CN100386173C - Laser rapid-forming method based on contour scanning of coated powder materials - Google Patents
Laser rapid-forming method based on contour scanning of coated powder materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN100386173C CN100386173C CNB2005102007792A CN200510200779A CN100386173C CN 100386173 C CN100386173 C CN 100386173C CN B2005102007792 A CNB2005102007792 A CN B2005102007792A CN 200510200779 A CN200510200779 A CN 200510200779A CN 100386173 C CN100386173 C CN 100386173C
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013316 zoning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a laser fast forming method based on scanning a contour line of a film coated powder material, which belongs to the technical field of fast formation in laser processing. In the present invention, firstly, a computer controls a laser light beam to scan the contour of the film coated powder material according to the Z-direction layered contour line information of a three-dimensional CAD model; the film coated powder material scanned by the laser light beam is heated, the temperature of the material is risen to the temperature higher than the consolidation temperature of the powder material, a film coated layer on the outer surface of the powder material loses consolidation performance, and a failure division line the same with the contour line is formed; then, a piston of a worktable descends the height of the thickness of one layer, and the operation of strewing powder and scanning the contour is carried out until the three-dimensional contour is scanned over; finally, the film coated powder material is integrally heated, a consolidation member obtained after heating is separated by using the three-dimensional contour losing the consolidation performance as a boundary, and a three-dimensional entity is obtained. The present invention can be used for fast making the three-dimensional entity with a complicated shape and has the characteristics of high forming speed and high efficiency; formed members have the advantages of high density and strength, high precision, high surface finish quality, etc.
Description
Technical field
Laser rapid-forming method based on contour scanning of coated powder materials belongs to Laser Processing rapid shaping technique field, particularly electronic 3-D model is made into the method for part or sample.
Background technology
Rapid laser-shaping technique is that the eighties middle and later periods in 20th century is full-fledged and begin commercial a kind of high-new manufacturing technology.Rapid laser-shaping technique can be soon be converted to physical model, part prototype or part with the Computer Aided Design Model (cad model) of product parts.Laser fast shaping is directly driven by cad model, only needs to change cad model, just can obtain corresponding physical entity, has shortened greatly from Conceptual Model Design to the production cycle of producing product or sample.
Typically commercial at present laser rapid-forming method mainly contains following three kinds:
(1) thin material selectivity cutting LOM (Laminating Object Manufacturing).This method is patented by the U.S. Helisys company that is found in 1985 the earliest.The LOM method is material with the film mainly, and laser cuts along required two-dimensional silhouette, will cut back gained pellicular cascade, promptly obtains profiled member.
(2) selective laser sintering SLS (Selected Laser Sintering) claims selective laser sintering again.This method is succeeded in developing in 1989 by texas,U.S university Austin branch school, and this SLS patent is transferred the DTM company of the U.S., and from then on the SLST skill has obtained developing rapidly.This process using has the dusty material of sintering character, by computer three-dimensional CAD model is carried out layering, obtain a series of cross sections information, laser beam carries out the scanning of selectivity face territory according to the cross section information of each layer to this layer dusty material, sintering goes out two-dimensional section, sintering links to each other between the two adjacent layer cross sections, and so circulation can obtain the 3D solid consistent with the cad model shape.
(3) photocuring moulding SL (Stereo Lithography) method claims stereolithography, Seterolithography etc. again, is a kind of quick molding method that the C.Hull of the U.S. succeeded in developing in 1986, obtains United States Patent (USP).Does U.S. 3D Systems company in 1988 release first Tianwan businessman and uses model machine SLA?The apparatus of SL method skill is similar with SLS, has omitted shop powder operation, many supporting mechanisms.The SL technology is based on the photopolymerization principle work of liquid photosensitive resin.Photopolymerization reaction can take place rapidly in this liquid material under the UV-irradiation of certain wavelength and intensity, relative molecular mass sharply increases, and material also just changes from liquid to solid.
More than three kinds of typical laser rapid-forming methods its advantage is respectively arranged, still, more than three kinds of methods all come with some shortcomings:
The LOM method also needs need to carry out grid with laser to outer " waste material " part of profile and divides so that remove except that machining profile information.This method waste of material is bigger, and the material range of choice is narrow, generally can only adopt continuous thin materials such as paper, can not be with powder body material such as overlay film powder, and also every layer thickness can not adjust, and this is that itself technology determines.
