CN104827155B - Solidifying and melting composite material increase forming method suitable for complex parts - Google Patents
Solidifying and melting composite material increase forming method suitable for complex parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN104827155B CN104827155B CN201510268976.1A CN201510268976A CN104827155B CN 104827155 B CN104827155 B CN 104827155B CN 201510268976 A CN201510268976 A CN 201510268976A CN 104827155 B CN104827155 B CN 104827155B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
Abstract
The invention discloses a solidifying and melting composite material increase forming method suitable for complex parts. The method comprises the following steps that a metal part CAD geometrical model is set up, an STL model is extracted, layered slicing software is utilized for carrying out reasonable layering on the STL model with the layering thickness as a unit, outline information of all layers is extracted, and a computer generates a control instruction according to the outline information; a cutting device is used for cutting a plate of the layer according to the outline track of the layer by using the numerical control instruction corresponding to the layer; the plates of all the layers are bonded sequentially through welding flux according to the arrangement sequence of all the layers to finish bonding treatment on the whole parts; the whole parts after bonding treatment is carried out are heated to achieve solidifying and melting composite welding forming, and by means of the mode, material increase forming of the complex parts is finished. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that forming efficiency is high, forming precision is high, the cost is low, the material utilization rate is high, and the applicability is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to part increases material forming technique field, it is applied to the solid molten of complex parts more particularly, to a kind of
Compound increasing material manufacturing process.
Background technology
Increasing material manufacturing (additive manufacturing, am, also known as 3d printing, rapid prototype manufacturing) technology, origin
In late 1980s, due to unique distinction and the technologic advantage of its principle, when preliminary examination the plastics of functional verification,
The nonmetallic prototype Rapid Prototyping technique such as paraffin, paper, to the Rapid Manufacturing Technology directly or indirectly preparing various moulds, then arrives mesh
Front metal parts or the Rapid Manufacturing Technology of mould, am technology achieves quick development and actual application.Existing gold
Belong to increasing material manufacturing method, mainly have based on high energy beam to melt powder, the melting increasing material manufacturing process of silk material and to be based on other energy
The solid-state of amount increases material manufacturing process.
Melting increases material manufacturing process, mainly includes rapid laser-shaping technique, and such as precinct laser melts (selective
Laser melting, slm), direct metal laser sintering (direct metal laser sintering, dmls) and laser
Nearly shape manufacture (laser engineering net shaping, lens)；Electron beam Rapid Prototyping technique, such as electron beam melting
(electron beam melting, ebm) and electron beam solid freeform (electron beam freeform
Fabrication, ebff)；Plasma deposition Rapid Prototyping technique, such as direct plasma deposition manufacture (plasma powder
Deposition manufacturing, ppdm)；Electric arc melts long-pending Rapid Prototyping technique, such as electric arc manufacturing technology (arc rapid
Prototyping manufacturing, arpm).Different meltings increases material method respectively has quality, such as laser fast forming skill
Art, because all material will become process through solid-liquid-solid phase, leads to change in volume big, and residual stress and deformation greatly and need
High power laser equipment, relatively costly, melt long-pending efficiency low；Electron beam Rapid Prototyping technique, because electron beam rushes to powder
Hit big, be unfavorable for shaping, and forming process must be carried out in vacuum interior, and hardware is had high demands, operating cost is high；Laser
The part that bundle, beam-plasma, electric arc shape no supports, limited by complexity；Further, since the accuracy of manufacture is not high and has arc light spoke
Penetrate, therefore, limit its industrial applications scope.
Solid-state increases material manufacturing process, mainly has " ultrasound wave increasing material manufacturing (uam) " of the exploitation of German fabrisonic company
Method, the method makes two to need connection surface friction using the vibrational energy of ultrasound wave, forms the increasing material manufacturing of intermolecular fusion
Technique, the advantage that has that deformation is little, precision is high etc., but it yet suffers from problems with: when the part of preparation need to reach high-precision
During requirement, it is in addition to needing ultrasound wave forming device in addition it is also necessary to setting Milling Motion in Three-axes NC shapes it to increase material in ultrasound wave
Afterwards machining is carried out to part, so increased weight of equipment, manufacturing cycle and cost, current the method is only used for eutectic
The increasing material of point metal shapes.
