CN110382228A - 层压装配玻璃 - Google Patents

层压装配玻璃 Download PDF

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CN110382228A
CN110382228A CN201980001003.8A CN201980001003A CN110382228A CN 110382228 A CN110382228 A CN 110382228A CN 201980001003 A CN201980001003 A CN 201980001003A CN 110382228 A CN110382228 A CN 110382228A
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glass
glassing
lamination
temperature
inner panel
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CN110382228B (zh
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V.索维内
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B17/10009Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
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    • B32B17/10899Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
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    • C03C21/00Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
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    • C03C21/002Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
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Abstract

本发明的主题是一种曲面层压装配玻璃,其包含钠钙硅有色玻璃的外板和具有0.4至1.1 mm,特别是0.4至0.7 mm的厚度e2的化学钢化的铝硅酸钠透明玻璃的内板,所述外板和内板借助层压夹层接合在一起,所述有色玻璃具有包含0.6至2.2%的以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁重量含量的化学组成,选择内板和外板的玻璃以使0 ≤ T10in ‑ T10out ≤ 20℃,其中T10in是内板的玻璃的温度T10且T10out是外板的玻璃的温度T10,温度T10是所涉玻璃具有1010 dPa.s的粘度的温度。

Description

层压装配玻璃
本发明涉及层压装配玻璃的领域,更特别是机动车辆层压装配玻璃,特别用作挡风玻璃、顶玻璃或侧窗。
层压装配玻璃是其中两个玻璃板通过具有在发生破损时留持玻璃碎片的能力的层压夹层胶粘在一起的装配玻璃。层压夹层还可实现其它功能,例如防闯入性、声学、热等功能。层压夹层通常包含至少一个聚合物板,通常由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛制成,其能够在层压处理的过程中软化并粘贴到玻璃板上。
层压装配玻璃作为挡风玻璃和有时作为侧窗或顶玻璃用于机动车辆。在这方面,它们必须满足越来越多的要求,包括机械要求(它们必须经得住碎石冲击)、物理要求(它们必须尽可能轻以尽可能少地加重车辆的能耗)、光学要求(它们对可见光范围的透射必须足以为司机提供良好的能见度)和热要求(它们对太阳辐射的透射必须低以在夏季降低太阳得热和因此对空调的需求),更不用说成本要求。这些要求有一些是矛盾的,因为较轻的装配玻璃是较薄的装配玻璃,其具有不太好地耐受碎石冲击并透过更多红外辐射的倾向。
