CN110373904B - 一种合成纤维微观结构缺陷修复方法及高强度合成纤维绳 - Google Patents
一种合成纤维微观结构缺陷修复方法及高强度合成纤维绳 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种合成纤维微观结构缺陷修复方法及高强度合成纤维绳,合成纤维绳微观结构修复方法,具体步骤为:将修复剂通过加压氮气驱动形成气雾,在60℃~80℃的温度条件喷入牵引的合成纤维绳丝中,合成纤维绳丝经牵引速度以0.1~10米/秒,然后经多段升温固化;其特征在于:所述修复剂由碳硼烷聚酯和二氧化铈混合而成,所述修复剂中的二氧化铈重量比为0.1~0.5%。高强度合成纤维绳的绳丝经过前述处理方法处理。其有益在于:能显著改善合成纤维绳的内部微观结构,强度性能大幅提升。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维修复方法及纤维绳,特别是一种合成纤维微观结构缺陷修复方法及高强度合成纤维绳。
背景技术
钢丝绳的抗拉强度极限仅为1670MPa,现有的合成纤维绳的抗拉强度与钢丝绳相当,在吊装及强冲击等环境环境下抗拉强度不足。海洋工程机械用绳处于高盐腐蚀环境中,钢丝绳极易受腐蚀而缩短使用寿命,因而频繁更换。煤矿等环境因灰尘大,矿井摩擦提升用钢丝绳因需润滑油润滑,造成极易沾灰,形成堵塞,增加摩擦组力,破坏其牵引系统,从而减少使用寿命。
钢丝绳且因其质量大,刚性强,使用寿命缩短而需频繁更换,安装十分不便,因而不适于海洋工程机械的易腐蚀和煤矿的多灰尘的工作环境。
PBO纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维和高模量聚乙烯纤维,材料耐酸碱腐蚀、强度高,质量轻,是制成高强度合成纤维绳的理想材料。
专利CN106400549A一种高强度耐磨型组合缆绳,是在绳芯的周围分布四个加强筋来增加复合绳的抗拉强度。CN100373075C增强的电梯合成缆索和制作方法及具有这种缆索的电梯,是在合成纤维中增加第二增强相,所述第二增强相(12)具有高于合成的基物料的弹性模量,由坚硬的合成材料、刚性高于聚酰胺的聚合物、陶瓷、碳、玻璃、钢、钽、特殊的金属合金和/或金属间的相构成,从而提高合成纤维的弹性模量。CN105350334A聚芳醚酮改性环氧树酯体系/碳纤维缆绳的制备方法,是将碳纤维表面粗糙化,提高碳纤维与环氧树酯的结合力,以碳纤维来增加缆绳的强度。
目前我国在上述领域所用绳均为钢丝绳。现有公开专利的钢丝绳的各绳股之间结构不够致密,抗挤压能力较弱,绳内的绳丝易受剪切力破坏。使用钢丝绳时需润滑油,极易沾灰,因而不适用于处于多灰尘的煤矿矿井摩擦提升及传输中使用。
上述专利中,提高绳体强度的方法都是相同的原理,即在绳股中采用强度高的材料,形式如加强筋、增强相等,材料主要为金属材料或高强度的碳纤维等。
合成纤维在生产过程中,可能会存在微观结构缺陷,当绳体通过曵引轮时的弯曲挤压会形成应力,这些微观缺陷会导致应力集中、产生较大的表面张力,从而降低其抗拉强度。
CN105350334A还公开了了一种将碳纤维表面粗糙化,提高碳纤维与环氧树酯的结合力的方法。其目的是使结合的碳纤维之间结构紧密,从而减少绳丝易受剪切力的破坏。但不能从根本上解决碳纤维微观结构缺陷对强度的影响。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种新型高强度合成纤维绳,其抗拉强度≧3200MPa,适用于吊装及其它强冲击的工作环境。同时因其抗拉强度高、耐腐蚀、无油润滑,因而可有效延长绳的使用寿命,大幅减少更换频率,节省安装成本。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种合成纤维微观结构缺陷修复方法,将修复剂通过加压氮气驱动形成气雾,60℃~80℃的温度条件喷入牵引的合成纤维绳丝中,合成纤维绳丝经牵引速度以0.1~10米/秒,然后经多段升温固化;所述修复剂由碳硼烷聚酯和二氧化铈(CeO2)混合而成,所述修复剂中的二氧化铈的重量比为0.1~0.5%。
