CN110405205A - A kind of laser processing device and method - Google Patents
A kind of laser processing device and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110405205A CN110405205A CN201910576274.8A CN201910576274A CN110405205A CN 110405205 A CN110405205 A CN 110405205A CN 201910576274 A CN201910576274 A CN 201910576274A CN 110405205 A CN110405205 A CN 110405205A
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- printout
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229940098458 powder spray Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
- B22F12/33—Platforms or substrates translatory in the deposition plane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
- B22F12/37—Rotatable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
- B22F12/43—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam pulsed; frequency modulated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
- B22F12/63—Rollers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
A kind of laser processing device and method by powder jet by metal powder spray feed to powder room, are realized in powder room the compacting of powder and are uniformly distributed for metal material selective laser sintering by the reciprocal horizontal rolling of pressure roller；Laser beam reflexes to two-dimensional scanning mirrors through removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors, the laser beam of two-dimensional scanning mirrors output is scanned the section track after 3D printing model hierarchy slicing with main control unit, by sintering accumulation in layer until obtaining final complete printout；Main control unit controls 3-D scanning vibration mirror scanning and motor rotates, and makes to irradiate constant in the defocusing amount of the laser beam of each point on printout surface；To set the laser irradiation that printout whole surface is completed in track, the coloring to printout whole surface is realized, without adding any pigment, laser is directly coloured.By the online surface irradiation to metal material selective laser sintering and moulding part, integrated metal material colour 3D printing is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser processing device and its methods, belong to metal material colour 3D printing technique field.
Background technique
Laser has good directionality, monochromaticjty, coherence and high brightness, and laser beam is easy to transmit, meanwhile, laser
Heat affected area and thermal deformation are small in process, belong to contactless, it is easy to accomplish automation.Therefore, laser processing is ground
Study carefully and apply and obtains extensive concern.
3D printing is a kind of emerging forming technique, and core is that the complicated 3D body of required shaping workpiece is passed through slice
Processing is converted into the combination in the simple section 2D, according to the Computer Aided Design Model of workpiece, by 3D printing equipment, along
Short transverse layer by layer deposition material, forms a series of sections 2D thin slice of workpiece, and makes to be mutually bonded between lamella and lamella,
Finally it is piled into 3 D workpiece.Currently, 3D printing technique develop rapidly, mainly include Stereolithography, fused glass pellet,
Laminated solid body processing, three dimensional printing etc..Existing 3D printing technique can effectively realize the molding of metal material, but molded part is all gold
Belong to sintered true qualities, cannot achieve colored 3D printing.There are problem include: 1. low efficiencys, period it is long: cannot be with print procedure
Live paint or colouring in place, need to place molded part in special environment or device and carry out secondary treatment；2. intensity is low, nothing
Method multicolour pattern: traditional dye technology, such as chemical dye colouring, it can be achieved that the colouring of multicolour pattern, but intensity is low, makes
It is short with the service life.Anodic oxidation colouring, intensity is high with respect to intensity of colour on chemical dye, but cannot achieve the colouring of constituency pattern.Mesh
Before, there is no metal material colour 3d print system both at home and abroad.
Summary of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that are as follows: it overcomes the shortage of prior art, a kind of laser processing device and its method is provided,
Chromatic metallic printout is obtained, solves the problems, such as, solution printout selectable without the metal material abundant for having multiple color
The defects of existing hole, cracking, realize the colored 3D printing of metal material, without adding any pigment, laser is directly coloured,
By the online surface irradiation to metal material selective laser sintering and moulding part, realize that integrated metal material colour 3D is beaten
Print.
