CN108682919A - A kind of system and method for the Li-ion batteries piles heat management based on phase-change microcapsule suspension - Google Patents
A kind of system and method for the Li-ion batteries piles heat management based on phase-change microcapsule suspension Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6552—Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于相变微胶囊悬浮液的锂离子电池组热管理的系统和方法。该系统包括箱体和设置于箱体内并排竖直放置的方型锂离子电池单体组成的锂离子电池组，锂离子电池组一侧设有液体入口管，另一侧设有液体出口管，箱体内还设置有微通道金属板，微通道金属板和锂离子电池单体间隔竖直排列，锂离子电池组内设置有温度传感器，箱体外部设置有控制器、水泵、加热器、散热器和制冷器。本发明利用了相变微胶囊悬浮液相变潜热大、微胶囊相变过程温度恒定、悬浮液在水泵的作用下可以对流换热的特点，将相变微胶囊悬浮液用于电池热管理，主、被动热管理相结合，兼具加热和冷却功能，实现了对锂离子电池组内温度的精确控制。
The invention discloses a system and method for heat management of a lithium-ion battery pack based on a phase-change microcapsule suspension. The system includes a lithium-ion battery pack composed of a box body and square lithium-ion battery cells placed side by side and vertically arranged in the box body. One side of the lithium-ion battery pack is provided with a liquid inlet pipe, and the other side is provided with a liquid outlet pipe. There is also a micro-channel metal plate in the box, and the micro-channel metal plate and the lithium-ion battery cells are vertically arranged at intervals. The lithium-ion battery pack is equipped with a temperature sensor, and the outside of the box is equipped with a controller, a water pump, a heater, and a radiator. and refrigerator. The invention utilizes the characteristics of large phase change latent heat of the phase change microcapsule suspension, constant temperature of the microcapsule phase change process, and convective heat exchange of the suspension under the action of a water pump, and uses the phase change microcapsule suspension for battery thermal management, The combination of active and passive thermal management, with both heating and cooling functions, realizes the precise control of the temperature in the lithium-ion battery pack.
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本发明涉及锂离子电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种基于相变微胶囊悬浮液的锂离子电池组热管理的系统和方法。The invention relates to the technical field of lithium-ion batteries, in particular to a system and method for thermal management of lithium-ion battery packs based on phase-change microcapsule suspension.
背景技术：Background technique:
锂离子电池作为电动汽车的重要组成部分，对工作环境要求较高。研究结果显示，温度对锂离子电池的充放电性能和使用寿命有重要影响。环境温度低于0℃时，锂离子电池内部发生电化学反应时内阻过大，放电功率较低且无法正常充电；方型锂离子电池在低倍率充放电时产热量较少、各部分产热量较为均衡，高倍率快速充放电时，产热量迅速增大，且不同区域差异明显，靠近电池极耳的区域产热率更大；受电池材料限制方型电池导热率很低，极耳附近、电池中间等区域温度较高，如不能对电池各区域及时有效的冷却，会严重影响电池寿命，甚至引起热失控等安全问题。因此，为确保锂离子电池组正常工作、延长电池循环寿命，需采用电池组热管理系统将温度控制在25～40℃之内、模组间温差小于5℃。As an important part of electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries have high requirements on the working environment. The results of the study show that temperature has an important impact on the charge-discharge performance and service life of lithium-ion batteries. When the ambient temperature is lower than 0°C, the internal resistance of the lithium-ion battery is too large when the electrochemical reaction occurs inside the lithium-ion battery, the discharge power is low and it cannot be charged normally; The heat is relatively balanced. When charging and discharging quickly at a high rate, the heat production increases rapidly, and the difference between different regions is obvious. The heat production rate is higher in the area close to the battery tab. The temperature in the middle of the battery and other areas is relatively high. If the various areas of the battery cannot be cooled in a timely and effective manner, it will seriously affect the life of the battery and even cause safety issues such as thermal runaway. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal operation of the lithium-ion battery pack and prolong the battery cycle life, it is necessary to use the battery pack thermal management system to control the temperature within 25-40°C, and the temperature difference between the modules is less than 5°C.
