CN106738908B - Rapid multi-sintering additive manufacturing equipment and method - Google Patents

Rapid multi-sintering additive manufacturing equipment and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106738908B
CN106738908B CN201710059570.1A CN201710059570A CN106738908B CN 106738908 B CN106738908 B CN 106738908B CN 201710059570 A CN201710059570 A CN 201710059570A CN 106738908 B CN106738908 B CN 106738908B
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sintering
powder
area
radiation
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CN106738908A (en
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耿得力
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Guangzhou Hengrui Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Guangzhou Hengrui Electronic Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/49—Scanners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The utility model discloses a rapid multi-sintering additive manufacturing device and a rapid multi-sintering additive manufacturing method, wherein the device comprises a powder bed subsystem, a surface sintering subsystem and a wire sintering subsystem which are arranged on a rack; the method comprises the following steps: 1. dividing each layer of forming area, namely a sintering area into a surface sintering area and a line sintering area surrounding the surface sintering area, and arranging a heat radiation source above the powder bed; 3. paving a layer of molding powder on the powder bed; 4. sintering the wire sintering region on the layer of the molding powder; 5. changing the absorptivity of the partial region of the working layer molding powder to the radiation of the heat radiation source; 6. paving a layer of molding powder on the powder bed to form working layer molding powder; 7. sintering a forming line sintering area on the layer of forming powder, and 8, changing the absorptivity of the forming powder of the working layer; 9. and repeating the steps 6 to 8 until the whole forming process is completed. The utility model has the advantages of combining surface sintering and wire sintering, improving the forming speed and ensuring the forming precision.

Description

Rapid multi-sintering additive manufacturing equipment and method
Technical Field
The utility model relates to rapid multi-sintering additive manufacturing equipment and method, belongs to additive manufacturing technology, and particularly belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing based on powder sintering.
Background
Currently, additive manufacturing techniques have been increasingly used in industrial production over decades of development. The laser selective sintering (SLS) technology sinters powder together in a laser scanning mode to form a required part, and the laser selective sintering (SLS) technology has the advantages of wide application materials, high molding precision and good mechanical property of the part, so that the laser selective sintering (SLS) technology is applied to manufacturing functional parts in more and more industrial application fields.
US patent 4863538A discloses a method and apparatus for manufacturing components by selective sintering. The apparatus includes a computer controlled laser to direct laser energy onto the powder to produce a sintered mass. For each cross section, the target of the laser beam is scanned over the powder layer and the powder within the cross section boundaries is sintered. By applying a subsequent layer of powder and performing said scan sintering until a complete part is formed. The SLS forming mode of the technology is to scan one or more laser lines to form powder, so that the temperature of the powder is increased to achieve the purpose of sintering, and the forming speed of the scanning mode is slower, so that the application range of the technology is limited.
For example, patent publication No. CN106322983A discloses a denture soft alloy sintering furnace, which relates to the field of high-temperature sintering equipment. The artificial tooth soft alloy sintering furnace comprises an annular hearth heating system, a gas supply system, a sintering disc sleeving system, a material carrying table lifting system and a man-machine control system. The sintering disc sleeving system adopts a protective atmosphere circulating system formed by a large high-temperature ceramic sintering disc and a small high-temperature ceramic sintering disc, gas supplied by a gas supply system is protective gas, the protective gas is argon, the material carrying table lifting system is an electrodynamic lifting system, the gas supply system is provided with a flowmeter, and the gas supply system is connected with the sintering disc sleeving system through a gas pipe.
For example, patent publication No. CN106310540a discloses a beam shaping body for neutron capture therapy, comprising a beam inlet, a target, a buffer body adjacent to the target, a reflector surrounding the buffer body, a thermal neutron absorber adjacent to the buffer body, a radiation shield and a beam outlet disposed within the beam shaping body, the target undergoing nuclear reaction with a proton beam incident from the beam inlet to produce neutrons, the neutrons forming a neutron beam defining a main axis, the buffer body decelerating neutrons produced from the target to an epithermal neutron energy region, the buffer body being made of a material containing at least one of LiF, li2CO3, al2O3, alF3, caF2 or MgF2, and being agglomerated from powder or powder compacts by a powder sintering process via a powder sintering device, the reflector directing neutrons off the main axis back to the main axis to increase the epithermal neutron beam strength, the thermal neutron absorber being used to absorb thermal neutrons to avoid excessive doses with shallow normal tissues during therapy, the radiation shield being used to shield leaking neutrons and photons to reduce tissue doses in non-irradiated regions.
