CN110396691B - 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method - Google Patents
6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110396691B CN110396691B CN201910797882.1A CN201910797882A CN110396691B CN 110396691 B CN110396691 B CN 110396691B CN 201910797882 A CN201910797882 A CN 201910797882A CN 110396691 B CN110396691 B CN 110396691B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
Abstract
The invention discloses a 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method, which is characterized in that a TWIP steel coating is synthesized in situ on the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy by adopting a laser cladding method; the TWIP steel coating comprises, by weight, 44-56 parts of Fe powder, 27-31 parts of Mn powder, 7-9 parts of Si powder, 3-4 parts of Al powder and 2-3 parts of C powder. The invention has the characteristics of good physical and chemical properties of the surface of the treated 6061 aluminum alloy and small damage to the base material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum alloy surface treatment method, in particular to a 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method.
Background
The 6061 aluminum alloy is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobile devices and the like due to the advantages of small density, good thermal conductivity, high specific strength, low cost, easiness in processing and forming and the like. However, in the actual application and service process, the aluminum alloy has a plurality of problems. For example; the application of the aluminum alloy is limited to a great extent due to lower hardness, poor wear resistance, easy generation of plastic deformation and the like. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop a coating for improving the properties of the 6061 aluminum alloy such as hardness, wear resistance and the like, so as to repair or strengthen the 6061 aluminum alloy and also create high economic benefit.
The TWIP steel is favored by people due to the TWIP effect (twinning induced plasticity), and is widely applied to automobile parts due to high strength, high plasticity, excellent impact resistance and good elongation, so a laser cladding TWIP steel coating is researched and developed, twin crystals are preferentially generated in a region with larger deformation due to lower stacking fault energy of the TWIP steel, the twin crystal boundary blocks dislocation slippage to cause dislocation deposition, the strength of the material is increased, larger stress is needed when the deformation is continued, the number of the twin crystals is increased, different twin crystals are mutually entangled and cut, the strength of a local region is further improved, and meanwhile, the deformation is transferred to a low-strain region, so that the formation of necking is delayed; secondly, in the deformation process, a large amount of deformation twin crystals are generated in the austenite grains, the deformation twin crystals continuously cut the austenite grains, generally called dynamic Hall-Petch effect, namely fine crystal strengthening effect, so that the work hardening capacity of the material is improved; deformation twin crystals formed in the deformation process and an austenite matrix are in a coherent relationship, and the coherent CSL crystal boundary can inhibit the expansion of cracks and is beneficial to improving the uniform elongation of the material. Al in the base material overflows into the coating in the cladding process, because the Al is an austenite forming element, the formation of cementite is inhibited during cooling, the stacking fault energy of the steel can be improved, the gamma → epsilon phase transformation is inhibited, the formation of deformation twin crystals is facilitated, the strength and the plasticity of the steel are improved, meanwhile, the density of the steel is reduced by the Al, Fe-AlB2 type second phase particles in high-density dispersion distribution are easily formed in an austenite matrix, and the high strength-density ratio is obtained while the ductility of the coating is increased.
However, most of the existing 6061 aluminum alloy surface modified coatings are aluminum-based alloys, because the melting point of the aluminum-based alloys is low and is close to that of 6061 aluminum alloy base materials, the 6061 aluminum alloy base materials are not easy to damage in the laser cladding process. The alloy coating with a high melting point (such as the steel coating described in the present application) is difficult to apply to the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy by a laser cladding method, because the reflectivity of aluminum alloy is high, the thermal conductivity is high, the surface is easy to oxidize, and the melting point of aluminum alloy is low in the actual cladding process, so that the cladding interface is not well controlled, and a saw-toothed shape appears at the bonding interface.
Based on this, from the perspective of combining the formulation of TWIP steel and changing the cladding process, researchers in this project developed a novel 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method, which can clad TWIP steel coatings on the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy, so that the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy has better physicochemical properties, and the 6061 aluminum alloy substrate is not damaged at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method. The invention has the characteristics of good physical and chemical properties of the surface of the treated 6061 aluminum alloy and small damage to the base material.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method is to adopt a laser cladding method to synthesize a TWIP steel coating on the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy in situ; the TWIP steel coating comprises, by weight, 44-56 parts of Fe powder, 27-31 parts of Mn powder, 7-9 parts of Si powder, 3-4 parts of Al powder and 2-3 parts of C powder.
In the 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method, the laser cladding method is to preset pretreated TWIP steel powder on the 6061 aluminum alloy surface, then perform spheroidization by using a laser spheroidization method to obtain spheroidized TWIP steel powder, and finally perform laser cladding on the spheroidized TWIP steel powder by using a fiber laser.
In the surface treatment method of the 6061 aluminum alloy, the pretreatment is to dry grind the TWIP steel powder in a planetary ball mill.
In the 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method, the material of the ball-milling tank and the ball-milling ball of the planetary ball mill is stainless steel or corundum, the grinding material ratio is 6:1-8:1, the rotation speed is 180-.