目前，电动汽车用锂离子电池组的热管理主要采用空气冷却和液体冷却。其中，空气冷却法是指以低温空气为介质降低电池温度的一种散热方式，利用自然风或者风机，配合汽车自带的散热器为电池降温，在电动汽车电池热管理系统中应用最为广泛。空气冷却系统结构简单、便于维护，但在较高的环境温度、持续大负荷等条件下冷却效果较差。液体冷却是指采用液体冷却剂通过对流换热的方式与电池组发生热交换，将电池产生的热量带走以降低电池温度。由于液体介质比热容、导热系数大于空气，对流换热效果明显增加、冷却速度快，对于降低电池组最高温度、提升电池组温度场一致性效果显著，同时热管理系统的体积也相对较小。但该方法需要增加循环水泵，增加了系统的复杂程度。At present, the thermal management of lithium-ion battery packs for electric vehicles mainly uses air cooling and liquid cooling. Among them, the air cooling method refers to a heat dissipation method that uses low-temperature air as the medium to reduce the battery temperature. It uses natural wind or fans to cooperate with the car's own radiator to cool the battery. It is most widely used in the battery thermal management system of electric vehicles. The air cooling system has a simple structure and is easy to maintain, but the cooling effect is poor under conditions such as high ambient temperature and continuous heavy load. Liquid cooling refers to the use of liquid coolant to exchange heat with the battery pack through convective heat exchange, taking away the heat generated by the battery to reduce the battery temperature. Since the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the liquid medium are greater than that of air, the effect of convective heat transfer is significantly increased and the cooling speed is fast. It has a significant effect on reducing the maximum temperature of the battery pack and improving the consistency of the temperature field of the battery pack. At the same time, the volume of the thermal management system is relatively small. However, this method needs to increase the circulating water pump, which increases the complexity of the system.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明的目的是提供一种基于相变微胶囊悬浮液的锂离子电池组热管理的系统和方法，利用了相变微胶囊悬浮液相变潜热大、微胶囊相变过程温度恒定、相变微胶囊悬浮液在水泵的作用下可以对流换热的特点，将相变微胶囊悬浮液应用于电池热管理，主、被动热管理相结合，兼具加热和冷却功能，适用于不同环境温度和使用工况，通过灵活的热管理方式最大限度的将电池温度控制在最佳范围之内、减小单体电池的最大温差，能够有效提高电池安全性、延长电池使用寿命，同时减小了能耗。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and method for thermal management of lithium-ion battery packs based on phase-change microcapsule suspension, which utilizes the large latent heat of phase-change of phase-change microcapsule suspension, the constant temperature of the microcapsule phase change process, and the The microcapsule suspension has the characteristics of convective heat exchange under the action of the water pump. The phase change microcapsule suspension is applied to battery thermal management. The combination of active and passive thermal management has both heating and cooling functions. It is suitable for different ambient temperatures and Under the operating conditions, the battery temperature can be controlled within the optimal range to the greatest extent and the maximum temperature difference of the single battery can be reduced through the flexible thermal management method, which can effectively improve the safety of the battery, prolong the service life of the battery, and reduce the energy consumption at the same time. consumption.
本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现的：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
本发明的一个目的是提供一种基于相变微胶囊悬浮液的锂离子电池组热管理的系统，包括箱体和设置于箱体内若干个并排竖直放置的方型锂离子电池单体组成的锂离子电池组，所述的锂离子电池组一侧设有液体入口管，另一侧设有液体出口管，所述的箱体内还设置有微通道金属板，所述的微通道金属板和锂离子电池单体间隔竖直排列，相变微胶囊悬浮液通过液体入口管进入微通道金属板对锂离子电池单体进行冷却或加热，再由液体出口管流出，所述的锂离子电池组内设置有温度传感器，所述的箱体外部设置有控制器、水泵、加热器、散热器和制冷器，所述的控制器、加热器、水泵和箱体形成闭合的电池低温加热环路，所述的控制器、散热器、水泵和箱体形成闭合的电池常温冷却环路，所述的控制器、冷却器、水泵和箱体形成闭合的电池高温冷却环路，所述的控制器还连接温度传感器，接受温度传感器传来的信号。An object of the present invention is to provide a system for thermal management of lithium-ion battery packs based on phase-change microcapsule suspension, which includes a box body and a plurality of square lithium-ion battery cells arranged side by side and vertically placed in the box body. A lithium-ion battery pack, one side of the lithium-ion battery pack is provided with a liquid inlet pipe, and the other side is provided with a liquid outlet pipe, and a micro-channel metal plate is also provided in the box, and the micro-channel metal plate and the The lithium-ion battery cells are arranged vertically at intervals, and the phase-change microcapsule suspension enters the micro-channel metal plate through the liquid inlet pipe to cool or heat the lithium-ion battery cells, and then flows out through the liquid outlet pipe. The lithium-ion battery pack A temperature sensor is arranged inside, and a controller, a water pump, a heater, a radiator and a refrigerator are arranged outside the box, and the controller, the heater, the water pump and the box form a closed battery low-temperature heating loop, The controller, radiator, water pump and box form a closed battery normal temperature cooling loop, the controller, cooler, water pump and box form a closed battery high temperature cooling loop, and the controller also Connect the temperature sensor and accept the signal from the temperature sensor.