包含与钠钙硅有色玻璃结合的通常由铝硅酸钠制成的薄、透明和化学钢化玻璃的“杂化(Hybrid)”层压装配玻璃可满足这些各种要求。
另一些要求本身涉及制造这些装配玻璃的方法,和它们对是否存在缺陷的影响。特别地,层压装配玻璃通常是曲面的并且层压装配玻璃的两个玻璃板必须能够一起弯曲以确保完美组装和防止任何光学畸变。为此,叠加两个玻璃板,将内板置于外板上方并引入弯板炉,在此它们软化。该弯曲特别可以是重力弯曲,其中玻璃板在其自重下变形,借助专用设备调节变形。该弯曲也可以是压弯,贴着模具压制玻璃板。为了防止玻璃板在弯曲过程中互相粘连,可以通过在它们之间安置确保几十微米间隙的夹层粉末而使它们保持一定距离。这种小间隙通过限制经由两个玻璃板之间边缘的空气渗透率而进一步有可能建立吸力效应,这在内层玻璃是薄玻璃的情况下特别有利,因为其有可能通过“迫使”内层薄玻璃依循外层玻璃的变形而限制薄玻璃在弯曲过程中在边缘处形成波纹的倾向。但是证实,当铝硅酸钠玻璃和钠钙硅玻璃一起弯曲时,这种吸力效应不足。当装配玻璃具有复杂形状,特别是大的双曲率时,形成更大的不合意的边缘波纹。
本发明打算解决这些各种问题,特别是防止形成边缘波纹。
就此而言,本发明的一个主题是一种曲面层压装配玻璃,其包含钠钙硅有色玻璃的外板和具有0.4至1.1 mm,特别是0.4至0.7 mm的厚度e2的化学钢化的铝硅酸钠透明玻璃的内板,所述外板和内板借助层压夹层接合在一起、所述有色玻璃具有包含0.6至2.2%的以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁重量含量的化学组成,并选择内板和外板的玻璃以使0 ≤ T10in -T10out ≤ 20℃,其中T10in是内板的玻璃的温度T10且T10out是外板的玻璃的温度T10,温度T10是所涉玻璃具有1010 dPa.s的粘度的温度。
本发明的另一主题是用于运输车辆,特别是机动车辆的装配玻璃,特别是机动车辆挡风玻璃或顶玻璃,其包含根据本发明的层压装配玻璃。
本发明的另一主题是一种获得根据本发明的层压装配玻璃的方法。这种方法包括下列相继步骤:
- 弯曲步骤,其中将被称为内玻璃板并打算成为装配玻璃的内板的具有0.4至1.1 mm的厚度e2的铝硅酸钠透明玻璃板和被称为外玻璃板并打算成为装配玻璃的外板的具有包含0.6至2.2%的以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁重量含量的化学组成的钠钙硅有色玻璃板一起弯曲,所述内玻璃板置于所述外玻璃板上方,借助夹层粉末隔开这两个玻璃板,然后
- 化学钢化步骤,其中使所述内玻璃板与熔融钾盐接触,然后
- 层压步骤,其中借助层压夹层将内玻璃板和外玻璃板接合在一起。
本发明人已经能够证实,T10in和T10out温度的审慎选择使得有可能在玻璃板的弯曲过程中防止在薄玻璃中出现边缘波纹。进一步证实,使用钠钙硅玻璃有可能实现足够的T10out值,其中相对于传统上用于制造建筑行业或运输行业用的装配玻璃的标准玻璃调节钠钙硅玻璃的化学组成。
单位dPa.s在玻璃技术中也常被称为“泊”。优选根据标准ISO 7884-3使用纤维伸长粘度计测量温度T10。在任何(任选)化学钢化前在玻璃上测量温度T10。
如果T10in – T10out被标作ΔT10,则根据本发明,0 ≤ ΔT10 ≤ 20℃。
ΔT10必须为0或正数。ΔT10优选严格地为正数,特别是至少5℃或10℃。确实已经证实有利的是,内层玻璃比外层玻璃略粘以防止在弯曲过程中由于内层玻璃在夹层粉末上的压力而在内层玻璃上形成痕迹。
ΔT10优选为最多18℃,特别是15℃。这是因为太高的差值ΔT10导致形成不合意的边缘波纹。
内板被理解为是指打算安置在车辆客舱的内侧的玻璃板。该板因此位于装配玻璃的凹面。相反,打算安置在车辆客舱的外侧的外板位于装配玻璃的凸面。引申而言,内或外(玻璃)板也分别被描述为在弯曲、化学钢化和层压步骤后打算成为最终装配玻璃的内板或外板的玻璃板。
