CN110366642A - 锚固连接器元件的方法、用于实现该方法的机器和连接器元件锚固套件 - Google Patents

锚固连接器元件的方法、用于实现该方法的机器和连接器元件锚固套件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110366642A
CN110366642A CN201880007392.0A CN201880007392A CN110366642A CN 110366642 A CN110366642 A CN 110366642A CN 201880007392 A CN201880007392 A CN 201880007392A CN 110366642 A CN110366642 A CN 110366642A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
connecting element
sleeve
distal end
external member
thermoplastic material
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN201880007392.0A
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English (en)
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CN110366642B (zh
Inventor
穆图马里亚帕纳·桑卡兰
马里奥·莱曼
劳伦特·托里亚尼
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Woodward Welding Co Ltd
Ikea Supply AG
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Woodward Welding Co Ltd
Ikea Supply AG
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Publication of CN110366642A publication Critical patent/CN110366642A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/602—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined using hollow rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/603—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined the rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/607—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being hollow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/608—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • B29C65/645—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force using friction or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/126—Tenon and mortise joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30321—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of protusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30325—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30326—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined in the form of porosity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
    • B29C66/72329—Wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/748—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29C66/742 - B29C66/746
    • B29C66/7487—Wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B12/00—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior
    • F16B12/10—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior using pegs, bolts, tenons, clamps, clips, or the like
    • F16B12/12—Jointing of furniture or the like, e.g. hidden from exterior using pegs, bolts, tenons, clamps, clips, or the like for non-metal furniture parts, e.g. made of wood, of plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • F16B13/14—Non-metallic plugs or sleeves; Use of liquid, loose solid or kneadable material therefor
    • F16B13/141—Fixing plugs in holes by the use of settable material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