按上述方案,所述合成纤维为PBO纤维、芳纶纤维或碳纤维中的一种或几种的混纺。
按上述方案,所述多段升温固化具体为:一段温度为80℃~100℃,二段为100℃~120℃,三段为120℃~160℃。
合成纤维在生产过程中可能存在微观结构缺陷,这些微观缺陷会导致应力集中、产生较大的表面张力,从而影响其抗拉强度,通过修复剂处理合成纤维的微观结构缺陷,降低合成纤维材料的表面张力、减少应力集中,从而大幅提高合成纤维绳的抗拉强度,抗拉强度≧3200MPa。CeO2中晶格氧的移动,可以与合成纤维丝中分子结构的缺陷进行键合,在碳硼烷聚酯存在的情况下,修复由于纤维丝微观结构缺陷引起的强度损失。CeO2的加入使得合成纤维绳的强度得以保证。
一种新型高强度合成纤维绳,包括绳股及包覆在绳股外围的包覆体,所述绳股的材质为PBO纤维、芳纶纤维或碳纤维中的一种或几种捻制制成,所述绳股材质的纤维丝的经过上述微观结构缺陷修复方法修复处理。
PBO纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维等纤维绳丝经修复微观结构缺陷后混合整形捻制制成的纤维绳不仅强度高,且耐酸碱腐蚀、无需润滑油润滑。
所述绳股包括,中心绳股,所述中心绳股外围设置有由多根第一绳股组成第一绳股层,第一绳股层外围设置有由多根第二绳股和第三绳股组成的第二绳股层,第二绳股层外围设置有由多根第四绳股组成的外围绳股层,所述第三绳股与第四绳股交错布置,每一绳股层的各绳股轴线均与中心绳股呈螺旋线状布置,所述第一绳股、第二绳股、第三绳股和第四绳股的直径不相同,相邻绳股之间相切接触。
绳股间相切接触的目的是,使绳体在通过曵引轮时的弯曲挤压时所形成应力能够及时传递,避免应力集中,从而减弱对绳股绳丝的破坏。
按上述方案,所述包覆体材质为改性后的聚氨酯。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1、合成纤维绳的绳丝通过修复剂处理合成纤维的微观结构缺陷,大幅提高合成纤维绳的抗拉强度,抗拉强度≧3200MPa,是钢丝绳的最高极限抗拉强度的2倍以上,更适用于吊装及其它强冲击力的工作环境;
2、特别适用于处于多灰尘的煤矿矿井摩擦提升及传输中使用,可适用于恶劣的环境中;
3、合成纤维绳的绳股材质为PBO纤维、芳纶纤维中的一种或几种,其重量是钢丝比重的1/4左右,拉伸应力是钢丝的3倍左右;
4、本专利的合成纤维绳的耐酸碱腐蚀性远强于钢丝绳,使用寿命是钢丝绳的2倍以上,减少更换频率,节省安装成本;
5、合成纤维绳的绳股结构致密,各绳股均与周围其他绳股线接触,抗挤压能力强,确保绳内部不产生自转力,杜绝绳内的绳丝受剪切力破坏的现象,延长了绳的使用寿命;
6、合成纤维绳的包覆体材质为改性聚氨酯,无需润滑油润滑,在煤矿等多尘的环境中,用于传送装置不易沾灰,减少堵塞、降低摩擦力,延长使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是本发明及牵引绳的维绳横截面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。
图1示出了本发明的具体结构,结合视图对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
一种新型高强度合成纤维绳,包括绳股及包覆在绳股外围的包覆体6。所述绳股包括中心绳股1,所述中心绳股外围设置有由六根第一绳股2组成第一绳股层,第一绳股2均与中心绳股1相切,且相邻第一绳股2之间相切接触,第一绳股层外围设置有由六根第二绳股3和六根第三绳股4组成的第二绳股层,所述第二绳股3与第三绳股4交错布置,且相邻的第二绳股3和第三绳股4相切接触,第二绳股3和第三绳股4均与第一绳股2相切,第二绳股3与第三绳股4直径不同,第二绳股层外围设置有由十二根第三绳股5组成的外围绳股层,所述第四绳股5均同时与第三绳股4和第二绳股3相切接触,相邻第四绳股5之间相切接触。