A kind of technical solution that the present invention solves are as follows: laser processing device, comprising: laser emitting source (1), laser beam (2),
Pressure roller (3), removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (4), two-dimensional scanning mirrors (5), 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (6), 3-D scanning galvanometer (7), powder
Nozzle (8), powder room (9), objective table (10), motor (11), rewinding box (12) and main control unit (13)；
Define coordinate system: origin is arbitrary point, and the positive direction of the y-axis of coordinate system is parallel to swashing for laser emitting source (1) transmitting
Light beam (2) direction；The positive direction of the x-axis of coordinate system is parallel to the laser beam (2) that 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (6) send laser emitting source (1)
Direction through reflection output, the right-hand rule determine z-axis；
Laser emitting source (1) is sent for laser beam (2) needed for emitting selective laser sintering 3D printing to 45 ° removable
Reflecting mirror (4)；
45 ° of reflecting mirrors (4) are moved, for the laser beam that reflection laser emission source (1) is sent, which is reflexed to
Two-dimensional scanning mirrors (5)
Two-dimensional scanning mirrors (5) can control the scanning track for the laser beam that movable mirror (4) is sent, and realize and swash
Light beam scans on powder bed (i.e. two-dimensional surface)；
Objective table (10) connects motor (11)；Motor (11) is able to drive objective table (10) and moves along z axis, and is with z-axis
Center rotation, realizes the rotation of objective table；Motor (11) can also be moved with dynamic object stage (10) along x and y-axis；
Objective table (10) can be moved with respect to powder room (9)；
Powder room (9) is hollow cylindrical, and objective table (10) is located in powder room (9)；
Powder jet (8) is in pulverized powder to powder room (9)；
Powder room (9) inner wall and objective table (10) form cavity, the powder that storage powder jet (8) is sent, pressure roller (3), pressure
Powder and guarantee that powder upper surface is overlapped with laser beam focal plane in real powder room (9), forms powder bed；
45 ° of reflecting mirrors (6) move to outside optical path in removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (4), and 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (6) receive reflection laser
The laser beam of emission source (1) output, reflexes to 3-D scanning galvanometer (7)；
3-D scanning galvanometer (7) can control the scanning track for the laser beam that 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (6) are sent, and realize laser
The coloring to printout (14) is realized in scanning of the beam on printout (14) (i.e. three-dimension curved surface).
Preferably, molding is sintered to dusty material using laser.
Laser beam needed for selective laser sintering 3D printing, specifically: wavelength is 800-1500 microns, pulsewidth 10-9-
10-3The pulse laser of second.
Preferably, the moveable position of movable mirror (4), specifically: in printout (14) sinter molding process
In, 45 ° of reflecting mirror (4) operating positions can be moved.
Preferably, objective table (10) includes: loading end and support column, and support column is connect with loading end, and support column is vertical
In loading end；Loading end is circle；The output axis connection of support column and motor (11), and be located in a straight line.
Preferably, objective table (10) is located in powder room (9), specifically: powder room (9) are hollow cylinder；Objective table (10)
It include: loading end and support column, the outer diameter of loading end and the internal diameter of powder room (9) cooperate, and enable loading end along z-axis in powder room
(9) movement in.
Preferably, laser beam (2), issuing the irradiation powder bed after optical system is transmitted from laser emitting source (1) makes its fusing,
Complete the selective laser sintering work of single layer.
Preferably, moving 45 ° of reflecting mirrors can move along laser beam vertical direction, when removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors work
When, reflection laser beam to two-dimensional scanning mirrors, the laser beam of two-dimensional scanning mirrors output carries out selectivity to the powder of powder bed and swashs
Light is sintered work；Movable mirror is moved to the optical path of the laser beam of laser emitting source (1) output along laser beam vertical direction
When outer, 45 ° of reflecting mirror work, reflection laser beam to 3-D scanning galvanometer, the laser beam of 3-D scanning galvanometer output is to printout
Surface is coloured.
Preferably, before carrying out the selective laser sintering work of single layer, powder room upper surface is overlapped with laser beam focal plane,
It is overlapped with the compaction plane of pressure roller, powder room is axial symmetry geometry, and cross sectional shape is consistent with objective table section.
