CN110396691A - A kind of 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment methods - Google Patents
A kind of 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN110396691A CN110396691A CN201910797882.1A CN201910797882A CN110396691A CN 110396691 A CN110396691 A CN 110396691A CN 201910797882 A CN201910797882 A CN 201910797882A CN 110396691 A CN110396691 A CN 110396691A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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Abstract
It is using laser cladding method in 6061 aluminum alloy surface fabricated in situ TWIP steel coatings the invention discloses a kind of 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment methods;TWIP steel coating includes 44-56 parts of Fe powder, 27-31 parts of Mn powder, 7-9 parts of Si powder, 3-4 parts of Al powder and 2-3 parts of C powder by weight.The present invention has treated 6061 aluminum alloy surface good physical and chemicals, and the feature that substrate damage is small.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminium alloy surface treatment method, especially a kind of 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment methods.
Background technique
6061 aluminium alloys because its density is small, thermal conductivity is good, specific strength is high, low in cost, easy processing molding the advantages that due to by
It is widely used in the fields such as space flight and aviation, automobile device.But during actual application is on active service, aluminium alloy is asked there is also many
Topic.Such as;Hardness is lower, wear no resistance, be also easy to produce plastic deformation etc. largely limit the application of aluminium alloy.Therefore it is badly in need of
A kind of coating is developed to improve the hardness of 6061 aluminum alloy surfaces and the performances such as wear-resisting, for repairing or strengthening 6061 aluminium alloys,
Very high economic benefit can also be createed simultaneously.
TWIP steel is favored due to its TWIP effect (twinning-induced plasticity) by people, high-intensitive, high-ductility and excellent
Shock resistance and good elongation and be widely used on auto-parts, therefore researched and developed laser melting coating TWIP steel
Coating can preferentially generate twin deforming biggish region, twin boundary hinders dislocation because the stacking fault energy of TWIP steel is relatively low
It slides and causes dislocation pile up, the intensity of material is caused to increase, bigger stress, amount of twin are needed when deformation continues
It will increase, intertwine with each other and complete a business transaction between different twins, further improve the intensity of regional area, meanwhile, deformation can be to low
Strain region transfer, to postpone the formation of constriction;Secondly it in deformation process, can be generated inside austenite grain a large amount of
Deformation twin, these deformation twins constantly cut austenite grain, and commonly referred to as " dynamic Hall-Petch " effect, i.e. fine grain are strong
Change effect, therefore improve the work hardening capacity of material;The deformation twin and austenitic matrix formed in deformation process is in altogether
Case relation, the CSL crystal boundary of this coherence can inhibit the extension of crackle, be conducive to the uniform elongation for improving material.In cladding
The Al in substrate can be spilt in coating in the process, because Al element is austenite former, can inhibit cementite while cooling
Formation, the stacking fault energy of steel can be improved, to inhibit γ → ε phase transformation, and be conducive to the formation of deformation twin, improve steel
Intensity and plasticity, while Al can also reduce the density of steel, and be easy to form the Fe- of high density Dispersed precipitate in austenitic matrix
AlB2 type Second Phase Particle also obtains high strength-to-density ratio while increasing coating spread.
But existing 6061 current aluminum alloy surface modified coatings are mostly acieral, this is because the fusing point of acieral
It is lower, it is close with the fusing point of 6061 aluminum alloy base materials, the damage for easily causing 6061 aluminum alloy base materials is not allowed in laser cladding process
Wound.And higher melting-point alloy coat (steel coating as described in the present application) is then difficult to be applied by the method for laser melting coating
On the surface of 6061 aluminium alloys, this is because the luminance factor of aluminium alloy is larger in actual cladding process, thermal conductivity ratio compared with
Height, surface are easily oxidized, and the fusing point of aluminium alloy is relatively low, therefore the bad regulation in cladding interface, will appear sawtooth in combination interface
Shape.
