shield excavator such as an earth pressure balance type, a mud addition type, an earth pressure hydration type, or a mud pressure type shield excavator. There may be.
The transceiver may be an integrated transceiver having a transmission function for transmitting sound waves and a reception function for receiving sound waves, or a transmitter for transmitting sound waves and a receiver for receiving sound waves may be configured separately. good. Moreover, the transmitter/receiver may be one unit, or a plurality of units may be used together.

The propagation speed, which is the speed at which the sound wave propagates through the excavated soil, may be a preset propagation speed like the propagation speed at which the sound wave propagates through the soil of a construction site excavated by test drilling or the like, or may be excavated by construction. It may be the propagation speed propagating through the excavated soil or the speed of sound.
The unexcavated region refers to a region where the natural ground is not loosened, except for a portion where the natural ground is loosened and an overcut portion due to excavation by the cutting bit.

According to the present invention, the distance to an unexcavated area outside the shield excavator can be calculated by attaching the transmitter/receiver or adjusting the position even after starting.
In detail, sound waves are transmitted outside the machine from a transmitter and receiver attached inside the steel members that make up the outer shell and bulkheads of the body of the shield excavator, and are reflected in an unexcavated area outside the machine. a computing unit that receives the reflected waves and computes an excavation range in the ground based on at least the information received by the transmitter/receiver, and the computing unit receives the reflected waves after transmitting the sound waves. , a second time for the sound wave to propagate through the steel member, and a propagation speed, which is the speed at which the sound wave propagates through the excavated soil. Since the distance to the unexcavated area in the ground is calculated, the size of the over-excavated area, such as a portion loosened due to excavation outside the machine and an over-excavated area, can be grasped. Therefore, the presence or absence of signs of landslide is evaluated.

In addition, since the transmitter/receiver is installed inside the shield excavator, it is possible to flexibly cope with maintenance such as inspection and replacement of the transmitter/receiver during construction, and change of the mounting position of the transmitter/receiver.

In addition, with the above configuration, the distance to an unexcavated area outside the shield excavator can be calculated without requiring a special structure for the shield excavator for measurement by the transmitter and receiver and attachment of the transmitter. can do.

As for special structures, there are windows and holes for direct contact of the transmitter and receiver with excavated soil and unexcavated areas, or water stop structures for them. For example, the waveguide material is incorporated into a steel member.

As an aspect of this invention, the sound wave may be a pulse wave.
According to this invention, it is possible to accurately calculate the distance to an unexcavated area outside the shield excavator by transmitting/receiving the pulse wave with the transmitter/receiver.

As an aspect of the present invention, the propagation speed may be the propagation speed in excavated soil excavated by the shield excavator.
The excavated soil may be excavated soil in a chamber, discharged excavated soil, or excavated soil transported in a pipe such as an earth removal pipe.

According to the present invention, the distance to an unexcavated area outside the shield excavator can be calculated with higher accuracy.
Specifically, based on the propagation speed at which the sound wave propagates through the excavated soil excavated by construction, the distance to the unexcavated area outside the shield excavator is calculated. It can be calculated with higher accuracy than when calculated based on the propagation velocity.

Further, as an aspect of the present invention, the transmitter/receiver is attached to the bulkhead and configured to transmit the sound wave forward, and the computing unit rotates in front of the body portion and is a cutter portion that excavates. The propagation speed may be calculated based on a third time during which the sound wave propagates through the excavated soil taken into the chamber between the partition and the distance between the cutter and the partition.

According to the present invention, the distance to the unexcavated area outside the shield excavator is calculated based on the propagation speed of the excavated soil in the chamber, which is closer to the ground condition outside the machine. It can be calculated with precision.

Note that the computing unit for calculating the propagation speed based on the third time and the distance between the cutter portion and the partition is configured to calculate the shielding speed based on the first time, the second time, and the propagation speed. The computing unit may be the same as the computing unit that calculates the distance to the unexcavated area outside the excavator, or may be a different computing unit.