    • F16B37/04—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates
    • F16B37/06—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting
    • F16B37/061—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting by means of welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
    • F16B37/12—Nuts or like thread-engaging members with thread-engaging surfaces formed by inserted coil-springs, discs, or the like; Independent pieces of wound wire used as nuts; Threaded inserts for holes
    • F16B37/122—Threaded inserts, e.g. "rampa bolts"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
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    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
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    • B29C66/72325—Ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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Abstract

用于将连接器元件(10)锚固在接纳物体(66)中的方法包括将连接器元件(10)的远端端部沿着插入轴线在插入方向上插入至安装孔中；将包括有热塑性材料的套筒(36)插入至安装孔中，该套筒(36)封围连接器元件(10)；以及传递能量以使套筒(36)的热塑性材料的至少一部分液化。构造成用于实现该方法的机器(500)以及连接器元件锚固套件，该连接器元件锚固套件包括连接器元件(10)和具有热塑性材料的套筒(36)。

Description

锚固连接器元件的方法、用于实现该方法的机器和连接器元 件锚固套件
技术领域
本发明涉及将连接器元件锚固在接纳物体中的方法。本发明还涉及用于实现该方法的机器，并且涉及连接器元件锚固套件。
背景技术
螺钉通常用于连接物体。有时，被连接的物体中的一者具有孔，该孔设置有内螺纹并用于接纳螺钉。螺纹可以直接加工在物体的本体材料中。在其它情况下，由于各种原因，物体的本体材料可能不适于在其中直接加工螺纹。出于该目的，在本领域中已知有将带螺纹的金属插入件锚固在物体中的多种方法。以示例的方式，FR2485119公开了一种将带螺纹的插入件锚固在刨花板中的方法。带螺纹的插入件在压缩状态下被插入至预钻孔内，并且当螺钉被拧入带螺纹的插入件时，该带螺纹的插入件扩展成与刨花板牢固接合。在这种插入件的设计中，在带螺纹的插入件与物体之间的接合强度的方面和对物体的材料造成损坏的风险方面存在折衷，从而削弱了带螺纹的插入件所锚固的区域，其中，带螺纹的插入件被锚固至物体中。不论怎样，连结部的强度可能受到损害。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决、或至少减轻以上所提到的问题的部分或全部问题。为此目的，提供了一种将连接器元件锚固在接纳物体中的方法，该接纳物体具有锚固区域，该锚固区域设置有用于接纳连接器元件的安装孔，并且该连接器元件具有远端端部和近端端部，该近端端部设置有用于与另一物体的配合的第二连接器接合部接合的第一连接器接合部，所述方法包括：将连接器元件的远端端部沿着插入轴线在插入方向上插入至安装孔中；将包括有热塑性材料的套筒插入至安装孔中，套筒封围连接器元件；以及传递能量以使套筒的热塑性材料的至少一部分液化。这种方法在不使接纳物体的材料暴露而产生例如分层或裂缝的情况下，在连接器元件与接纳物体之间提供了牢固接合。
根据实施方式，套筒和连接器元件可以被预组装并且同时插入至所述安装孔中。替代性地，套筒和连接器元件可以以一个在另一个之后的方式被插入。以示例的方式，连接器元件可以在套筒之前被插入。然而，将套筒和连接器元件作为组件插入可以提供更简单的锚固过程，因为在插入套筒时将不需要保持例如连接器元件在安装孔中的位置。这还有助于具有不竖向向下指引的插入方向，因为套筒可以在安装孔中实现紧密配合。
根据实施方式，套筒不结合至连接器元件。因此，随着套筒的不同部分液化，可以允许套筒的未被液化部分沿着连接器元件轴向移动，同时允许连接器元件保持静止。这有助于获得连接器元件的良好限定的最终位置。
根据实施方式，能量可以借助于机械能量传递来进行传递，并且优选地通过机械振动来传递。机械振动可以在套筒与连接器元件和/或接纳物体接合的位置产生摩擦热。机械振动可以由与例如套筒接触的超声振动源产生。根据实施方式，超声振动源可以在整个锚固过程中保持不与连接器元件接触。在振动期间通过将套筒轴向压入安装孔中，可以在套筒轴向地抵接连接器元件和/或接纳物体的区域处开始液化。
根据实施方式，热塑性材料的液化可以在套筒与连接器元件之间的液化开始界面处开始。因此，液化将开始的位置将由套筒和连接器元件的设计和公差良好地限定，从而形成准确和可重复的锚固过程。此外，由于不需要在套筒与锚固区域之间施加压力和/或摩擦载荷，所以使锚固区域的材料损坏的风险最小。液化可以通过如下方式在所述液化开始界面处开始：通过在套筒与连接器元件之间施加轴向力，并且将套筒相对于连接器元件移动以产生摩擦热。根据实施方式，所述液化开始界面可以位于套筒的远端端部处。因此，对连接器元件的深度锚固被保证。液化开始界面可以由套筒的轴向端部与连接器元件的远端端部套环之间的界面形成，该远端端部套环从连接器元件的本体部分相对于插入轴线径向延伸。
根据实施方式，能量可以被传递成相继液化套筒的热塑性材料的多个轴向分离的部分。通过相继液化轴向分离的部分，液化能量可以连续地集中至每个轴向分离的部分。因此，可以沿着连接器元件的轴向长度的大部分获得液化，其中，仅适度的液化能量被传递至套筒。这尤其可以与锚固区域或者具有诸如金属之类的高热传导材料的连接器元件结合使用，因为高导热率可以以另外的方式在经液化的材料重新固化之前对经液化的材料沿着安装孔的内壁与连接器元件之间的界面的流动范围进行限定。套筒的热塑性材料的轴向分离的部分可以从远端端部朝向近端端部以连续的顺序被液化。套筒的热塑性材料的轴向分离的部分可以通过与连接器元件的相应不同部分——例如肩部和/或径向套环——和/或安装孔壁的肩部相继接合而相继液化。