Based on this, this project researcher from allotment TWIP steel formula and change melting and coating process combination angle,
A kind of 6061 novel aluminium alloy surface treatment methods are developed, can be made in 6061 aluminum alloy surface cladding TWIP steel coatings
6061 aluminum alloy surfaces have better physical and chemical performance, while not damaging 6061 aluminum alloy base materials again.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment methods.The present invention is with treated
6061 aluminum alloy surface good physical and chemicals, and the feature that substrate damage is small.
Technical solution of the present invention: a kind of 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment methods are using laser cladding method 6061
Aluminum alloy surface fabricated in situ TWIP steel coating;TWIP steel coating includes 44-56 parts of Fe powder, Mn powder 27-31 by weight
Part, 7-9 parts of Si powder, 3-4 parts of Al powder and 2-3 parts of C powder.
6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method above-mentioned, the laser cladding method are by pretreated TWIP powdered steel
6061 aluminum alloy surfaces are preset at, spheroidising are first then carried out using laser spheroidization method, to obtain the TWIP comminuted steel shot of nodularization
End finally carries out laser melting coating using TWIP powdered steel of the optical fiber laser to nodularization.
6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method above-mentioned, the pretreatment is that TWIP powdered steel is put into planetary ball mill
In dry grind.
6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method above-mentioned, the ball grinder and Material quality of grinding balls of the planetary ball mill are stainless
Steel or corundum, abrasive material ratio are 6:1-8:1, and revolving speed is 180-240 rpms, and Ball-milling Time is 2-5 hours, will after dry grinding
Powder is put into vacuum oven in 110-130 DEG C of dry 1-3h.
6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method above-mentioned, when the TWIP powdered steel is preset at 6061 aluminum alloy surface, paving
Powder is with a thickness of 0.4-1.0 mm.
6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method above-mentioned during the laser spheroidization, is passed through argon gas and is protected.
6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method above-mentioned, the laser power that the laser spheroidization uses when handling is 2.2-
3.2 kW, laser spot diameter are 3-6 mm, and laser scanning speed is 3-8 mm/s.
6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method above-mentioned in the laser cladding process, is passed through argon gas and is protected.
6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method above-mentioned, laser melting coating spot size d=1 mm × 10 mm, overlap joint
Rate is 30-50%, and powder sending quantity is 0.4-0.8 g/s.
6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method above-mentioned, the Fe powder, Mn powder, Si powder, Al powder and C powder purity be all larger than
99.7%, granularity is 140-280 mesh.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
The present invention is on the basis of rational proportion TWIP steel coating raw material, the TWIP steel coating and substrate that are prepared using laser melting coating
Metallurgical bonding is good, and using the TWIP effect of TWIP steel, twinning-induced plasticity, dislocation pile up improve intensity;What is generated is tiny twin
Crystalline substance cuts austenite grain and plays the role of refined crystalline strengthening.The coherence of deformation twin and austenitic matrix inhibits the expansion of crackle
Exhibition, improve the uniform elongation of 6061 aluminum alloy surfaces so that the physical and chemical performance of 6061 aluminum alloy surfaces be improved significantly.
In addition, composition and proportion of the present invention by allotment TWIP steel coating raw material, it can be in the base for realizing laser melting coating
On plinth, the damage to 6061 aluminum alloy base materials is also reduced.
Experimental example
Possessed beneficial effect in order to further illustrate the present invention, inventor have done following experiment:
The hardness of coating
Coating hardness result prepared by the present invention is as shown in Figure 1, the average hardness of coating reaches 8 times of substrate or so, mainly
Solution strengthening and refined crystalline strengthening, the second phase of in-situ preparation, which is uniformly distributed, to be generated in the coating caused by second-phase strength.
