CN110383961A - 防爆外壳以及用于制造防爆外壳的方法 - Google Patents

防爆外壳以及用于制造防爆外壳的方法 Download PDF

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CN110383961A
CN110383961A CN201880016771.6A CN201880016771A CN110383961A CN 110383961 A CN110383961 A CN 110383961A CN 201880016771 A CN201880016771 A CN 201880016771A CN 110383961 A CN110383961 A CN 110383961A
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explosion
protruding portion
recessed portion
resistant enclosure
edge
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CN110383961B (zh
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R·诺曼
J·伯迈斯特
T·奥特
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Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V25/00—Safety devices structurally associated with lighting devices
    • F21V25/12—Flameproof or explosion-proof arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种防爆外壳和一种用于连接外壳件和盖板件的方法，其中所述外壳至少由金属外壳件以及盖板件形成，该金属外壳件具有至少一个外壳开口和/或容纳面和包围所述外壳开口和/或容纳面的支承边缘，该盖板件覆盖所述外壳开口或容纳面，具有环绕的盖板边缘。盖板件和外壳件防爆地彼此相连。为了如下地改进这样的外壳，使得能够以简单且安全的方式无胶粘剂地执行外壳件与盖板件的对应的连接用以形成防爆外壳并且外壳件和盖板件具有高的连接稳定性，在支承边缘与盖板边缘之间的多个连接点构成为相互嵌接的凹陷部和突出部，其中所述突出部通过所述盖板边缘的部分熔化形成。

Description

防爆外壳以及用于制造防爆外壳的方法
本发明涉及一种防爆外壳，该防爆外壳包括至少一个金属外壳件，该金属外壳件具有至少一个外壳开口和/或容纳面和包围该外壳开口和容纳面的支承边缘。此外，该外壳还包括封闭或遮盖该外壳开口或容纳面的、尤其透明的盖板件，该盖板件由塑料制成，具有环绕的盖板边缘。盖板边缘和支承边缘防爆地彼此相连，其中尤其形成隔爆型(Ex-d)连接。通过这样的防爆外壳，即使在爆炸性环境中也防止因外壳中所包含的电气或电子设备而使该环境点燃。
就此而论的一种可能性是，例如以外壳件与盖板件之间的对应的间隙将该外壳件与该盖板件连接，如平间隙、圆柱形间隙或螺纹间隙。对应的间隙长度和间隙宽度防止在处于外壳内部的混合物点燃时点燃位于外壳外部的同样为爆炸性的环境。
还有可防止外部环境的这样的点燃的其他防点燃类型，如粉末封装、浇铸封装、油封装和类似封装。
本发明尤其涉及一种耐压的封装，在其中在电气设备的对应的外壳中会侵入爆炸性环境，但是在外壳内部发生爆炸时将防止把爆炸转移至外壳周围的爆炸性环境中。为此，一般来说使用上述间隙，这些间隙如此实施，使得可靠地防止燃烧穿过这些间隙。对应的间隙几何形状以及间隙长度和间隙宽度不同地实施，视设备防护级别而定。