In the 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method, when the TWIP steel powder is preset on the surface of the 6061 aluminum alloy, the powder spreading thickness is 0.4-1.0 mm.
In the 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method, during the laser spheroidization, argon gas is introduced for protection.
In the 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method, the laser power adopted during laser spheroidization is 2.2-3.2 kW, the laser spot diameter is 3-6 mm, and the laser scanning speed is 3-8 mm/s.
In the 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method, during the laser cladding process, argon gas is introduced for protection.
In the 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method, the laser cladding light spot size d is 1 mm × 10 mm, the overlapping ratio is 30 to 50%, and the powder feeding amount is 0.4 to 0.8 g/s.
In the 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method, the purity of the Fe powder, the Mn powder, the Si powder, the Al powder and the C powder is greater than 99.7%, and the particle size is 140-280 meshes.
The invention has the advantages of
On the basis of reasonably proportioning the TWIP steel coating raw materials, the TWIP steel coating prepared by laser cladding is well metallurgically combined with the base material, and the TWIP effect of the TWIP steel is utilized to improve the strength by twinning induced plasticity and dislocation plugging; the fine twin generated cuts austenite grains to play a role of fine grain strengthening. The coexistence of the deformation twin crystal and the austenite matrix inhibits the expansion of cracks, and improves the uniform elongation of the surface of the 6061 aluminum alloy, so that the physicochemical property of the surface of the 6061 aluminum alloy is obviously improved.
In addition, the invention can reduce the damage to the 6061 aluminum alloy substrate on the basis of realizing laser cladding by blending the composition and the proportion of the TWIP steel coating raw material.
Examples of the experiments
To further illustrate the beneficial effects of the present invention, the inventors made the following experiments:
hardness of the coating
The hardness results of the coating prepared by the invention are shown in figure 1, the average hardness of the coating reaches about 8 times of that of the base material, and the coating is mainly caused by solid solution strengthening and fine crystal strengthening, and the in-situ generated second phase is uniformly distributed in the coating to generate second phase strengthening.
Wear resistance of the coating
A friction and wear experiment is carried out on the coating generated in situ by laser cladding prepared by the invention, fig. 2 is a friction factor of a 6061 aluminum alloy substrate and the coating, and fig. 3 is a comparison graph of the wear volume of the substrate and the coating. The friction coefficient of the coating is relatively stable, the fluctuation of the substrate is relatively large, and the wear volume of the coating is 0.0908mm3Much smaller than the wear volume of the matrix (0.2000 mm)3) The wear mechanism of the matrix is mainly abrasive wear and adhesive wear, and certain fatigue failure exists. The coating is mainly a small amount of adhesive wear and its slight abrasive wear. It can be seen from the coefficient of friction and the wear volume that the wear resistance of the coating is significantly better than that of the substrate.
Corrosion resistance of coating
The coating generated in situ by laser cladding prepared by the invention is subjected to electrochemical experiments, the corrosion solution is 3.5% NaCl solution, and as can be seen from the polarization curve, the anode curve of the matrix at the beginning is relatively flat, then the corrosion rate is relatively high, and passivation occurs after a large corrosion current. Compared with the base material, the coating has the advantages that after the anode is dissolved, the corrosion rate is obviously gentle and much slower, the corrosion current is smaller when a passivation platform is generated, and the passivation property and the corrosion resistance are obviously superior to those of the base material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 hardness profile of TWIP steel coating;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the coefficient of friction of a TWIP steel coating;
FIG. 3 abrasion loss of TWIP steel coating;
FIG. 4 corrosion resistance of TWIP steel coatings;
FIG. 5 is a solid view of cladding, wherein the substrate is 6061 aluminum alloy, and the coating on the 6061 aluminum alloy is the TWIP steel coating of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Examples of the invention
Example 1: a6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method comprises the following steps:
1) mixing 50 parts of Fe powder, 29 parts of Mn powder, 8 parts of Si powder, 3 parts of Al powder and 2 parts of C powder, wherein the purity of the Fe powder is more than 99.7 percent, and the granularity of the Fe powder is 200 meshes, so as to obtain a TWIP steel powder raw material;
2) putting a TWIP steel powder raw material into a planetary ball mill for dry milling, wherein a ball milling tank and a milling ball of the planetary ball mill are made of stainless steel or corundum, the grinding ratio is 7:1, the rotating speed is 210 rpm, the ball milling time is 4 hours, and after the dry milling is finished, putting the powder into a vacuum drying oven for drying for 2 hours at 120 ℃ to obtain pretreated TWIP steel powder;
3) presetting the pretreated TWIP steel powder on the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy, wherein the thickness of the powder is 0.7 mm, and then carrying out laser spheroidization under the protection of argon by adopting the parameters of 2.7 kW of laser power, 4 mm of laser spot diameter and 5 mm/s of laser scanning speed to obtain spheroidized TWIP steel powder;
4) and under the protection of argon, performing laser cladding on the spheroidized TWIP steel powder by using the parameters that the spot size d is 1 mm multiplied by 10 mm, the lap joint rate is 40 percent, and the powder feeding amount is 0.6 g/s.