该装配玻璃优选由外板、内板和层压夹层构成,但是不排除这些构件之一被如下所述的层或叠层涂布。
内板和外板的厚度的选择对抗碎石冲击性具有特别重要的影响。具体而言,证实抗碎石冲击性随层压装配玻璃的总厚度而降低,但在内板的厚度降低时提高。
外板的厚度e1优选为最多2.4 mm,特别是2.3 mm或2.2 mm或2.1 mm。其优选为至少1.6或1.7 mm。厚度e1有利地在1.6至2.4 mm的范围内。
内板的厚度e2优选为最多1.0 mm,特别是0.9 mm或0.8 mm或0.7 mm。厚度e2优选为至少0.5 mm。
厚度e2有利地小于厚度e1。
为了优化抗碎石冲击性,比率R = e2/e1²有利地为最多0.40,特别是0.35或0.30,特别是0.25或0.20。其优选为至少0.10。
特别有利的e1/e2厚度对特别是:
e1=1.6 mm和e2=0.5 mm
e1=1.6 mm和e2=0.7 mm
e1=1.8 mm和e2=0.5 mm
e1=1.8 mm和e2=0.7 mm
e1=2.1 mm和e2=0.5 mm
e1=2.1 mm和e2=0.7 mm。
内板由具有0.4至1.1 mm,优选0.4至0.7 mm的厚度e1的化学钢化的铝硅酸钠透明玻璃制成。这种类型的玻璃已证实能够与外板组合提供既轻质又机械坚固的装配玻璃。
铝硅酸钠玻璃优选包含(在化学钢化前)55至73重量%的SiO2、2至20重量%的Al2O3和9至17重量%的Na2O。其进一步包含,有利地,2至11重量%的MgO、0至10重量%的K2O、少于3重量%的CaO和少于10重量%,特别是少于5重量%的B2O3
更特别地,铝硅酸钠玻璃优选(在化学钢化前)具有下列组成之一,作为氧化物的重量百分比表示。
SiO2:55-71%,特别是59-68%;Al2O3:3-11%,特别是4-10%;MgO:4-11%,特别是5-10%;Na2O:9-17%,特别是10-14%;K2O:3-12%,特别是5-11%;B2O3:<2%,特别是<0.5%;CaO:<1%,特别是< 0.5%。
SiO2:55-70%,特别是58-68%;Al2O3:8-20%,特别是9-18%;MgO:2-8%,特别是2-7%;Na2O:10-17%,特别是11-16%;K2O:1至8%,特别是1至6%;B2O3:< 3%,特别是< 2%;CaO:< 1%,特别是< 0.6%。
SiO2:60-73%,特别是63-71%;Al2O3:2-8%,特别是3-6%;MgO:6-11%,特别是7-10%;Na2O:10-17%,特别是11-16%;K2O:< 2%,特别是< 1%;CaO:0-3%,特别是1-2%;B2O3:< 2%,特别是< 1%。
表述“透明玻璃”被理解为是指(在实际厚度下的)光透射为至少90%的玻璃。通过将由标准ISO 11664-2规定的光源A和由标准ISO 11664-1规定的CIE 1931参考观察者(2°)考虑在内,由在所涉玻璃板上产生的实验光谱计算光透射。透明玻璃通常含有最多0.15%,特别是0.1%和甚至0.08%的总铁重量含量。但是,透明玻璃的总铁重量含量通常为至少0.01%,因为玻璃熔融中所用的天然原材料含有铁杂质,并且更低的含量要求使用特别昂贵的原材料。透明玻璃通常不含铁以外的着色剂;特别地,除不可避免的杂质外,其优选不含氧化钴、氧化铬、硒、氧化铜、氧化镍和稀土元素的氧化物。
化学钢化(也称为“离子交换”)在于使玻璃表面与熔融钾盐(例如硝酸钾)接触,以通过用较大离子半径的离子(钾离子)交换来自玻璃的离子(在此为钠离子)来增强玻璃表面。这种离子交换实际上使得有可能在玻璃表面和经过一定厚度形成压缩应力。优选地,表面应力为至少300 MPa,特别是400和甚至500 MPa,和最多700 MPa,且压缩区的厚度为至少20 µm,通常20至50 µm。可以使用配有巴比内补偿器的偏光显微镜以已知方式测定应力分布。化学钢化步骤优选在380至480℃的温度下进行30分钟至3小时的持续时间。在弯曲后进行化学钢化步骤,因为弯曲具有将玻璃去钢化(de-toughening)的效应。
温度T10in优选在660至680℃,特别是660至675℃的范围内。