相变微胶囊悬浮液是一种特殊的功能流体，由相变微胶囊和载流体均匀混合而成。相变微胶囊内封存着相变材料，通过相变潜热吸收、释放大量的热，同时保证温度的恒定。相变微胶囊悬浮液具有很好的流动特性，在水泵的驱动下可以像水一样流动。基于相变微胶囊悬浮液的电池热管理系统，将相变微胶囊的相变潜热和载流体的流动特性结合在一起，在热管理过程中等效比热容较大，温度变化较小，扩大了流体与锂离子电池间的换热温差，有利于提高对流换热效果。同时，相变微胶囊悬浮液在静止状态下通过自然对流吸收大量的热，结合电动汽车自带的加热器、散热器、制冷器，为灵活多变的热管理模式提供了可能，有利于降低热管理系统的能耗。Phase change microcapsule suspension is a special functional fluid, which is uniformly mixed with phase change microcapsules and carrier fluid. The phase change material is sealed in the phase change microcapsule, which absorbs and releases a large amount of heat through the latent heat of phase change, while keeping the temperature constant. The phase-change microcapsule suspension has good flow characteristics and can flow like water under the drive of a water pump. The battery thermal management system based on the phase change microcapsule suspension combines the phase change latent heat of the phase change microcapsules and the flow characteristics of the carrier fluid. The heat exchange temperature difference with the lithium-ion battery is conducive to improving the effect of convective heat exchange. At the same time, the phase-change microcapsule suspension absorbs a large amount of heat through natural convection in a static state. Combined with the heater, radiator, and refrigerator that come with the electric vehicle, it provides the possibility for a flexible and changeable thermal management mode, which is beneficial to reduce Energy consumption of the thermal management system.
优选地，所述的微通道金属板上设置有用于相变微胶囊悬浮液流动的微通道，微通道包括若干条均匀分布的竖直通道、上水平通道和下水平通道，其中微通道的入口位于上水平通道一端、微通道金属板左上方，微通道的出口位于下水平通道一端、微通道金属板右下方；所述的微通道金属板的微通道总面积占微通道金属板面积的70％；所述的微通道金属板壁厚0.5mm，微通道截面为矩形，厚度为3.5mm。Preferably, the microchannel metal plate is provided with a microchannel for the phase change microcapsule suspension to flow, and the microchannel includes several evenly distributed vertical channels, upper horizontal channels and lower horizontal channels, wherein the entrance of the microchannel Located at one end of the upper horizontal passage, the top left of the microchannel metal plate, the outlet of the microchannel is located at one end of the lower horizontal passage, the bottom right of the microchannel metal plate; the microchannel total area of the microchannel metal plate accounts for 70% of the area of the microchannel metal plate %; The wall thickness of the microchannel metal plate is 0.5mm, the cross section of the microchannel is rectangular, and the thickness is 3.5mm.
优选地，所述的微通道金属板、液体入口管和液体出口管的材料均为铝。微通道金属板的材料为铝，在热管理过程中加强了导热作用，减小了电池的局部温差。Preferably, the materials of the microchannel metal plate, the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe are all aluminum. The material of the micro-channel metal plate is aluminum, which enhances the heat conduction in the heat management process and reduces the local temperature difference of the battery.
优选地，所述的液体入口管的管截面为扁平状，所述的液体出口管的管截面为扁平状。Preferably, the pipe section of the liquid inlet pipe is flat, and the pipe section of the liquid outlet pipe is flat.
优选地，所述的相变微胶囊悬浮液由质量分数为80％的水和质量分数为20％的相变微胶囊组成，所述的相变微胶囊的平均粒径为0.1～1000μm。相变微胶囊温度在35℃左右。Preferably, the phase-change microcapsule suspension is composed of water with a mass fraction of 80% and phase-change microcapsules with a mass fraction of 20%, and the average particle diameter of the phase-change microcapsules is 0.1-1000 μm. The temperature of phase change microcapsules is about 35°C.
优选地，所述的相变微胶囊的囊壁材料为密胺树脂或脲醛树脂，所述相变微胶囊内的相变材料为石蜡或石蜡烃。Preferably, the wall material of the phase-change microcapsules is melamine resin or urea-formaldehyde resin, and the phase-change material in the phase-change microcapsules is paraffin or paraffin hydrocarbon.
优选地，所述的锂离子电池单体设有正极极耳和负极极耳，所述的液体入口管设置于锂离子电池单体的正极极耳外侧，所述的液体出口管设置于锂离子电池单体负极极耳外侧的下方，所述的温度传感器靠近正极极耳或负极极耳处设置。由于正极极耳或负极极耳处的温度最高，温度传感器要靠近正极极耳或负极极耳处设置，便于及时检测到锂离子电池的温度，保证锂离子电池在正常的温度范围内工作。Preferably, the lithium ion battery cell is provided with a positive electrode tab and a negative electrode tab, the liquid inlet pipe is arranged outside the positive electrode ear of the lithium ion battery cell, and the liquid outlet pipe is arranged on the lithium ion battery cell. Below the outer side of the negative tab of the battery cell, the temperature sensor is set close to the positive tab or the negative tab. Since the temperature at the positive or negative tab is the highest, the temperature sensor should be set close to the positive or negative tab to detect the temperature of the lithium-ion battery in time and ensure that the lithium-ion battery works within a normal temperature range.