Example 2: a6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method comprises the following steps:
1) mixing 44 parts of Fe powder with the purity of more than 99.7 percent and the granularity of 140 meshes, 27 parts of Mn powder, 7 parts of Si powder, 3 parts of Al powder and 2 parts of C powder to obtain a TWIP steel powder raw material;
2) putting a TWIP steel powder raw material into a planetary ball mill for dry milling, wherein a ball milling tank and a milling ball of the planetary ball mill are made of stainless steel or corundum, the grinding material ratio is 6:1, the rotating speed is 180 revolutions per minute, the ball milling time is 2 hours, and after the dry milling is finished, putting the powder into a vacuum drying oven for drying for 1 hour at 110 ℃ to obtain pretreated TWIP steel powder;
3) presetting the pretreated TWIP steel powder on the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy, wherein the thickness of the powder is 0.4 mm, and then carrying out laser spheroidization under the protection of argon by adopting the parameters of 2.2 kW of laser power, 3 mm of laser spot diameter and 3 mm/s of laser scanning speed to obtain spheroidized TWIP steel powder;
4) and under the protection of argon, performing laser cladding on the spheroidized TWIP steel powder by using the parameters that the spot size d is 1 mm multiplied by 10 mm, the lap joint rate is 30 percent, and the powder feeding amount is 0.4 g/s.
Example 3: a6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method comprises the following steps:
1) mixing 56 parts of Fe powder, 31 parts of Mn powder, 9 parts of Si powder, 4 parts of Al powder and 3 parts of C powder, wherein the purity of the Fe powder is more than 99.7%, and the granularity of the Fe powder is 280 meshes, so as to obtain a TWIP steel powder raw material;
2) putting a TWIP steel powder raw material into a planetary ball mill for dry milling, wherein a ball milling tank and a milling ball of the planetary ball mill are made of stainless steel or corundum, the grinding ratio is 8:1, the rotating speed is 240 revolutions per minute, the ball milling time is 5 hours, and after the dry milling is finished, putting the powder into a vacuum drying oven for drying for 3 hours at 130 ℃ to obtain pretreated TWIP steel powder;
3) presetting the pretreated TWIP steel powder on the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy, wherein the thickness of the powder is 1.0 mm, and then carrying out laser spheroidization under the protection of argon by adopting the parameters of 3.2 kW of laser power, 6 mm of laser spot diameter and 8 mm/s of laser scanning speed to obtain spheroidized TWIP steel powder;
4) and under the protection of argon, performing laser cladding on the spheroidized TWIP steel powder by using parameters of spot size d being 1 mm multiplied by 10 mm, lap joint rate being 50% and powder feeding amount being 0.8 g/s.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps: in-situ synthesizing a TWIP steel coating on the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy by adopting a laser cladding method; the TWIP steel coating comprises, by weight, 44-56 parts of Fe powder, 27-31 parts of Mn powder, 7-9 parts of Si powder, 3-4 parts of Al powder and 2-3 parts of C powder.
2. The 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser cladding method is characterized in that pretreated TWIP steel powder is preset on the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy, then spheroidization is carried out by adopting a laser spheroidization method, so that spheroidized TWIP steel powder is obtained, and finally laser cladding is carried out on the spheroidized TWIP steel powder by using a fiber laser.
3. The 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the pretreatment is to put TWIP steel powder into a planetary ball mill for dry milling.
4. The 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the ball milling tank and the milling balls of the planetary ball mill are made of stainless steel or corundum, the grinding material ratio is 6:1-8:1, the rotating speed is 180-fold glass powder at 240 rpm, the ball milling time is 2-5 hours, and after the dry milling is finished, the powder is placed into a vacuum drying box to be dried for 1-3 hours at the temperature of 110-fold glass powder at 130 ℃.
5. The 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method according to claim 2, characterized in that: when the TWIP steel powder is preset on the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy, the powder spreading thickness is 0.4-1.0 mm.
6. The 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method according to claim 2, characterized in that: and in the laser spheroidizing process, introducing argon for protection.
7. The 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the laser power adopted during laser spheroidization is 2.2-3.2 kW, the diameter of a laser spot is 3-6 mm, and the laser scanning speed is 3-8 mm/s.
8. The 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method according to claim 2, characterized in that: and in the laser cladding process, introducing argon for protection.
9. The 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the laser cladding light spot size d is 1 mm multiplied by 10 mm, the lapping rate is 30-50%, and the powder feeding amount is 0.4-0.8 g/s.
10. The 6061 aluminum alloy surface treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the purities of the Fe powder, the Mn powder, the Si powder, the Al powder and the C powder are all more than 99.7 percent, and the particle sizes are all 140-280 meshes.
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