As an aspect of the present invention, mounting means may be provided for mounting the transmitter/receiver to the inside of the steel member so that the sound wave transmitted/received by the transmitter/receiver easily propagates through the steel member.
The mounting means may be a mounting base that can be screwed or a magnet-type mounting jig that is pressed against and mounted on the steel member in the shield excavator so as to be in close contact therewith. In this case, the pressing reaction force against the steel member may be about several hundred kN. Further, the attachment means may be constructed such that a gel-like attachment material is interposed between the steel member and the transmitter/receiver to bring them into close contact with each other.

According to the present invention, the distance to an unexcavated area outside the shield excavator can be reliably calculated with high accuracy.
More specifically, by attaching the transceiver to the inside of the steel member by the attachment means, the sound waves transmitted and received by the transceiver can easily propagate through the steel member. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of a problem such as a gap between the shield excavator and the steel member, and to accurately and reliably calculate the distance to the unexcavated area outside the shield excavator.

Further, as an aspect of the present invention, the transmitter/receiver is attached to the inside of the steel member and transmits the sound wave toward the outside of the machine, and the transmitter is attached to the inside of the steel member, It may be configured separately from a receiver for receiving the reflected wave reflected outside the aircraft.
According to this invention, even during construction, it is possible to easily adjust the positions of the transmitter and the receiver in the machine to positions where it is easier to transmit and receive sound waves.

According to the present invention, the present invention provides an exploration system capable of calculating the distance to an unexcavated area outside the shield excavator by attaching a transmitter/receiver or adjusting the position even after starting the excavator. An excavator and exploration method can be provided.

Schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a mud pressure shield excavator in the ground. AA arrow view in FIG. Schematic block diagram of the exploration system. Schematic sectional drawing explaining the measuring method of the distance to the unexcavated area by an exploration system. Explanatory drawing explaining the measuring method of the propagation speed of the excavated soil in a chamber by an exploration system. Schematic longitudinal sectional view of a mud pressurized shield excavator. FIG. 7 is a view along line BB in FIG. 6 and a schematic diagram for explaining a method of measuring the propagation speed of excavated soil in the fluid transport pipe by the exploration system;

An embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. FIG.
1 shows a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the mud pressure shield excavator 1 in the ground, FIG. 2 shows a view along arrow AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. there is FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the method of measuring the distance to the natural ground X by the exploration system 100, and _FIG . Figure shows.

Specifically, FIG. 5(a) shows the orientation of the cutter head 10 (spokes 13) when measuring the propagation speed _CM of the excavated soil in the chamber 40 by the exploration system 100. It is an arrow view. FIG. 5(b) shows an enlarged view of part a in _FIG .
1, the side of the cutter head 10 with respect to the front barrel 20, which will be described later, is the front F, and the side of the rear barrel 30 with respect to the front barrel 20 is the rear B. As shown in FIG.

A mud pressure shield excavator 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a mud pressure shield excavator of a post-bending, cylinder push type. The earth pressure type shield excavator 1 cuts the natural ground X with a rotating cutter head 10 while injecting additives such as bentonite, and the thrust of the earth pressure type shield excavator 1 against the earth pressure of the face and the amount of earth discharged. Excavate while balancing the soil pressure. The mud pressure shield excavator 1 is composed of a cutter head 10, a front body 20, and a rear body 30 from the front F to the rear B, and has a circular shape when viewed from the side.

The cutter head 10 is composed of a radially outer ring portion 11 and a plurality of spokes 13 connecting the ring portion 11 and the central shaft portion 12 in the radial direction. A plurality of cutting bits 14 are provided. The plurality of cutting bits 14 are adjusted in position from the center of the cutter head 10 at the spokes 13 and can cut the entire surface of the rotating cutter head 10 .

Furthermore, a fishtail 15 is provided in front F of the central shaft portion 12 . Although not shown, the cutter head 10 configured in this way is provided with an injection port for injecting the additive material at the front F of the cutter head 10 .

The front body 20 is composed of an inverted cylindrical steel skin plate 21 and a partition wall 22 provided at a position that extends a predetermined amount rearward B from the front end F of the skin plate 21 . . A chamber 40 is formed in the space in front F of the partition wall 22 and in the rear B of the cutter head 10 .