本发明的另一个目的是提供基于相变微胶囊悬浮液的锂离子电池组热管理的方法，利用上述系统，包括以下步骤：Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for thermal management of lithium-ion battery packs based on phase-change microcapsule suspension, utilizing the above-mentioned system, comprising the following steps:
(1)寒冷条件下，温度传感器监测到锂离子电池组内温度低于10℃，控制器启动水泵和加热器，开通电池低温加热环路，相变微胶囊悬浮液经加热器升温后在水泵的驱动下进入箱体，流经液体入口管、微通道金属板和液体出口管，通过对流换热的方式对锂离子电池组进行加热，将锂离子电池组温度控制在25℃以上，将锂离子电池组温度维持在最佳范围25℃～40℃之内；(1) Under cold conditions, the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the lithium-ion battery pack is lower than 10°C, the controller starts the water pump and the heater, and opens the battery low-temperature heating loop. It enters the box under the drive of the liquid, flows through the liquid inlet pipe, the microchannel metal plate and the liquid outlet pipe, and heats the lithium-ion battery pack by means of convective heat exchange. The temperature of the lithium-ion battery pack is controlled above 25°C, and the lithium-ion battery The temperature of the ion battery pack is maintained within the optimum range of 25°C to 40°C;
(2)常温条件下，当锂离子电池组小倍率充放电时，锂离子电池单体各部分发热量均匀、产热量小，相变微胶囊悬浮液呈静止状态，锂离子电池组内锂离子电池单体间的微通道金属板里，相变微胶囊悬浮液通过热传导吸收电池产生的热量，相变微胶囊悬浮液中的相变微胶囊依靠其相变潜热降低了锂离子电池组最高温度、减小了锂离子电池组各部分的温差；(2) Under normal temperature conditions, when the lithium-ion battery pack is charged and discharged at a small rate, the heat generated by each part of the lithium-ion battery cell is uniform, the heat production is small, the phase change microcapsule suspension is in a static state, and the lithium ion in the lithium-ion battery pack In the microchannel metal plate between the battery cells, the phase change microcapsule suspension absorbs the heat generated by the battery through heat conduction, and the phase change microcapsules in the phase change microcapsule suspension reduce the maximum temperature of the lithium-ion battery pack by virtue of its phase change latent heat , Reduce the temperature difference of each part of the lithium-ion battery pack;
(3)常温条件下，当锂离子电池组大倍率充放电时，锂离子电池单体各部分发热量差异较大，靠近锂离子电池单体的正极极耳或负极极耳处发热量大温度最高，当正极极耳或负极极耳附近的温度传感器监测到温度高于40℃时，控制器启动水泵和散热器，开通电池常温冷却环路，相变微胶囊悬浮液在水泵的驱动下进入锂离子电池组，流经液体入口管、微通道金属板和液体出口管，通过对流换热的方式对锂离子电池组进行降温，同时减小锂离子电池单体和锂离子电池组的温差，将锂离子电池组温度维持在最佳范围25℃～40℃之内；(3) Under normal temperature conditions, when the lithium-ion battery pack is charged and discharged at a high rate, the calorific value of each part of the lithium-ion battery cell varies greatly, and the heat generated at the positive or negative tab of the lithium-ion battery cell is large. Highest, when the temperature sensor near the positive tab or the negative tab detects that the temperature is higher than 40°C, the controller starts the water pump and the radiator, opens the battery cooling loop at normal temperature, and the phase-change microcapsule suspension enters under the drive of the water pump. The lithium-ion battery pack flows through the liquid inlet pipe, the micro-channel metal plate and the liquid outlet pipe to cool down the lithium-ion battery pack through convective heat exchange, and at the same time reduce the temperature difference between the lithium-ion battery cell and the lithium-ion battery pack. Maintain the temperature of the lithium-ion battery pack within the optimal range of 25°C to 40°C;
(4)高温情况下，当锂离子电池组内的温度传感器监测到锂离子电池组温度高于40℃时，控制器启动水泵和制冷器，开通电池高温冷却环路，相变微胶囊悬浮液经制冷器降温后在水泵的驱动下进入锂离子电池组，流经液体入口管、微通道金属板和液体出口管，通过对流换热的方式对锂离子电池组进行降温，同时减小锂离子电池单体和锂离子电池组的温差，将锂离子电池组温度维持在最佳范围25℃～40℃之内。(4) In the case of high temperature, when the temperature sensor in the lithium-ion battery pack detects that the temperature of the lithium-ion battery pack is higher than 40°C, the controller starts the water pump and the refrigerator, opens the high-temperature cooling loop of the battery, and phase-changes the microcapsule suspension After being cooled by the refrigerator, it enters the lithium-ion battery pack driven by the water pump, flows through the liquid inlet pipe, the micro-channel metal plate and the liquid outlet pipe, and cools the lithium-ion battery pack by means of convective heat exchange, while reducing the lithium-ion The temperature difference between the battery cell and the lithium-ion battery pack maintains the temperature of the lithium-ion battery pack within the optimum range of 25°C to 40°C.