A kind of laser processing, steps are as follows:
Step 1: the 3D printing model of printout (14) being carried out by hierarchy slicing by main control unit, every layer of slice is single
The selective laser sintering section of layer, every layer of selective laser sintering section thickness with a thickness of single layer；
Step 2: being overlapped the upper surface of powder room with the upper surface of objective table, it is thick then to decline one sintering section of objective table
The distance of degree；
Step 3: by powder jet by metal powder spray feed to powder room, being realized by the reciprocal horizontal rolling of pressure roller
In powder room the compacting of powder be uniformly distributed；
Step 4: laser emitting source is opened in removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors work, and laser beam is through removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors reflection
To two-dimensional scanning mirrors, the laser beam of two-dimensional scanning mirrors output with main control unit to 3D printing model hierarchy slicing after
Section track is scanned, and completes the selective laser sintering work of single layer；
Step 5: closing laser emitting source；
Step 6: the distance of objective table one sintering section thickness of decline, again by powder jet by metal powder spray feed
To powder room, realizes in powder room the compacting of powder by the reciprocal horizontal rolling of pressure roller and be uniformly distributed；
Step 7: removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors work opens laser emitting source, laser beam reflexes to two through movable mirror
Tie up scanning galvanometer, two-dimensional scanning mirrors output laser beam with main control unit to the next hierarchy slicing of 3D printer model after
Section track be scanned, complete next layer selective laser sintering work, close laser emitting source；
Step 8: repeating step 6-7 until completing the printing of entire printout (14)；
Step 9: decline objective table to printout is fully removed powder chamber lower surface, and the output shaft of motor is parallel to YOZ and is put down
Face rotates clockwise 90 degree, rotates the output shaft of motor to being parallel to y-axis by being parallel to z-axis；
Step 10: opening motor and be rotated by 360 °, band dynamic object stage is rotated by 360 ° with printout, by powder extra on printout
End drops down onto rewinding box；
Step 11: by main control unit control 3-D scanning galvanometer (7) and motor, according to each point in 3D printing model surface
Space coordinate and motor rotation speed, calculate laser beam to the irradiation track on printout surface；
Step 12: removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors are moved to outside optical path along laser beam vertical direction, unlatching laser emitting source, and 45
Spend reflecting mirror work, the laser beam that reflection laser emission source (1) exports to 3-D scanning galvanometer；
Step 13: main control unit controls 3-D scanning vibration mirror scanning and motor rotates, and makes to irradiate on printout surface
The defocusing amount of the laser beam of each point is constant；Step 14: to set the laser irradiation that printout whole surface is completed in track, closing
Laser emitting source realizes the coloring to printout whole surface.
The advantages of the present invention over the prior art are that: (the advantages of first saying overall plan, besides localized approach is excellent
Point)
The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with prior art is:
(1) printout not blanking is directly in place after the completion of the achievable print procedure live paint of the present invention or printing
Color can be improved processing efficiency, shorten the colouring period.
(2) present invention generates oxidation film by laser irradiation surface of shaped parts, is obtained using principle of optical interference different
Color is presented.Oxidation film and surface of shaped parts are metallurgical bonding, and intensity is high.
(3) present invention colours the editable in path using 3-D scanning galvanometer and can control, and realizes the irradiation of different pattern
It scans, can change irradiation parameters in coloring process to realize the coloring of different colours or gradient color.
(4) present invention prevents material surface dirt from having an impact to color is presented, needs to guarantee that the height of color reproduces
Increase the pretreatment to material surface, i.e., removed material surface dirt by laser irradiation, used machined parameters are as follows: is swashed
Light single pulse energy 1mj, scanning speed 1000mm/s, overlapping rate 15%.
(5) present invention can be improved processing efficiency, shorten the colouring period, it can be achieved that print procedure live paint or printing
Printout not blanking directly colours in place after the completion.
(6) coloring after stain competency degree of the invention is high, and color method of the present invention passes through laser irradiation surface of shaped parts
Oxidation film is generated, different colors is obtained using principle of optical interference and presents.Oxidation film and surface of shaped parts are metallurgical bonding, by force
Degree is high.
(7) achievable multicolour pattern coloring of the invention, since 3-D scanning galvanometer colours the editable in path and can control,
The irradiation scanning that different pattern may be implemented, can change irradiation parameters in the process with realize different colours or gradient color
Color.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is processing unit (plant) structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
A kind of laser processing device of the present invention and method, the present invention are directed to metal material selective laser sintering, pass through powder
Last nozzle realizes in powder room the compacting of powder and by metal powder spray feed to powder room, by the reciprocal horizontal rolling of pressure roller
Even distribution；Laser beam reflexes to two-dimensional scanning mirrors through removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors, and the laser beam of two-dimensional scanning mirrors output is with master
Control device is scanned the section track after 3D printing model hierarchy slicing, completes the selective laser sintering work of single layer
Make, by sintering accumulation in layer until obtaining final complete printout；Main control unit controls 3-D scanning galvanometer
Scanning is rotated with motor, makes to irradiate constant in the defocusing amount of the laser beam of each point on printout surface；To set track completion
The laser irradiation of printout whole surface realizes the coloring to printout whole surface, and without adding any pigment, laser is direct
Coloring.By the online surface irradiation to metal material selective laser sintering and moulding part, realize that integrated metal material is color
Color 3D printing.
Selective laser sintering of the invention combines laser processing and two kinds of emerging technologies of 3D printing, utilizes powdered material
Material is formed: material powder paving being sprinkled upon the upper surface of part substrate in powder room and is struck off, with laser in the new powder just spread
Part section is scanned on layer, material powder is sintered under high-intensitive laser irradiation and obtains new part section together,
And with following molded component metallurgical bonding.After the completion of layer cross section sintering, it is then covered with new layer of material powder, is continued
Selectively it is sintered.After the completion of entire forming parts, remove extra powder, obtains final forming parts part.