The central shaft portion 12 of the cutter head 10 penetrates through the center of the partition wall 22 in a side view, and a plurality of motors 23 for rotating the cutter head 10 are concentrically arranged around the central shaft portion 12 .
Further, a screw conveyor 24 is provided that is connected to the lower side of the partition wall 22 and extends to the rear of the rear drum 30 . The screw conveyor 24 penetrates the partition wall 22 at the front F and is inclined upward from the front F toward the rear B. As shown in FIG. The screw conveyor 24 is internally provided with a shafted screw 241 whose forward end F extends to the chamber 40 .

A plurality of center-folding jacks 25 are provided inside the skin plate 21 .
A plurality of the folding jacks 25 are arranged in the circumferential direction in such a manner that the front F is pivotally supported on the rear B of the partition wall 22 and the rear B is pivotally supported on the front F of the rear trunk 30 to be described later. A jack for adjusting the orientation of the front barrel 20 with respect to the rear barrel 30 depending on the amount.
Further, above the partition wall 22, a hatch 27 is provided which communicates with a chamber 40 which is outside the machine when opened, and which is hermetically sealed.

The rear barrel 30 has a skin plate 31, which is a cylindrical steel member in which the segments S are assembled, and an erector 32 for assembling the segments S divided into a plurality of pieces at the front F. Further, the rear barrel 30 is provided with a plurality of stages of tail brushes 33 extending in the front-rear direction on the inner peripheral surface of the rear B of the skin plate 31 to fill the gap with the outer surface of the assembled S.

In addition, a plurality of propelling jacks 34 are provided inside the skin plate 31 .
The propulsion jack 34 is a jack that is pressed against the front F end surface of the segment S assembled inside the rear fuselage 30 to advance the mud pressure shield excavator 1 forward F by using the segment S as a reaction force. A plurality of them are arranged at predetermined intervals in the direction. It should be noted that the propulsion jack 34 may be provided on the front barrel 20 .

At the rear B of the mud pressure shield excavator 1 configured in this way, a trailing carriage is provided inside the assembled segment S, and a track on which a muck carriage for carrying out the excavated soil discharged from the screw conveyor 24 runs. etc. are provided. Appropriate devices and facilities such as a shape retaining device for securing the roundness of the assembled segment S and ventilation equipment may be provided.

The earth pressure type shield excavator 1 configured in this manner rotates the cutter head 10 while injecting additive material from an injection port (not shown) toward the face, and cuts the ground X with the rotating cutting bit 14 .

The excavated soil cut by the cutting bit 14 is agitated in the chamber 40 and taken into the machine from the screw conveyor 24 by the shafted screw 241 extending to the inside of the chamber 40 . The excavated soil discharged from the screw conveyor 24 is carried out of the tunnel by a muck truck.

In addition, the excavated soil discharged from the screw conveyor 24 can be carried out not only by the muck cart, but also by installing a belt conveyor, a pressure feed pump connected to a pressure feed pipe (soil discharge pipe), etc. behind the screw conveyor 24. You may carry out by a conveyer or a pressure feed pipe.

As the cutter head 10 excavates the ground X, the extension of the propulsion jack 34 is controlled, and the assembled segment S is used as a reaction force to advance the mud pressure shield excavator 1 . When the mud pressure shield excavator 1 advances by the ring length of the segment S, cutting of the segment S by the cutter head 10 is stopped, and the segment S is assembled by assembling a plurality of divided pieces with an erector 32 inside the rear body 30. Finalize.

The mud pressure shield excavator 1 excavates by repeating such construction as one cycle. When the ground X is excavated by the cutter head 10, the face is usually cut along the trajectory of the cutting bit 14 (see the trajectory line L shown in FIG. 1). However, depending on the geological condition of the natural ground X, for example, extra excavation may occur beyond the trajectory of the cutting bit 14 . In this way, when excessive excavation is performed beyond the trajectory of the cutting bit 14, a loosened portion Xa such as a portion loosened due to excavation or an overcut portion is formed in the upper portion of the mud pressure shield excavator 1 or the like. Sometimes.

If the slack part Xa becomes large, the face may collapse, so the size of the slack part Xa is formed outside the earth pressure shield excavator 1 which is a closed type and cannot be seen from inside the earth pressure shield excavator 1. It is important to understand Therefore, the exploration system 100 for exploring the slack portion Xa will be described below.

