CN105538712B - A kind of 3D printing method of laser compound-contoured scanning - Google Patents
A kind of 3D printing method of laser compound-contoured scanning Download PDFInfo
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- CN105538712B CN105538712B CN201510992597.7A CN201510992597A CN105538712B CN 105538712 B CN105538712 B CN 105538712B CN 201510992597 A CN201510992597 A CN 201510992597A CN 105538712 B CN105538712 B CN 105538712B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of laser compound-contoured scan method for laser 3D printing, by using the adjustment and change of laser beam spot diameter and energy density during laser 3D printing, obtain the small light spot light beam of the light beam of different beam diameters, i.e. high-energy-density；The large spot light beam of low energy densities, compound scan is carried out to model silhouette, profile scan bonding solidification is realized with the large spot of low energy densities, realizes that profile scan fails with the small light spot of high-energy-density, is finally completed and meets that the shell mould of dimensional accuracy and intensity requirement makes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to 3D printing (increasing material manufacturing) field, be related to a kind of laser compound-contoured scanning 3D printing device and
Method.
Background technology
Rapid shaping technique is also known as 3D printing technique, is developed so far from the last century 80's, and its superiority has obtained generation
People approves have numerous universities and colleges, scientific research institutions and enterprise carrying out the research of 3D printing technique both at home and abroad at present.3D printing skill
Art is typical layered manufacturing technology, handles to obtain two-dimemsional number by certain thickness step section by the threedimensional model to target part
According to, successively process, layer upon layer shaping.
Laser use at present as energy source and prints powder body material and is broadly divided into following several method：Selective laser burns
Knot method (Selective Laser Sintering, SLS), selective laser melt method (Selective Laser
Melting, SLM), profile dead methods (Profile Invalidation Laser Rapid Prototyping, PIRP),
Wherein it is applied in large format technical grade 3D printing mainly SLS and PIRP methods.Swept although PIRP methods only carry out failure to profile
Retouch, there is high efficiency, high-precision advantage relative to SLS, but need heating system, heating preconsolidation, width are carried out to view picture face
Face is bigger, and the heat time is longer, influences overall processing efficiency, stock utilization is low and is removed for the complicated part of inner-cavity structure
Waste material is more difficult.The printing precision for how improving the efficiency of printing, stock utilization and labyrinth model increasingly becomes people
Focus of attention.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, a kind of 3D printing method of laser compound-contoured scanning of offer of the invention.The party
Method carries out profile scan bonding consolidation using large spot laser and is combined with the efficient scanning failure technique of PIRP profiles failure, real
Existing compound-contoured scans through into the printing of shell mould part.
This method specifically includes following steps：
(1) part three-dimensional CAD model is drawn on computers, CAD model is cut into slices using Slice Software, generates mould
Type slice information, the two-dimensional silhouette of every layer of CAD model is obtained, obtain two-dimensional silhouette data, such as Fig. 1；Every layer of described CAD model
Thickness be 0.05~1.0mm.
(2) the two-dimensional silhouette data of CAD model are handled, obtains profile scan bonding path and profile scan failure
Path；The technological parameter of laser scanning in bonding and failure procedure is set in computer；Described technological parameter includes laser work(
Rate is 50W~2500W, and sweep speed is 200~1500mm/s.
(3) forming cavity piston declines the distance of a thickness, and loose precoated sand is laid in forming cavity by powdering system, complete
Into powdering process；Described thickness is 0.05mm~1.0mm.
(4) scanning obtained in step 2 is bonded into path, scanning failing path and technological parameter to import in control system,
Control system is carried out quick profile scan to precoated sand using laser large spot, is made precoated sand by thermosetting by scanning bonding path
Knot, form the consolidation shell consistent with every layer of two-dimensional silhouette；Control system is by scanning failing path, using laser small light spot to consolidation
Shell carries out quick profile scan, heated be warming up to more than invalid temperature of consolidation shell is lost consolidation performance, is formed and every layer of two dimension
The consistent failure cut-off rule of profile.Described large spot diameter range is 2~12mm；Small light spot diameter range be 0.03~
0.3mm。
(5) repeat step (3) and step (4), successively machine the profile scan of whole CAD model, and completion printed
Journey, the shell mould part that size is slightly larger than CAD model, failure cut-off rule composition failure dividing layer, failure segmentation are obtained in forming cavity
Shell mould part is divided into defective material shell and effective shell by layer, wherein entity corresponding with CAD model have common factor for effective shell, otherwise to be residual
Material shell.
(6) precoated sand defective material loose outside shell mould part is cleared up, shell mould part is coated with roughing sand, then to the shell after cladding
Type part carries out overall heating, removes roughing sand after being cooled to room temperature, obtains the consolidated articles with a thin layer defective material shell.Described defective material
Shell wall thickness is the stripping that 0.5mm~5mm is easy to defective material.