本发明的有益效果如下：本发明利用了相变微胶囊悬浮液相变潜热大、微胶囊相变过程温度恒定、悬浮液在水泵的作用下可以对流换热的特点，将相变微胶囊悬浮液用于电池热管理，主、被动热管理相结合，兼具加热和冷却功能，适用于不同环境温度和使用工况，实现了对方型锂离子电池组内温度的精确控制；低温条件下配合水泵、加热器的使用对电池有效加热，使锂离子电池组工作在适宜的温度下，保证锂离子电池组正常工作；常温低负荷条件下仅依靠热传导和相变微胶囊的相变潜热对电池进行冷却；常温高负荷条件下配合水泵、散热器的使用，通过对流换热加强电池的散热，高温条件下配合水泵、制冷器的使用，采用强制对流的方式对电池进行降温，同时吸收充放电过程中产生的热量，最大限度的降低电池的温度；本发明在相变微胶囊悬浮液应用的基础上，通过灵活的热管理方式最大限度的将电池温度控制在最佳范围之内、减小单体电池的最大温差，能够有效提高电池安全性、延长电池使用寿命，同时减小了能耗。The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention utilizes the characteristics of large phase change latent heat of phase change microcapsule suspension, constant temperature of microcapsule phase change process, and convective heat transfer of suspension under the action of a water pump to suspend phase change microcapsules The liquid is used for battery thermal management, the combination of active and passive thermal management, with both heating and cooling functions, suitable for different ambient temperatures and operating conditions, and realizes precise control of the temperature in the square-shaped lithium-ion battery pack; under low temperature conditions The use of water pumps and heaters can effectively heat the battery, so that the lithium-ion battery pack can work at a suitable temperature to ensure the normal operation of the lithium-ion battery pack; under normal temperature and low load conditions, only heat conduction and phase change latent heat of phase change microcapsules can affect the battery life. Cooling; under normal temperature and high load conditions, with the use of water pumps and radiators, the heat dissipation of the battery is enhanced through convective heat exchange; under high temperature conditions, with the use of water pumps and refrigerators, the battery is cooled by forced convection, while absorbing charge and discharge The heat generated in the process can reduce the temperature of the battery to the greatest extent; on the basis of the application of the phase change microcapsule suspension, the present invention can control the temperature of the battery within the optimal range to the greatest extent and reduce the The maximum temperature difference of a single battery can effectively improve battery safety, extend battery life, and reduce energy consumption.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1是本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2为图1中的锂离子电池组结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the lithium-ion battery pack in Fig. 1;
图3为图2中微通道金属板纵截面；Fig. 3 is the longitudinal section of the microchannel metal plate in Fig. 2;
图4为本发明的控制原理示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the control principle of the present invention;
附图标记说明：1、控制器，2、温度传感器，3、水泵，4、加热器，5、散热器，6、制冷器，7、箱体，8、锂离子电池单体，9、锂离子电池组，10、微通道金属板，11、液体入口管，12、液体出口管，13、微通道入口，14、微通道出口，15、竖直微通道，16、上(下)水平微通道，17、相变微胶囊悬浮液。Description of reference signs: 1. Controller, 2. Temperature sensor, 3. Water pump, 4. Heater, 5. Radiator, 6. Refrigerator, 7. Cabinet, 8. Lithium-ion battery unit, 9. Lithium-ion battery Ion battery pack, 10, microchannel metal plate, 11, liquid inlet pipe, 12, liquid outlet pipe, 13, microchannel inlet, 14, microchannel outlet, 15, vertical microchannel, 16, upper (lower) horizontal microchannel Channel, 17, phase change microcapsule suspension.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
以下是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。The following is a further description of the present invention, rather than a limitation of the present invention.
除特别说明，本发明中提到的设备和材料均为市售。Unless otherwise specified, the equipment and materials mentioned in the present invention are commercially available.