For example, publication No. CN205881682U discloses a process ring for annular ferrite cores. The whole process ring is of a circular ring structure, the upper surface and the lower surface of the process ring are planes, and more than two ventilation openings are arranged on the lower surface; the vent is a groove arranged on the lower surface of the ferrite magnetic core process ring, and the groove is communicated with the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the process ring; the groove is of an arc structure, the depth of the groove is not higher than half of the width of the side face of the process ring, and the width of the groove is not higher than the length of the radius of the side face of the process ring. The utility model has novel structure and simple and reasonable design. Through the ventilation openings which are arranged on the process ring and penetrate through the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the process ring, wind flow provided by the sintering equipment can enter from the lower part of the cylinder through the four ventilation openings and then is discharged from the upper part, so that wind flow circulation is formed. For example, patent publication No. CN205860766U discloses a zirconia sintering furnace, which comprises an annular hearth heating system, a sintering furnace body, a sintering disc, a material carrying table lifting system and a man-machine control system. The man-machine control system adopts a touch screen PID+PLC control system, a heating curve is dynamically displayed in real time, a sintering process curve can be edited and pre-stored, sintering data can be automatically stored, a USB interface is configured, the man-machine control system can be remotely controlled by a PC, the material carrying table lifting system adopts an automatic lifting structure, the sintering disc adopts a stackable structure, and the annular hearth heating system adopts a heating element annular arrangement structure.
In summary, the conventional prior art has the disadvantage that the conventional SLS/SLM forming method is slower because the forming speed is slower due to the scanning forming of one or more laser lines; the powder-based 3DP additive manufacturing technology is to spray glue to the powder, so that the initial forming strength is not high, the subsequent treatment is complex, and the functional part is difficult to form.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide rapid multi-sintering additive manufacturing equipment and method capable of overcoming the technical problems. The utility model overcomes the defects of the traditional technology, and provides a Fast Multi-Sintering (Fast Multi-Sintering) additive manufacturing method and equipment for realizing the Fast Multi-Sintering additive manufacturing method.
The rapid multi-sintering additive manufacturing equipment consists of a powder bed subsystem, a surface sintering subsystem and a wire sintering subsystem which are arranged on a rack; the powder bed subsystem comprises a forming platform which is vertically lifted, a powder conveying device and a powder paving device, wherein the powder conveying device conveys formed powder to the powder paving device, the powder paving device stacks the formed powder above the forming platform to form a powder bed, the upper surface of the powder bed comprises a sintering area for sintering and solidifying, and the sintering area consists of a surface sintering area and a line sintering area which is enclosed outside the surface sintering area; the surface sintering subsystem comprises a heat radiation source and a surface sintering initiation device; the surface sintering initiation device can change the radiation absorptivity of the molding powder of the surface sintering area to the heat radiation source, so that the molding powder of the surface sintering area can be sintered by absorbing the radiation of the heat radiation source to cause the temperature of the molding powder to be increased; the wire sintering subsystem comprises a wire sintering energy source, a laser scanning device and a focusing device; the focusing device focuses the radiation of the line sintering energy source on the upper surface of the powder bed, and the laser scanning device scans the line sintering area, so that the temperature of the formed powder in the area is increased to achieve sintering by absorbing the radiation of the line sintering energy source.
The surface sintering is performed in a two-dimensional planar manner, and the sintering speed is high, but due to the power limitation of the heat radiation source and the change rate range of the radiation absorptivity of the molding powder to the heat radiation source, the temperature difference between the surface sintering region and the non-sintering region is small, and particularly the temperature difference gradient at the transition part from the sintering region to the non-sintering region is relatively mild, the surface sintering contour precision is often not high, and the non-sintering region refers to the part outside the sintering region.