(7) the defective material shell of consolidated articles is peeled off, obtains the 3D solid consistent with CAD model.
The present invention retains the former equal failure procedure of PIRP methods profile, so with original high accuracy, high surface finish etc.
Feature, profile scan bonding is carried out using large spot laser and completes profile heating consolidation, PIRP method view picture surface radiations is eliminated and adds
Hot consolidation, printing effect and stock utilization is greatly improved.Heels largely reduces, and becomes the stripping defective material process in later stage
Must be easy, and then the structure complexity and formed precision of printout is greatly improved.
Compared with SLS method forming processes, method of the invention is bonded using profile scan, the non-scanning of domain comprehensively bonding, and
And large spot line width is far above SLS line widths, so to be far above SLS methods on shaping efficiency.Method of printing of the present invention
Process time it is mainly directly proportional to the surface area of part, and the time-write interval of SLS methods is mainly directly proportional to product volume, with
The increase of product volume, the processing efficiency advantage of the inventive method can be bigger.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：Printing precision is high, surface smoothness is good, greatly reduces process time and heels
Measure and then improve printing effect, the printing precision of stock utilization and labyrinth model.
The 3D printing method of laser compound-contoured scanning provided by the invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system and scanning diagrammatic elevation view of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is present invention scanning diagrammatic top view；
Fig. 3 is Method of printing flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 4 A are blank schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 B are blank three-dimensional partial sectional view；
Fig. 4 C are that defective material shell peels off schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 D are entity schematic diagram；
In figure：1 computer；2 powdering systems；3 laser systems；4 forming cavity pistons；5 dividing layers；6 precoated sands；7 defective material shells；
8 effective shells；9 workbenches；10 forming cavities；11 control systems.
Specific embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of laser compound-contoured scanning 3D printing method, and this method uses large spot laser scanning wheel
Exterior feature bonding carries out shell mould printing to printed material with small light spot laser scanning profile failure combination process and manufactured.Specifically include following
Step：
(1) part three-dimensional CAD model is drawn in computer 1, CAD model is cut into slices using Slice Software, generate mould
Type slice information, the two-dimensional silhouette of every layer of CAD model is obtained, obtain two-dimensional silhouette data, such as Fig. 1；
(2) the two-dimensional silhouette data of CAD model are handled, obtains profile scan bonding path and profile scan failure
Path；
(3) forming cavity piston 4 declines the distance of a thickness, and loose precoated sand 6 is laid in forming cavity 10 by powdering system 2
It is interior, complete powdering process；
(4) scanning obtained in step 2 is bonded path, scanning failing path and technological parameter and imports control system 11
In, control system 11 is carried out quick profile scan to precoated sand 6 using laser large spot, is made precoated sand 6 by scanning bonding path
By hot consolidation, the consolidation shell consistent with every layer of two-dimensional silhouette is formed；Control system 11 is by scanning failing path, using the small light of laser
Spot carries out quick profile scan to consolidation shell, heated be warming up to more than invalid temperature of consolidation shell is lost consolidation performance, formed with
The consistent failure cut-off rule of every layer of two-dimensional silhouette, a plurality of cut-off rule form dividing layer 5；
(5) repeat step (3) and step (4), successively machine the profile scan of whole CAD model, and completion printed
Journey, obtains the shell mould part that size is slightly larger than CAD model in forming cavity, and shell mould part is divided into defective material shell 7 and had by failure dividing layer 5
Imitate shell 8, wherein entity corresponding with CAD model have common factor for effective shell 8, be otherwise defective material shell 7.
(6) clear up the loose defective material of precoated sand 6 outside shell mould part, shell mould part coated with roughing sand, then to cladding after
Shell mould part carries out overall heating, removes roughing sand after being cooled to room temperature, obtains the consolidated articles with a thin layer defective material shell 7.
(7) the defective material shell of consolidated articles is peeled off, obtains the 3D solid consistent with CAD model.
Below exemplified by being combined by precoated sand for file printing " convex " font entity, accompanying drawing is further discussed to the present invention
State.
The shape-designing of the three-dimensional CAD model of " convex " font is completed first in computer 1, then carries out 0.3 millimeter point of Z-direction
Layer, and extract each layer contour line information be used as Master data, according to the data generate respectively for profile scan be bonded and
Two class.paths of profile scan failure.
Start control system 11, laser spot diameter and energy density carry out classification setting, two kinds of scan methods of satisfaction
Technological parameter requirement.Powdering system 2 spreads the precoated sand 6 of 0.3 millimeter of thickness on workbench 9, and laser beam 3 is being controlled
Under the control of system 11 processed, spot diameter and energy density are adjusted first, select large spot laser to carry out this layer of precoated sand
The two-dimensional silhouette scanning bonding of " convex " font, makes the heating of precoated sand 6 be fixedly arranged at consolidation shelling in forming cavity 10.Wherein coat model
The thickness of defective material shell 7, depending on profile scan bonding path and the relative distance of profile scan failing path.
