CN1155451C - Method for high speed preparing and forming the gradient material by use of laser - Google Patents
Method for high speed preparing and forming the gradient material by use of laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN1155451C CN1155451C CNB011317779A CN01131777A CN1155451C CN 1155451 C CN1155451 C CN 1155451C CN B011317779 A CNB011317779 A CN B011317779A CN 01131777 A CN01131777 A CN 01131777A CN 1155451 C CN1155451 C CN 1155451C
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001151 AlNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for preparing and forming a gradient material. A laser coating method is adopted by the present invention in order to solve the rapid forming preparation technique of a bulk mass. The different positions of powder feeders at each two-dimensional flat surface of a part, and the feeding amount of different material powder are accurately controlled, powder which is prepared from different materials is synchronously sent into a laser molten pool in the process of laser coating, and thereby, a random complex gradient material with various materials can be prepared and formed. A material phase and a tissue are fine, and the material is compact. The mechanical and corrosion resistant properties of the material are greatly enhanced. The gradient material with a complex structure and a complex shape, and the part can be directly prepared.
Description
(1) technical field:
The present invention is a kind of new method that the functionally gradient material (FGM) preparation is shaped in the material science that relates to.
(2) background technology:
Under usual conditions, decentralized photo is equally distributed in the general material, the performance of integral material is same, but in some cases, people usually wish that the different piece of same material has different character or function, use the surface as the difference of material, or the surface of material and inside or the like, simultaneously, wish that also the part of different performance is perfect in conjunction with getting, thereby be unlikely under the service condition of harshness, not destroy because of performance matches.1984, the quick hero of Japanese scientist's horizontal well etc. at first proposed the new idea and the new ideas of function-graded material on Japanese composite association will, and launch research.The basic thought of this brand-new material design concept is: according to specific requirement, select to use two kinds of materials with different performance, by changing the The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of two kinds of materials continuously, its internal interface is disappeared, thereby obtain function corresponding to the variation of The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes and the heterogeneous material of gradual change, with the performance that reduces and the overcome binding site factor that do not match.
The functionally gradient material (FGM) preparation method who has developed at present mainly contains: chemical vapour deposition technique, physical evaporation method, plasma spraying method, particle gradient ranking method, self propagating high temperature synthetic method, liquid film straight forming method, the film infiltration method of forming, increase branch consolidation freezing method and laser coating etc.
But, limit by its preparation technology, these functionally gradient material (FGM)s preparation method only can be used for preparing formed film or small blocks material mostly, has influenced the application of functionally gradient material (FGM) at industrial circle.Just be used for preparing simple layered gradient protective finish as present most of laser cladding processes, and gradient-structure can not accurately be controlled at material surface.
(3) summary of the invention:
In order to solve the quick shaping technology of preparing of big block functionally gradient material (FGM), the present invention proposes a kind of laser fast forming technology of new functionally gradient material (FGM).
The method that the objective of the invention is to utilize laser to apply realizes.
At first in computer, generate the three-dimensional CAD model of functionally gradient material (FGM) part, and according to machining accuracy and gradient-structure designing requirement with this model by certain thickness layering " section ", the three-dimensional data information translation that is about to part becomes a series of two dimensional surface data, then, determine the track of laser beam flying according to the panel data of each layer, generate procedure, and it is passed to numerical control table, NC table, realize that by numerical control table, NC table the track while scan that laser beam is determined according to procedure scans, while is according to the Structural Design Requirement of functionally gradient material (FGM), accurately control the amount of giving of powder feeder different materials powder on part two-dimensional silhouette diverse location, in the laser coating procedure, in laser molten pool, send into the powder of different materials proportioning synchronously, thereby obtain the coating consistent with this flat shape; Behind the intact one deck of laser scanning, laser head and powder-feeding nozzle are along the Z axle segment distance Δ Z that rises, the numerical values recited of Δ Z equates with CAD two dimension slicing thickness, scan at track while scan according to following one deck, when all planes all scan finish after, synchronous powder feeding system applies and promptly finishes, and after all layer all applies and finishes, finally forms the functionally gradient material (FGM) blank that three-dimensional gradient material entities part maybe need be processed on a small quantity.