In order to overcome the problem of low surface sintering profile accuracy, a wire sintering area is surrounded outside the surface sintering area, and the wire sintering subsystem focuses the wire sintering energy source to achieve higher sintering power density in the sintering area of the powder bed, so that the wire sintering energy source has higher sintering profile accuracy, however, because the wire sintering is performed in a wire scanning manner, the wire sintering speed is relatively low.
The surface sintering initiation device comprises a liquid numerical control spray head mounted on a horizontal movement device, wherein the liquid numerical control spray head sprays radiation absorbent to the surface sintering region and changes the radiation absorptivity of the region to the heat radiation source.
The surface sintering initiation device comprises an initiation light projection device and the molding powder comprises photosensitive material, the initiation light projection device projects initiation light to the surface sintering region, so that the absorption spectrum of the photosensitive material of the molding powder is changed, the absorptivity of the photosensitive material of the molding powder to radiation of a heat radiation source is changed, and the temperature of the molding powder in the surface sintering region is increased to achieve sintering.
The wire sintering energy source is a laser. The molding powder is nylon powder. Since the basic structure of a powder 3D printer is already standard, it is a well-known technique, and therefore, it is not described too much.
The utility model discloses a rapid multi-sintering additive manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps of:
1. each layer of molding region, i.e., sintering region, is divided into a face sintering region and a wire sintering region enclosed outside the face sintering region. The wire sintering region comprises the outer contour of the forming region and can also comprise an internal connecting rib structure planned according to a certain filling proportion, wherein the certain filling proportion is specifically more than 0 and less than 50 percent; the face sintering area is the remaining interior enclosed planar space. The wire sintering area can improve the precision through laser sintering; the surface sintering area is sintered by radiation irradiation, which is beneficial to improving the forming speed.
2. A heat radiation source is arranged above the powder bed;
3. paving a layer of molding powder on the powder bed to form working layer molding powder;
4. shaping the wire sintering region by focusing and scanning radiation of a wire sintering energy source on the layer of shaped powder;
5. changing the absorptivity of the partial region of the working layer forming powder to the radiation of the heat radiation source, so that the surface sintering region is sintered due to the fact that the temperature of the surface sintering region is increased due to the fact that the radiation of the heat radiation source is absorbed more; in one aspect there are various methods of altering the absorption of heat source radiation including, but not limited to, spraying a heat source radiation absorber, altering the absorption spectrum of photosensitive material in the shaped powder by inducing light; on the other hand, changing the radiation absorptivity of the heat source can be positive or negative, for example, the radiation absorptivity of the sintering region can be increased, and the radiation absorptivity of the non-sintering region can be reduced;
6. paving a layer of molding powder on the powder bed to form working layer molding powder;
7. sintering said wire sintering region on the layer of the formed powder by focusing and scanning radiation of a wire sintering energy source and bonding with the sintered portion of the previous layer;
8. changing the absorptivity of the partial region of the working layer forming powder to the radiation of the heat radiation source, so that the surface sintering region is sintered due to the temperature rise caused by the more absorption of the radiation of the heat radiation source and is combined with the sintered part of the previous layer;
9. and repeating the steps 6 to 8 until the whole forming process is completed.
In addition, for the suspended area, the non-sintered area of the previous layer corresponding to the overlapped sintering area of the working layer adopts a wire sintering mode to improve the forming precision.
The utility model has the advantages that the surface sintering and the wire sintering are combined, the forming speed is greatly improved, and the forming precision is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a rapid multiple sintering additive manufacturing apparatus according to the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the horizontal movement device according to the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a molded part formed by the process of the present utility model.
In the figure, a 1-frame, a 2-laser scanning device, a 3-liquid numerical control spray head, a 4-horizontal movement device, a 5-radiation absorber, 6-molding powder, a 7-heat radiation source, an 8-powder storage cavity, a 9-powder molding cavity, a 10-powder pushing platform, an 11-molding platform, a 12-powder laying device, a 13-surface sintering area, a 14-line sintering area, a 15-inkjet subsystem transverse guide rail, a 16-inkjet subsystem transverse slide block, a 17-inkjet subsystem longitudinal guide rail, an 18-inkjet subsystem longitudinal slide block, a 19-molding area backbone outer contour and a 20-molding area backbone connecting rib.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The basic construction of powder additive manufacturing equipment, powder handling, powder storage, powder transport, powder laying, and modeling slices involved in additive manufacturing methods create shaped regions per layer and the principle of layered construction is a well known technique and will not be described in detail here.
