JP6580075B2 - 2つの物体を接合する方法 - Google Patents
2つの物体を接合する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6580075B2 JP6580075B2 JP2016569597A JP2016569597A JP6580075B2 JP 6580075 B2 JP6580075 B2 JP 6580075B2 JP 2016569597 A JP2016569597 A JP 2016569597A JP 2016569597 A JP2016569597 A JP 2016569597A JP 6580075 B2 JP6580075 B2 JP 6580075B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B3/00—Key-type connections; Keys
- F16B3/005—Key-type connections; Keys the key being formed by solidification of injected material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
- Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)
- Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
Description
この発明は機械工学および機械的構成の分野に属し、2つの物体を接合するための方法に関する。これらの物体のうちの一方は挿入部を含み、他方の物体は開口を含み、2つの物体が接合されるために、挿入部は開口内に固着(anchor)され、固着区域では、これらの物体のうちの一方は、熱可塑特性を有する固体材料を含み、他方の物体は、液化された場合の熱可塑特性を有する材料によって浸透可能である固体材料を含む。浸透可能な材料は、たとえば繊維質または多孔質であり、それはたとえば構造発泡体である。
たとえば公報WO96/01377(クリアテック(Createc))、WO98/042988(ウッドウェルディング(Woodwelding))、およびWO2006/002569(ウッドウェルディング)またはWO2008/080238から、たとえばチップボードや木材といった繊維質または多孔質材料に、熱可塑特性を有する材料を含む挿入物を固着することが公知である。そのような固着のために、挿入物は開口に対して位置付けられ、次に機械的振動、特に超音波振動と、挿入物を開口内に押し込むために方向付けられた力とが、同時に挿入物に印加される。挿入物を位置付けるステップでは、関連する力は使用されない。すなわち、振動エネルギーを印加すると、位置付けられた挿入物は自由に振動し、もしくは、それを繊維質または多孔質材料に押し付ける前述の力によって振動エネルギーを繊維質または多孔質材料に伝達するであろう。振動と力とを印加するステップでは、熱可塑特性を有する材料は、少なくとも繊維質または多孔質材料と接する場所で摩擦熱によって液化される。それは、開口の壁の繊維質または多孔質材料に浸透して、再固化時に多孔質または繊維質材料との確実な嵌合接続を形成する。
この発明の目的は、2つの物体を接合するための代替的な方法であって、これらの物体のうちの一方は挿入部を含み、他方の物体は開口を含み、接合のために、挿入部は開口内に固着され、少なくともそのような固着が所望される区域では、これらの物体のうちの一方は、熱可塑特性を有する固体材料を含み、他方の物体は、液化された場合の熱可塑特性を有する材料によって浸透可能である固体材料を含む、方法を提供することである。
− 挿入部および開口の断面は、締まり嵌めが断面の周囲の一部のみに制限されるように同じ形状を有さないことによって、互いに適合される;
・ 干渉力にさらされる部分間の距離が、次の固着するステップの間の熱可塑性材料の流れの距離と同様であるかまたはそれより小さい場合、それにもかかわらず、固着は全周に関与してもよく、干渉力部分間の部分は、圧迫された熱可塑性材料が行くことができる追加のスペースとして機能する。たとえば、開口の断面が円形で、挿入部の断面が間隔が密な歯を有する星形である場合、熱可塑性材料は、固着中、歯の間のスペースを充填するように流れてもよい;
・ 干渉力部分間の距離が大きい場合、固着はそれに応じて、本質的に干渉力部分に対応する周囲の一部に制限されるであろう;
・ この概念の実施形態では、そのような断面のエッジは、締まり嵌めの確立時にエネルギー方向付け要素として機能してもよく、および/または開口の側壁に押し込まれてもよい;
− 加えて、または代替例として、挿入部および開口の断面ペアリングは、開口の深さに沿って配置された所定区域に締まり嵌めが制限されるように、この深さに沿って異なっていてもよい。特に、締まり嵌めは、開口の口から離れた区域に(より深い部分に)制限されてもよい。なぜなら、亀裂または他の損傷の危険は、開口のへりで最も高いためである;
・ 例では、開口は、より深い位置でより小さい直径を有するように、段を付けられるかまたは先細りしていてもよく、一方、挿入部は段/先細りを有しておらず、または、異なるように段を付けられ/先細りしている;