In the preparation forming process of gradient transitional lay, under the situation that does not influence whole component gradient structure, can prepare the heterogeneous component of adding in the forming process in gradient transition zone according to the needs of structural design.
The present invention's advantage compared to existing technology is: (1) can prepare any composite gradient material of many materials that is shaped to the type of pairing material related in the functionally gradient material (FGM) substantially without limits; (2) because laser has high fusing and cooling velocity when applying, resulting reach mutually organize tiny, even, fine and close; (3) mechanical property of prepared functionally gradient material (FGM) and decay resistance significantly improve; (4) flexible good (not needing specific purpose tool and anchor clamps), process velocity are fast, to the complexity of part substantially without limits, and can be shaped has complicated shape, comprises the functionally gradient material (FGM) of complex appearance and inner-cavity structure even closed inner chamber; (5) can directly prepare the functionally gradient material (FGM) part.
(4) description of drawings;
Accompanying drawing is the schematic diagram of functionally gradient material (FGM) laser fast forming system.
(5) specific embodiment:
In conjunction with the embodiments the present invention is described further.
Embodiment one
Preparation AlSn6Cu-92Pb8Sb class bearing shell functionally gradient material (FGM), inner surface is the 92Pb8Sb alloy, radially changes with AlSn6Cu volume ratio from 0% to 100% from inside to outside, outermost layer is the AlSn6Cu alloy material.
The implementation process of present embodiment is:
1. at first AlSn6Cu-92Pb8Sb class bearing shell functionally gradient material (FGM) part model is designed with layering and handle: the three-dimensional CAD model that in computer, generates the functionally gradient material (FGM) part by computer [1], and according to machining accuracy and gradient-structure designing requirement with this model by certain thickness layering " section ", the three-dimensional data information translation that is about to part becomes a series of two dimensional surface data, form series of parallel in the laser beam flying track of X-Y plane, and be sent to the digital control system of numerical control table, NC table [8];
2. adopt with the continuous CO of 5kW
2Laser instrument [2], laser output power 2.5 ~ 3.5kW, protection gas [6] is nitrogen.
3. laser beam go up the laser molten pool that forms certain size at substrate [8], and under the drive of numerical control table, NC table [9], the track while scan that is generated according to computer [1] scans on base material [8] surface behind speculum and focus lamp [3];
4. in laser beam flying, computer [1] is sent into mixed-powder synchronously according to Structural Design Requirement control powder feeder [5] the AlSn6Cu alloy of functionally gradient material (FGM) and the proportioning of 92Pb8Sb alloy powder in the molten bath, obtain layer of material [7] after the condensation.
5. after having scanned one deck, laser beam and powder feeder nozzle [4] follow procedure are set along the Z axle segment distance Δ Z that rises, according to layer of material under the sweep trace of one deck applies down.
After all layer has all applied, just obtained AlSn6Cu-92Pb8Sb class bearing shell functionally gradient material (FGM).
Embodiment two
The preparation of SS316-In690 layered gradient body material, if owing in gradient transitional lay, only change from 0% to 100% with the volume ratio of different materials simply, to occur remaining bone columnar ferrite or remaining eutectic ferrite in the transition zone and cause the hardness softened zone, the local performance of transition zone is weakened to some extent.Therefore in the preparation forming process of gradient transitional lay, under the situation that does not influence whole component gradient structure, suitably add other components of trace, to eliminate the hardness softened zone in the gradient transitional lay, the micro-constituent element X that is added can determine by PHASE DIAGRAM CALCULATION and tissue simulation.
1. at first SS316-In690 layered gradient body material parts model is designed with layering and handle: the three-dimensional CAD model that in computer, generates the functionally gradient material (FGM) part by computer [1], and according to machining accuracy and gradient-structure designing requirement with this model by certain thickness layering " section ", the three-dimensional data information translation that is about to part becomes a series of two dimensional surface data, form series of parallel in the laser beam flying track of X-Y plane, and be sent to the digital control system of numerical control table, NC table [8];
2. adopt with the continuous CO of 5kW
2Laser instrument [2], laser output power 2.5～3.5kW, protection gas [6] is argon gas.