外板由钠钙硅有色玻璃制成,其化学组成包含0.6至2.2%的以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁重量含量。
温度T10ext优选在655至675℃的范围内。
钠钙硅玻璃被理解为是指含有二氧化硅作为成形体(former)氧化物并含有钠和钙氧化物作为改性剂氧化物的玻璃。钠钙硅玻璃通常具有包含60至78%的二氧化硅(SiO2)、9至16%的苏打(Na2O)和5至15%的石灰(CaO)的化学组成。如下文中所示,这种钠钙硅玻璃优选没有机械增强。
外板优选通过浮法获得,即其中将熔融玻璃倒在熔融锡浴上的方法。
为了提供适合最常用的铝硅酸钠玻璃的T10out温度,该有色玻璃有利地具有包含在下面限定的限值内变化的重量含量的下列成分的化学组成:
SiO2 68-75%
Al2O3 0-3%
CaO + MgO 11-16.2%
MgO 0-6.5%
Na2O 9-12.4%
K2O 0-1.5%。
尽管为钠钙硅类型,但类似于标准玻璃,这些组成令人惊讶地有可能获得对铝硅酸钠内板的T10in温度而言合适的T10out温度。
SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、MgO、Na2O、K2O的重量含量之和优选为至少95%,特别是98%。SrO、BaO和/或ZrO2的含量有利地为0以不加重玻璃板的成本。锑和砷氧化物的含量也有利地为0,因为这些氧化物与浮法不相容。该组合物的其它成分可能是源自原材料或归因于熔化炉的耐火材料或精炼剂(特别是SO3)的降解的杂质。
二氧化硅(SiO2)是玻璃的主要成形体元素。在过低含量下,玻璃的耐水解性(特别是在碱性介质中)降低太多。另一方面,高于75%的含量导致玻璃粘度的极其不利的提高。二氧化硅含量优选为至少69%,特别是70%和/或最多74%,特别是73%或72%。
氧化铝(Al2O3)有可能提高玻璃的耐水解性和降低其折射率。氧化铝的含量优选为至少0.5%,特别是1%、1.5%或2%和/或最多2.5%。提高Al2O3含量有可能提高T10out温度。
石灰(CaO)的加入具有降低玻璃的高温粘度并因此促进其熔融和精制,同时提高下限退火温度和因此热稳定性的优点。但是,可归因于这种氧化物的液相线温度和折射率的提高使其含量受到限制。氧化镁(MgO)可用于改进玻璃的化学耐久性和降低其粘度。但是,高含量导致反玻璃化风险增强。CaO的含量优选为至少8%或9%和甚至10%和/或最多13%,特别是12%或11%。提高CaO和MgO的含量有可能提高T10out温度。
苏打(Na2O)可用于降低高温粘度和液相线温度。但是太高的含量导致玻璃的耐水解性及其热稳定性变差,同时提高成本。苏打的加入降低T10out温度。钾碱(K2O)具有相同优点和缺点。Na2O的含量优选为至少9.5%,特别是10%或11%,或11.5%和/或最多12%。K2O的含量优选为最多1%和/或至少0.5%。
根据第一个优选实施方案,MgO的重量含量为最多1%,特别是0.5%和甚至0.1%。CaO的含量有利地为至少11.5%或12%。Na2O的含量优选为至少10%或11%。其有利地为最多12%。特别优选的组合物包含在下面限定的限值内变化的重量含量的下列成分:
SiO2 71-74.2%
Al2O3 0-3%
CaO 11.5-13%
MgO 0-1%
Na2O 11-12.4%,特别是11-12%
K2O 0-1.5%。
根据第二个优选实施方案,MgO的重量含量为至少4%,或4.5%或5%和/或至少6%。CaO的含量优选在9至11%之间,特别是在9至10.5%之间。Na2O的含量有利地为至少9.5%或10%和/或最多12%或11%。特别优选的组合物包含在下面限定的限值内变化的重量含量的下列成分:
SiO2 70-74%
Al2O3 0-2%
CaO 9-10.5%
MgO 4-6.5%,特别是4-6%
Na2O 10-11%
K2O 0-1%。
根据第三个实施方案,CaO的重量含量为至少9%,特别是10%和/或最多12%,特别是11%。MgO的重量含量优选为至少4%和/或最多5%。Na2O的含量优选为至少11%。
特别优选的组合物包含在下面限定的限值内变化的重量含量的下列成分:
SiO2 69-72%,特别是69-71%
Al2O3 1-3%,特别是1.7-3%
CaO 10-12%,特别是10.1-11%
MgO 4-5%
Na2O 11-12.4%,特别是11.5-12%
K2O 0-1%,特别是0-0.3%。
以Fe2O3形式表示的有色玻璃的总铁重量含量优选为至少0.7%,特别是0.8%。其优选为最多1.9%,特别是1.6%或1.4%。其优选在0.7至1.8%,特别是0.8至1.5%的范围内。
有色玻璃的氧化还原比优选为至少0.22,特别是0.25。其优选为最多0.31,特别是0.30或0.29或0.28。氧化还原比优选在0.22至0.31,特别是0.24至0.29,或0.25至0.27的范围内。氧化还原比相当于以FeO形式表示的亚铁重量含量和以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁重量含量之间的比率。
总铁的重量含量和/或氧化还原比的这种选择使得有可能获得具有良好的光学和热性质的装配玻璃,特别是在光透射和直接太阳光透射方面。
该有色玻璃优选不含氧化铁或氧化钛以外的着色剂。氧化钛是在某些原材料中经常包含的杂质并可能有助于将玻璃轻微着色。氧化钛含量通常为最多0.1%或0.06%。该有色玻璃优选不含氧化钴、氧化镍、氧化铬、硒、氧化铜、氧化钒、氧化锰。其优选不含稀土元素氧化物,特别是不含氧化铈。根据一个变体,该有色玻璃可能含有极少量的至少一种上述着色剂以调节光学性质。在这种情况下,铁和钛氧化物以外的着色剂的总含量优选为最多40ppm(1 ppm = 0.0001%),特别是30或20 ppm。
为了改进抗碎石冲击性,外板优选由没有机械增强的玻璃制成。因此,在这种情况下,其既没有钢化(toughened)也没有淬火(hardened)。表述“没有机械增强”被理解为是指尚未通过化学钢化或使用以在玻璃板表面建立高压缩应力为目的的强制冷却手段实施增强的玻璃板。但是这一定义不排除使用常规使用的并且是遵循周期时间或获得形状应力(form stresses)所必需的冷却手段的可能性。在形成机动车辆装配玻璃的方法的过程中,实际上必须在其形成后冷却玻璃以遵循周期时间并通过使装配玻璃的周边受压而建立形状应力以提高边缘的抗裂性。表述“没有机械增强”因此不排除存在边缘应力。
没有机械增强的玻璃优选使得残余内芯拉伸应力为最多12 MPa,特别是5 MPa或2MPa。特别在弯曲后,更尤其在弯板炉的出口和玻璃温度相当于其退火温度的区域之间以最多1℃/秒的冷却速率获得这样的应力值。特别在通过从装配玻璃上切割10 mm × 50 mm的平行六面体试样而得的试样上,通过将第一玻璃板与层压夹层分离,例如通过在150至200℃的温度下热处理试样,然后通过测量玻璃板厚度中的应力来进行残余应力的测量。可以例如使用书籍“Photoelasticity of Glass”, H. Aben, C. Guillemet著(1993)Springer Verlag的第8章中描述的biasographe进行应力的测量。
该装配玻璃是曲面的。为了实现这一点,这两个玻璃板在借助层压夹层组装之间通常一起弯曲。可以以已知方式,例如通过重力弯曲(玻璃在其自重下变形)或通过压弯,在通常600至680℃的温度下进行弯曲。在弯曲过程中,将内玻璃板置于外玻璃板上方。如上所述,为了防止玻璃板在弯曲过程中互相粘连,优选通过在它们之间安置确保几十微米,通常20至50 µm间隙的夹层粉末而使玻璃板保持一定距离。夹层粉末例如基于碳酸钙和/或碳酸镁。
可以以已知方式通过例如在110至160℃的温度和10至15巴的压力下的压热处理进行层压。在压热处理前,可通过压延或通过真空清除截留在玻璃板与层压夹层之间的空气。
该装配玻璃的直接太阳光透射优选为最多52%,特别是50%,和甚至48%或46%或45%。其通常为至少35%。根据标准ISO 9050:2003测定直接太阳光透射。
该装配玻璃的光透射优选为至少70%,特别是71%。其有利地为最多80%,特别是最多78%或77%和甚至75%或74%。通过将由标准ISO 11664-2规定的光源A和由标准ISO 11664-1规定的CIE 1931参考观察者(2°)考虑在内,由在所涉装配玻璃上产生的实验光谱计算光透射。