As shown in Figure 1, being the work structuring signal of processing unit (plant) of the present invention, left figure is selective laser sintering work signal
Figure, right figure are that metal forming part colours operation schematic diagram.Wherein, 1- laser emitting source, 2- laser beam, 3- pressure roller, 4- are removable
Reflecting mirror, 5- two-dimensional scanning mirrors, 6- reflecting mirror, 7- 3-D scanning galvanometer, 8- powder jet, 9- powder room, 10- objective table, 11-
Motor, 12- rewinding box, 13- main control unit, 14- printout.
A kind of laser processing device of the invention, comprising: laser emitting source (1), pressure roller (3), moves laser beam (2)
45 ° of reflecting mirrors (4), two-dimensional scanning mirrors (5), 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (6), 3-D scanning galvanometer (7), powder jet (8), powder room
(9), objective table (10), motor (11), rewinding box (12) and main control unit (13)；
Define coordinate system: origin is arbitrary point, and the positive direction of the y-axis of coordinate system is parallel to swashing for laser emitting source (1) transmitting
Light beam (2) direction；The positive direction of the x-axis of coordinate system is parallel to the laser beam (2) that 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (6) send laser emitting source (1)
Direction through reflection output, the right-hand rule determine z-axis；
Laser emitting source (1) is sent for laser beam (2) needed for emitting selective laser sintering 3D printing to 45 ° removable
Reflecting mirror (4)；
45 ° of reflecting mirrors (4) are moved, for the laser beam that reflection laser emission source (1) is sent, which is reflexed to
Two-dimensional scanning mirrors (5)
Two-dimensional scanning mirrors (5) can control the scanning track for the laser beam that movable mirror (4) is sent, and realize and swash
Light beam scans on powder bed (i.e. two-dimensional surface)；
Objective table (10) connects motor (11)；Motor (11) is able to drive objective table (10) and moves along z axis, and is with z-axis
Center rotation, realizes the rotation of objective table；Motor (11) can also be moved with dynamic object stage (10) along x and y-axis；
Objective table (10) can be moved with respect to powder room (9)；
Powder room (9) is hollow cylindrical, and objective table (10) is located in powder room (9)；
Powder jet (8) is in pulverized powder to powder room (9)；
Powder room (9) inner wall and objective table (10) form cavity, the powder that storage powder jet (8) is sent, pressure roller (3), pressure
Powder and guarantee that powder upper surface is overlapped with laser beam focal plane in real powder room (9), forms powder bed；
45 ° of reflecting mirrors (6) move to outside optical path in removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (4), and 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (6) receive reflection laser
The laser beam of emission source (1) output, reflexes to 3-D scanning galvanometer (7)；
3-D scanning galvanometer (7) can control the scanning track for the laser beam that 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (6) are sent, and realize laser
The coloring to printout (14) is realized in scanning of the beam on printout (14) (i.e. three-dimension curved surface).
Molding, preferred embodiment are sintered to dusty material using laser are as follows: material powder paving is sprinkled upon zero in powder room
The upper surface of part substrate simultaneously strikes off, and scans part section on the new powder bed just spread with laser, material powder is in high intensity
Laser irradiation under be sintered and obtain new part section together, and with following molded component metallurgical bonding.When one layer
After the completion of the sintering of section, it is then covered with new layer of material powder, continuation is selectively sintered.After the completion of entire forming parts,
Remove extra powder, obtains final forming parts part.
Laser beam needed for selective laser sintering 3D printing, preferably are as follows: wavelength is 800-1500 microns, pulsewidth 10-9-
10-3The pulse laser of second.
The moveable position of movable mirror (4), specifically: during printout (14) sinter molding, move
45 ° of reflecting mirror (4) work, preferably working method are as follows: removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (4) send laser emitting source (1) in optical path
The laser beam come reflexes to two-dimensional scanning mirrors (5), in the coloring process of printout (14) surface, moves 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (4)
It does not work, i.e., removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (4) move to outside optical path along X-axis negative direction, and the laser beam that laser emitting source (1) is sent is defeated
Enter to 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (6) and is reflected.Further preferred scheme are as follows: removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors can be along laser beam vertical direction
It is mobile, when removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors work, reflection laser beam to two-dimensional scanning mirrors, the laser of two-dimensional scanning mirrors output
Beam carries out selective laser sintering work to the powder of powder bed；Movable mirror is moved to laser hair along laser beam vertical direction
When penetrating outside the optical path of the laser beam of source (1) output, 45 ° of reflecting mirror work, reflection laser beam to 3-D scanning galvanometer, 3-D scanning
The laser beam of galvanometer output colours printout surface.