所述绳股所用材料为芳纶纤维和PBO纤维,所述包覆体材质为改性后的聚氨酯。所述绳股的纤维丝通过修复剂处理,修复纤维丝的微观缺陷后干燥固化,再整形捻制制成绳股。
所述修复方法为:修复剂通过加压氮气驱动形成气雾,在60℃~80℃的温度条件下以气雾形式喷入牵引的合成纤维绳丝中,合成纤维丝的牵引速度为1.0米/秒,然后继续牵引经多段升温固化。所述多段升温固化具体为:一段温度为80℃~100℃,二段为100℃~120℃,三段为120℃~160℃。
所述修复剂为碳硼烷聚酯和CeO2的混合物,其中CeO2的重量比为0.1%。
制成的纤维绳抗拉强度为3680MPa以上。
实施例2
与实施例1不同的是,所述绳股所用材料为碳纤维、芳纶纤维和PBO纤维混合而成。所述绳股的纤维丝通过修复剂处理,修复纤维丝的微观缺陷后干燥固化,再整形捻制制成绳股。
所述修复方法为:修复剂通过加压氮气驱动形成气雾,在60℃~80℃的温度条件下以气雾形式喷入牵引的合成纤维绳丝中,合成纤维丝的牵引速度为10米/秒,然后继续牵引经多段升温固化。所述多段升温固化具体为:一段温度为80℃~100℃,二段为100℃~120℃,三段为120℃~160℃。
所述修复剂为碳硼烷聚酯和CeO2的混合物,其中CeO2的重量比为0.5%。
所述合成纤维绳抗拉强度为3680MPa以上。
实施例3
与实施例1不同的是,所述绳股所用材料为碳纤维和芳纶纤维。所述绳股纤维丝通过修复剂处理,修复纤维丝的微观缺陷后干燥固化,再整形捻制制成绳股。
所述修复方法为:修复剂通过加压氮气驱动形成气雾,在60℃~80℃的温度条件下以气雾形式喷入牵引的合成纤维绳丝中,合成纤维丝的牵引速度为5米/秒,然后继续牵引经多段升温固化。所述多段升温固化具体为:一段温度为80℃~100℃,二段为100℃~120℃,三段为120℃~160℃。
所述修复剂为碳硼烷聚酯和CeO2的混合物,其中CeO2的重量比为0.2%。
所述合成纤维绳抗拉强度为3650MPa以上。
Claims (5)
1.一种合成纤维微观结构缺陷修复方法,将修复剂通过加压氮气驱动形成气雾,在60℃~80℃的温度条件喷入牵引的合成纤维绳丝中,合成纤维绳丝经牵引速度以0.1~10米/秒,然后经多段升温固化;其特征在于:所述修复剂由碳硼烷聚酯和二氧化铈混合而成,所述修复剂中的二氧化铈重量比为0.1~0.5%;所述合成纤维是PBO纤维、芳纶纤维中的一种或几种的混纺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成纤维微观结构缺陷修复方法,其特征在于:所述多段升温固化具体为:一段温度为80℃~100℃,二段为100℃~120℃,三段为120℃~160℃。
3.一种高强度合成纤维绳,包括绳股及包覆在绳股外围的包覆体,所述绳股的材质为PBO纤维、芳纶纤维中的一种或几种捻制制成,其特征在于:所述绳股材质的纤维丝的经过权利要求1或2的修复方法修复处理。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高强度合成纤维绳,去特征在于:所述包覆体材质为改性后的聚氨酯。
5.根据权利要求3所述的高强度合成纤维绳,其特征在于:其绳股结构包括中心绳股,所述中心绳股外围设置有由多根第一绳股组成第一绳股层,第一绳股层外围设置有由多根第二绳股和第三绳股组成的第二绳股层,第二绳股层外围设置有由多根第四绳股组成的外围绳股层,所述第三绳股与第四绳股交错布置,每一绳股层的各绳股轴线均与中心绳股呈螺旋线状布置,所述第一绳股、第二绳股、第三绳股和第四绳股的直径不相同,相邻绳股之间相切接触。
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