The wearability of coating
Prepared by the coating that resulting Laser Cladding in-situ generates to the present invention and carries out frictional wear experiment, Fig. 2 is 6061 aluminium alloys
The friction factor of matrix and coating, Fig. 3 are the comparison diagrams of matrix Yu coating abrasion volume.The coefficient of friction of coating is more stable,
The fluctuation of matrix is bigger, and coating abrasion volume is 0.0908mm3, it is much smaller than matrix wear volume (0.2000mm3), matrix
Abrasion mechanism is mainly abrasive wear and adhesive wear, and there are certain fatigue ruptures.Coating is mainly a small amount of adhesion
Abrasion and its slight abrasive wear.It can be seen that the wearability of coating obviously than matrix from coefficient of friction and wear volume
It is good.
The corrosion resistance of coating
Prepared by the coating that resulting Laser Cladding in-situ generates to the present invention and has carried out electrochemistry experiment, etchant solution 3.5%
NaCl solution can be seen that from polarization curve, matrix beginning anode flowpath than more gentle, the speed ratio then corroded is very fast,
It is passivated after biggish corrosion current.And for coating is compared with basis material, after anodic solution, corrosion rate is bright
Powerful and influential gentle very much, corrosion current when generating passivation platform is smaller, and assivation property and corrosion resistance are obviously better than basis material.
Detailed description of the invention
The hardness of 1 TWIP steel coating of attached drawing is distributed;
The friction coefficient curve of 2 TWIP steel coating of attached drawing;
The abrasion loss of 3 TWIP steel coating of attached drawing;
The corrosion resistance of 4 TWIP steel coating of attached drawing;
Attached drawing 5 is the sterogram of cladding, and wherein substrate is 6061 aluminium alloys, and the coating on 6061 aluminium alloys is of the invention
TWIP steel coating.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but is not intended as the foundation limited the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention
Embodiment 1: a kind of 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment methods, steps are as follows:
1) purity is all larger than 99.7%, granularity is 3 parts of 8 parts of 29 parts of 50 parts of Fe powder, Mn powder, Si powder, the Al powder and C powder of 200 mesh
2 parts of mixing, obtain TWIP comminuted steel shot powder stock;
2) TWIP comminuted steel shot powder stock is put into planetary ball mill and is dry grinded, the ball grinder and abrading-ball material of planetary ball mill
Matter is stainless steel or corundum, and abrasive material ratio is 7:1, and revolving speed is 210 rpms, and Ball-milling Time is 4 hours, by powder after dry grinding
End is put into vacuum oven in 120 DEG C of dry 2h, obtains pretreated TWIP powdered steel;
3) pretreated TWIP powdered steel is preset at 6061 aluminum alloy surfaces, with a thickness of 0.7 mm, then under protection of argon gas,
For the laser power used for 2.7 kW, laser spot diameter is 4 mm, and the parameter that laser scanning speed is 5 mm/s carries out laser
Nodularization obtains the TWIP powdered steel of nodularization;
4) under protection of argon gas by the TWIP powdered steel after nodularization, by the spot size d=1 mm of mm × 10, overlapping rate is
40%, the parameter that powder sending quantity is 0.6 g/s carries out laser melting coating.
Embodiment 2: a kind of 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment methods, steps are as follows:
1) purity is all larger than 99.7%, granularity is 3 parts of 7 parts of 27 parts of 44 parts of Fe powder, Mn powder, Si powder, the Al powder and C powder of 140 mesh
2 parts of mixing, obtain TWIP comminuted steel shot powder stock;
2) TWIP comminuted steel shot powder stock is put into planetary ball mill and is dry grinded, the ball grinder and abrading-ball material of planetary ball mill
Matter is stainless steel or corundum, and abrasive material ratio is 6:1, and revolving speed is 180 rpms, and Ball-milling Time is 2 hours, by powder after dry grinding
End is put into vacuum oven in 110 DEG C of dry 1h, obtains pretreated TWIP powdered steel;
3) pretreated TWIP powdered steel is preset at 6061 aluminum alloy surfaces, with a thickness of 0.4 mm, then under protection of argon gas,
For the laser power used for 2.2 kW, laser spot diameter is 3 mm, and the parameter that laser scanning speed is 3 mm/s carries out laser
Nodularization obtains the TWIP powdered steel of nodularization;
4) under protection of argon gas by the TWIP powdered steel after nodularization, by the spot size d=1 mm of mm × 10, overlapping rate is
30%, the parameter that powder sending quantity is 0.4 g/s carries out laser melting coating.