Objective table (10) includes: loading end and support column, and support column is connect with loading end, and support column is perpendicular to carrying
Face；Loading end is circle；The output axis connection of support column and motor (11), and be located in a straight line.Objective table (10) is located at
In powder room (9), specifically: powder room (9) are hollow cylinder；Objective table (10) includes: loading end and support column, loading end it is outer
Diameter and the internal diameter of powder room (9) cooperate, and enable loading end movement in powder room (9) along z-axis.
Preferred embodiment are as follows: laser beam (2), issuing the irradiation powder bed after optical system is transmitted from laser emitting source (1) makes it
The selective laser sintering work of single layer is completed in fusing.
Preferred embodiment are as follows: before carrying out the selective laser sintering work of single layer, powder room upper surface and laser beam focal plane
It is overlapped, is overlapped with the compaction plane of pressure roller, powder room is axial symmetry geometry, and cross sectional shape is consistent with objective table section.
Preferred embodiment are as follows: objective table is bonded with powder chamber internal surface, prevents powder from falling leakage, while guaranteeing axially move along powder room
It is dynamic.
Preferred embodiment are as follows: motor can be moved axially along powder room, while can be realized 90 degree of motor axial position rotations.
Preferred embodiment are as follows: printout (14) is 3D printing part, material are as follows: TA1, TA2, TC4 titanium alloy material.
A kind of laser processing of the invention, steps are as follows:
Step 1: by main control unit, by the 3D printing model progress hierarchy slicing of printout (14), (preferred embodiment is logical
Cross slice and calculate progress hierarchy slicing), every layer of slice is the selective laser sintering section of single layer, every layer of choosing with a thickness of single layer
The laser sintered section thickness of selecting property；3D printing model hierarchy slicing is the molding treatment process of laser 3D, the part that will be printed
Model import master control system, master control system according to during 3D printing single layer print thickness by part with the thickness into
Row hierarchy slicing, each layer are the sintering section of 3D printing.During 3D printing, accumulated by sintering in layer, most
End form is at the 3D solid to be printed.
Step 2: being overlapped the upper surface of powder room with the upper surface of objective table, it is thick then to decline one sintering section of objective table
The distance of degree；
Step 3: by powder jet by metal powder spray feed to powder room, being realized by the reciprocal horizontal rolling of pressure roller
In powder room the compacting of powder be uniformly distributed；
Step 4: laser emitting source is opened in removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors work, and laser beam is through removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors reflection
To two-dimensional scanning mirrors, the laser beam of two-dimensional scanning mirrors output is with main control unit to cutting after 3D printing model hierarchy slicing
Face track is scanned, and completes the selective laser sintering work of single layer；
Step 5: closing laser emitting source；
Step 6: the distance of objective table one sintering section thickness of decline, again by powder jet by metal powder spray feed
To powder room, realizes in powder room the compacting of powder by the reciprocal horizontal rolling of pressure roller and be uniformly distributed；
Step 7: removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors work opens laser emitting source, laser beam reflexes to two through movable mirror
Tie up scanning galvanometer, two-dimensional scanning mirrors output laser beam with main control unit to the next hierarchy slicing of 3D printer model after
Section track be scanned, complete next layer selective laser sintering work, close laser emitting source；
Step 8: repeating step 6-7 until completing the printing of entire printout (14)；
Step 9: decline objective table to printout is fully removed powder chamber lower surface, and the output shaft of motor is parallel to YOZ and is put down
Face rotates clockwise 90 degree, rotates the output shaft of motor to being parallel to y-axis by being parallel to z-axis；
Step 10: opening motor and be rotated by 360 °, band dynamic object stage is rotated by 360 ° with printout, by powder extra on printout
End drops down onto rewinding box；
Step 11: by main control unit control 3-D scanning galvanometer (7) and motor, according to each point in 3D printing model surface
Space coordinate and motor rotation speed, calculate laser beam to the irradiation track on printout surface；Further preferred embodiment
Are as follows: 3-D scanning galvanometer can carry out the real-time adjustment of laser beam foucing position for threedimensional model outline data, make laser beam
Focus is fallen on always on the position of threedimensional model profile processing to be colored, by putting to line, by line to face, realizes the coloured silk of three-dimension curved surface
Chromatic colorant.However, the effective scanning range of 3-D scanning galvanometer is limited, 45 degree of area is greater than for laser beam incidence angle
Domain, the irradiation of laser beam influence to weaken, can not normal coloring, need that motor is cooperated to rotate, make uncoloured model silhouette region
It turns to immediately below 3-D scanning galvanometer, at the same time, the velocity of rotation of motor will also be with the scanning speed of 3-D scanning galvanometer
It matches.The scanning track of 3-D scanning galvanometer, the rotation direction of speed and motor, speed are controlled by main control unit and are completed.