根据实施方式，在使所述热塑性材料的至少一部分液化之前，连接器元件的远端端部可以移动至轴向端部位置中，在轴向端部位置中，连接器元件的远端端部抵接安装孔的轴向支承面。因此，在整个锚固过程中，连接器元件可以抵靠轴向支承面保持静止，从而使连接器元件的最终位置准确并且被良好地限定。轴向支承面可以由安装孔的内壁上的肩部形成，或者，如果安装孔是盲孔，轴向支承面可以由安装孔的底部形成。
根据实施方式，锚固区域可以固体材料，该固体材料能够在套筒的热塑性材料被液化时被热塑性材料渗透，并且该方法还可以包括允许液化的热塑性材料的至少一部分渗透至可渗透材料中。该可渗透材料可以是纤维和/或多孔材料，例如结构泡沫或基于植物的板材料，例如刨花板或木材，或多孔陶瓷材料。
根据实施方式，该方法还可以包括允许液化的热塑性材料的至少一部分轴向封围从连接器元件的本体径向延伸的结构件，并且然后允许液化的热塑性材料固化以在连接器元件与锚固区域之间提供轴向支承。以示例的方式，该径向延伸的结构件可以包括套环，该套环封围连接器元件的本体部分并且从连接器元件的本体部分径向延伸。
根据实施方式，该方法还可以包括允许经液化的热塑性材料的至少一部分封围连接器元件的切向变化的表面结构件，并且然后允许经液化的热塑性材料固化以对连接器元件与锚固区域之间的接合提供旋转阻力。以示例的方式，该切向变化的结构件可以包括径向套环上的脊状部，该脊状部沿径向和/或轴向方向延伸。
根据实施方式，接纳物体可以是家具部件，或用于形成家具部件的坯料。
根据实施方式，第一连接器接合部可以是用于与阳连接器接合部接合的阴连接器接合部。这种阴连接器接合部可以完全沉入到接纳物体中，以提供不具有任何突出元件的接纳物体表面。该阴连接器接合部可以具有内螺纹，并且用于接纳具有配合的外螺纹的螺钉。这种螺钉可以附接至例如家具支腿或可调节的家具支脚。替代性地，第一连接器接合部可以是用于与阴连接器接合部接合的阳连接器接合部。该阳连接器接合部可以具有用于与例如螺母的内螺纹接合的外螺纹。
根据实施方式，该方法还可以包括在所述套筒的至少一部分被液化的同时使套筒的近端端部沿插入方向移动。这可以将经液化的热塑性材料压入接纳物体的锚固区域中的任何空间或孔隙中，从而提高接合强度。
根据实施方式，连接器元件可以插入至安装孔中到达这样的位置：连接器元件与接纳物体的外表面平齐或连接器元件沉入接纳物体的外表面内。而且，套筒可以替代性地或另外地移动至这样的位置：套筒的近端端部与接纳物体的所述外表面平齐或套筒的近端端部沉入接纳物体的所述外表面内。这可以降低如下风险：任何相应的突出部分在物体的下部干涉或被挤压以经由所述第一连接器接合部和第二连接器接合部附接至接纳物体。
根据本发明的另一方面，通过连接器元件锚固套件解决、或至少减轻以上所提到的问题的部分或全部问题，连接器元件锚固套件包括构造成锚固在接纳物体中的连接器元件，该连接器元件具有相对非热塑性本体，该本体具有远端端部和近端端部，远端端部用于沿着插入轴线在插入方向上插入接纳物体的安装孔中，并且近端端部设置有用于与配合的第二连接器接合部接合的第一连接器接合部，该连接器元件锚固套件还包括具有热塑性材料的套筒，该套筒具有远端端部和近端端部，并且该套筒构造成接纳和封围连接器元件。使用这种套件，例如在上文描述的任何方法之后，可以将连接器元件结合至安装孔中的适当位置中。在不使接纳物体的材料暴露而出现例如分层或裂缝的情况下，这提供了牢固的接合。
根据实施方式，套筒可以包括多个轴向分离的肩部部分，该肩部部分构造成与连接器元件和/或接纳物体的多个轴向分离的支承面接合，以使套筒在多个轴向分离的熔融区域处液化。因此，连接器元件可以在若干轴向位置处锚固。所述套筒的肩部部分可以位于轴向位置处，以防止肩部部分与连接器元件和/或接纳物体的相应的支承面同时接合，使得一个熔融区域只能在另一熔融区域的肩部部分已经液化后才能接合。该肩部部分可以轴向布置成以连续的顺序液化，例如从套筒的远端端部开始液化。
根据实施方式，连接器元件在其远端端部处可以具有远端端部套环，该远端端部套环从本体相对于插入轴线径向延伸，并且套筒在其远端端部处可以具有比远端端部套环的横截面小的内部横截面，其中，连接器元件可插入至套筒中到达结合开始位置，在结合开始位置中，远端端部套环与套筒的远端端部轴向接合。该远端端部套环可以形成用于套筒的砧状部，从而引起在连接器元件的远端端部处的套环的熔融，该连接器元件可以位于安装孔的底部处。该套环可以形成封围本体的连续的或间断的脊状部。该脊状部可以沿着垂直于插入方向的平面。该远端端部套环将与重新固化的热塑性材料一起形成结合部，该结合部在连接器元件与锚固区域之间具有高的轴向强度，并且特别地阻止在与插入方向相反的方向拉动连接器元件。根据实施方式，该远端端部套环可以具有近端面，当远端端部套环沿径向方向延伸时，该近端面朝向插入方向倾斜。这种形状可以增加套筒与连接器元件之间的接合中的摩擦，并且还可以帮助将经液化的热塑性材料压向安装孔的内壁。根据实施方式，该远端端部套环可以具有近端面，该近端面设置有表面结构件以增大相对于套筒的远端端部的摩擦。该表面结构件还可以为接纳物体与连接器元件之间的接合提供扭矩强度。以示例的方式，该表面结构件可以构造为沿径向方向延伸的脊状部。根据实施方式，该远端端部套环还可以是带孔的以增大经液化的热塑性材料朝向远端端部套环的远端侧部的流动。
根据实施方式，套筒可以构造成至少在除了远端端部之外的所有轴向位置处以径向松配合的方式封围连接器元件。这降低了套筒将在除远端端部处以外的其它轴向位置处开始熔融的风险。术语“径向松配合”解释为不是摩擦配合，这并不意味着存在间隙。根据实施方式，套筒的远端端部也可以实现径向松配合。根据另一实施方式，套筒可以构造成在远端端部处以紧摩擦配合的方式与连接器元件接合。因此，在不使用连接器元件的远端端部套环用作用于套筒的砧状部的情况下，可以在远端端部处开始液化。套筒可以不结合至连接器元件。
根据实施方式，连接器元件可以包括至少一个中间套环，该中间套环位于近端端部与远端端部之间的中间区域中，并且从本体相对于插入轴线径向延伸，并且套筒可以包括用于接纳中间套环的面向内部的周向槽。该中间套环可以增加连接器单元与接纳物体之间的锚固接合的轴向强度，并且特别地防止将连接器元件沿插入方向推动。如果安装孔是通孔，或者安装孔几乎一直延伸穿过接纳物体，只留下薄的、薄弱的底部壁，这可能是特别有价值的。因此，可以节省大量的材料，因为接纳物体的厚度可以保持较低，并且沿插入方向保持锚固的轴向强度。根据实施方式，连接器元件可插入至套筒中以保持在这样的结合开始位置：在该结合开始位置中，中间套环被接纳在周向槽中，并且中间套环与对周向槽定界的近端边缘轴向分离。因此，周向槽的近端边缘将不会与中间套环接合，直到其他地方已经开始液化过程。这有助于获得轴向分离的熔融区域。