The exploration system 100, as shown in FIG. 3, comprises a plurality of transceivers 101 called sonars, a multiplexer 102, a preamplifier 103, a pulser receiver 104, and a personal computer 105 (hereinafter referred to as PC 105).
A multiplexer 102 is connected to a plurality of transceivers 101 , preamplifiers 103 and pulser receivers 104 .

The preamplifier 103 is connected to the multiplexer 102 and the pulser receiver 104 , amplifies the received wave signal R transmitted from the multiplexer 102 , and transmits the amplified signal to the pulser receiver 104 .
The pulser receiver 104 is connected to the multiplexer 102 and the preamplifier 103 and to the PC 105 .

More specifically, the transmitter/receiver 101 (101a, 101b) is attached to the skin plate 21 and the partition wall 22, as shown in FIGS. Send. Further, the transmitter/receiver 101 (101a, 101b) is configured to receive a reflected wave reflected by the interface Xb between the slack portion Xa and the natural ground X or the like.

Specifically, the transmitter/receiver 101a is attached to the inner upper portion of the bulkhead 22 of the mud pressure shield excavator 1, and transmits forward F a transmission wave that is a pulse wave. Further, the transmitter/receiver 101a receives a reflected wave, which is a pulse wave reflected by the ground X in front F or the back surface of the spoke 13 of the cutter head 10. FIG.

Further, the transmitter/receiver 101b is attached to the upper portion of the inner peripheral surface of the skin plate 21 and transmits a transmission wave, which is a pulse wave, toward the slack portion Xa formed in the upper portion of the front F of the front barrel 20. As shown in FIG. Further, the transmitter/receiver 101b receives a reflected wave, which is a pulse wave reflected at the boundary surface Xb between the loose portion Xa and the natural ground X. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of transmitters/receivers 101b are provided at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction.

In this way, the transmitter/receiver 101 attached to the inner surface of the partition wall 22 and the skin plate 21 is attached in close contact with the inner surface of the partition wall 22 and the inner peripheral surface of the skin plate 21 without any gap. .
Therefore, the mounting surface of the transmitter/receiver 101 is formed so as to conform to the shape of the internal side surface of the partition wall 22 and the inner peripheral surface of the skin plate 21 . The transmitter/receiver 101 is attached to the partition wall 22 and the skin plate 21 using a mounting base (not shown) that can be screwed or a magnetic mounting jig (not shown) so that a reaction force of about several hundred kN is generated. . A gel-like sheet (not shown) may be interposed between the internal side surface of the partition wall 22 or the inner peripheral surface of the skin plate 21 and the transmitter/receiver 101 for attachment.

The multiplexer 102 transmits a pulse ultrasonic wave signal T to the plurality of connected transmitters/receivers 101, and transmits a pulse ultrasonic wave signal R received by the transmitter/receiver 101 to the preamplifier 103. is configured as Note that the multiplexer 102 is also called a multiplexer, a multiplexer, a multiplexer, or a multiplexer.

The pulsar receiver 104 is connected to the PC 105 and is configured to generate a pulse wave as the transmission wave signal T and transmit it to the multiplexer 102 under the control of the PC 105 . Also, the pulser receiver 104 is configured to transmit to the PC 105 the received wave signal R, which is a pulse wave transmitted from the multiplexer 102 and amplified by the preamplifier 103 .

Based on the transmission control information output to the pulsar receiver 104 and the received wave signal R transmitted from the pulsar receiver 104, the PC 105 determines the distance to the boundary surface Xb of the natural ground X outside the slack portion Xa and the excavated soil level. It functions as a calculator that calculates the propagation velocity.

The transmitter/receiver 101 of the exploration system 100 is arranged inside the earth pressure shield excavator 1 . In contrast, multiplexer 102, preamplifier 103, and pulser-receiver 104 may be located onboard or in a tunnel. In addition, the PC 105 may be placed not only inside the machine or inside the tunnel, but also in a control room outside the tunnel.