Step 12: removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors are moved to outside optical path along laser beam vertical direction, unlatching laser emitting source, and 45
Spend reflecting mirror work, the laser beam that reflection laser emission source (1) exports to 3-D scanning galvanometer；
Step 13: main control unit controls 3-D scanning vibration mirror scanning and motor rotates, and makes to irradiate on printout surface
The defocusing amount of the laser beam of each point is constant；3-D scanning galvanometer can guarantee that the laser beam processed on three-dimension curved surface is focus position
The laser beam set, i.e. defocusing amount are always 0, equally, also can control laser beam irradiation printout surface each point swash
The defocusing amount of light beam is that steady state value is constant, and steady state value meets the requirement of 2-5mm of the present invention, and it is in order to will be uncolored that motor, which rotates,
Immediately below area rotation to 3-D scanning galvanometer, splicing is realized.
Step 14: to set the laser irradiation that printout whole surface is completed in track, closing laser emitting source, realize air exercise
The coloring of printed document whole surface.Preferred embodiment are as follows: to set the laser irradiation that printout whole surface is completed in track, i.e., with setting
(scanning speed value through three-dimensional galvanometer of laser emitting source output power value, laser beam, 3-D scanning galvanometer go out for good colouring parameters
Penetrate the scanning overlapping rate value of laser beam) along the track set, coloring work is carried out, until completing entire printout surface
Laser emitting source is closed in coloring.
In step 3, spray feed to the indoor metal powder of powder includes all metals, metal alloy powders, and preferably titanium closes
Bronze end.
In step 13, preferred embodiment are as follows: irradiation is constant in the defocusing amount of the laser beam of each point on printout surface, and
Defocusing amount is preferably 2~5mm.
In the step 14, to printout color Stimulated Light-emission source output power value and 3-D scanning shake
Scanning speed value, the scanning overlapping rate value of the laser beam of mirror (7) output influence.Preferred embodiment are as follows: preferred embodiment are as follows: scanning overlap joint
During rate is laser beam flying, the overlay region of two hot spots and two facula areas and ratio.The output of laser emitting source
Performance number, the scanning speed value of the laser beam of 3-D scanning galvanometer (7) output, scanning three parameter collective effect shadows of overlapping rate
Color is rung, preferred collective effect influences the scheme of color are as follows:
Yellow is showed on molded part, preferably are as follows: the output power value of laser emitting source is 30~55W, laser beam
Scanning speed value is 600~900mm/s, and the scanning overlapping rate of laser beam is 30%~50%；
Want to show on molded part it is orange, preferably are as follows: the output power value of laser emitting source be 30~55W, laser beam
Scanning speed value be 500~800mm/s, the scanning overlapping rate of laser beam is 35%~50%；
Red is showed on molded part, preferably are as follows: the output power value of laser emitting source is 30~60W, laser beam
Scanning speed value is 500~800mm/s, and the scanning overlapping rate of laser beam is 40%~50%；
Purple is showed on molded part, preferably are as follows: the output power value of laser emitting source is 40~60W, laser beam
Scanning speed value is 400~800mm/s, and the scanning overlapping rate of laser beam is 40%~55%；
Blue is showed on molded part, preferably are as follows: the output power value of laser emitting source is 40~65W, laser beam
Scanning speed value is 400~600mm/s, and the scanning overlapping rate of laser beam is 50%~60%；
Green is showed on molded part, preferably are as follows: the output power value of laser emitting source is 50~65W, laser beam
Scanning speed value is 400~500mm/s, and the scanning overlapping rate of laser beam is 50%~65%.
Processing of the invention realizes that the method for coloring on titanium alloy product, improves artistry, appearance identification.Coloring
Persistently, wear-resisting, intensity is high, the process-cycle is short, high-efficient.