根据实施方式，套筒可以包括热塑性材料的近端端部液化套环。该液化套环可以包括用于增加液化套环与连接器单元和/或锚固区域之间的摩擦的表面结构件，例如沿着套筒的外部面轴向延伸的脊状部。连接器元件可以被插入至套筒中到达结合开始位置，在结合开始位置中，当在垂直于插入轴线的方向上观察时，液化套环位于连接器元件的近端侧部上，并且液化套环与连接器元件不叠置。因此，即使连接器元件完全接纳在接纳物体的安装孔中，在结合过程的初始阶段，液化套环可以保持与安装孔的周向边缘轴向分离。这意味着在套筒的更远端的部分已经被液化之前液化套环将不会与接纳物体接合并且液化。
根据实施方式，套筒的大部分外表面可以是平滑的，使得避免在外表面的除了预期的区域例如在液化套环处以外的其他区域处产生过大的摩擦和意外液化。
根据实施方式，当沿着插入轴线观察时，套筒可以比连接器元件长至少20％。因此，在套筒轴向地液化及收缩的同时，可以在套筒上保持轴向压力。
根据实施方式，连接器元件可以被预安装在套筒中以形成可摩擦结合的连接器组件。这种布置可以使实现锚固过程的机械更简单。
根据实施方式，连接器元件可以构造成以互锁方式与套筒在结合开始位置中接合。这种布置可以使实现锚固过程的机械更简单。根据实施方式，当套筒与连接器元件互锁时，套筒可以沿近端方向延伸超过连接器元件的如下长度：该长度为套筒总长度的至少20％或至少30％。
根据实施方式，套筒可以包括从轴向端部延伸至套筒内的扩展槽，该扩展槽允许套筒沿径向方向弹性扩展。该槽降低了当套筒被按压成与连接器元件互锁接合时套筒被损害的风险，特别是当套筒使用诸如玻璃纤维增强塑料之类的硬质和/或脆性材料时套筒被损害的风险。根据实施方式，为了额外的灵活性，套筒可以包括绕套筒的圆周分布的两个或更多个扩展槽。
根据实施方式，套筒当在垂直于插入轴线的截面中观察时可以是大致圆形的，其中，套筒的中心轴线与插入轴线重合。这种套筒特别适于圆形的安装孔。类似地，连接器元件可以是如所述横截面中观察到的圆形的。
连接器元件可以具有阴连接器接合部，该阴连接器接合部可以具有内螺纹并且用于接纳具有配合的外螺纹的螺钉。
根据实施方式，套筒可以包括径向向内延伸的近端端部套环，以当套筒封围连接器元件时在沿着插入方向观察的情况下，近端端部套环至少部分覆盖连接器元件。这种设计可以为连接器元件提供另外的轴向支承。此外，近端端部套环可以具有与接纳物体的邻近于孔的外表面的颜色相同的颜色，使得连接器元件将融入至接纳物体的表面中。
根据本发明的又一方面，构造成用于通过根据上文描述的任何方法来实现该过程的机器来解决、或至少减轻以上所提到的问题的部分或全部问题。该机器可以构造成使用上文描述的任何连接器元件锚固套件来执行该过程。
附图说明
通过参照附图对本发明的优选实施方式的以下说明性的且非限制性的详细描述，本发明的上述及另外的目的、特征和优点将更好地理解，其中，同样的附图标记用于相似的元件，在附图中：
图1a是根据第一实施方式的连接器元件的立体示意图；
图1b是图1a的连接器元件的当沿着图1a的箭头B-B观察时的截面的立体图；
图2a是根据第一实施方式的套筒的立体示意图；
图2b是图2a的套筒的当沿着图2a的箭头B-B观察时的截面的立体图；
图3a是在组装过程中处于第一位置的图1a的连接器元件和图2a的套筒的立体示意图；
图3b是在组装过程中处于第二位置的图3a的连接器元件和套筒的立体示意图；
图3c是在组装过程中处于第三最终位置的图3a的连接器元件和套筒的立体示意图，其中，连接器元件和套筒共同限定可摩擦结合的连接器组件；
图4a是图3c的可摩擦结合的连接器组件的立体示意图；
图4b示出了图4a的可摩擦结合的连接器组件当沿着图4a的箭头B-B观察时的截面；
图5a是图4b的可摩擦结合的连接器组件仍沿截面观察的立体示意图，其中，可摩擦结合的连接器组件在插入至接纳物体的安装孔期间处于第一位置；
图5b是处于安装孔中的结合起始位置的图5a的可摩擦结合的连接器组件的立体示意图；
图6a是在第一结合步骤期间处于第一位置的图5b的可摩擦结合的连接器组件的截面示意图；
图6b是在第一结合步骤期间处于第二位置的图6a的可摩擦结合的连接器组件的截面示意图；
图6c是在第二结合步骤期间处于第一位置的图6b的可摩擦结合的连接器组件的截面示意图；
图6d是在第二结合步骤期间处于第二位置的图6b的可摩擦结合的连接器组件的截面示意图；
图6e是在第三结合步骤期间处于第一位置的图6d的可摩擦结合的连接器组件的截面示意图；
图6f是在第三结合步骤期间处于第二位置的图6e的可摩擦结合的连接器组件的截面示意图；
图7是根据第二实施方式的连接器元件的立体示意图；
图8是根据第三实施方式的连接器元件的立体示意图；
图9是根据第四实施方式的连接器元件的立体示意图；
图10是示出了将连接器元件锚固在接纳物体中的方法的流程图；以及
图11是根据一个方面的机器的示意图。
具体实施方式
技术已被证明非常有利于用于将插入件牢固地固定在纤维或多孔结构件中。技术的一般原理需要设置在插入件/结构接合部的某处的热塑性材料。通过例如借助于超声振动装置对热塑性材料施加机械振动，将会产生摩擦力，导致热产生并且因此使热塑性材料熔融。当热塑性材料至少部分处于液相时，插入件被推入结构件的凹部中，随后，只要去除机械振动，热塑性材料被允许重新固化。不同的技术工艺的细节的另外的示例在例如WO2015/181300中描述。
图1a示出了用于锚固在诸如家具部件(未示出)之类的接纳物体中的连接器元件10。该连接器元件10具有设置有连接器接合部14的近端端部12，连接器接合部14在所示出的实施方式中构造为阴连接器接合部，并且包括内螺纹16并用于接合设置有配合的外螺纹的螺钉(未示出)。连接器元件10还具有用于插入至接纳物体的安装孔(未示出)中的远端端部18。连接器元件10具有大致圆形的筒形本体20，筒形本体20的圆形的筒形形状与带螺纹的阴连接器接合部14的圆形的筒形形状同轴。连接器元件10在其远端端部18处具有从本体20相对于圆形的筒形形状的中心轴线C1径向延伸的周向远端端部套环22。该远端端部套环22的近端面24沿远端方向倾斜，并且具有由多个径向脊状部26限定的表面结构件。在近端端部12与远端端部18之间的中间区域处，连接器元件10设置有从本体20相对于中心轴线C1径向延伸的周向的中间套环28。在近端端部12处，连接器元件10渐缩以限定朝向远端方向倾斜的周向肩部30。
图1b以如图1a中由箭头B-B所指示的截面示出了连接器元件10。如图1b中所观察到的，中间套环28具有沿远端方向倾斜的近端面32和位于大致垂直于中心轴线C1的平面中的远端面34。连接器元件10的总长度LC通常可能在5毫米至40毫米之间。连接器元件10还具有如下直径：该直径沿着连接器元件10的长度变化，并且在远端端部套环处达到直径的最大值DC。
