CN110380155A - A kind of power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device - Google Patents

A kind of power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110380155A
CN110380155A CN201910653412.8A CN201910653412A CN110380155A CN 110380155 A CN110380155 A CN 110380155A CN 201910653412 A CN201910653412 A CN 201910653412A CN 110380155 A CN110380155 A CN 110380155A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
power battery
thermal runaway
circulation line
injection valve
safety device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201910653412.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
周琼玉
黄刚
周汉祖
其他发明人请求不公开姓名
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Desa Intelligent Technology (wuhan) Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Desa Intelligent Technology (wuhan) Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Desa Intelligent Technology (wuhan) Co Ltd filed Critical Desa Intelligent Technology (wuhan) Co Ltd
Priority to CN201910653412.8A priority Critical patent/CN110380155A/en
Publication of CN110380155A publication Critical patent/CN110380155A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613Cooling or keeping cold
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615Heating or keeping warm
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625Vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63Control systems
    • H01M10/635Control systems based on ambient temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567Liquids
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567Liquids
    • H01M10/6568Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to electric vehicle engineering fields, disclose a kind of power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device, including device for storing liquid, circulating pump, circulation line and injection valve;The circulation line is layed in the cabinet of encapsulation power battery pack, filled with insulation cooling medium in the device for storing liquid, the device for storing liquid is connected to by the circulating pump with the circulation line, multiple injection valves are installed on the circulation line, the battery module of the injection valve towards the power battery pack is arranged, and each injection valve is electrically connected with the BMS battery manager of the power battery pack.Without increasing additional temperature-detecting device, the monitoring that power battery pack thermal runaway accident can be realized is handled power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device of the invention, and guarantees the security reliability of power battery pack, and light-weight, easy to promote and utilize.

Description

A kind of power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device
Technical field
The present invention relates to power battery technology fields, and in particular to a kind of power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device.
Background technique
Power battery thermal runaway refers to that cell batteries heat release chain reaction causes battery temperature rise rate jumpy Overheat, on fire, explosion phenomenon.With the popularization and application of electric car, because safety accident caused by thermal runaway happens occasionally, cause The property loss of consumer, and hit consumer to the confidence of electric car.It is automobile-used dynamic for the generation for taking precautions against thermal runaway Power battery system needs to carry out corresponding safe design.
Phase-change material (PCM) is that temperature remains unchanged or variation range very little in phase transition process, but can absorb or discharge The substance of a large amount of latent heat.Currently, PCM is widely applied in many fields.For example, battery cell or battery module can It is directly immersed in PCM, the heat for being melted by PCM or absorbing and releasing when solidifying carries out heat management to battery.But since this sets Meter scheme makes PCM quality specific gravity in battery pack larger, and there is no popularize in the market in power battery.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned technical deficiency, a kind of power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device is provided, The technical issues of solution in the prior art can not effectively take precautions against battery thermal runaway.
To reach above-mentioned technical purpose, technical solution of the present invention provides a kind of power battery thermal runaway automatic protection dress It sets, including device for storing liquid, circulating pump, circulation line and injection valve;
The circulation line is layed in the cabinet of encapsulation power battery pack, and phase transformation material is filled in the device for storing liquid Material, the device for storing liquid are connected to by the circulating pump with the circulation line, are equipped on the circulation line multiple described Injection valve, the injection valve towards the power battery pack battery module be arranged, each injection valve with the power electric The BMS battery manager of Chi Bao is electrically connected.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect comprise that the present invention passes through device for storing liquid, circulating pump and circulation Pipeline constitutes the circulatory system of insulation cooling medium, covers as above installation injection valve, BMS battery manager in circulation and detects battery It when thermal runaway occurs for module, controls corresponding injection valve and opens, insulation cooling medium sprays to the battery module of thermal runaway, is dropped Temperature is cooling and puts out a fire.The present invention realizes the detection of thermal runaway using the BMS battery manager of electric car itself, without increasing Additional temperature-detecting device, BMS battery manager control the switch of injection valve, thus when thermal runaway occurs for battery module, Insulation cooling medium is sprayed in time to be handled, and is guaranteed the security reliability of power battery pack, is avoided the generation of thermal runaway accident, Covering of the insulation cooling medium for entire power battery pack is realized by circulation line simultaneously, realizes power battery pack thermal runaway Overall monitor while, reduce insulation cooling medium weight, reduce the overall weight of power battery pack, convenient for promote Using.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device provided by the invention.