Further preferred embodiment is to pass through preferred constraint condition: 0.1 < K (P/V) η < 10.6, P is laser
Emission source output power value, V are scanning speed value of the laser beam through three-dimensional galvanometer, and η is 3-D scanning galvanometer shoot laser beam
Overlapping rate value is scanned, K is constant 10mm/J.Meet the formula condition, can get more stable color and present.
Further to guarantee that the height of color reproduces, prevent material surface dirt from having an impact to color is presented, preferably just
Case is the pretreatment increased to material surface, i.e., is removed material surface dirt by laser irradiation, used machined parameters
Are as follows: laser single-pulse energy 1mj, scanning speed 1000mm/s, overlapping rate 15% can significantly improve coloring jail by pretreatment
Solidity and color stability.
Printout not blanking directly colours in place after the completion of print procedure live paint or printing can be achieved in the present invention, can
It improves processing efficiency, shorten the colouring period.Oxidation film is generated by laser irradiation surface of shaped parts, is obtained using principle of optical interference
Different colors is obtained to present.Oxidation film and surface of shaped parts are metallurgical bonding, and intensity is high.
The present invention colours the editable in path using 3-D scanning galvanometer and can control, and realizes that the irradiation of different pattern is swept
It retouches, can change irradiation parameters in coloring process to realize the coloring of different colours or gradient color.The present invention, which can be improved, to be added
Work efficiency rate, shorten colouring the period, it can be achieved that print procedure live paint or printing after the completion of printout not blanking it is directly in place
Coloring.
Coloring after stain competency degree of the invention is high, and color method of the present invention is raw by laser irradiation surface of shaped parts
At oxidation film, different colors is obtained using principle of optical interference and is presented.Oxidation film and surface of shaped parts are metallurgical bonding, intensity
It is high；And can realize that multicolour pattern colours, since 3-D scanning galvanometer colours the editable in path and can control, may be implemented not
Irradiation with pattern scans, and can change irradiation parameters in the process to realize the coloring of different colours or gradient color.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of laser processing device, characterized by comprising: laser emitting source (1), pressure roller (3), moves laser beam (2)
45 ° of reflecting mirrors (4), two-dimensional scanning mirrors (5), 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (6), 3-D scanning galvanometer (7), powder jet (8), powder room
(9), objective table (10), motor (11), rewinding box (12) and main control unit (13)；
Define coordinate system: origin is arbitrary point, and the positive direction of the y-axis of coordinate system is parallel to the laser beam of laser emitting source (1) transmitting
(2) direction；It is anti-that the positive direction of the x-axis of coordinate system is parallel to laser beam (2) warp that 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (6) send laser emitting source (1)
The direction of output is penetrated, the right-hand rule determines z-axis；
Laser emitting source (1) is sent for laser beam (2) needed for emitting selective laser sintering 3D printing to removable 45 ° of reflections
Mirror (4)；
45 ° of reflecting mirrors (4) are moved, for the laser beam that reflection laser emission source (1) is sent, which is reflexed into two dimension
Scanning galvanometer (5)
Two-dimensional scanning mirrors (5) can control the scanning track for the laser beam that movable mirror (4) is sent, and realize laser beam
It is scanned on powder bed (i.e. two-dimensional surface)；
Objective table (10) connects motor (11)；Motor (11) is able to drive objective table (10) and moves along z-axis, and centered on z-axis
Rotation, realizes the rotation of objective table；Motor (11) can also be moved with dynamic object stage (10) along x and y-axis；
Objective table (10) can be moved with respect to powder room (9)；
Powder room (9) is hollow cylindrical, and objective table (10) is located in powder room (9)；
Powder jet (8) is in pulverized powder to powder room (9)；
Powder room (9) inner wall and objective table (10) form cavity, the powder that storage powder jet (8) is sent, and pressure roller (3) is compacted powder
Powder and guarantee that powder upper surface is overlapped with laser beam focal plane in room (9), forms powder bed；
45 ° of reflecting mirrors (6) move to outside optical path in removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (4), and 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (6) receive reflection laser transmitting
The laser beam of source (1) output, reflexes to 3-D scanning galvanometer (7)；
3-D scanning galvanometer (7) can control the scanning track for the laser beam that 45 ° of reflecting mirrors (6) are sent, and realize that laser beam exists
The coloring to printout (14) is realized in scanning on printout (14) (i.e. three-dimension curved surface).
2. a kind of laser processing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: selective laser sintering 3D printing are as follows:
Molding is sintered to dusty material using laser.
3. a kind of laser processing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: needed for selective laser sintering 3D printing
Laser beam, specifically: wavelength be 800-1500 microns, pulsewidth 10-9-10-3The pulse laser of second.