Existing rapid shaping method for manufacturing metal laminated solid mass, it is first integrally to spread more than the maximum sized plate of part
Go out then to utilize laser cutting system to reject most of waste material, stock utilization is low, and large area stone can make electrode and plate
Contact area big and cause resistance seam current power density less, can seam thickness very little, of low quality.And Shen Qing Publication
Number cn103350321a, the patent documentation in date of publication on October 16th, 2013 discloses a kind of metal parts based on contour feature
Increasing material manufacturing method, although the thought that the method employs layering carries out hierarchy slicing process to the model of metal parts, its
Still there is problems in that the method controls the feeding track of plate by control instruction, plate layering is sent into, and mechanical completes
The superposition seam of each layer of part, it can only be controlled to the feeding path of plate, and cannot be to the inside and outside contour of each laminate material
Accurately processed, machining accuracy is low, part forming is of poor quality, thus the part being not particularly suited for there is complicated inside and outside contour
Shape.
Content of the invention
Disadvantages mentioned above for prior art and/or Improvement requirement, the invention provides a kind of complex parts that are applied to
Gu molten compound increasing material manufacturing process, the wherein inside and outside contour feature according to complex parts itself, successively complete by the way of layering
Become the accurate processing of the inside and outside contour of plate, and enable in particular to execute adhesion process successively to each layer after accurate processing, then
The solid molten compound welding completing each laminate material shapes, being processed into of the part that can correspondingly realize having complicated inside and outside contour
Type, has the advantages that formed precision height, shaping efficiency height, low cost, stock utilization height, the suitability are wide；Additionally, always according to zero
The complexity of part shape and required precision, can carry out segmentation bonding and welding, and the different demands according to part, and each layer can
It is processed from different materials, thus the field such as the method processing and forming of being particularly suited for there is the part of complicated shape
Close.
For achieving the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of solid molten compound increasing material manufacturing process being applied to complex parts,
It is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) modeling and layered shaping: the 3D shape according to formation of parts and size set up part cad geometric model, carry
Take the stl model of part, then the shape and size according to part select lift height, using hierarchy slicing software to be layered thickness
Spend for unit by described stl model partition be multiple layers；
(2) extraction to each layer profile point operates: extracts foreign steamer in it respectively to by multiple layers that step (1) is divided
Wide, it is then based on these inside and outside contour points and executes filling process respectively, thus generate the numerical control corresponding with the processing of each layer and refer to
Order；
(3) processed to each layer of part: from thickness be each lift height plate as each layer processing object,
Then the NC instruction corresponding with the processing of each layer being generated according to step (2) by cutter sweep, respectively to each as only
Each laminate material of vertical processing object carries out cutting process, be achieved in each laminate material inside and outside contour separately machined, thus real
The more fine processing of the existing each layer of part and finishing are processed；
(4) adhesion process: each layer that will be processed respectively by step (3) passes through solder each other according to its ordering
Bonded, the adhesion process of whole part is completed with this；
(5) solid molten compound welding shapes: the whole part after the adhesion process that will be obtained by step (4) is with overall shape
Formula carries out heating and is combined, and is shaped with the solid molten compound welding realizing part, in this way, completes the soldering one-tenth of whole complex parts
Shape.
As it is further preferred that the plate selected by described each layer is identical or different.
As it is further preferred that the lift height of described each layer is identical or different.
In general, by the contemplated above technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art, mainly possess following
Technological merit:
1. the inventive method is based on discrete/stack shaping and layering Forming Theory, the shape complexity according to part and essence
The requirement of degree and contour feature, layering completes the bonding of part and welding shapes, and has that shaping efficiency is high, the suitability is wide, becomes
This low advantage.
2. the present invention formulates the corresponding NC instruction of each layer according to the stl model of each layer of part, realizes each laminate material wheel wide
Accurate processing, the retrofit of the inside and outside contour completing each layer of part successively, forming accuracy is high, and waste material in forming process
Few, greatly improve the utilization rate of material.
3. the present invention is close to shaped solid, and in forming process, part does not need to be supported, and can achieve and various has
The shaping of the part of complicated shape, the present invention adopts the solid molten compound welding of wlding to shape, have that deformation is little, formability is stable,
The advantages of no arc light radiation pollution, labor condition are good.
Brief description
Fig. 1 (a) -1 (e) is the forming process of solid cylinder aluminum alloy part；
Fig. 2 (a) -2 (e) is the forming process of middle pertusate complexity metal parts.