该装配玻璃的厚度优选为最多5 mm,特别是4.5 mm或4 mm。其通常为至少2.8 mm,特别是3 mm。
如上所述,本发明使得有可能防止在弯曲后出现边缘波纹,这在复杂、大尺寸和/或高曲面装配玻璃的情况下特别难获得。
该装配玻璃优选具有至少1.5 m²或1.6或1.8 m²的表面积。
该装配玻璃优选是双曲面的(doubly curved)。其优选具有至少20 mm的双弯曲深度(常简称为“双弯曲”)。如果其无法包括在由垂直于同一平面的直线生成的表面中,则装配玻璃是双曲面的。在实践中,在机动车辆领域中,当装配玻璃的横截面,在装配玻璃的对称面中和在垂直于所述对称面的平面中,表现出曲率时,装配玻璃被说成是双曲面的。双弯曲这时被定义为在平行于装配玻璃对称面的平面中的最大弧和在垂直于所述对称面的平面中的最大弧的最小值。当没有明显对称时,在装配玻璃在车辆中的使用位置中,代替对称面,作为参考,对不是侧窗的装配玻璃(挡风玻璃、顶玻璃)取平行于车辆位移(在直线中)的垂直面,和对侧窗取垂直于车辆位移(在直线中)的垂直面。最后一个相当的可能性是当弯板炉是水平的时取平行于装配玻璃在弯板炉中的位移的垂直面。
至少一个玻璃板可在朝向层压夹层的面上被导电和/或低辐射薄层的叠层涂布,以获得加热装配玻璃或进一步改进装配玻璃的隔热。这样的叠层优选包含侧面有至少两个薄介电层的至少一个薄银层。
层压夹层优选包含至少一个聚乙烯醇缩醛,特别是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)的板。
如果必要,为了调节装配玻璃的光学或热性质,层压夹层可以是有色或无色的。
层压夹层可有利地具有吸声性质以吸收空气传声或固体传声。为此,其特别可由三个聚合物板构成,包括两个所谓的PVB外板,其侧面有任选由PVB制成、具有比外板低的硬度的聚合物内板。
层压夹层也可具有隔热性质,特别是反射红外辐射的性质。为此,其可包含具有低辐射率的薄层的涂层,例如包含薄银层的涂层或不同折射率的交替介电层的涂层,其沉积在侧面有两个PVB外板的PET内板上。
层压夹层的厚度通常在0.3至1.5 mm,特别是0.5至1 mm的范围内。层压夹层可具有在装配玻璃的边缘比在装配玻璃的中心薄的厚度,以防止在使用平视显示器(HUD)系统的情况下形成重像。
下列实施例以非限制性方式例示本发明。
如下文详述制造层压曲面装配玻璃。然后将切割的内和外玻璃板彼此叠加,更具体地,内板在外板上,这两个板被由碳酸镁制成的夹层粉末隔开,以在这两个板之间制造大约20 µm的间隙。然后将安置在弯曲骨架上的这两个玻璃板置于弯板炉中以获得所需曲率。所用弯曲周期是用于制造挡风玻璃的常规周期:温度提高380 s以达到保持期,在此期间玻璃板在下示最大弯曲温度下保持30 s,然后以0.80℃/s的速率冷却。在冷却和洗涤后,通过将玻璃板浸没在熔融硝酸钾盐中以获得550 MPa的上表面应力和40 µm的压缩厚度,将内玻璃板化学钢化。然后使用0.76-mm厚的PVB层压夹层以已知方式层压这两个玻璃板。
内板由铝硅酸钠透明玻璃制成。其厚度为0.5 mm。这种玻璃(在化学钢化前)的T10in温度等于665℃。
外板由没有机械增强的钠钙硅有色玻璃制成。其厚度为1.6 mm。以Fe2O3表示的总铁含量为1%,氧化还原比为0.26。
在对比例中,钠钙硅玻璃的以重量计的化学组成如下:SiO2:72.4%;Al2O3:0.6%;Fe2O3:1.0%;Na2O:13.4%;K2O:0.1%、CaO:9.0%;MgO:3.1%。这种玻璃的T10out温度等于635℃,以使ΔT10等于30℃。最大弯曲温度为635℃。
在根据本发明的实施例中,钠钙硅玻璃的以重量计的化学组成如下:SiO2:69.3%;Al2O3:2.0%;Fe2O3:1.0%;Na2O:11.9%;K2O:0.7%、CaO:10.5%;MgO:4.3%。这种玻璃的T10out温度等于660℃,以使ΔT10等于5℃。最大弯曲温度为655℃。
在对比例的情况下,边缘波纹肉眼可见。内玻璃板的这些波纹表现为两个玻璃板之间的周期性局部分离。在边缘,内板在某些地方与外板分离20 mm的距离。另一方面,在根据本发明的实施例的情况下,没有观察到波纹。