这同样从实践中已知，尤其对于金属外壳件和塑料盖板件，该金属外壳件和该塑料盖板件沿对应的边缘相互粘接。
本发明的目的在于，如下优化上述类型的外壳，使得能够以简单和安全的方式无胶粘剂地执行外壳件和盖板件的对应连接用以形成防爆外壳。同时，这样的外壳应具有外壳件与盖板件之间的高连接稳定性，其中该连接应能够快速并且以低成本地制造。
该目的通过专利权利要求1的特征或根据专利权利要求13的对应的方法特征来解决。
根据本发明，支承边缘与盖板边缘之间产生多个连接点，这些连接点构成为相互嵌接的凹陷部和突出部，其中这些突出部通过盖板边缘的部分熔化形成。由此在外壳件与盖板件之间或其边缘之间产生数个正连接的连接点，可视要求而定以对应的数量和形状制造这些连接点。在此，连接的稳定性既取决于连接点的两种材料、形状和数量，也取决于其相对于彼此的安排。
这样的防爆外壳容纳电气设备，其中通过透明的盖板件可看到电气设备和尤其指示灯或类似装置。这些指示灯可显示电气设备的状态。在此，还存在这样的可能性：打开金属盖板件以维护电气设备或执行类似操作。
本发明自然还涉及金属外壳件与盖板件之间的连接。
关于支承边缘中的凹陷部存在这样的可能性：在制造外壳件时通过对应的机器加工制造这些凹陷部。根据本发明自然还可行的是：例如借助激光器或类似的设备以对应的数量和形状在外壳件的支承边缘中制造凹陷部。接着可通过将盖板边缘放在支承边缘上直接放置塑料盖板件。例如，然后还可使用激光器加热支承边缘，其中通过这种加热，盖板边缘至少部分地熔化并且盖板边缘的材料流入凹陷部中形成突出部。接着，部分熔化的盖板边缘进行硬化，用以无胶粘剂地连接凹陷部和对应地形成的突出部。通过凹陷部与突出部的相互嵌接进行总体上地金属外壳件与盖板件之间的连接。
由此形成由两个不同的成分组成的封闭外壳，该外壳满足防爆要求。该外壳由金属外壳件和透明的盖板件组成，该外壳件和该盖板件以简单、快速且成本低廉的方式在不使用胶粘剂的情况下相连。
在此，自然还存在这样的可能性：在制造时确定凹陷部的数量和形状及其相互间的距离、其相对于支承边缘的指向等。自动通过盖板件的对应的部分熔化形成对应的突出部并且以此方式产生多个小的连接点，这些连接点在高连接稳定性的情况下满足防爆的所有要求。
此外，经证明有利的是，连接稳定性完全不再取决于所使用的胶粘剂或其效果，胶粘剂或其效果通常是在连接的稳定性和连接的使用寿命方面起到限制作用的元素。这一点尤其适用于温度变化和外壳的不同材料的不同伸展性的情况。
在一种简单的实施例中，可证明足够的是，对应的突出部和凹陷部基本上仅在沿边缘的方向上延伸。同样可设想的是，凹陷部和突出部在分别的环绕的边缘的方向上延伸并且在适当时还蜿蜒地延伸。所有这些不同的可能性视要求而定按照本发明是可实现的以及还可组合的。
在一种简单的实施例中，可证明有益的是，所有凹陷部和突出部沿仅纵向延伸，其中这些凹陷部和突出部可尤其沿外壳件的壁部纵向或边缘纵向延伸。
这些凹陷部可例如简单地与对应的支承边缘的表面垂直地向下延伸进材料中。同样可设想的是，这些凹陷部与纵向垂直地倾斜地延伸进材料中。这分别类似地适用于突出部，这些突出部通过盖板边缘的熔化制造并且通过盖板件的侵入凹陷部中的材料形成。
可设想凹陷部以及由此突出部的其他走向，如例如还这样的凹陷部和突出部，这些凹陷部和突出部具有基本上与该纵向垂直地延伸的槽或槽突出部。也就是说，这些凹陷部延伸进支承边缘的材料中，但是在该材料中还具有与该纵向垂直地延伸的槽。对应地构成突出部。
就此而言，还可视为有利的是，槽和槽突出部在两侧与该纵向垂直地构成。由此产生对应的件的更紧密且更稳定的连接。
在本专利申请对象中，还可视作有利的是，例如对应数量的凹陷部和突出部分别在边缘中在纵向上和与该纵向垂直地相互间隔地构成。因此，对应的凹陷部不必在支承边缘的整个长度上延伸，而是可在纵向上相继地并且相互间隔地构成数个这样的凹陷部。那么，这类似地适用于盖板边缘中的突出部。该间隔也可在与该纵向垂直的方向上进行，其中在该方向上分别形成和为实现外壳件与盖板件之间稳固的连接所必需的数量一样多的凹陷部和突出部。