Appended drawing reference:
1, device for storing liquid, 2, circulating pump, 3, circulation line, 4, injection valve, 5, circulating electromagnetic valve, 10, cabinet, 20, battery Module, 30, BMS battery manager.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and It is not used in the restriction present invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device, including liquid storage dress Set 1, circulating pump 2, circulation line 3 and injection valve 4;
The circulation line 3 is layed in the cabinet 10 of encapsulation power battery pack, filled with insulation in the device for storing liquid 1 Cooling medium, the device for storing liquid 1 are connected to the circulation line 3 by the circulating pump 2, are installed on the circulation line 3 There are multiple injection valves 4, the battery module 20 of the injection valve 4 towards the power battery pack is arranged, each injection valve 4 It is electrically connected with the BMS battery manager 30 of the power battery pack.
The embodiment of the present invention is made up of the cyclic system of insulation cooling medium device for storing liquid 1, circulating pump 2, circulation line 3 System, insulation cooling medium run through circulation line 3, circulate under the control of circulating pump 2 via circulation line 3, in power electric Pond packet normal use, when thermal runaway not occurring, the circulatory system for the cooling medium that insulate is used to cool down to power battery pack, works as power Battery pack thermal runaway, the injection valve 4 nearest apart from thermal runaway battery module 20 are opened, and the cooling medium that insulate is from circulation line 3 It sprays, cools down to the battery module 20 that thermal runaway occurs put out a fire rapidly, eliminate safe hidden trouble at the first time for thermal runaway, guarantee The safety and reliability of electric car.Therefore, the present invention is integrated with the function of cooling down and put out a fire to power battery pack, Prevent the fire that thermal runaway causes while realizing power battery pack heat management function.
The judgement of thermal runaway is realized by BMS battery manager 30, since electric car itself just has BMS system, this The power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device that invention provides is not necessarily to the portions such as other structures or special monitoring temperature sensor Part carries out the detection of temperature, to effectively reduce cost under the premise of improving power battery pack reliability.
Determine that the condition that thermal runaway occurs can be arranged according to the performance parameter of power battery pack, such as heat is lost in the present embodiment Control condition is as follows:
A) battery modules at monitoring point generate voltage drop, and drop-out value is more than the 25% of initial voltage;
B) monitoring point temperature is higher than 50 DEG C of given threshold;
C) temperature rise rate dT/dt >=1 DEG C/s of monitoring point, and continue 3s or more.
When a) and c) occurring or b) and when c) occurring, determine that thermal runaway occurs.
Power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device provided by the invention carries out insulation cooling medium injection for thermal runaway Direct cooling down or fire extinguishing, optimize electric automobile power battery heat management system function, further prevent and exclude electronic Automotive system security risk improves the safety and reliability of vehicle electric system, effectively prevents power battery pack because heat is lost The accidents such as the fire caused are controlled, further genralrlization and the application of electric car are conducive to.
Preferably, the insulation cooling medium is phase-change material.
Phase-change material absorbs a large amount of latent heat, mobility strong characteristic when having insulation, phase transformation, therefore chooses phase-change material and make It is most suitable for the cooling fire extinguishing material of power battery pack.For example, this preferred embodiment selects carbon dioxide coolant as exhausted Edge cooling medium, under normal pressure, the carbon dioxide of liquid can vaporization absorption heat immediately, reduce rapidly the temperature of environment, because This can play cooling extinguishing effect well;In addition, carbon dioxide itself cannot burn, also do not support to burn, density ratio is empty Gas is big, thus can reduce the oxygen concentration around combustible, generates smothering action and puts out a fire.