As shown in fig. 1, the rapid multiple sintering additive manufacturing apparatus of the present utility model is composed of a powder bed subsystem, a laser scanning subsystem, an inkjet printing subsystem, and a heat radiation source 7 mounted on a frame 1.
The powder bed subsystem comprises a vertical lifting forming platform 11, a powder conveying device and a powder paving device 12; the powder conveying device consists of a powder storage cavity 8 and a powder pushing platform 10; the powder pushing platform 10 is part of a powder handling device. The powder laying device stacks the molding powder 6 above the molding platform 11 to form a powder bed, namely the powder bed is formed by the molding powder 6 between the powder molding cavity 9 and the molding platform 11; the upper surface of the powder bed comprises a sintering area for sintering and solidifying, and the sintering area consists of a surface sintering area and a line sintering area which surrounds the outside of the surface sintering area.
The surface sintering subsystem comprises a heat radiation source 7 and a surface sintering initiation device; the surface sintering initiation device can change the radiation absorptivity of the molding powder of the surface sintering area to the heat radiation source, so that the molding powder of the surface sintering area can be sintered by absorbing the radiation of the heat radiation source to cause the temperature of the molding powder to be increased; for example, the surface sintering initiation device is an inkjet printing subsystem that ejects ink capable of changing the radiation absorption of the shaped powder to the source of thermal radiation; the ink jet printing subsystem comprises an infusion device, a spray head maintenance device, a horizontal movement device 4 and a liquid numerical control spray head 3 arranged on the horizontal movement device 4.
The laser scanning subsystem comprises a laser (not shown in the figure), a laser scanning device 2 and a focusing device (not shown in the figure) as a line sintering subsystem; the focusing device focuses the radiation of the line sintering energy source on the upper surface of the powder bed, and the laser scanning device 2 scans the line sintering area, so that the temperature of the formed powder in the area is increased to achieve sintering by absorbing the radiation of the line sintering energy source. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a numerical control nozzle of the surface sintering initiation device.
The horizontal movement device shown in fig. 2 comprises two lateral inkjet subsystem guide rails 15 mounted on the frame 1, and two lateral inkjet subsystem sliding blocks 16 capable of sliding on the lateral inkjet subsystem guide rails 15 respectively, wherein a longitudinal inkjet subsystem guide rail 17 is mounted between the two lateral inkjet subsystem sliding blocks 16, and a longitudinal inkjet subsystem sliding block 18 longitudinally moves on the longitudinal inkjet subsystem guide rail 17. The inkjet subsystem longitudinal slide 18 is therefore capable of horizontal movement within the area defined by the inkjet subsystem transverse rail 15 and the inkjet subsystem longitudinal rail 17. In addition, a liquid numerical control nozzle 3 is mounted on the longitudinal sliding block 18 of the ink jet subsystem, the liquid numerical control nozzle 3 can horizontally move in the area limited by the transverse guide rail 15 of the ink jet subsystem and the longitudinal guide rail 17 of the ink jet subsystem, and the area limited by the transverse guide rail 15 of the ink jet subsystem and the longitudinal guide rail 17 of the ink jet subsystem can cover the area of the forming platform 11 in the powder forming cavity 9, so that the set ink jet operation is completed.
The radiation of the heat radiation source 7 is infrared, in particular near infrared, while the radiation of the heat radiation source 7 also comprises a visible light component; the selection of the heat radiation source 7 includes, but is not limited to, a ceramic infrared source, a halogen lamp, a carbon fiber infrared source, and is specifically selected according to the absorptivity of the molding powder to heat radiation and the absorptivity of the molding powder to heat radiation after initiation of surface sintering.
The wire sintering zone of the forming zone as shown in fig. 3 includes at least the outer contour of the forming zone, while the wire sintering zone of the forming zone can also contain internal reinforcing rib structures in order to increase the mechanical strength of the formed part and reduce deformation during the forming process.