可设想的是，例如支承边缘或盖板边缘分别自身也由两个成分形成，如例如金属和塑料。在此存在这样的可能性：分别在金属件中形成凹陷部和在塑料件中形成突出部。在一种简单的实施例中，对应的件自然地至少在其边缘的区域中分别地由仅一个成分制造而成，从而使得凹陷部在支承边缘中构成并且突出部在盖板边缘中构成。
为了能够在适当时补偿这些材料的不同热膨胀，凹陷部和突出部可在纵向上带间隙地相互嵌接。
在一种简单的实施例中，凹陷部和突出部能够以在纵向上分别相同的长度和相同的间距安排。同样可设想的是，凹陷部和突出部全部以相同的形状构成。在此，基本上通过凹陷部的形状产生突出部的形状，参见根据本发明的方法。
那么当例如外壳件为散热片并且盖板件为用于发光二极管(LED)的塑料盖时，同样可使用本发明。在此，还可为多个LED设置一个对应的塑料盖。该LED或这些LED在散热片及其容纳面上相互间隔地安排，其中这些容纳面由支承边缘包围。那么在该支承边缘的区域内，用于一个或多个LED的对应的塑料盖以对应的盖板边缘位于支承边缘上，并且以已说明的方式固定在该处。
上述槽或槽突出部根据本发明例如如此产生，即在制造对应的凹陷部的步骤中通过在凹陷部底部区域中的底切部制造这些槽或槽突出部。那么该底切部视其安排而定形成一个或也两个槽。对应的槽突出部在盖板边缘熔化以制造突出部时产生，该突出部然后还具有对应的槽突出部。
这在制造与纵向倾斜地延伸的凹陷部时同样适用，同样以对应的方式通过激光器或也通过另一种加工方式直接在支承边缘中制造凹陷部时制造这些凹陷部。
下面借助图纸中的附图对本发明的有利实施例进行详细说明。其中：
图1示出根据本发明的由外壳件和盖板件组成的防爆外壳的上方透视俯视图；
图2示出第一实施例中沿着图4中的线A-A的截面图；
图3示出类似于图2的穿过第二实施例的截面图；
图4示出图1中X区域的放大视图；
图5示出针对另一种实施例的图1中Y区域的放大视图；以及
图6示出类似于图2和3的沿着与线A-A垂直的线B-B的截面图。
图1示出根据本发明的由外壳件2和盖板件5组成的防爆外壳1。这样的外壳件2同样可为散热片16，在该散热片上例如安排有一个或多个LED，这些LED由塑料盖17覆盖，代替平的盖板件5。在任何情况下，该防爆外壳或外壳件2或盖板件5具有对应的支承边缘4或盖板边缘6，另请参见图2和图3。该支承边缘或盖板边缘相互贴靠并且通过多个连接点7相连。外壳件2由金属组成并且盖板件5由透明的塑料组成。由此可看见外壳件2内的电气设备、如例如信号灯或类似装置，或者对于散热片16和塑料盖17则可看见对应的LED。
在图2和图3中显示了针对连接点7的两个不同的实施例的沿着图4中的线A-A的纵截面图。
在图2中，凹陷部8沿方向10延伸，参见图4，该方向在所显示的实施例中对应于纵向11或与对应的外壳壁部18的壁部纵向12平行的方向。
同样可行的是，凹陷部8不仅在一个方向上延伸，而且还视安排而定在支承边缘4中在不同的方向上延伸或者还在支承边缘4的拐角区域内蜿蜒地或呈角度地延伸。自然地，制造凹陷部8(这些凹陷部全部在相同的纵向11上并且基本上与壁部纵向12平行地延伸)是一种简单的实施例，该实施例的突出之处在于对应的凹陷部的简单的安排。
在图2中，凹陷部在凹陷部底部20的区域中(另请参见图3)具有以槽22的形式的底切部19。这些槽在纵向11的两侧在对应的横向24上延伸，另请参见图4。在纵向11上，槽22由突出部9的对应的槽突出部23填充，而在凹陷部8的纵向11上的端部上的对应的槽(参见图6)则未被填充，以便在凹陷部8与突出部9之间产生间隙13。由此可补偿在温度变化时由于不同的材料而造成的外壳件2和盖板件5的可能不同的膨胀。