Preferably, the circulation line 3 uses the air-conditioning duct of electric car, is additionally provided with and adds on the device for storing liquid 1 Hot device and radiator.
Circulation line 3 and the air-conditioning duct of electric car are combined into one by this preferred embodiment, are realized by air-conditioning system Thermal runaway management is realized while temperature control.Specifically, exactly the circulatory mediator in air-conditioning system is changed into insulation cooling medium, It is preferred that changing phase-change material into, air-conditioning system and power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device are done into whole design, by air-conditioning duct It is in parallel with circulation line 3, realize the heating and refrigeration of insulation cooling medium, by radiator and heater to adapt to different temperature Degree requires.Confirmation, circulation line 3 are detected by BMS battery manager 30 when thermal runaway occurs for the battery module 20 of power battery pack On closest to the battery module 20 injection valve 4 open, insulation cooling medium ejection cooling fire extinguishing is carried out to the region of thermal runaway.
Preferably, the air-conditioning duct is the liquid cooling plate being installed in the power battery pack.
Liquid cooling plate is common air-conditioning duct, this preferred embodiment using liquid cooling plate as air-conditioning duct, while as following Endless tube road 3.
Preferably, the circulation line 3 is connect by heat exchanger with the air-conditioning duct of the electric car.
The air-conditioning duct of electric car is individually arranged with circulation line 3 in this preferred embodiment, will by heat exchanger Air-conditioning duct is coupled with circulation line 3.Since air-conditioning duct is separately provided, when power battery pack does not detect thermal runaway When, circulation line 3 is in close state, corresponding to spray when power battery pack thermal runaway is detected by BMS battery manager 30 to be confirmed It penetrates valve 4 and opens the injection cooling for realizing insulation cooling medium.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 1, the quantity of the injection valve 4 is equal with the quantity of the battery module 20 and one is a pair of It answers, each injection valve 4 is respectively facing corresponding battery module 20 and is arranged.
A corresponding injection valve 4 is arranged in each battery module 20, realizes that accurate injection when thermal runaway covers fire extinguishing. Preferably, multiple battery modules of power battery pack can also be isolated and is arranged, followed accordingly for the setting of each battery modules Endless tube road 3 is that corresponding injection valve 4, the quantity of injection valve 4 and the number of battery cell is arranged in multiple battery cells in battery modules It measures equal and corresponds, when battery cell thermal runaway detected by BMS battery manager 30, insulation cooling medium is from corresponding Injection valve 4 spray, rapidly to the battery cell cooling down of thermal runaway or fire extinguishing, to realize at more accurately thermal runaway Reason.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 1, being also equipped with circulating electromagnetic valve 5 on the circulation line 3.
Circulating electromagnetic valve 5, control loop process are set on circulation line 3.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 1, multiple battery modules 20 are arranged in arrays in the cabinet 10, the circulation The serpentine-like line of pipeline 3 is laid with.
Circulation line 3 is laid with around the serpentine-like line of battery modules, so that being equipped between per adjacent two rows of battery modules Circulation line 3.Two groups of injection valves 4, one group of 4 direction of injection valve are installed on the circulation line 3 between adjacent two rows of battery modules Wherein row's battery modules are arranged, and another group of injection valve 4 is arranged towards another row's battery modules, are meeting each battery in this way Under the premise of mould group has corresponding injection valve 4, the occupied space and length of circulation line 3 are reduced as far as possible, mitigate insulation The weight of cooling medium, so that the whole more lightweight of power battery pack, miniaturization, conducive to the popularization and application of power battery pack.
The above described specific embodiments of the present invention are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..Any basis Any other various changes and modifications that technical concept of the invention is made should be included in the guarantor of the claims in the present invention It protects in range.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device, which is characterized in that including device for storing liquid, circulating pump, circulation line And injection valve;
The circulation line is layed in the cabinet of encapsulation power battery pack, is situated between in the device for storing liquid filled with insulation cooling Matter, the device for storing liquid are connected to by the circulating pump with the circulation line, are equipped on the circulation line multiple described Injection valve, the injection valve towards the power battery pack battery module be arranged, each injection valve with the power electric The BMS battery manager of Chi Bao is electrically connected.