The SLS method makes molding time longer because it need carry out laser scanning to the face territory of each aspect, and laser sintered deficiency such as the ubiquity density is low, intensity is low, poor dimensional precision and surface smoothness are low.
The SL method need be carried out the face territory scanning in each cross section, and needs to consider to add to support, so moulding process is complicated, molding time is longer, and material selects face narrower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of laser rapid-forming method based on contour scanning of coated powder materials; The present invention can directly be made into 3D solid with electronic 3-D model, has kept the advantage of SLS method, has overcome that SLS formed body intensity is low, the LOM method can't be processed deficiencies such as powder body material;
Technical scheme of the present invention is seen accompanying drawing 1, may further comprise the steps:
(1) finish the moulding of three-dimensional CAD model on computers, at Z to carrying out the AUTOMATIC ZONING section; To the cut into slices 2-d contour information of each layer of gained of computer is transferred to the two-dimension optical scanning system.
(2) the two-dimension optical scanning system is according to the two-dimensional silhouette information of the current aspect of gained, the control laser beam carries out profile scan to coated powder materials, be heated by the coated powder materials of laser scanning and be warming up to more than the used coated powder materials consolidation temperature, make the outer surface overlay film layer of coated powder materials lose fixed performance, form the fixed performance failure cut-off rule consistent with outline line.
(3) piston of workbench is under the control of computer lift height, and the bed thickness that descends is spread powder again, and repeating step (2) is until the required three-D profile been scanned of moulding.
(4) coated powder materials is taken out after with the heating plate preheating carry out integral body and add hot consolidation and strengthen, because consolidated articles inside has included by losing of laser scanning the three-D profile interface of fixed performance, so consolidated articles will come with this interfacial separation, obtain 3D solid with the three-dimensional CAD model unanimity.
The coated powder materials that the present invention adopts has sintering character, and the top layer film of this coated powder materials will be destroyed after being heated to uniform temperature, loses its sintering character.
After the laser beam line focus among the present invention, laser facula energy and sweep speed are controlled within the following effective scope: being heated by the outer surface overlay film layer of the scanned coated powder materials of this laser beam on anterior layer is warming up to destruction, loses its sintering character; And the sintering character of the coated powder materials on track while scan next door is unaffected, is in loose or little sintering state.
Obtain aspect the outline line to AUTOMATIC ZONING section at Z, the present invention has adopted the method for cubic polynomial piecewise fitting outline line.Aspect the laser scanning motion control, adopted straight line and circular interpolation movement control technology to come the match arbitrary curve, guaranteed the precision of actual motion.
Effect of the present invention with benefit is: compare with present existent method and gained profiled member thereof, shaping speed and efficient are greatly improved, and profiled member is fixed by the whole heating of conventional method gained, have the precision height, the surface smoothness height, characteristics such as density and intensity height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system schematic of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1 computer; 2 laser beams; 3 two-dimension optical scanning systems; 4 three-D profiles; 5 workbench; 6 pistons; 7 coated powder materials; 8 heating plates.