The wire sintering region and the face sintering region of the molding region can have a partial overlap. The overlap region undergoes both a wire sintering operation and a face sintering operation. The first way of overlap is by overlapping edges where the wire sintering region meets the face sintering region, the area of the edge overlap typically not exceeding two-thirds of the area of the wire sintering region. The edge overlap has the advantages that: on one hand, the bonding strength between the wire sintering area and the surface sintering area is increased; on the other hand, the requirement of alignment precision between the wire sintering area and the surface sintering area can be reduced, the cost is reduced, and the reliability is improved. The second overlapping mode is that the mesh structure is formed by the part of the line sintering area and the part of the surface sintering area is covered and overlapped, and the second overlapping mode can be also regarded as the situation that part of the reinforcing rib structure is overlapped with the surface sintering area. The overlapping portion is generally subjected to a wire sintering operation before a surface sintering operation, with the purpose of reducing warpage and shrinkage deformation of the surface sintering region by reducing the partial area of the surface sintering region while providing an adhesion structure in the surface sintering region.
In addition, the molding sequence of the wire sintering area and the surface sintering area of the molding area can be exchanged and crossed, namely, the wire sintering area is molded firstly and then the surface sintering area is molded, or the wire sintering area is molded firstly and then the wire sintering area is molded, or the molding sequence is performed alternately, for example, the reinforcing ribs of the backbone are molded firstly and then the surface sintering area is molded, and finally the outer contour of the backbone is molded. Since the radiation absorption and sintering of the shaped powder to the heat radiation source 7 are involved, the sintering temperature of the shaped powder used is generally selected to be 600 degrees or less, including low melting point alloys and high molecular materials such as nylon powder.
The utility model discloses a rapid multi-sintering additive manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps of:
1. each layer of molding region, i.e., sintering region, is divided into a face sintering region and a wire sintering region enclosed outside the face sintering region. The wire sintering zone comprises the outer contour 19 of the forming zone and can also comprise internal web structures 20 planned according to a certain filling ratio, in particular a filling ratio of more than 0 and less than 50%; as shown in fig. 3; the face sintering area is the remaining interior enclosed planar space. The wire sintering area can improve the precision through laser sintering; the surface sintering area is sintered by radiation irradiation, which is beneficial to improving the forming speed.
2. A heat radiation source is arranged above the powder bed;
3. paving a layer of molding powder on the powder bed to form working layer molding powder;
4. shaping the wire sintering region by focusing and scanning radiation of a wire sintering energy source on the layer of shaped powder;
5. changing the absorptivity of the partial region of the working layer forming powder to the radiation of the heat radiation source, so that the surface sintering region is sintered due to the fact that the temperature of the surface sintering region is increased due to the fact that the radiation of the heat radiation source is absorbed more; in one aspect there are various methods of altering the absorption of heat source radiation including, but not limited to, spraying a heat source radiation absorber, altering the absorption spectrum of photosensitive material in the shaped powder by inducing light; on the other hand, changing the radiation absorptivity of the heat source can be positive or negative, for example, the radiation absorptivity of the sintering region can be increased, and the radiation absorptivity of the non-sintering region can be reduced;
6. paving a layer of molding powder on the powder bed to form working layer molding powder;
7. sintering said wire sintering region on the layer of the formed powder by focusing and scanning radiation of a wire sintering energy source and bonding with the sintered portion of the previous layer;
8. changing the absorptivity of the partial region of the working layer forming powder to the radiation of the heat radiation source, so that the surface sintering region is sintered due to the temperature rise caused by the more absorption of the radiation of the heat radiation source and is combined with the sintered part of the previous layer;
9. and repeating the steps 6 to 8 until the whole forming process is completed.
In addition, for the suspended area, the non-sintered area of the previous layer corresponding to the overlapped sintering area of the working layer adopts a wire sintering mode to improve the forming precision.