实施例：Example:
如图1-4所示，一种基于相变微胶囊悬浮液的锂离子电池组热管理系统，该系统包括箱体7、设置于箱体7内多个并排竖直放置的方型锂离子电池单体8组成的锂离子电池组9、相变微胶囊悬浮液17、液体入口管11、液体出口管12、微通道金属板10和温度传感器2，设置于箱体7外部的控制器1、水泵3、加热器4、散热器5和制冷器6，锂离子电池单体8设置有正极极耳和负极极耳，锂离子电池组9一侧、靠近锂离子电池单体正极极耳处设有扁平状的液体入口管11，锂离子电池组9另一侧的下方设有扁平状的液体出口管12，微通道金属板10和方型锂离子电池单体8相互间隔竖直排列，锂离子电池组9内设置有温度传感器3，加热器4、散热器5和制冷器6并联，加热器4与水泵3、液体入口管11、箱体7、液体出口管12和控制器1串联组成一条闭合的电池低温加热环路，散热器5与水泵3、液体入口管11、箱体7、液体出口管12和控制器1串联组成一条闭合的电池常温冷却环路，制冷器6与水泵3、液体入口管11、箱体7、液体出口管12和控制器1串联组成一条闭合的电池高温冷却环路，控制器1连接温度传感器2，接受温度传感器2传来的信号，决定运行电池低温加热环路、电池常温冷却环路或电池高温冷却环路，从而控制锂离子电池热管理系统的运行，保证锂离子电池的正常工作。As shown in Figures 1-4, a lithium-ion battery pack thermal management system based on phase-change microcapsule suspensions, the system includes a box 7, a plurality of square lithium-ion batteries placed side by side and vertically arranged in the box 7 A lithium-ion battery pack 9 composed of battery cells 8, a phase-change microcapsule suspension 17, a liquid inlet pipe 11, a liquid outlet pipe 12, a microchannel metal plate 10, and a temperature sensor 2, and a controller 1 arranged outside the box body 7 , a water pump 3, a heater 4, a radiator 5 and a refrigerator 6, the lithium-ion battery cell 8 is provided with a positive pole tab and a negative pole tab, and one side of the lithium-ion battery pack 9 is near the positive pole tab of the lithium-ion battery cell A flat liquid inlet pipe 11 is provided, and a flat liquid outlet pipe 12 is provided under the other side of the lithium-ion battery pack 9. The micro-channel metal plate 10 and the square lithium-ion battery cells 8 are vertically arranged at intervals. Lithium-ion battery pack 9 is provided with temperature sensor 3, heater 4, radiator 5 and refrigerator 6 are connected in parallel, heater 4 is connected in series with water pump 3, liquid inlet pipe 11, box body 7, liquid outlet pipe 12 and controller 1 A closed battery low-temperature heating loop is formed. The radiator 5 is connected in series with the water pump 3, the liquid inlet pipe 11, the tank 7, the liquid outlet pipe 12 and the controller 1 to form a closed battery normal temperature cooling loop. The refrigerator 6 and the water pump 3. The liquid inlet pipe 11, the tank 7, the liquid outlet pipe 12 and the controller 1 are connected in series to form a closed battery high-temperature cooling loop. The controller 1 is connected to the temperature sensor 2 and receives the signal from the temperature sensor 2 to determine the operation of the battery. Low-temperature heating loop, battery normal-temperature cooling loop or battery high-temperature cooling loop, so as to control the operation of the lithium-ion battery thermal management system and ensure the normal operation of the lithium-ion battery.
液体入口管11和微通道金属板10的微通道入口13相连，液体出口管12和微通道金属板10的微通道出口14相连，相变微胶囊悬浮液由液体入口管11进入，均匀分散流入相邻锂离子电池单体8之间的微通道金属板10，再由微通道均匀分布在微通道金属板10内对锂离子电池8进行冷却或加热，相变微胶囊悬浮液17最后由微通道出口14汇集在液体出口管12，流出电池热管理系统。The liquid inlet pipe 11 is connected to the microchannel inlet 13 of the microchannel metal plate 10, the liquid outlet pipe 12 is connected to the microchannel outlet 14 of the microchannel metal plate 10, and the phase-change microcapsule suspension enters through the liquid inlet pipe 11, and is evenly dispersed and flows into The micro-channel metal plate 10 between the adjacent lithium-ion battery cells 8 is evenly distributed in the micro-channel metal plate 10 by the micro-channel to cool or heat the lithium-ion battery 8, and the phase-change microcapsule suspension 17 is finally formed by the micro-channel. The channel outlets 14 are collected in the liquid outlet pipe 12 and flow out of the battery thermal management system.