Embodiment 3: a kind of 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment methods, steps are as follows:
1) purity is all larger than 99.7%, granularity is 4 parts of 9 parts of 31 parts of 56 parts of Fe powder, Mn powder, Si powder, the Al powder and C powder of 280 mesh
3 parts of mixing, obtain TWIP comminuted steel shot powder stock;
2) TWIP comminuted steel shot powder stock is put into planetary ball mill and is dry grinded, the ball grinder and abrading-ball material of planetary ball mill
Matter is stainless steel or corundum, and abrasive material ratio is 8:1, and revolving speed is 240 rpms, and Ball-milling Time is 5 hours, by powder after dry grinding
End is put into vacuum oven in 130 DEG C of dry 3h, obtains pretreated TWIP powdered steel;
3) pretreated TWIP powdered steel is preset at 6061 aluminum alloy surfaces, with a thickness of 1.0 mm, then under protection of argon gas,
For the laser power used for 3.2 kW, laser spot diameter is 6 mm, and the parameter that laser scanning speed is 8 mm/s carries out laser
Nodularization obtains the TWIP powdered steel of nodularization;
4) under protection of argon gas by the TWIP powdered steel after nodularization, by the spot size d=1 mm of mm × 10, overlapping rate is
50%, the parameter that powder sending quantity is 0.8 g/s carries out laser melting coating.
The preferable specific embodiment of the above, only the invention, but the protection scope of the invention is not
It is confined to this, anyone skilled in the art is in the technical scope that the invention discloses, according to the present invention
The technical solution of creation and its inventive concept are subject to equivalent substitution or change, should all cover the invention protection scope it
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment methods, it is characterised in that: be using laser cladding method in 6061 aluminium alloy tables
Face fabricated in situ TWIP steel coating;TWIP steel coating includes 44-56 parts of Fe powder, 27-31 parts of Mn powder, Si powder by weight
7-9 parts, 3-4 parts of Al powder and 2-3 parts of C powder.
2. 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the laser cladding method is
Pretreated TWIP powdered steel is preset at 6061 aluminum alloy surfaces, spheroidising is first then carried out using laser spheroidization method,
To obtain the TWIP powdered steel of nodularization, laser melting coating finally is carried out using TWIP powdered steel of the optical fiber laser to nodularization.
3. 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the pretreatment is by TWIP
Powdered steel is put into planetary ball mill and dry grinds.
4. 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the planetary ball mill
Ball grinder and Material quality of grinding balls are stainless steel or corundum, and abrasive material ratio is 6:1-8:1, and revolving speed is 180-240 rpms, Ball-milling Time
It is 2-5 hours, powder is put into vacuum oven in 110-130 DEG C of dry 1-3h after dry grinding.
5. 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the TWIP powdered steel is preset
In 6061 aluminum alloy surface, powdering is with a thickness of 0.4-1.0 mm.
6. 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the laser spheroidization process
In, it is passed through argon gas and is protected.
7. 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: when laser spheroidization processing
For the laser power used for 2.2-3.2 kW, laser spot diameter is 3-6 mm, and laser scanning speed is 3-8 mm/s.
8. 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the laser cladding process
In, it is passed through argon gas and is protected.
9. 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the laser melting coating hot spot ruler
The very little mm of d=1 mm × 10, overlapping rate 30-50%, powder sending quantity are 0.4-0.8 g/s.
10. 6061 aluminium alloy surface treatment method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Fe powder, Mn powder, Si
The purity of powder, Al powder and C powder is all larger than 99.7%, and granularity is 140-280 mesh.
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CN111118498A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-05-08 | 贵州大学 | TRIP steel coating for 304 stainless steel surface laser cladding and cladding method |
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