3. laser beam go up the laser molten pool that forms certain size at substrate [8], and under the drive of numerical control table, NC table [9], the track while scan that is generated according to computer [1] scans on base material [8] surface behind speculum and focus lamp [3];
4. in laser beam flying, computer [1] is sent into mixed-powder synchronously according to Structural Design Requirement control powder feeder [5] the SS316 alloy of functionally gradient material (FGM) and the proportioning of In690 alloy and component X powder in the molten bath, obtain layer of material [7] after the condensation.
5. after having scanned one deck, laser beam and powder feeder nozzle [4] follow procedure are set along the Z axle segment distance AZ that rises, and apply layer of material down according to the sweep trace of one deck down again.After all layer has all applied, just obtained SS316-In690 layered gradient body material.
Embodiment three
SS316-In690-AlNi
3The preparation of complex gradient body material, this material have complicated profile and inner chamber, and interior cavity surface layer adopts IN690-SS316 binary functionally gradient material (FGM), and skin is the AlNi3 material, and this part exists SS316-In690 gradient transitional lay, SS316-AlNi
3Gradient transitional lay, In690-AlNi
3Gradient transitional lay and SS316-In690-AlNi
3Gradient transition zone.For making the smooth transition of composition and performance between the different materials, therefore in the preparation forming process of gradient transitional lay, under the situation that does not influence whole component gradient structure, suitably add other components of trace, to eliminate the performance weakening region in the gradient transitional lay, the micro-constituent element X1 that zones of different is added, X2, X3 ..., can determine by PHASE DIAGRAM CALCULATION and tissue simulation.
1. to SS316-In690-AlNi
3Complex gradient body material parts model designs with layering to be handled: the three-dimensional CAD model that generates the functionally gradient material (FGM) part in computer [1], and according to machining accuracy and gradient-structure designing requirement with this model by certain thickness layering " section ", the three-dimensional data information translation that is about to part becomes a series of two dimensional surface data, form series of parallel in the laser beam flying track of X-Y plane, and be sent to the digital control system of numerical control table, NC table [8];
2. adopt with the continuous CO of 5kW
2Laser instrument [2], laser output power 2.5 ~ 3.5kW, protection gas [6] is argon gas.
3. laser beam go up the laser molten pool that forms certain size at substrate [8], and under the drive of numerical control table, NC table [9], the track while scan that is generated according to computer [1] scans on base material [8] surface behind speculum and focus lamp [3];
4. in laser beam flying, computer [1] is according to Structural Design Requirement control powder feeder [5] SS316 alloy, In690 alloy and the AlNi of functionally gradient material (FGM)
3And component X1, X2, X3 ... the proportioning of powder is sent into mixed-powder synchronously in the molten bath, obtain layer of material [7] after the condensation.
5. after having scanned one deck, laser beam and powder feeder nozzle [4] follow procedure are set along the Z axle segment distance Δ Z that rises, according to layer of material under the sweep trace of one deck applies down.After all layer has all applied, just obtained SS316-In690-AlNi
3Complex gradient body material.
Claims (4)
1. the laser of a functionally gradient material (FGM) prepares manufacturing process fast, and its technical process comprises:
A. carry out hierarchy slicing by three-dimensional CAD model and handle, the three-dimensional data information translation of material is become a series of two dimensional surface data functionally gradient material (FGM);
B. along carrying out laser scanning, generate procedure, and it is passed to numerical control table, NC table, realize that by numerical control table, NC table the track while scan that laser beam is determined according to procedure scans by the determined track while scan of two dimensional surface data;
C. according to the Structural Design Requirement of functionally gradient material (FGM), the control powder feeder is sent into powder in laser molten pool, carry out the laser multiple coating;
D. behind the intact one deck of laser scanning, laser head and powder-feeding nozzle are simultaneously along the Z axle segment distance Δ Z that rises, the numerical values recited of Δ Z equates that with CAD two dimension slicing thickness the track while scan according to following one deck scans again, to the last finishes the scanning of whole three-dimensional entity model;
It is characterized in that: according to the Structural Design Requirement of functionally gradient material (FGM), adjust the volume ratio of different materials powder, and control powder feeder is sent into identical or different proportioning synchronously to laser molten pool on the diverse location on each two dimensional surface powder, and then realize different materials and any complicated gradient transition of performance at any part of part.