Fig. 2 is for using " 8 " font sterogram of the actual moulding of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is for using the bevel gear sterogram of the actual moulding of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with technical scheme and accompanying drawing, be described in detail most preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: make " 8 " font entity
At first finish the shape-designing of the three-dimensional CAD model of " 8 " font in computer 1, carry out Z again to layering, bed thickness is 0.6 millimeter, and extracts the outline line information of each layer.Open laser instrument and adjust the power of laser instrument, start kinetic control system.On workbench 5, spread the coated powder materials of a bed thickness, laser beam 2 is under the control of computer 1, this layer dusty material carried out the two-dimensional silhouette scanning of " 8 " font, the coated powder materials of working as on the 2-d contour of anterior layer is warming up to loses sintering character, computer control piston 6 descends 0.6 millimeter then, the shop powder of following one deck, contour scanning are until required three-D profile 4 been scanned of moulding.These coated powder materials 7 integral body are carried out the heating plate preheating take out heating reinforcement in heating furnace after 5 minutes, preheat temperature is 200 ℃, and heating-up temperature is 280 ℃, and be 3 minutes heat time heating time.After the gained consolidated articles was taken out also cooling naturally, vibration was just come with the three-D profile interfacial separation of " 8 " font a little, obtains profiled member, as shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 2: make bevel gear
At first finish the shape-designing of the three-dimensional CAD model of bevel gear in computer 1, carry out Z again to layering, bed thickness is 0.6 millimeter, and extracts the outline line information of each layer.Open laser instrument, start computer control system.On workbench 5, spread the coated powder materials of a bed thickness, laser beam 2 is under the control of computer, this layer dusty material carried out the two-dimensional silhouette scanning of bevel gear, the dusty material of working as on the 2-d contour of anterior layer is warming up to loses sintering character, computer control piston 6 descends 0.6 millimeter then, the shop powder of following one deck, contour scanning are until required three-D profile 4 been scanned of moulding.This coated powder materials 7 is carried out the heating plate preheating take out heating reinforcement in heating furnace after 5 minutes, preheat temperature is 200 ℃, and heating-up temperature is 280 ℃, and be 3 minutes heat time heating time.Three-D profile interfacial separation with bevel gear after the gained consolidated articles is taken out comes, and obtains bevel gear, as shown in Figure 3.
Claims (2)
1. laser rapid-forming method based on contour scanning of coated powder materials is characterized in that following steps:
A, on computer (1), finish the moulding of three-dimensional CAD model, at Z to carrying out the AUTOMATIC ZONING section; To the cut into slices 2-d contour information of each layer of gained of computer (1) is transferred to two-dimension optical scanning system (3);
B, two-dimension optical scanning system (3) are according to the two-dimensional silhouette information of the current aspect of gained, control laser beam (2) carries out profile scan to coated powder materials (7), be heated by the coated powder materials of laser scanning (7) and be warming up to more than the used coated powder materials consolidation temperature, make the outer surface overlay film layer of coated powder materials lose fixed performance, form the fixed performance failure cut-off rule consistent with outline line;
The piston (6) of c, workbench (5) is under the control of computer (1) lift height, and the bed thickness that descends is spread powder again, repeating step (B), until the required three-D profile of moulding (4) been scanned:
D, coated powder materials (7) taken out after with heating plate (8) preheating carry out integral body and add hot consolidation and strengthen, because consolidated articles inside has included by losing of laser scanning the three-D profile of fixed performance (4), so consolidated articles will be separated with three-D profile (4), obtain 3D solid with the three-dimensional CAD model unanimity.
2. the laser rapid-forming method based on contour scanning of coated powder materials according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the coated powder materials of employing has sintering character, and the top layer film of this coated powder materials is heated to more than the used coated powder materials consolidation temperature, the outer surface overlay film layer of coated powder materials is heated and is warming up to destruction, loses its sintering character.
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| CNB2005102007792A CN100386173C (en) | 2005-12-09 | 2005-12-09 | Laser rapid-forming method based on contour scanning of coated powder materials |
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| CN100386173C true CN100386173C (en) | 2008-05-07 |
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| CN103357875A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-10-23 | 大连理工大学 | Vector sintering system and additive manufacturing method |
| CN103447528A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2013-12-18 | 西安交通大学 | Foldable changeable forming device for selective laser melting |
| CN107249789A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2017-10-13 | 数字金属公司 | Increasing material manufacturing method, deals with objects method, data medium, object data processor and the object of manufacture of data |
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| CN103143676A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-06-12 | 洛阳新火种节能技术推广有限公司 | Selective laser sintering (SLS) sintering precoated sand process |
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| CN103357875B (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2015-04-08 | 大连理工大学 | Vector sintering system and additive manufacturing method |
| CN103447528A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2013-12-18 | 西安交通大学 | Foldable changeable forming device for selective laser melting |
| CN103447528B (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-08-05 | 西安交通大学 | The Foldable and easy be shaped for selective laser fusing changes building mortion |
| CN107249789A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2017-10-13 | 数字金属公司 | Increasing material manufacturing method, deals with objects method, data medium, object data processor and the object of manufacture of data |
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