4. a kind of laser processing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: movable mirror (4) moves
Position, specifically: during printout (14) sinter molding, 45 ° of reflecting mirror (4) operating positions can be moved.
5. a kind of laser processing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: objective table (10) include: loading end and
Support column, support column are connect with loading end, and support column is perpendicular to loading end；Loading end is circle；Support column and motor (11)
Output axis connection, and be located in a straight line.
6. a kind of laser processing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: objective table (10) is located in powder room (9),
Specifically: powder room (9) are hollow cylinder；Objective table (10) includes: loading end and support column, outer diameter and the powder room of loading end
(9) internal diameter cooperation enables loading end movement in powder room (9) along z-axis.
7. a kind of laser processing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: laser beam (2), from laser emitting source
(1) issuing the irradiation powder bed after optical system is transmitted makes its fusing, completes the selective laser sintering work of single layer.
8. a kind of laser processing device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors can be along sharp
Beam orthogonal direction is mobile, when removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors work, reflection laser beam to two-dimensional scanning mirrors, and two-dimensional scanning vibration
The laser beam of mirror output carries out selective laser sintering work to the powder of powder bed；Movable mirror is along laser beam vertical direction
When being moved to outside the optical path of the laser beam of laser emitting source (1) output, 45 ° of reflecting mirror work, reflection laser beam to 3-D scanning
The laser beam of galvanometer, the output of 3-D scanning galvanometer colours printout surface.
9. a kind of laser processing device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: burnt in the selective laser for carrying out single layer
Before tying work, powder room upper surface is overlapped with laser beam focal plane, is overlapped with the compaction plane of pressure roller, and powder room is axial symmetry geometry knot
Structure, cross sectional shape are consistent with objective table section.
10. a kind of laser processing, it is characterised in that steps are as follows:
Step 1: the 3D printing model of printout (14) being carried out by hierarchy slicing by main control unit, every layer of slice is single layer
Selective laser sintering section, every layer of selective laser sintering section thickness with a thickness of single layer；
Step 2: being overlapped the upper surface of powder room with the upper surface of objective table, then decline objective table one is sintered section thickness
Distance；
Step 3: by powder jet by metal powder spray feed to powder room, powder room being realized by the reciprocal horizontal rolling of pressure roller
The compacting of interior powder be uniformly distributed；
Step 4: laser emitting source is opened in removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors work, and laser beam reflexes to two through removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors
Scanning galvanometer is tieed up, the laser beam of two-dimensional scanning mirrors output is with main control unit to the section rail after 3D printing model hierarchy slicing
Mark is scanned, and completes the selective laser sintering work of single layer；
Step 5: closing laser emitting source；
Step 6: the distance of objective table one sintering section thickness of decline, again by powder jet by metal powder spray feed to powder
Interior is realized in powder room the compacting of powder and is uniformly distributed by the reciprocal horizontal rolling of pressure roller；
Step 7: removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors work opens laser emitting source, laser beam reflexes to two dimension through movable mirror and sweeps
Galvanometer is retouched, the laser beam of two-dimensional scanning mirrors output is with main control unit to the section after the next hierarchy slicing of 3D printing model
Track is scanned, and is completed next layer of selective laser sintering work, is closed laser emitting source；
Step 8: repeating step 6-7 until completing the printing of entire printout (14)；
Step 9: decline objective table to printout is fully removed powder chamber lower surface, and it is suitable that the output shaft of motor is parallel to YOZ plane
Hour hands rotate 90 degree, rotate the output shaft of motor to being parallel to y-axis by being parallel to z-axis；
Step 10: opening motor and be rotated by 360 °, band dynamic object stage is rotated by 360 ° with printout, and excessive powder on printout is fallen
To rewinding box；
Step 11: by main control unit control 3-D scanning galvanometer (7) and motor, according to the sky of each point in 3D printing model surface
Between coordinate and motor rotation speed, calculate laser beam to the irradiation track on printout surface；
Step 12: removable 45 ° of reflecting mirrors are moved to outside optical path along laser beam vertical direction, open laser emitting source, and 45 degree anti-
Penetrate mirror work, the laser beam that reflection laser emission source (1) exports to 3-D scanning galvanometer；
Step 13: main control unit controls 3-D scanning vibration mirror scanning and motor rotates, and makes to irradiate on each of printout surface
The defocusing amount of the laser beam of point is constant；Step 14: to set the laser irradiation that printout whole surface is completed in track, closing laser
Emission source realizes the coloring to printout whole surface.
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