在根据图2的实施例中，对应的支承边缘4中的两个凹陷部8在横向24上并排地安排，另请参见图4。当然还存在这样的可能性：以不同的间距、深度和形状制造更少或更多这样的凹陷部。在一种简单的实施例中，凹陷部8全部采用相同的形状并且视安排而定在支承边缘中也采用相同的长度14，参见图4和图5。
在图2中，外壳件2具有外壳开口3，该外壳开口通过盖板件5向上封闭。替代外壳开口3可构成容纳面21，该容纳面例如用于在作为外壳件2的对应的散热片16上安排一个或多个LED。
在图3中显示了凹陷部8的另一种实施例，对应的突出部9伸入这些凹陷部中。在此情况下，凹陷部8在横向24上、即与纵向11垂直地、在朝向外壳壁部18的方向上倾斜地或还从该外壳壁部离开地延伸。也是在此情况下存在这样的可能性：所有凹陷部8以同样的方式倾斜地延伸或参见图3分别倾斜地朝向彼此地延伸。也是对于这些倾斜地延伸的凹陷部8而言存在这样的可能性：额外地构成对应的槽22，参见图2。
凹陷部8在横向24上基本上被突出部9填满，其中这同样适用于槽22，突出部9的槽突出部23伸入这些槽中。在凹陷部8的纵向11上的端部上，参见图6，突出部9与凹陷部8之间可存在间隙13，用于在不同的温度下补偿长度(参见上述实施方式)。
此外存在这样的可能性：槽22不直接在凹陷部底部20上构成，参见图2，而是例如与凹陷部底部间隔地安排。
在图4和图5中显示了凹陷部8以及由此突出部9的不同分布。
在图4中，凹陷部8全部在纵向11上或与壁部纵向12平行地延伸。沿外壳件2或支承边缘4的较长边的两个凹陷部8基本上在整个长度上延伸，而沿横向15安排有较短的凹陷部8，这些凹陷部自然地也基本上在支承边缘或盖板边缘的几乎整个长度上延伸。所有凹陷部8之间的对应的间距15可以是恒定的，其中，沿支承边缘的较短的部分的槽的长度14自然要比其他凹陷部8的长度更短。
在图5中，所有凹陷部8的间距和长度14均基本上相同。这同样适用于对应的凹陷部8的形状和深度。
凹陷部8的其他安排也是可行的，例如在根据图5的三排凹陷部8中也可并排构成具有不同长度的凹陷部(例如也类似于图4的一个或两个凹陷部)。
不同凹陷部8的安排适用于凹陷部的所有实施例，尤其参见图2和图3。
根据本发明的方法，直接在支承边缘4的表面制造这些凹陷部8，例如通过激光器。在此，视要求而定以及如制造商所需以对应的数量、长度和安排进行凹陷部的制造。然后，将盖板件或塑料盖放在外壳件2或散热片16上，其中支承边缘4和盖板边缘6相互贴靠。通过加热支承边缘4，例如再次通过激光器，盖板边缘部分熔化并且盖板边缘的材料流进凹陷部8中，以将其填满。由此产生突出部9，适当时具有槽突出部23，参见图2和图3。同时自然存在这样的可能性：在凹陷部8的纵向11上的端部上，凹陷部不由相应的突出部9完全填充，由此产生根据图6的对应的间隙13。
在此，图6相当于沿着纵向11的穿过根据图5的具有突出部的凹陷部和相邻的凹陷部/突出部之间的空隙25的截面图。
根据本发明，以简单、快速且价格低廉的方式在外壳件与盖板件之间产生连接用以制造防爆外壳。该连接在不使用胶粘剂的情况下在多个连接点处进行。所制造的连接具有高的稳定性和长的使用寿命。同时，由于凹陷部未被突出部完全填充，可在温度变化时在材料之间进行长度补偿。
尤其制造隔爆型连接，视要求而定以更多或更少的凹陷部和突出部在对应的安排中实现该隔爆型连接。
本发明可应用于所有情况，在其中电气设备固定在金属件之中或之上并且通过盖板件或盖子来覆盖。

Claims (17)

1.一种防爆外壳(1)，由至少一个金属外壳件(2)以及一个盖板件组成，所述金属外壳件具有至少一个外壳开口(3)和/或容纳面(21)和包围所述外壳开口和/或容纳面的支承边缘(4)，所述盖板件覆盖所述外壳开口(3)或容纳面(21)，具有环绕的盖板边缘，所述盖板边缘与所述支承边缘(4)防爆地相连，
其特征在于，