Specific embodiment
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as additionally, involved technical characteristic in each embodiment of invention described below
The conflict of not constituting each other just can be mutually combined.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of as shown in Figure 1 the solid molten compound of solid cylinder aluminum alloy part that be applied to increases material manufacturing process, its bag
Include following steps:
(1) referring to Fig. 1 (a), part cad is set up according to the 3D shape of target solid cylinder aluminum alloy part and size
Geometric model, extracts the stl model of part, is 1.5mm according to the actual shaping form of part and size Selection lift height；Ginseng
See that stl model, according to stl model and lift height, is divided into 5 thickness by hierarchy slicing software in units of 1.5mm by Fig. 1 (b)
Degree is the layer of 1.5mm, 1-3 layer choosing aluminium sheet in the present embodiment, the 4th layer choosing insulation board, the 5th layer choosing copper coin；
(2) extract the inside and outside contour point of the stl model of each layer, be then based on these inside and outside contour points and execute respectively at filling
Reason, generates the NC instruction corresponding with the processing of each layer by computer according to these profile point；
(3) select thickness be 1.5mm's and material corresponding with each layer shaping plate as each layer processing object,
The NC instruction corresponding with the processing of each layer being generated according to step (2) using cutter sweep, along the profile traces difference of each layer
Cutting process is carried out to each laminate material, is achieved in the processing of the inside and outside contour of each laminate material, thus realizing the more smart of each layer
Thin finishing is processed, referring specifically to Fig. 1 (c)；
(4) will be bonded each other by solder according to its ordering by each layer that step (3) processes respectively,
As shown in Fig. 1 (c), 1-3 layer is aluminium sheet, and each layer bonds successively, and then the upper surface in third layer bonds the 4th layer exhausted
Listrium, finally in the copper coin of the 4th layer of upper surface bonding layer 5, until complete the adhesion process of whole part；
(5) the whole part after the adhesion process that will be obtained by step (4) referring to Fig. 1 (d) carries out compound (this mistake of heating
Journey, according to the actual processing needs of part, can pressurize or be not pressurized), obtain what the admittedly molten composite brazing as shown in Fig. 1 (e) shaped
Solid cylinder aluminum alloy part.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of as shown in Figure 2 the solid molten compound of middle hole complexity metal parts that be applied to increases material manufacturing process, its
Comprise the steps:
(1) referring to Fig. 2 (a), the 3D shape according to target part and size set up part cad geometric model, extract zero
The stl model of part, according to the actual shaping form of part and size Selection lift height, in actual mechanical process, this layering
Thickness can be selected according to actual needs, the shape according to part and complexity, and every layer of lift height can be identical
Or different, it requires to determine, operator can reasonably be selected as needed and divide by the processing technique of part, this
In embodiment, the lift height of each layer is selected to be 1mm；Referring to Fig. 2 (b) according to stl model and lift height, cut by layering
Stl model is divided into multiple thickness to be the layer of 1mm in units of 1mm by piece software, and the material of each layer choosing will by part process
Ask decision, the same plate of each layer choosing in the present embodiment；
(2) extract the inside and outside contour point of the stl model of each layer, be then based on these inside and outside contour points and execute respectively at filling
Reason, generates the NC instruction corresponding with the processing of each layer by computer according to these profile point；
(3) identical that thickness is 1mm is selected to shape plate as the processing object of each layer, using cutter sweep according to step
Suddenly the NC instruction corresponding with the processing of each layer that (2) generate, the profile traces along each layer carry out cutting process to each layer respectively,
It is achieved in the processing of the inside and outside contour to each layer, thus the more fine finishing realizing each layer is processed, referring specifically to Fig. 2
(c)；
(4) will be bonded each other by solder according to its ordering by each layer that step (3) processes respectively,
As shown in Fig. 2 (c), until completing the adhesion process of whole part；
(5) the whole part after the adhesion process that will be obtained by step (4) as shown in Fig. 2 (d) carries out heating compound (being somebody's turn to do
Process, according to the actual processing needs of part, can be pressurizeed and also can be not pressurized), until the soldering completing whole part shapes, finally
Obtain the target part meeting condition as shown in Fig. 2 (e).