2. power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the insulation is cooling to be situated between Matter is phase-change material.
3. power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the circulation line is adopted With the air-conditioning duct of electric car, heater and radiator are additionally provided on the device for storing liquid.
4. power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the air-conditioning duct is The liquid cooling plate being installed in the power battery pack.
5. power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the circulation line is logical The air-conditioning duct for crossing heat exchanger and electric car connects.
6. power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the number of the injection valve It measures equal with the quantity of the battery module and corresponds, each injection valve is respectively facing corresponding battery module setting.
7. power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that on the circulation line It is also equipped with circulating electromagnetic valve.
8. power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that multiple battery moulds Block is arranged in arrays in the cabinet, and the serpentine-like line of circulation line is laid with.
CN201910653412.8A 2019-07-19 2019-07-19 A kind of power battery thermal runaway automatic safety device Pending CN110380155A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111430840A (en) * 2020-03-31 2020-07-17 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 Control method and control system for delaying thermal diffusion of power battery pack
CN112490578A (en) * 2020-11-11 2021-03-12 华南理工大学 Power battery module
CN113437398A (en) * 2021-06-22 2021-09-24 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 Battery thermal runaway processing method and device, vehicle and medium
CN113437389A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-09-24 西安电子科技大学芜湖研究院 Battery liquid cooling system with deformation detection and fire extinguishing functions
CN113540612A (en) * 2021-05-28 2021-10-22 清华大学 Battery pack, phase change material layer quality determination method, device, equipment and medium
CN113594581A (en) * 2021-08-03 2021-11-02 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 Battery pack and electric automobile
CN113904011A (en) * 2021-11-22 2022-01-07 江苏科技大学 Power battery explosion-proof device with temperature control system and fire extinguishing device
CN114069097A (en) * 2021-11-15 2022-02-18 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Thermal runaway processing system and thermal runaway processing method

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CN106816668A (en) * 2017-03-22 2017-06-09 北京航盛新能科技有限公司 A kind of electrokinetic cell thermal runaway cooling fire extinguishing liquid cooling apparatus, monitoring system and method
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CN109244594A (en) * 2018-10-17 2019-01-18 浙江大学 A kind of power battery thermal management system and power battery thermal management method
CN208908248U (en) * 2018-10-17 2019-05-28 浙江大学 A kind of thermal runaway processing system of power battery
CN210074096U (en) * 2019-07-19 2020-02-14 德萨智能科技(武汉)有限公司 Power battery thermal runaway automatic protection device

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JP2016018638A (en) * 2014-07-07 2016-02-01 三菱自動車工業株式会社 Temperature control device of battery
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111430840A (en) * 2020-03-31 2020-07-17 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 Control method and control system for delaying thermal diffusion of power battery pack
CN112490578A (en) * 2020-11-11 2021-03-12 华南理工大学 Power battery module
CN113540612A (en) * 2021-05-28 2021-10-22 清华大学 Battery pack, phase change material layer quality determination method, device, equipment and medium
CN113540612B (en) * 2021-05-28 2022-05-10 清华大学 Battery pack, phase change material layer quality determination method, device, equipment and medium
CN113437398A (en) * 2021-06-22 2021-09-24 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 Battery thermal runaway processing method and device, vehicle and medium
CN113437389A (en) * 2021-06-23 2021-09-24 西安电子科技大学芜湖研究院 Battery liquid cooling system with deformation detection and fire extinguishing functions
CN113594581A (en) * 2021-08-03 2021-11-02 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 Battery pack and electric automobile
CN114069097A (en) * 2021-11-15 2022-02-18 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 Thermal runaway processing system and thermal runaway processing method
CN113904011A (en) * 2021-11-22 2022-01-07 江苏科技大学 Power battery explosion-proof device with temperature control system and fire extinguishing device

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