图2a示出了由热塑性材料制成的套筒36。该套筒36具有平滑的、大致圆形的筒形外部面37、以及圆形的筒形内部开口38，该内部开口38构造成以下面将进一步阐明的方式接纳和封围连接器元件10。套筒36的内圆形的筒形形状38和外圆形的筒形形状37与套筒的中心轴线C2同轴。在远端端部40处，套筒36设置有一对扩展槽42a和42b，扩展槽42a和42b从套筒36的远端端部朝向近端端部44延伸。套筒36的内部远端边缘限定了远端液化肩部41。在近端端部44处，套筒36包括从套筒36相对于中心轴线C2径向延伸的边缘46。近端端部液化套环47由多个摩擦脊状部48限定，该摩擦脊状部沿着中心轴线C2的方向延伸，并且绕外部面37的外周分布。摩擦脊状部48的远端端部限定了面向远端方向的近端液化肩部49。
图2b以如图2a中由箭头B-B所指示的截面示出了套筒36。如图2b中所观察的，近端端部44设置有向内延伸的边缘50，该边缘50限定了面向远端方向的近端端部内肩部52。在近端端部44与远端端部40之间的中间区域处，套筒36设置有用于接纳连接器元件10(图1a)的中间套环28的面向内部的周向槽54。槽54的远端边缘56沿远端方向倾斜，而槽54的限定了中间液化肩部58的近端边缘大致平行于垂直于中心轴线C2的平面。套筒的总长度LS例如通常可以是7毫米至60毫米之间。
套筒36与图1a至图1b的连接器元件10一起限定了连接器元件锚固套件。图3a至图3c示出了连接器锚固套件60的组装以形成可摩擦结合的连接器组件62(图3c)。如图3a中所示，连接器元件10的近端端部12沿着由箭头64所示的组装方向压入套筒36的远端端部40中，该箭头64与连接器元件10的中心轴线C1(图1a)和套筒36的中心轴线C2(图2a)重合。在插入期间，扩展槽42a和42b允许套筒36的远端端部40弹性地扩展，如图3b中由箭头所示，从而允许连接器元件10的中间套环28被压入套筒36的周向槽54内。一旦处于图3c的位置，套筒36的远端端部40就会弹性地收缩，从而使套筒36与连接器元件10处于互锁接合。图4a以立体图示出了可摩擦结合的连接器组件62，并且图4b以由图4a中的箭头B-B所指示的截面图示出了可摩擦结合的连接器组件62。如图4b中所观察的，远端液化肩部41与远端端部套环22接合，而中间液化肩部58与中间套环28轴向地分离。中间套环28的远端面34(图1b)与槽54的远端边缘56(图2b)之间的接合保持套筒36和连接器元件10处于互锁接合。即使没有示出间隙，套筒36沿着整个轴向长度以径向松配合的方式封围连接器元件10。如根据图4b明显的，套筒36比连接器元件10长，并且沿近端方向延伸超过连接器元件10。
图5a至图5b示出了可摩擦结合的连接器组件62至接纳物体66的圆形的筒形安装孔64中的插入。安装孔64布置在接纳物体66的锚固区域63中，该锚固区域63包括能够由液化热塑性材料渗透的材料，比如刨花板。安装孔64具有与接纳物体66的表面邻近的直径扩大部分65，该直径扩大部分65在安装孔64中限定了沉头砧状肩部67。双直径安装孔64可以由双直径钻头形成。可摩擦结合的连接器组件62沿着插入轴线A在由箭头68图示的插入方向上插入，该插入轴线A与中心轴线C1(图1a)和中心轴线C2(图2a)重合。可摩擦结合的连接器组件62以径向松配合的方式插入至安装孔64中，即没有压配合，并且插入是通过使连接器元件10被带入成与安装孔64的底部面70抵接来完成的。图5b示出了处于准备结合至接纳物体66的位置中的可摩擦结合的连接器组件62。
图6a是图5a的情况的放大视图，并且图6a至图6f示出了用于将连接器元件10锚固在接纳物体66中的结合过程。在图6a的位置中，套筒36的近端液化肩部49与安装孔64(图5a)的砧状肩部67轴向分离。在结合期间，超声振动能量借助于与套筒36的近端端部44接合的超声波发生器(未示出)传递至套筒。该超声波发生器沿箭头72的方向施加轴向压力，并且使套筒36振动以使得在连接器元件10和接纳物体66中的任一者或两者与套筒36之间的接合部处产生摩擦热。在图6a、图6c和图6e中的每一者中，由套筒36施加在连接器元件10或接纳物体66上的轴向力的主要接合水平由线F表示。
在图6a中所示的第一结合步骤中，超声波发生器沿箭头72的方向施加压力，从而将套筒36的远端液化肩部41压靠于连接器元件10的远端端部套环22。远端液化肩部41与远端端部套环22之间的接合限定了远端液化开始界面74。由超声波发生器的超声振动在远端液化开始界面74处产生的摩擦热使套筒的远端端部的热塑性材料液化，从而进入图6b中所示的情况。随着超声波发生器继续振动，并且继续沿着插入方向推动套筒36，套筒36的液化热塑性材料76被压入与连接器元件10的远端端部邻近的锚固区域63的可渗透材料中。远端端部套环22限定了连接器元件10与安装孔64的内壁之间的液化热塑性材料填充间隙的相对不透液体的底部，并且从而将经液化的热塑性材料76径向地引导至锚固区域62中。液化热塑性材料还与远端端部套环22的表面结构件接合，该接合以放大的细节立体图在图6b的底部处图示出，一旦热塑性材料随后冷却并固化，之后形成牢固的形状配合的接合。套筒36的近端部分和中间部分保持为固体的，并且用作将经液化的热塑性材料76压入锚固区域63内的活塞。随着套筒36沿着插入方向移动，套筒36的中间液化肩部58与中间套环28的近端面32接合，使得形成如图6c中所示的中间液化开始界面78。
在第二结合步骤中，超声波发生器将中间液化肩部58压靠于连接器元件10的中间套环28。由超声波发生器的超声振动在中间液化开始界面78处产生的摩擦热使套筒36的中间部分的热塑性材料液化，从而进入图6b中的图示情况。随着超声波发生器继续振动，并且继续沿着插入方向推动套筒36，套筒36的液化热塑性材料76继续被压入与连接器元件10的中间套环28邻近的锚固区域63的可渗透材料中。随着套筒36沿着插入方向移动，套筒36的近端液化肩部49与安装孔的砧状肩部67接合，使得形成如图6e中所示的近端液化开始界面80。
在第三结合步骤中，超声波发生器将近端液化肩部49压靠于接纳物体66的砧状肩部67。由超声波发生器的超声振动在近端液化开始界面80处产生的摩擦热使套筒36的近端部分的热塑性材料液化，并且随着超声波发生器继续振动，并且继续沿着插入方向推动套筒36，套筒36的液化热塑性材料76继续被压入与连接器元件10的近端端部邻近的锚固区域63的可渗透材料中。一旦到达图6f的位置，例如通过使超声波发生器断电或者将超声波发生器与套筒36分离，压力和振动停止，并且热塑性材料76被允许重新固化。套筒36的顶部在整个锚固过程中保持完整，并且在图6f的最终位置，套筒36的顶部沿着与插入方向68(图5a)相反的方向延伸超过连接器元件10。在所示出的示例中，连接器元件10的轴向长度LC(图1b)比安装孔64(图5a)的轴向深度LH(图6a)短，使得当处于最终位置时，连接器元件10将被略微沉入安装孔64(图5a)内。因此，可以避免超声波发生器与连接器元件10之间的意外接触，因为接纳物体66的表面可以用作用于超声波发生器的端部止挡部。在结合期间，套筒36的近端端部内肩部52(图2b)在如图6f中所示出的示例中可以通过与连接器元件10的周向肩部30(图1a)的摩擦接合而液化，以牢固地嵌入肩部30；替代性地，在近端端部内肩部52到达连接器元件10的周向肩部30之前，锚固过程可能停止。在图6f的最终位置中，套筒36突出在接纳物体66的表面上方。在锚固过程的略微变型中，第三结合步骤可以继续，直到套筒36的近端端部44(图6a)到达其与接纳物体66的表面平齐的位置。在另一变型中，第三结合步骤可以继续，直到套筒36的近端端部44到达套筒36的近端端部44沉入接纳物体66内的位置。