微通道金属板10上有用于相变微胶囊悬浮17液流动的微通道，微通道包括若干条均匀分布的竖直通道15和上(下)水平通道16，其中微通道入口13位于上水平通道16一端、微通道金属板10左上方，微通道出口14位于下水平通道16一端、微通道金属板10右下方；微通道金属板10的微通道总面积占微通道金属板10面积的70％；微通道金属板10壁厚0.5mm，微通道截面为矩形，厚度为3.5mm。On the microchannel metal plate 10, there are microchannels for phase-change microcapsule suspension 17 liquid flow, and the microchannels include several evenly distributed vertical channels 15 and upper (lower) horizontal channels 16, wherein the microchannel inlet 13 is positioned at the upper horizontal channel 16 one end, microchannel metal plate 10 top left, microchannel outlet 14 is positioned at lower horizontal channel 16 one ends, microchannel metal plate 10 bottom right; The total microchannel area of microchannel metal plate 10 accounts for 70% of microchannel metal plate 10 areas ; The wall thickness of the microchannel metal plate 10 is 0.5mm, the cross section of the microchannel is rectangular, and the thickness is 3.5mm.
相变微胶囊悬浮液17由质量分数80％的水和质量分数为20％的相变微胶囊组成，所述的相变微胶囊的平均粒径为0.1～1000μm，相变微胶囊温度在35℃左右。相变微胶囊的囊壁材料为密胺树脂或脲醛树脂，相变微胶囊内的相变材料为石蜡或石蜡烃。The phase-change microcapsule suspension 17 is composed of water with a mass fraction of 80% and phase-change microcapsules with a mass fraction of 20%. ℃ or so. The wall material of the phase-change microcapsule is melamine resin or urea-formaldehyde resin, and the phase-change material in the phase-change microcapsule is paraffin or paraffin hydrocarbon.
利用上述装置，基于相变微胶囊悬浮液的锂离子电池组热管理的方法，包括以下步骤：Utilize above-mentioned device, the method for thermal management of the lithium-ion battery pack based on phase change microcapsule suspension, comprises the following steps:
在寒冷条件下，温度传感器2监测到锂离子电池组9内温度低于10℃，控制器1启动水泵3和加热器4，开通电池低温加热环路，相变微胶囊悬浮液17经加热器4升温后在水泵3的驱动下进入锂离子电池组9，流经液体入口管11、微通道金属板10、液体出口管12，通过对流换热的方式对锂离子电池组9进行加热，将锂离子电池组9温度控制在25℃以上。Under cold conditions, the temperature sensor 2 detects that the temperature in the lithium-ion battery pack 9 is lower than 10°C, the controller 1 starts the water pump 3 and the heater 4, and opens the battery low-temperature heating loop, and the phase-change microcapsule suspension 17 passes through the heater. 4 After heating up, it enters the lithium-ion battery pack 9 driven by the water pump 3, flows through the liquid inlet pipe 11, the micro-channel metal plate 10, and the liquid outlet pipe 12, and heats the lithium-ion battery pack 9 by means of convective heat exchange. The temperature of the lithium-ion battery pack 9 is controlled above 25°C.
常温条件下，当锂离子电池组9小倍率充放电时，锂离子电池单体8各部分发热量比较均匀、产热量较小，电池热管理系统中相变悬浮液呈静止状态，锂离子电池组9内锂离子电池单体8间的微通道金属板10里，相变悬浮液通过热传导吸收电池产生的热量，相变微胶囊悬浮液17中的相变微胶囊依靠其相变潜热降低了锂离子电池组9最高温度、减小了锂离子电池组9各部分的温差。Under normal temperature conditions, when the lithium-ion battery pack 9 is charged and discharged at a small rate, the heat generated by each part of the lithium-ion battery cell 8 is relatively uniform and the heat production is small, and the phase-change suspension in the battery thermal management system is in a static state. The lithium-ion battery In the microchannel metal plate 10 between the lithium-ion battery cells 8 in the group 9, the phase change suspension absorbs the heat generated by the battery through heat conduction, and the phase change microcapsules in the phase change microcapsule suspension 17 rely on their phase change latent heat to reduce The highest temperature of the lithium-ion battery pack 9 reduces the temperature difference between the various parts of the lithium-ion battery pack 9 .
常温条件下，当锂离子电池组9大倍率充放电时，方型锂离子电池单体8各部分发热量差异较大，靠近极耳处电池发热量大温度最高，当极耳附近的温度传感器2监测到温度高于40℃时，控制器1启动水泵3和散热器5，开通电池常温冷却环路，相变微胶囊悬浮液17在水泵3的驱动下进入锂离子电池组9，流经液体入口管11、微通道金属板10、液体出口管12，通过对流换热的方式对锂离子电池组9进行降温，同时减小锂离子电池单体8和锂离子电池组9的温差，将锂离子电池组温度维持在最佳范围25℃～40℃之内。Under normal temperature conditions, when the lithium-ion battery pack 9 is charged and discharged at a high rate, the calorific value of each part of the square-shaped lithium-ion battery cell 8 varies greatly, and the heat generated by the battery near the tab is the highest. When the temperature sensor near the tab 2 When the monitored temperature is higher than 40°C, the controller 1 starts the water pump 3 and the radiator 5, and opens the battery cooling loop at room temperature. The phase-change microcapsule suspension 17 enters the lithium-ion battery pack 9 driven by the water pump 3 and flows through the The liquid inlet pipe 11, the microchannel metal plate 10, and the liquid outlet pipe 12 cool down the lithium-ion battery pack 9 by means of convective heat exchange, and at the same time reduce the temperature difference between the lithium-ion battery cell 8 and the lithium-ion battery pack 9. The temperature of the lithium-ion battery pack is maintained within the optimum range of 25°C to 40°C.