In the exploration system 100 configured as described above, the pulsar receiver 104 generates a transmission wave signal T, which is a pulse wave, and transmits it to the multiplexer 102 under transmission control of the PC 105 . The multiplexer 102 that receives the transmission wave signal T from the pulser receiver 104 transmits the transmission wave signal T to the plurality of transceivers 101 .

The transmitter/receiver 101a to which the transmission wave signal T is transmitted transmits a transmission wave, which is a pulse wave, toward the front F through the bulkhead 22 . Similarly, the transmitter/receiver 101b to which the transmission wave signal T is transmitted transmits the transmission wave to the outside of the front body 20 through the skin plate 21. FIG.

The acoustic impedance is different between the loosened portion Xa and the ground X solidified outside the loose portion Xa. Therefore, the transmission wave transmitted from the transmitter/receiver 101 passes through the slack portion Xa and is reflected at the boundary surface Xb between the slack portion Xa and the ground X. FIG. A reflected wave, which is a pulse wave reflected by the boundary surface Xb between the slack portion Xa and the ground X, is received by the transmitter/receiver 101 via the partition wall 22 and the skin plate 21 .

A reflected wave received by the transmitter/receiver 101 is transmitted as a received wave signal R to the multiplexer 102 , and the multiplexer 102 amplifies the transmitted received wave signal R by the preamplifier 103 and transmits it to the pulser receiver 104 . The PC 105 calculates the length of the slack portion Xa based on the received wave signal R transmitted from the pulser receiver 104 .

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4 , the PC 105 determines the distance from the skin plate 21 and the partition wall 22 based on the first time (t), the second time (passing time t _s ), and the propagation speed _CM . The distance to the natural ground X, that is, the length of the slack portion Xa (section length l _M ) is calculated.

Note that the first time (t) is the time from when the transmission wave, which is a pulse wave, is transmitted until when the reflected wave is received. The second time (transit time t _s ) is the time for the pulse wave (transmitted wave and reflected wave) to propagate through the skin plate 21 and the partition wall 22 . The propagation speed _CM is the speed at which the pulse wave (transmitted wave and reflected wave) propagates through the excavated soil.

More specifically, as shown in Equation 1, the first time (t) from the transmission of the transmitted wave, which is a pulse wave, to the reception of the reflected wave is the first time (t) for the pulse wave to propagate through the skin plate 21 and the partition walls 22. It can be represented by two hours (passage time t _s ) and a third time (passage time t _M ) during which the pulse wave propagates through the slack portion Xa,

となり、
緩み部Ｘａをパルス波が伝達する第３時間（通過時間ｔ_Ｍ）は、

becomes,
The third time (passing time t _M ) during which the pulse wave propagates through the slack portion Xa is

となる。

becomes.

Here, as shown in Equation 3, the length of the slack portion Xa (section length l _M ) is determined by the propagation speed C _M propagating the excavated soil in the slack portion Xa and the known thickness of the skin plate 21 and the partition wall 22. Based on l _S and the propagation speed c _S propagating through the skin plate 21 and the partition wall 22,

して算出することができる。

can be calculated as

The propagation speed _CM for propagating the excavated soil may be set in advance based on the soil quality of the construction site sampled by trial drilling or the like, or the propagation speed for propagating the excavated soil inside the chamber 40 may be used.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5(a), with the direction of the cutter head 10 in which the spoke 13 is positioned in front F of the transmitter/receiver 101a, as shown in FIG. 5(b), the transmitted wave from the transmitter/receiver 101a is sent to the front F through the bulkhead 22 . The transmission wave transmitted forward F through the partition wall 22 propagates through the excavated soil in the chamber 40, and the reflected wave reflected on the rear surface side of the spoke 13 is received by the transmitter/receiver 101a.

Then, as shown in Equation 1, a first time (t) from transmission of a pulse wave to reception of a reflected wave and a second time (passage time _ts ), the third time (transit time t _M ) is calculated. The third time (transit time t _M ) is the time during which the pulse wave propagates through the excavated soil inside the chamber 40 .

Then, the propagation speed C _M propagating the excavated soil inside the chamber 40 is determined by the known interval (section length l _M ) between the partition wall 22 and the spokes 13, the known thickness l _S of the partition wall 22, and the propagation speed C M of the partition wall 22. It can be calculated based on the propagation velocity _cS . In this way, the propagation speed C _M propagating through the excavated soil inside the chamber 40 may be used to calculate the length (section length l _M ) of the slack portion Xa.