Claims (14)

1.一种曲面层压装配玻璃,其包含钠钙硅有色玻璃的外板和具有0.4至1.1 mm,特别是0.4至0.7 mm的厚度e2的化学钢化的铝硅酸钠透明玻璃的内板,所述外板和内板借助层压夹层接合在一起,所述有色玻璃具有包含0.6至2.2%的以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁重量含量的化学组成,并选择内板和外板的玻璃以使0 ≤ T10in - T10out ≤ 20℃,其中T10in是内板的玻璃的温度T10且T10out是外板的玻璃的温度T10,温度T10是所涉玻璃具有1010 dPa.s的粘度的温度。
2.如权利要求1中所述的层压装配玻璃,以使外板的厚度e1在1.6至2.4 mm的范围内。
3.如前一权利要求中所述的层压装配玻璃,以使比率R = e2/e1²为最多0.40,特别是0.30。
4.如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压装配玻璃,以使温度T10out在655至675℃的范围内。
5.如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压装配玻璃,以使温度T10in在660至680℃的范围内。
6.如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压装配玻璃,以使T10in – T10out ≥ 5℃。
7.如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压装配玻璃,其中所述有色玻璃具有包含在下面限定的限值内变化的重量含量的下列成分的化学组成:
SiO2 68-75%
Al2O3 0-3%
CaO + MgO 11-16.2%
MgO 0-6.5%
Na2O 9-12.4%
K2O 0-1.5%。
8.如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压装配玻璃,以使以Fe2O3形式表示的有色玻璃的总铁重量含量在0.7至1.8%,特别是0.8至1.5%的范围内。
9.如前述权利要求之一中所述的装配玻璃,其中所述有色玻璃具有0.22至0.31,特别是0.24至0.29的氧化还原比,其被定义为以FeO形式表示的亚铁重量含量和以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁重量含量之间的比率。
10.如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压装配玻璃,其中所述外板由没有机械增强的玻璃制成。
11.如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压装配玻璃,其厚度为最多5 mm,特别是4.5 mm或4 mm。
12.如前述权利要求之一中所述的装配玻璃,其是双曲面的并具有至少20 mm的双弯曲深度。
13.用于运输车辆,特别是机动车辆的装配玻璃,特别是挡风玻璃或顶玻璃,其包含如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压装配玻璃。
14.一种获得如权利要求1至12之一中所述的曲面层压装配玻璃的方法,其包括下列相继步骤:
- 弯曲步骤,其中将被称为内玻璃板并打算成为装配玻璃的内板的具有0.4至1.1 mm的厚度e2的铝硅酸钠透明玻璃板和被称为外玻璃板并打算成为装配玻璃的外板的具有包含0.6至2.2%的以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁重量含量的化学组成的钠钙硅有色玻璃板一起弯曲,所述内玻璃板置于所述外玻璃板上方,借助夹层粉末隔开这两个玻璃板,然后
- 化学钢化步骤,其中使所述内玻璃板与熔融钾盐接触,然后
- 层压步骤,其中借助层压夹层将内玻璃板和外玻璃板接合在一起。
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