支承边缘(4)与盖板边缘(6)之间的多个连接点(7)构成为相互嵌接的凹陷部(8)和突出部(9)，其中所述突出部(9)通过所述盖板边缘(6)的部分熔化形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防爆外壳，其特征在于，凹陷部(8)和突出部(9)在沿所述支承边缘(4)或盖板边缘(6)的至少一个方向上分别相互间隔地形成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的防爆外壳，其特征在于，所有凹陷部(8)和突出部(9)沿仅纵向(11)、尤其与所述外壳(1)的壁部纵向(12)平行地延伸。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的防爆外壳，其特征在于，凹陷部(8)和突出部(9)与所述纵向(11)垂直地倾斜地延伸。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的防爆外壳，其特征在于，凹陷部(8)和突出部(9)具有基本上与所述纵向(11)垂直地延伸的槽(22)或槽突出部(23)。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的防爆外壳，其特征在于，槽(22)和槽突出部(23)在两侧在所述凹陷部(8)中或在所述突出部(9)处基本上与所述纵向(11)垂直地构成。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述的防爆外壳，其特征在于，数个凹陷部(8)和突出部(9)在所述边缘(4,6)上在纵向(11)上或与所述纵向垂直地相互间隔地构成。
8.根据前述权利要求之一所述的防爆外壳，其特征在于，所述凹陷部(8)分别在所述支承边缘(4)中并且所述突出部(9)分别在所述盖板边缘(6)中构成。
9.根据前述权利要求之一所述的防爆外壳，其特征在于，凹陷部(8)和突出部(9)在纵向(11)上带间隙(13)地相互嵌接。
10.根据前述权利要求之一所述的防爆外壳，其特征在于，凹陷部(8)和/或突出部(9)以在纵向(11)上分别相同的长度(14)和/或相同的间距(15)安排。
11.根据前述权利要求之一所述的防爆外壳，其特征在于，凹陷部(8)和/或突出部(9)以分别相同的形状构成。
12.根据前述权利要求之一所述的防爆外壳，其特征在于，所述外壳件(2)为散热片(16)并且所述盖板件(5)为用于至少一个发光二极管(LED)的塑料盖(17)。
13.一种用于连接防爆外壳(1)的外壳件(2)和盖板件(5)的方法，其特征在于以下步骤：
i)在所述外壳件(2)的支承边缘(4)中制造凹陷部(8)；
ii)通过将盖板边缘(6)放在所述支承边缘(4)上放置所述塑料盖板件(5)；
iii)加热至少所述支承边缘(4)直至所述盖板边缘(6)部分熔化并且流进所述凹陷部(8)中形成突出部(9)；
iv)硬化部分熔化的所述盖板边缘(6)，用以借助突出部和凹陷部的相互嵌接来无胶粘剂地连接外壳件(2)和盖板件(5)。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中在所述步骤i)中沿纵向(11)形成所述凹陷部(8)，所述纵向基本上与外壳壁部(18)平行地延伸。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的方法，其中在所述步骤i)中尤其在凹陷部底部(20)上制造具有底切部(19)的所述凹陷部(8)。
16.根据前述权利要求13至15之一所述的方法，其中在所述步骤iii)中如此进行所述盖板边缘(6)的熔化，使得所述突出部(9)与所述纵向垂直地基本上填满所述凹陷部(8)并且在纵向(11)上在突出部(9)与凹陷部(8)之间保留间隙(13)。
17.根据前述权利要求13至16之一所述的方法，其中在所述步骤i)中所述凹陷部(8)在与所述纵向(11)垂直地延伸的横向(24)上倾斜地延伸。
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