As described above, the transmitter/receiver is attached to the skin plate 21 and the bulkhead 22 of the front body 20 of the mud pressure shield excavator 1, and transmits pulse waves to the outside of the machine and receives reflected waves reflected outside the machine. 101 is provided. Also, a PC 105 is provided for calculating the length (interval length l _M ) of the loose portion Xa in the ground based on at least the received wave signal R in the transmitter/receiver 101 .

Based on the first time (t), the transit time _ts , and the propagation speed _CM at which the pulse wave propagates through the excavated soil, the PC 105 determines the ground mass X outside the mud pressure shield excavator 1. Calculate the distance to The first time (t) is the time from when the pulse wave is transmitted until it is received as a reflected wave, and the transit time _ts is the time for the pulse wave to propagate through the skin plate 21 and the partition walls 22 .

In other words, the PC 105 can calculate the length (section length l _M ) of the slack portion Xa such as a portion loosened due to excavation or an overcut portion using the parameters described above, and can grasp the size of the slack portion Xa. can. Therefore, the presence or absence of signs of landslide can be evaluated.

In addition, since the transmitter/receiver 101 is installed inside the earth pressure type shield excavator 1, maintenance such as inspection and replacement of the transmitter/receiver 101, and change of the mounting position of the transmitter/receiver 101 can be flexibly performed even after the machine has started. be able to.

In addition, with the above configuration, measurement by the transmitter/receiver 101 and attachment of the transmitter/receiver 101 do not require a special structure, and the loosened portion Xa up to the underground rock X outside the mud pressure shield excavator 1 can be formed. The length (interval length l _M ) can be calculated. The special structures include windows and holes for bringing the transmitter/receiver 101 into direct contact with the excavated soil and the natural ground X, water stop structures for them, and materials for improving the transmission efficiency of sound waves. Incorporating a different waveguide material into the skin plate 21 or the partition wall 22 can be mentioned.

Further, since a pulse wave is transmitted and received as a sound wave, the pulse wave is transmitted and received by the transmitter/receiver 101, and the length (section length l _M ) of the slack portion Xa can be accurately calculated.
Further, since the calculation is performed using the propagation speed C _M in the excavated soil excavated by the mud pressure shield excavator 1, the length of the slack portion Xa (section length l _M ) can be calculated with higher accuracy.

Specifically, based on the propagation speed C _M at which the pulse wave propagates through the excavated soil excavated during construction, the length of the slack portion Xa (section length l _M ) is calculated based on the propagation speed set in advance. can be calculated more accurately than when calculating by

Further, the transmitter/receiver 101a is attached to the bulkhead 22, and a pulse wave is transmitted forward F. FIG. The PC 105 calculates the propagation velocity _CM based on the third time (transit time t _M ) and the known distance (section length l _M ) between the partition wall 22 and the spokes 13 . During the third time (passing time t _M ), the pulse wave propagates through the excavated soil taken into the chamber 40 between the cutter head 10 to be excavated and the partition wall 22 while rotating at the front F of the front barrel 20 . It is time to
Therefore, the length of the slack portion Xa (section length l _M ) can be calculated based on the propagation speed C _M of the excavated soil inside the chamber 40, which is closer to the ground condition outside the machine, and can be calculated with higher accuracy. can be done.

Further, since the transceiver 101 is attached in close contact with the skin plate 21 and the partition wall 22 so that the pulse wave can easily propagate through the skin plate 21 and the partition wall 22, the length of the slack portion Xa (section length l _M ) is set to It can be calculated reliably with high precision.

More specifically, by attaching the transmitter/receiver 101 in close contact with the skin plate 21 and the partition wall 22 , the pulse waves transmitted and received by the transmitter/receiver 101 can easily propagate through the skin plate 21 and the partition wall 22 . Therefore, for example, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a problem such as a gap between the transmitter/receiver 101 and the skin plate 21 or the partition wall 22, and to accurately and reliably calculate the length of the slack portion Xa (section length l _M ). be able to.