2. the laser of functionally gradient material (FGM) as claimed in claim 1 prepares manufacturing process fast, it is characterized in that the needs according to structural design, prepares in gradient transition zone and adds heterogeneous component in the forming process.
3. the laser of functionally gradient material (FGM) as claimed in claim 1 prepares manufacturing process fast, it is characterized in that the track while scan of this manufacturing process adopts CAD/CAM accurately to control.
4. the laser as functionally gradient material (FGM) as described in the claim 2 prepares manufacturing process fast, it is characterized in that: volume in the laser coating procedure between heterogeneous powder of Synchronization Control and the gradient matching materials powder and the amount of giving proportioning.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB011317779A CN1155451C (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2001-11-02 | Method for high speed preparing and forming the gradient material by use of laser |
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| CNB011317779A CN1155451C (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2001-11-02 | Method for high speed preparing and forming the gradient material by use of laser |
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| CN1155451C true CN1155451C (en) | 2004-06-30 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100386173C (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2008-05-07 | 大连理工大学 | Laser rapid-forming method based on contour scanning of coated powder materials |
| CN100410005C (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2008-08-13 | 江苏大学 | Method and apparatus for preparing gradient material by laser impacting welding |
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| CN100404174C (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2008-07-23 | 华中科技大学 | Preparation method for quick preparing functional gradient material |
| DE102008057309B3 (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2009-12-03 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Determining misadjustment of powder supply nozzle, by which powder is guided as additives on workpiece, relative to laser beam, comprises constructing test structure on the workpiece in different directions by powder deposition welding |
| CN102248164A (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2011-11-23 | 丹阳惠达模具材料科技有限公司 | Method for remanufacturing die with gradient function by repairing micro zone through laser |
| CN102350566B (en) * | 2011-09-06 | 2015-04-15 | 华中科技大学 | Method for preparing functionally gradient material |
| CN102554474A (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-07-11 | 刘继常 | Method for directly manufacturing porous part of complicated cavity by using laser |
| CN103121103B (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2015-04-08 | 大连理工大学 | Laser near-net shaping method for metal-ceramic multi-dimensional functionally-graded structural component |
| US20140277669A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Additive topology optimized manufacturing for multi-functional components |
| CN104338931B (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-06-17 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | Method and device for preparing functionally graded structural component |
| CN104550959A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-29 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Forming method of metal composite part |
| CN105383059B (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2018-06-01 | 吉林大学 | More material powderings and molding 3D printing method and printing equipment |
| CN106001568B (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-03-13 | 四川三阳激光增材制造技术有限公司 | A kind of functionally gradient material (FGM) metal die 3D printing integral preparation method |
| CN108145160B (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2019-11-22 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | A kind of laser forming method of gradient composite structure |
| CN107876948B (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2020-02-14 | 华中科技大学 | Additive manufacturing method of intermetallic compound part |
| CN114905126A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-16 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Device and method for manufacturing three-dimensional gradient material by filament-powder co-melting plasma arc additive manufacturing |
-
2001
- 2001-11-02 CN CNB011317779A patent/CN1155451C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100410005C (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2008-08-13 | 江苏大学 | Method and apparatus for preparing gradient material by laser impacting welding |
| CN100386173C (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2008-05-07 | 大连理工大学 | Laser rapid-forming method based on contour scanning of coated powder materials |
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| CN1415451A (en) | 2003-05-07 |
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