上文中所描述的连接器元件10具有设置有平滑外表面的本体20(图1a)。图7示出了根据第二实施方式的连接器元件110，该连接器元件110除了本体120具有滚花表面部分120a之外，在每个方面与图1a至图1b的连接器元件相同。当在平行于插入轴线A的截面(i)中观察时，滚花表面部分120a限定了沿轴向方向变化的表面结构件，一旦滚花表面部分嵌入安装孔中的重新固化的热塑性材料中，则对锚固的连接器元件110提供高的轴向强度。类似地，当在垂直于插入轴线A的截面(ii)中观察时，滚花部分限定了相对于插入轴线A沿切向方向变化的表面结构，一旦滚花部分嵌入安装孔中的重新固化的热塑性材料中，则对锚固的连接器元件110提供高扭转强度。
图8示出了根据第三实施方式的连接器元件210，该连接器元件210除了下述方面之外在每个方面与图1a至图1b的连接器元件相同：从连接器元件210的本体220突出的扭转支承脊状部220a沿着轴向方向A延伸。一个或若干个这种脊状部220a可以设置在用于需要提高的扭转强度的应用的连接器元件上。
图9示出了根据第四实施方式的连接器元件310，该连接器元件310除了下述方面之外在每个方面与图1a至图1b的连接器元件相同：远端端部套环322是带孔的以增强液化的热塑性材料至远端端部套环322的远端侧部的流动。这种布置可以增加能够被液化热塑性材料到达的锚固区域63(图5a)的体积，从而提高整体锚固强度。
图10是示出了前述方法的流程图。在步骤400(图5a至图5b)中，连接器元件10的远端端部插入至安装孔64中。在步骤402(图5a至图5b)中，套筒36插入安装孔64内，套筒36封围连接器元件10。如上文中所详细示出的，步骤400和步骤402可以通过将连接器元件10与套筒36预组装来同时实现；替代性地，连接器元件10和套筒可以以任何连续的顺序插入至其中套筒36封围连接器元件10的位置。最后，在步骤404(图6a至图6f)中，能量被传递以使套筒36的热塑性材料的至少一部分液化。如先前所示出的，液化可以在多个轴向分离的液化开始界面74、78和80处以连续的顺序逐步开始。另外的液化开始界面可以沿着连接器元件10和套筒36的轴向长度设置，例如通过沿着连接器元件10和套筒36的长度分布的附加的成对的中间套环28与周向槽54来提供。
构造成用于实现以上所描述的过程的机器在图11中示意性地示出。机器500可以包括给送单元502和定位装置504，该给送单元502构造成提供连接器元件10和套筒36，该定位装置504构造成接纳来自给送单元502的连接器元件10和套筒36并且将连接器元件10和套筒36(图1a，图2a)安置在接纳物体66的安装孔64(图5a)中。机器500还包括用于将能量传递至套筒36的能量传递装置506，比如加热器或超声波发生器。机器500还可以配备有包括多个套筒36和连接器元件10的料斗508，以用于在将接纳物体66移动通过机器500进行给送时实现自动化的重复锚固操作，其中，多个套筒36和连接器元件10作为独立的部件或者作为可摩擦结合的连接器组件62。
特别适合于上文中所描述的锚固区域63的可渗透材料的示例是固体材料，例如木材、胶合板、刨花板、硬纸板、混凝土砖材料、多孔玻璃、金属泡沫、陶瓷或聚合物材料，或烧结陶瓷、玻璃或金属材料，其中，这些材料包括能够被热塑性材料渗透的空间，该空间最初填充有空气或填充有另外可替换或可压缩的材料。另外的示例是具有上述性能或材料的复合材料，或者是具有如下表面的材料：该表面包括合适的粗糙度、合适的机械加工表面结构或合适的表面涂层(例如由颗粒组成)。如果可渗透材料具有热塑性性能，理想的是，通过进一步包括机械稳定相或通过具有比在锚固步骤中液化的热塑性材料相当高的熔融温度，可渗透材料保持其在锚固步骤期间的机械强度。可渗透材料至少在环境温度下优选地是固体，其中，在本公开的范围中“固体”意味着这种材料是刚性的，基本上不具有弹性(没有弹性体特性)并且不塑性变形，并且它不是弹性可压缩的或仅仅是非常小程度的弹性可压缩的。可渗透材料还包括(实际的或潜在的)空间，其中，液化材料可以流动或被按压至该空间中以用于锚固。可渗透材料是例如纤维状的或多孔的，或包括例如由适当的加工或由涂覆(实际的渗透空间)制造的可渗透的表面结构。替代性地，可渗透材料能够在液化的热塑性材料的静水压力下开发这种空间，这意味着在环境条件下，这种空间可能不是可渗透的或者只能在很小的程度上渗透。这种性能(具有潜在的渗透空间)意味着例如在机械阻力方面的不均匀性。具有这种性能的材料的示例是多孔的材料，这些多孔材料的孔隙被填充有能够从孔隙中挤出的材料、由软材料和硬质材料或不均匀的材料(例如木材)组成的复合材料，其中，组分之间的界面附着力小于渗透液化材料所施加的力。因此，一般情况下，可渗透材料包括在结构方面的不均匀性(“空的”空间比如孔隙、腔等)或在材料组成方面的不均匀性(可替换材料或可分离材料)。然而，为了完整起见，应当指出的是，本发明不限于在可渗透材料中的应用；本发明还可以用于将连接器元件锚固在根据以上所限定的不可渗透材料的接纳物体中。安装孔64可以可选地设置有底切部。该底切部也可以在过程中例如通过如下方式产生：通过将套筒压入接纳物体的材料内从而使安装孔破裂，或者通过对例如蜂窝板的蜂窝部进行压缩。
连接器元件10由相对非热塑性材料制成。用于连接器元件的示例性的、合适的材料是金属，例如钢、铝、比如Zamak 5之类的锌合金或铸铁。然而，相对非热塑性这一术语应该在锚固过程的范围中解释；为了使用该过程锚固连接器元件10，连接器元件10的本体20需要在整个锚固过程中保持为固体。因此，“相对非热塑性”这一术语也应解释为包括具有熔点大致高于套筒36的熔点的任何热塑性材料，因为在本发明的范围中，这些材料将不具有热塑性性能。