In correspondence with the configuration of the present invention and the above-described embodiment, the shield excavator of the present invention corresponds to the earth pressure type shield excavator 1,
and so on,
The torso part corresponds to the front torso 20,
The outer shell corresponds to the skin plate 21,
The partition corresponds to the partition 22,
The steel member corresponds to the skin plate 21 and the partition wall 22,
The transceiver corresponds to the transceiver 101,
The received information corresponds to the received wave signal R,
The excavation range corresponds to the slack part Xa,
The calculator corresponds to the personal computer 105 (PC 105),
the first time corresponds to the first time (t),
the second time corresponds to the second time (transit time t _s ),
The propagation velocity corresponds to the propagation velocity _CM ,
The unexcavated area corresponds to the natural ground X,
The exploration system corresponds to exploration system 100,
The front corresponds to the front F,
The cutter part corresponds to the cutter head 10,
the chamber corresponds to the chamber 40,
The third time corresponds to the third time (transit time t _M ), but
The present invention is not limited to the configurations of the above-described embodiments, and many embodiments can be obtained.

For example, in the above description, the transmitter/receiver 101 having the function of transmitting a pulse wave to the outside of the aircraft and the function of receiving the reflected wave reflected outside the aircraft was used. 22, a transmitter for transmitting a pulse wave to the outside of the aircraft and a receiver for receiving a reflected wave reflected outside the aircraft may be separately configured.

In addition, although the PC 105 calculated the propagation speed _CM at which the pulse _wave propagates through the excavated soil inside the chamber 40, A PC (computer) may be provided for calculating the propagation speed _CM at which the pulse wave propagates through the excavated soil.

In the above description, the search system 100 is composed of a plurality of transmitters/receivers 101, and multiplexers 102, preamplifiers 103, pulser receivers 104, and personal computers 105, which are separately configured. Alternatively, the multiplexer 102, the preamplifier 103, the pulser receiver 104 and the personal computer 105 of the exploration system 100 may be integrated. Furthermore, multiplexer 102, preamplifier 103 and pulser receiver 104 in exploration system 100 may be integrated.

The mud pressure type shield excavator 1 was a mud pressure type shield excavator, but as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, it may be a mud pressure type shield excavator 1a.
6 shows a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the mud pressurized shield excavator 1a, FIG. 7(a) shows a BB arrow view in FIG. 6, and FIG. 7(b) shows fluid transportation by the exploration system 100. 6 shows a cross-sectional view for explaining a method of measuring the propagation speed _CM of the excavated soil in the pipe 60. FIG.

The mud pressurized shield excavator 1a shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 mixes water with the excavated soil excavated by the cutter head 10 against the rock X, which is soft ground, and applies pressure to prevent the face from collapsing. It is a shield excavator that excavates. In the mud pressurized shield excavator 1a, the same reference numerals are assigned to the components that perform the same functions as the mud pressure shield excavator 1, and the description thereof will be omitted.

Unlike the mud pressure type shield excavator 1 that discharges the excavated soil by a screw conveyor 24 and carries out the excavated soil by a muck truck or the like that runs on the track at the rear B, the mud pressure type shield excavator 1a replaces the screw conveyor 24. 7, a mud-sending pipe 28 for sending mud from a fluid-transporting pipe 60 (see FIG. 7(b)) to the working face, and a mud-draining pipe 29 for discharging excavated soil together with the mud from the chamber 40 to the fluid-transporting pipe 60 are provided. there is

In the mud pressure shield excavator 1a, a transceiver 101 is attached to the bulkhead 22 and the skin plate 21 in the same manner as the mud pressure shield excavator 1 described above, and the distance between the slack portion Xa and the natural ground X is extended to the boundary surface Xb. The distance, that is, the size of the slack portion Xa can be detected.

In contrast to the above-described mud pressure shield excavator 1 in which the propagation speed _CM propagating through the excavated soil is calculated using the reflected wave reflected by the back surface of the spoke 13 in the chamber 40, the mud pressure shield excavator 1a is similar. You may calculate the propagation velocity _CM which propagates by the method of.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7B, a transmitter 106 that transmits pulse waves to the fluid transport pipe 60 and a receiver 107 that receives pulse waves are arranged to face each other. A pulse wave is transmitted from the transmitter 106 arranged in this manner to the muddy water passing through the fluid transport pipe 60, received by the receiver 107, and the propagation speed _CM at which the muddy water discharged from the fluid transport pipe 60 propagates is calculated. can be calculated.