高温情况下，当锂离子电池组9内的温度传感器2监测到锂离子电池组9温度高于40℃时，控制器1启动水泵3和制冷器6，开通高温冷却环路，相变微胶囊悬浮液17经制冷器6降温后在水泵1的驱动下进入锂离子电池组9，流经液体入口管11、微通道金属板10、液体出口管12，通过对流换热的方式对锂离子电池组9进行降温，同时减小锂离子电池单体8和锂离子电池组9的温差，将锂离子电池组温度维持在最佳范围25℃～40℃之内。In the case of high temperature, when the temperature sensor 2 in the lithium-ion battery pack 9 detects that the temperature of the lithium-ion battery pack 9 is higher than 40°C, the controller 1 starts the water pump 3 and the refrigerator 6, opens the high-temperature cooling loop, and the phase-change microcapsules After being cooled by the refrigerator 6, the suspension 17 enters the lithium-ion battery pack 9 driven by the water pump 1, flows through the liquid inlet pipe 11, the microchannel metal plate 10, and the liquid outlet pipe 12, and heats the lithium-ion battery by means of convective heat exchange. The temperature of the group 9 is lowered, and at the same time, the temperature difference between the lithium-ion battery cells 8 and the lithium-ion battery pack 9 is reduced, and the temperature of the lithium-ion battery pack is maintained within the optimum range of 25° C. to 40° C.
以上对本发明提供的一种基于相变微胶囊悬浮液的锂离子电池热管理的系统和方法进行了详细的介绍，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的技术方案及其核心思想，应当指出，对于本技术领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。The system and method for thermal management of lithium-ion batteries based on phase-change microcapsule suspensions provided by the present invention have been described in detail above. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the technical solutions and core ideas of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
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| CN109935942A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-06-25 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Temperature management system and method for lithium ion battery pack |
| CN112803086A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-14 | 福建爱迪生科技有限公司 | Starting method of electric automobile suitable for cold seasons |
| CN113036262A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 宁波大学 | Balanced heat abstractor of battery module |
| CN113067053A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-02 | 浙江大学 | Phase change submicron capsule emulsion-based battery thermal management system and method thereof |
| CN113471576A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-01 | 合肥工业大学 | Oil-cooled battery thermal management system and control method |
| CN114667639A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2022-06-24 | 考特克斯·特克斯罗恩有限公司及两合公司 | Housing arrangement for a traction battery with a fluid-based cooling function and having an evaporation device with microchannels |
| CN115361837A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-11-18 | 西北工业大学 | Organic Rankine cycle cooling system based on phase change microcapsule suspension |
| CN115621622A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-01-17 | 楚能新能源股份有限公司 | Battery module thermal management device and battery module and cell temperature control method thereof |
| WO2024032256A1 (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-02-15 | 蔚来电池科技(安徽)有限公司 | Battery pack and vehicle comprising same |
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| CN109935942A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-06-25 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Temperature management system and method for lithium ion battery pack |
| CN114667639A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2022-06-24 | 考特克斯·特克斯罗恩有限公司及两合公司 | Housing arrangement for a traction battery with a fluid-based cooling function and having an evaporation device with microchannels |
| CN114667639B (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2024-04-05 | 考特克斯·特克斯罗恩有限公司及两合公司 | Housing arrangement for a traction battery with a fluid-based cooling function |
| CN112803086A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-14 | 福建爱迪生科技有限公司 | Starting method of electric automobile suitable for cold seasons |
| CN113036262A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 宁波大学 | Balanced heat abstractor of battery module |
| CN113067053A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-02 | 浙江大学 | Phase change submicron capsule emulsion-based battery thermal management system and method thereof |
| CN113471576A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-01 | 合肥工业大学 | Oil-cooled battery thermal management system and control method |
| CN115361837A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-11-18 | 西北工业大学 | Organic Rankine cycle cooling system based on phase change microcapsule suspension |
| CN115361837B (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2024-12-13 | 西北工业大学 | Organic Rankine cycle cooling system based on phase change microcapsule suspension |
| WO2024032256A1 (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-02-15 | 蔚来电池科技(安徽)有限公司 | Battery pack and vehicle comprising same |
| CN115621622A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-01-17 | 楚能新能源股份有限公司 | Battery module thermal management device and battery module and cell temperature control method thereof |
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