适合于上文中所描述的套筒36的热塑性材料可以包括聚合物相(特别是基于C、P、S或Si链)，该聚合物相例如通过熔融从固体转变为液体或在临界温度范围以上可流动，并且当在临界温度范围以下再次冷却时例如通过结晶再转化为固体材料，由此固体相的粘度比液体相的粘度高几个数量级，例如固体相的粘度比液体相的粘度高至少三个数量级。热塑性材料通常可以包括聚合物组分，该聚合物组分是非共价交联的或者以在加热至或高于熔融温度范围时交联键可逆打开的方式交联。聚合物材料可以进一步包括填充物，例如不具有热塑性性能或具有热塑性能的材料的纤维或颗粒，热塑性性能包括显著高于基本聚合物的熔融温度范围的熔融温度范围。用于热塑性材料的示例是热塑性聚合物、共聚物或经填充的聚合物，其中，基本聚合物或共聚物是例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺(特别是聚酰胺12、聚酰胺11、聚酰胺6或聚酰胺66)、聚甲醛、聚碳酸酯聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯或者聚酯碳酸酯、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯(ABS)、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸(ASA)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯或者聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)、聚砜(PSU)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、液晶聚合物(LCP)等。
适于根据本发明的方法的机械振动或振荡通常可以具有2KHz至200KHz之间的频率；更特别地在10KHz至100KHz之间；并且甚至更特别地在15KHz至40KHz之间。以示例的方式，机械振动或振荡可以在每平方毫米有效表面提供0.2W至20W的典型振动功率。振动工具(例如超声波发生器)可以设计成使得其与套筒的界面主要沿插入轴线A(图5a)的方向振荡，并且具有1微米至100微米之间的振幅，例如大约30微米至60微米的振幅。
已经主要参照以上几个实施方式描述了本发明。然而，如本领域技术人员容易理解的那样，在由所附专利权利要求所限定的本发明的范围内，除了上述所公开的实施方式以外的其他实施方式同样是可能的。例如，安装孔64(图5a)被图示为盲孔。然而，安装孔64可以替代性地构造为通孔，该通孔延伸贯穿例如由刨花板制成的家具部件。通孔64的内部面可以设置有端部止挡肩部，该端部止挡肩部例如通过安装孔64的底部70形成较小直径的通孔64a来提供。因此，可以从板的任一侧触及连接器元件10的内螺纹14(图1a)。此外，套筒36(图2a)被图示为具有用于接纳连接器元件10的轴向通孔38。然而，这是不必要的，套筒仅在一个端部处是敞开的可能已经满足要求。以示例的方式，套筒36可以由近端端部处的轴向端部壁封闭。这种套筒可以用于锚固隐藏的连接器元件，该隐藏的连接器元件之后可以例如通过移去轴向端部壁以暴露螺纹而被触及，以用于安装例如可重新构造的家具系统的可选部件。在前文中，所有部件被图示为关于插入轴线A(图5a)和中心轴线C1、C2(图1a，图2a)具有大致圆形的筒形或旋转对称的几何形状。然而，尽管这种几何形状可以对于圆形安装孔64是优选的，并且圆形安装孔可以更容易地通过例如钻削而形成，但是圆形几何形状是没有必要的。此外，连接器元件、套筒和安装孔不需要具有相同的总体形状或配合形状。在前述中，第一连接器接合部和第二连接器接合部被描述为螺纹接合部。然而，这是不必要的。本发明还适于锚固其他类型的连接器接合部，例如卡口式接合部、点击连接件(clickconnections)、磁体、夹持件等。待锚固在接纳物体中的连接器元件不需要设置有阴连接器接合部；替代性地，连接器元件可以是阳连接器接合部，例如螺纹销。

Claims (31)

1.一种将连接器元件(10；110；210；310)锚固在接纳物体(66)中的方法，所述接纳物体(66)具有锚固区域(63)，所述锚固区域(63)设置有用于接纳所述连接器元件(10；110；210；310)的安装孔(64)，并且所述连接器元件(10；110；210；310)具有远端端部(18)和近端端部(12)，所述近端端部(12)设置有用于与配合的第二连接器接合部接合的第一连接器接合部(14)，所述方法包括：
将所述连接器元件(10；110；210；310)的所述远端端部(18)沿着插入轴线(A)在插入方向(68)上插入至所述安装孔(64)中，并且其特征在于，
将包括有热塑性材料的套筒(36)插入至所述安装孔(64)中，所述套筒(36)封围所述连接器元件(10；110；210；310)；以及
传递能量以使所述套筒(36)的所述热塑性材料的至少一部分(76)液化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述套筒(36)和所述连接器元件(10)被预组装并且同时插入至所述安装孔(64)中。
3.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其中，所述能量借助于机械能量传递来传递，并且优选地通过机械振动来传递。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其中，所述热塑性材料的所述液化在所述套筒(36)与所述连接器元件(10)之间的液化开始界面(74，78)处开始。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，所述液化开始界面(74)位于所述套筒(36)的远端端部(40)处。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其中，所述能量被传递以相继地液化所述套筒(36)的所述热塑性材料的多个轴向分离的部分(41，58，49)。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其中，在使所述热塑性材料的所述至少一部分(76)液化之前，所述连接器元件(10)的所述远端端部(18)被移动至轴向端部位置中，在所述轴向端部位置中，所述连接器元件(10)的远端端部(18)抵接所述安装孔(64)的轴向支承面(70)。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其中，所述锚固区域(63)包括固体材料，所述固体材料能够在所述套筒(36)的所述热塑性材料被液化时被所述热塑性材料渗透，所述方法还包括：
允许经液化的所述热塑性材料(76)的至少一部分渗透至可渗透材料中。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，还包括：
允许经液化的所述热塑性材料(76)的至少一部分轴向封围所述连接器元件(10)的从本体(120)径向延伸的结构件(28，22)，并且然后允许经液化的所述热塑性材料(76)固化以在所述连接器元件(10)与所述锚固区域(63)之间提供轴向支承。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，还包括：