Of course, the transmitter/receiver 101 may be attached to the fluid transport pipe 60 so as to receive the reflected wave reflected by the inner peripheral surface of the opposing portion of the fluid transport pipe 60 . Furthermore, a transmitter 106 and a receiver 107 are placed facing each other on a belt conveyor and a pressure feed pipe installed behind the screw conveyor 24 in the mud pressure shield excavator 1, and the propagation speed _CM at which excavated soil is conveyed is measured. may be calculated.
In addition to the mud pressure type shield excavator 1 and the mud pressure type shield excavator 1a, a TBM or the like may be used as long as it is a closed type.

Further, although the transmitter/receiver 101 was attached to the skin plate 21 and the partition wall 22 of the earth pressure shield excavator 1 by using a screw or a magnet-type attachment jig, an adhesive gel-like attachment material was interposed. The transmitter/receiver 101 may be attached so as to be in close contact with each other.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Mud pressure type shield excavator 1a... Mud pressure type shield excavator 10... Cutter head 20... Front trunk 21... Skin plate 22... Partition wall 40... Chamber 100... Exploration system 101... Transmitter/receiver 105... Personal computer (PC)
F... Advance side R... Received wave signal X... Ground Xa... Slack part C _M ... Propagation speed t _M , t _s ... Passing time

Claims (11)

a transmitter/receiver that is attached to the inside of the steel members that make up the outer shell and bulkhead in the body of the shield excavator, transmits sound waves toward the outside of the machine, and receives reflected waves that are reflected outside the machine;
a calculator for calculating an excavation range in the ground based on at least the information received by the transmitter/receiver;
The computing unit
a first time from transmitting the sound wave to receiving the reflected wave;
a second time for the sound wave to propagate through the steel member;
Based on the propagation speed, which is the speed at which the sound wave propagates through the excavated soil,
An exploration system for calculating a distance to an unexcavated area outside the shield excavator. 2. The exploration system of claim 1, wherein said sound waves are pulse waves. The exploration system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the propagation speed is the propagation speed in excavated soil excavated by the shield excavator. The transceiver is attached to the bulkhead and configured to transmit the sound waves forward,
The calculator is
a third time during which the sound wave propagates through the excavated soil taken into the chamber between the cutter portion rotating and excavating in front of the body portion and the partition wall; and a distance between the cutter portion and the partition wall. 4. The exploration system of claim 3, wherein the velocity of propagation is calculated based on: 5. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising mounting means for mounting said transmitter/receiver inside said steel member so that said sound wave transmitted/received by said transmitter/receiver can easily propagate through said steel member. exploration system. The transceiver is
a transmitter attached to the inside of the steel member and transmitting the sound wave toward the outside of the machine;
6. The exploration system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the receiver is attached inside the steel member and configured separately from a receiver for receiving the reflected wave reflected outside the aircraft. 7. A shield excavator in the exploration system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said transceiver is mounted inboard of said steel member. In the body of the shield excavator, a transmitter and receiver attached to the inside of the steel members that make up the outer shell and bulkhead transmit sound waves toward the outside of the machine, and receive the reflected waves reflected outside the machine,
a first time from transmitting the sound wave to receiving the reflected wave;
a second time for the sound wave to propagate through the steel member;
Based on the propagation speed, which is the speed at which the sound wave propagates through the excavated soil,
An exploration method for calculating a distance to an underground unexcavated area outside the shield excavator. The exploration method according to claim 8, wherein the sound waves are pulse waves. The exploration method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the propagation speed is the propagation speed in excavated soil excavated by the shield excavator. transmitting the sound wave forward from the transceiver attached to the bulkhead;
a third time during which the sound wave propagates through the excavated soil taken into the chamber between the cutter portion rotating and excavating in front of the body portion and the partition wall; and a distance between the cutter portion and the partition wall. 11. The exploration method according to claim 10, wherein the propagation speed is calculated based on.

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