In addition, it is contemplated that the redundant brazing filler metal of complicated shape inside parts is difficult to remove, can will be added respectively by step (3)
Work each layer out first bonds successively according to its ordering becomes multiple segmentation adherends, above-mentioned multiple segmentation adherends combinations
It is just whole part together；The multiple segmentation adherends obtaining are pressurizeed respectively or no pressure soldering (is heated multiple
Close), the piecewise welding completing part shapes, and then removes the redundant brazing filler metal of every intrasegmental part paragraph by paragraph；Then each segmentation is glued
Fit bonding successively according to its ordering is completely bonded into body with form whole part, finally by this complete bonding
Formed body is pressurizeed or no pressure soldering (heating compound) again, until the soldering completing whole part shapes, finally gives
Meet the target part of condition.After each above-mentioned segmentation adherend carries out soldering, if precision does not reach requirement, can be in same work
Piecewise on position carry out machining, to improve the precision of part further.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to
Limit the present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principles in the present invention etc., all should comprise
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of solid molten compound material manufacturing process that increases being applied to complex parts is it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) modeling and layered shaping: the 3D shape according to formation of parts and size set up part cad geometric model, extract zero
The stl model of part, the then shape and size selection lift height according to part, using hierarchy slicing software with lift height be
Described stl model partition is multiple layers by unit；
(2) extraction to each layer profile point operates: extracts its inside and outside contour respectively to by multiple layers that step (1) is divided
Point, is then based on these inside and outside contour points and executes filling process respectively, thus generate the NC instruction corresponding with the processing of each layer；
(3) processed to each layer of part: from thickness be each lift height plate as each layer processing object, then
The NC instruction corresponding with the processing of each layer being generated according to step (2) by cutter sweep, is added as independent to each respectively
Each laminate material of work object carries out cutting process, be achieved in each laminate material inside and outside contour separately machined, thus realizing zero
The more fine processing of each layer of part is processed with finishing；
(4) adhesion process: each layer being processed respectively by step (3) is carried out by solder each other according to its ordering
Bonding, completes the adhesion process of whole part with this；
(5) solid molten compound welding shapes: the whole part after the adhesion process that will be obtained by step (4) is entered with overall form
Row heating is compound, is shaped with the solid molten compound welding realizing part, in this way, the soldering completing whole complex parts shapes.
2. a kind of the solid molten compound of complex parts that be applied to increases material manufacturing process it is characterised in that institute as claimed in claim 1
The plate selected by each layer stated is identical or different.
3. a kind of the solid molten compound of complex parts that be applied to increases material manufacturing process it is characterised in that institute as claimed in claim 2
The lift height of each layer stated is identical or different.
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| CN105773072A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-07-20 | 北京航科精机科技有限公司 | Method for additive manufacturing of complex metal part through sheet layer overlaying |
| CN107180451A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-19 | 北京大学口腔医院 | 3 D-printing method and device |
| CN106670736B (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2018-09-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of layered manufacturing method of coarse scale structures complexity metal component |
| CN106735967B (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2018-10-23 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of method of ultrasonic vibration assistant electric arc increasing material manufacturing control shape control |
| CN107457404B (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2021-01-05 | 华中科技大学 | Additive machining forming method suitable for complex parts and dies |
| CN107671286B (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-06-14 | 北京恒创增材制造技术研究院有限公司 | A method of improving metal 3D printing speed |
| CN109352176B (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2021-06-04 | 江苏镭电嘉成激光科技有限公司 | Ultrahigh-speed 3D printing method for metal parts |
| CN111055036B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-04-30 | 上海微电子装备（集团）股份有限公司 | Metal additive manufacturing method |
| CN110948073A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-04-03 | 北京原宏达技术有限公司 | Manufacturing method of engine cylinder cover |
| CN114193104A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-18 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Valve body machining method and valve body |
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| CN1120773C (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2003-09-10 | 清华大学 | Presplit fast prototype making process |
| US20130186558A1 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2013-07-25 | Stratasys, Inc. | Layer transfusion with heat capacitor belt for additive manufacturing |
| CN103350321B (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2015-07-29 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of metal parts based on contour feature increases material manufacture method |
| CN104028758B (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2016-01-20 | 成都三鼎日新激光科技有限公司 | A kind of heat sink preparation method |
| CN104129149B (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2015-11-04 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | A kind of lamination of composite increases material manufacture method |
| CN104550959A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-29 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Forming method of metal composite part |
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