允许经液化的所述热塑性材料(76)的至少一部分封围所述连接器元件(10；310)的切向变化的表面结构件(26，120a；220a；322)，并且然后允许经液化的所述热塑性材料(76)固化以对所述连接器元件(10)与所述锚固区域(63)之间的接合提供旋转阻力。
11.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其中，所述接纳物体(66)是家具部件，或用于形成家具部件的坯料。
12.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其中，所述第一连接器接合部(14)是用于与阳连接器接合部接合的阴连接器接合部。
13.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，还包括在所述套筒(36)的所述至少一部分(76)被液化的同时，使所述套筒(36)的近端端部(44)沿所述插入方向(68)移动。
14.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的方法，其中，所述连接器元件(10；110；210；310)被插入至所述安装孔(64)中以到达这样的位置：所述连接器元件(10；110；210；310)与所述接纳物体(66)的外表面平齐或所述连接器元件(10；110；210；310)沉入所述接纳物体(66)的外表面内，并且/或者所述套筒(36)被移动至这样的位置：所述套筒(36)的近端端部(44)与所述接纳物体(66)的所述外表面平齐或所述套筒(36)的近端端部(44)沉入所述接纳物体(66)的所述外表面内。
15.一种连接器元件锚固套件，所述连接器元件锚固套件包括构造成锚固在接纳物体(66)中的连接器元件(10；110；210；310)，所述连接器元件(10；110；210；310)具有本体(20；120；220)，所述本体(20；120；220)具有远端端部(18)和近端端部(12)，所述远端端部(18)用于沿着插入轴线(A)在插入方向(68)上插入至所述接纳物体(66)的安装孔(64)中，并且所述近端端部(12)设置有用于与配合的第二连接器接合部接合的第一连接器接合部(14)，所述连接器元件(10；110；210；310)锚固套件的特征在于包括具有热塑性材料的套筒(36)，所述套筒(36)具有远端端部(40)和近端端部(44)，并且所述套筒(36)构造成接纳和封围所述连接器元件(10；110；210；310)。
16.根据权利要求15所述的连接器元件锚固套件，其中，所述套筒(36)包括多个轴向分离的肩部部分(41，58，49)，所述肩部部分(41，58，49)构造成与所述连接器元件(10)和/或所述接纳物体(66)的多个轴向分离的支承面(24，32，67)接合，以使所述套筒(36)在多个轴向分离的熔融区域(74，78，80)处液化。
17.根据权利要求15至16中的任一项所述的连接器元件锚固套件，其中，所述连接器元件(10)在所述连接器元件(10)的远端端部(18)处具有从所述本体(20)相对于所述插入轴线(A)径向延伸的远端端部套环(22；322)，并且所述套筒(36)在所述套筒(36)的远端端部(40)处具有内部横截面，所述内部横截面比所述远端端部套环(22；322)的横截面小，其中，所述连接器元件(10)能够插入至所述套筒(36)中以到达结合开始位置，在所述结合开始位置中，所述远端端部套环(22；322)与所述套筒(36)的远端端部(40)轴向接合。
18.根据权利要求17所述的连接器元件锚固套件，其中，所述远端端部套环(22)具有近端面(24)，所述近端面(24)在所述远端端部套环(22)沿所述径向方向延伸时朝向所述插入方向(68)倾斜。
19.根据权利要求17至18中的任一项所述的连接器元件锚固套件，其中，所述远端端部套环(22)具有近端面(24)，所述近端面(24)设置有表面结构件(26)以增大相对于所述套筒(36)的远端端部(40)的摩擦。
20.根据权利要求15至19中的任一项所述的连接器元件锚固套件，其中，所述套筒(36)构造成至少在除了所述远端端部(40)之外的所有轴向位置处以径向松配合的方式封围所述连接器元件(10)。
21.根据权利要求15至20中的任一项所述的连接器元件锚固套件，其中，所述连接器元件(10)包括至少一个中间套环(28)，所述中间套环(28)位于所述近端端部(12)与所述远端端部(18)之间的中间区域中，并且从所述本体(20)相对于所述插入轴线(A)径向延伸，并且所述套筒(36)包括用于接纳所述中间套环(28)的面向内部的周向槽(54)。
22.根据权利要求21所述的连接器元件锚固套件，其中，所述连接器元件(10)能够插入至所述套筒(36)中以保持在这样的结合开始位置处：在该结合开始位置中，所述中间套环(28)被接纳在所述周向槽(54)中并且所述中间套环(28)与对所述周向槽(54)定界的近端边缘(58)轴向分离。
23.根据权利要求15至22中的任一项所述的连接器元件锚固套件，其中，所述套筒(36)包括热塑性材料的近端端部液化套环(47)。
24.根据权利要求15至23中的任一项所述的连接器元件锚固套件，其中，所述套筒(36)当沿着所述插入轴线(A)观察时比所述连接器元件(10)长至少20％。
25.根据权利要求15至24中的任一项所述的连接器元件锚固套件，其中，所述连接器元件(10)被预安装在所述套筒(36)中以形成可摩擦结合的连接器组件(62)。
26.根据权利要求15至25中的任一项所述的连接器元件锚固套件，其中，所述连接器元件(10)构造成以互锁方式与所述套筒(36)在结合开始位置中接合。
27.根据权利要求15至26中的任一项所述的连接器元件锚固套件，其中，所述套筒(36)包括从轴向端部(40)延伸至所述套筒(36)内的扩展槽(42a，42b)，所述扩展槽(42a，42b)允许所述套筒(36)沿径向方向弹性地扩展。
28.根据权利要求15至27中的任一项所述的连接器元件锚固套件，其中，所述套筒(36)当在垂直于所述插入轴线(A)的截面中观察时是大致圆形的，其中，所述套筒(36)的中心轴线(C2)与所述插入轴线(A)重合。
29.根据权利要求15至28中的任一项所述的连接器元件锚固套件，其中，所述第一连接器接合部(14)是阴连接器接合部，所述阴连接器接合部具有内螺纹(16)并且用于接纳具有配合的外螺纹的螺钉。
30.根据权利要求15至29中的任一项所述的连接器元件锚固套件，其中，所述套筒(36)包括径向向内延伸的近端端部套环(50)，以当所述套筒(36)封围所述连接器元件(10)时在沿着所述插入方向(68)观察的情况下所述近端端部套环(50)至少部分地覆盖所述连接器元件(10)。
31.一种构造成用于实现根据权利要求1至14中的任一项所述的方法的机器(500)。
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