The above description is only specific embodiments of the present utility model, but the scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily come within the scope of the present utility model as those skilled in the art can easily come within the scope of the present utility model defined by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A rapid multiple sintering additive manufacturing apparatus, comprising: a powder bed subsystem, a surface sintering subsystem and a wire sintering subsystem which are arranged on the frame; the powder bed subsystem comprises a vertical lifting forming platform, a powder conveying device and a powder paving device, wherein the powder conveying device conveys formed powder to the powder paving device, the powder paving device stacks the formed powder above the forming platform to form a powder bed, the upper surface of the powder bed comprises a sintering area for sintering and solidifying, the sintering area comprises a surface sintering area and a line sintering area surrounding the surface sintering area, and meanwhile, in order to increase the mechanical strength of a formed part and reduce the deformation of a forming process, the line sintering area further comprises internal reinforcing ribs; the surface sintering subsystem comprises a heat radiation source and a surface sintering initiation device;
the surface sintering initiation device can change the radiation absorptivity of the molding powder of the surface sintering area to the heat radiation source, so that the molding powder of the surface sintering area can be sintered by absorbing the radiation of the heat radiation source to cause the temperature of the molding powder to be increased; the wire sintering subsystem comprises a wire sintering energy source, a laser scanning device and a focusing device; the focusing device focuses the radiation of the line sintering energy source on the upper surface of the powder bed, and the laser scanning device scans the line sintering area, so that the temperature of the formed powder in the area is increased to achieve sintering by absorbing the radiation of the line sintering energy source;
the wire sintering region and the surface sintering region are overlapped by not more than two thirds of the area of the wire sintering region, and part of the wire sintering region forms a net structure to penetrate and cover part of the surface sintering region to form a covering superposition.
2. A rapid multiple sinter additive manufacturing apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the surface sinter initiation means comprises a liquid digitally controlled spray head mounted on a horizontal motion means, the liquid digitally controlled spray head spraying a radiation absorber onto the surface sinter zone.
3. A rapid multiple sinter additive manufacturing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface sinter initiation means comprises an initiation light projection means that projects initiation light onto the surface sinter zone and the shaped powder comprises a photosensitive material.
4. A rapid multiple sintering additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the line sintering energy source is a laser.
5. A rapid multiple sintering additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the shaped powder is nylon powder.
6. A rapid multi-sintering additive manufacturing device and method are characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Dividing each layer of forming area, namely the sintering area, into a surface sintering area and a line sintering area surrounding the surface sintering area, wherein the line sintering area comprises the outer contour of the forming area and can also comprise an internal connecting rib structure planned according to a certain filling proportion, and the certain filling proportion is specifically more than 0 and less than 50 percent; the surface sintering area is the rest of the internal closed plane space, and the line sintering area can improve the precision through laser sintering; the surface sintering area is sintered in a radiation irradiation mode, so that the forming speed is improved;
(2) A heat radiation source is arranged above the powder bed;
(3) Paving a layer of molding powder on the powder bed to form working layer molding powder;
(4) Forming the wire sintering region on the layer of formed powder by focusing and scanning radiation of a wire sintering energy source;
(5) Changing the absorptivity of the partial region of the working layer forming powder to the radiation of the heat radiation source, so that the surface sintering region is sintered due to the fact that the temperature of the surface sintering region is increased due to the fact that the radiation of the heat radiation source is absorbed more; in one aspect, there are various methods of changing the absorptivity of heat source radiation, including spraying a heat source radiation absorber, and changing the absorption spectrum of photosensitive material in the shaped powder by inducing light; on the other hand, the change of the radiation absorptivity of the heat source can be positive or negative, so that the radiation absorptivity of the sintering area can be increased, and the radiation absorptivity of the non-sintering area can be reduced;
(6) Paving a layer of molding powder on the powder bed to form working layer molding powder;
(7) Sintering said wire sintering region on the layer of the formed powder by focusing and scanning radiation of a wire sintering energy source and bonding with the sintered portion of the previous layer;
(8) Changing the absorptivity of the partial region of the working layer forming powder to the radiation of the heat radiation source, so that the surface sintering region is sintered due to the temperature rise caused by the more radiation of the heat radiation source absorbed and is combined with the sintered part of the previous layer;
(9) Repeating the steps (6) to (8) until the whole forming process is completed.
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