After completing data processing, select small light spot to carry out profile to current consolidation shell along profile scan failing path and sweep
Retouch, precoated sand 6 is warming up to more than the temperature of resin carbonation, it is lost consolidation performance, formation can make effective shell 8 and defective material shell
The dividing layer 5 of 7 cutting separation, compound-contoured scanning is completed, is loose precoated sand 6 inside and out shell mould.Then control
System 11 processed controls piston 4 to decline 0.3 millimeter, next layer of powdering, the scanning of combined wheels profile is carried out, until completing whole model
Profile scan.
Last handling process such as Fig. 4 after printing processing is completed, the precoated sand without consolidation is first removed, obtains blank shell mould part
Such as Fig. 4 A, wherein Fig. 4 B are three-dimensional partial sectional view.The main precoated sand 6 being wrapped by including defective material shell 7, effective shell 8, center portion and
Dividing layer 5.To the blank shell mould part with and precoated sand there is the roughing sand of identical hot property to be backfilling into after forming cavity integrally heat most
Strengthen eventually, heating-up temperature and time reference and technological experiment result are 180 DEG C of insulation 1h.By blank shell mould after the completion of being heating and curing
After part takes out, defective material shell 1 is peeled off to obtain molding part such as Fig. 4 D.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. 3D printing method of laser compound-contoured scanning, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：1) part three-dimensional CAD model is drawn on computer (1), CAD model is cut into slices using Slice Software, generation model Slice information, the two-dimensional silhouette of every layer of CAD model is obtained, obtain two-dimensional silhouette data；2) the two-dimensional silhouette data of CAD model are handled, obtain profile scan bonding path and profile scan failing path；Calculating The technological parameter of laser scanning in bonding and failure procedure is set in machine (1)；3) forming cavity piston (4) declines a thickness distance, and precoated sand (6) is laid in forming cavity (10) by powdering system (2), complete Into powdering process；4) scanning obtained in step 2) is bonded into path, scanning failing path and technological parameter to import in control system (11), Control system (11) carries out quick profile scan, precoated sand using laser large spot by scanning bonding path to precoated sand (6) (6) by hot consolidation, the consolidation shell consistent with every layer of two-dimensional silhouette is formed；Control system (11) is by scanning failing path, using sharp Light small light spot carries out quick profile scan to consolidation shell, and heated be warming up to more than invalid temperature of consolidation shell loses consolidation performance, shape Into the failure cut-off rule consistent with every layer of two-dimensional silhouette；Described large spot diameter range is 2~12mm；Small light spot diameter model Enclose for 0.03~0.3mm；5) repeat step 3) and step 4), the profile scan of whole CAD model is successively machined, completes print procedure；Into Obtain the shell mould part that size is slightly larger than CAD model in die cavity (10), shell mould part is divided into defective material shell (7) and effective by failure cut-off rule Shell (8), wherein, entity corresponding with CAD model have common factor for effective shell (8), be otherwise defective material shell (7)；6) outer precoated sand (6) defective material of shell mould part is cleared up, shell mould part is coated with roughing sand, then the shell mould part after cladding is carried out Overall heating, removes roughing sand after being cooled to room temperature, obtains the consolidated articles with defective material shell (7)；7) the defective material shell (7) in consolidated articles is peeled off, obtains the 3D solid consistent with CAD model.
- 2. 3D printing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the layer of every layer of CAD model in described step 1) Thickness is 0.05~1.0mm；The thickness distance declined in described step 3) is 0.05mm~1.0mm.
- 3. 3D printing method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that defective material shell wall thickness is in described step 6) 0.5mm~5mm.
- 4. 3D printing method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described technological parameter includes laser power For 50W~2500W, 200~1500mm/s of sweep speed.
- 5. 3D printing method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described technological parameter is including laser power 50W~2500W, 200~1500mm/s of sweep speed.
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| CN105538712B true CN105538712B (en) | 2018-01-16 |
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| CN110869188B (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2022-10-21 | 惠普发展公司，有限责任合伙企业 | Nested segmentation in object models for additive manufacturing |
| WO2019013829A1 (en) | 2017-07-10 | 2019-01-17 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Inferring object attributes |
| JP7288027B2 (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2023-06-06 | ヒューレット－パッカード デベロップメント カンパニー エル．ピー． | Nested segments in object models for additive manufacturing |
| EP3552806A1 (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2019-10-16 | Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast- natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO | Method of apparatus for forming an object by means of additive manufacturing |
| CN108971491B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-07-10 | 佛山瑞鑫通科技有限公司 | 3D printing method of metal dental crown |
| CN116833428B (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-11-28 | 北京清研智束科技有限公司 | Scanning method and printing method for contour area and filling area in 3D printing |
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