− 加えて、またはさらに別の代替例として、挿入部には、特にそれがたとえば若干弾性材料である場合、中空部分が設けられてもよい。例では、遠位端が中空であってもよい;
− 加えて、またはさらに別の代替例として、挿入部には、固い、または柔軟な/柔らかいウィングが設けられてもよい。挿入部は次に、たとえば、空気圧などによって開口内に撃ち込まれてもよい。ウィングは、挿入部が亀裂を生じることなく正しい位置に位置することを確実にしてもよい;
− 加えて、またはさらに別の代替例として、干渉力は、固着するステップの直前および物体が互いに対して位置付けられた直後にのみ、第1の物体の内側から生じてもよい。特に、第1の物体には、近位側からアクセス可能な内側開口が設けられてもよく、たとえばその後エネルギーを第1の物体に伝達する振動ツールによって、膨張要素が開口内に押し込まれてもよい。ここでの膨張要素は、第1の物体を膨張させ、それにより内側から干渉力を生じるように、内側開口よりも大きい断面を有する。
・ 挿入部および開口は円筒形ではないものの、たとえば、連続的にまたは段階的に先細りしており、全体的な先細り角度は、好ましくは10〜15°以下である;
・ 挿入部の任意の断面が、溝の形をした開口とペアになっており、複数の挿入部が並んでまたは距離をあけて溝に導入されてもよい;
・ 挿入部および開口の断面が、エネルギー方向付け要素を含む一方と含まない他方とで異なっている;
・ エネルギー方向付け要素が、開口の深さと平行に延在する隆起の形を有する;
・ 挿入部の近位端に近位部が設けられ、近位部はたとえば、近位部を開口内に導入できないように、挿入部よりも大きい断面を有する。そのようなヘッド形状の近位部は、締まり嵌めを確立するステップの間、および/または固着するステップの間、振動ツールを適用するために、およびおそらくは開口内への挿入部の動きを制限するために役立ち得る。近位部は加えて、たとえばその形状に関連付けられたさらなる機能を有していてもよい;
・ めくら開口の底での強い固着が所望される場合、挿入部のこの遠位端は先細りしており、または、エネルギー方向付け表面構造を含む;
・ めくら開口の底での最小限の固着が所望される場合、挿入部の遠位端は好ましくは尖っておらず、および/または熱可塑性材料を含まず、および/または開口の底は、浸透可能でない材料、または開口の側壁の材料ほど浸透可能ではない材料を含む;
・ 挿入部は、たとえば開口の深さの方向に延在し、かつ固着するステップの条件下で軟化または液化しない材料(たとえば、金属またはセラミック材料、もしくは、固着するステップで液化されることになっている熱可塑性材料よりもかなり高い溶融温度範囲を有する熱硬化性ポリマーまたは熱可塑性ポリマーであるポリマー材料)からなるコアを含む。コアは、挿入部の機械的強度を高める。
この発明はまた、自動化された態様で方法を実行するための機械に関する。そのような機械は、締まり嵌めを確立するために挿入部を開口内に挿入するための挿入手段と、固着するプロセスを実行するための固着手段とを含む。(たとえば、振動ツールが最初に挿入部を開口内に押込み、次に機械的振動にさらされて、固着するプロセスのためにエネルギーを構成に結合することによって)挿入手段は固着手段と組合されてもよく、またはそれから離れていてもよい。
この発明を、添付図面に関連してさらに詳細に説明する。
好ましい実施形態の説明
図1は、この発明に従った方法のすでに上に概説された好ましい実施形態を示しており、2つの物体、すなわち挿入部および開口それぞれが、開口の深さと平行な断面(長手方向断面)で示されている。図1の左手側には、接合されるべき2つの物体が示されている。
機械はオプションで、ドリル94を含む穿孔装置93などの開口生成装置をさらに含んでいてもよく、ドリル94の直径は、挿入部が開口内に挿入されると締まり嵌めが確立されるように、挿入部6の外径に適合される。すなわち、ドリル94は、挿入部の外径よりも多少小さい直径を有する開口を形成するように構成される。
図1に示すような方法を使用して、ポリアミド(15%のガラス繊維が充填されたPA6.6)の固着装置を、密度が0.5〜0.8g/cm3の範囲にある多孔質構造発泡体に接合した。発泡体に設けられた開口はめくら穴であった。装置の挿入部は円筒形で、締まり嵌めを生成するために直径が3%超過サイズである円形断面(エネルギー方向付け構造なし)と、穴深さに対して25%の超過長さと、尖っていない遠位端とを有していた。装置断面に関連して約10MPaの干渉力を必要とする開口内に、装置を押し込んだ。挿入された位置で、装置の遠位端はめくら穴の底に当接した。固着するステップのために、発泡体を局所的に固定し(アンビル物体)、超音波振動を装置(自由物体)の近位面に結合し、同時に、ブランソン(Branson)製の静止超音波装置(シリーズ2000)を使用して、干渉力の約2倍のせん断力を用いて、開口の底にピンを押し付けた。装置は、超音波装置のソノトロードに取付けられなかった。振動周波数が約20kHz、ソノトロードの遠位端での長手方向振幅が50〜90μmの範囲にある状態で、固着するステップを実行した。約0.3秒の固着時間の後で、装置を全体的に発泡体内に設置し、振動を停止した。
Claims (28)
- 第1及び第2の物体(1および5)を接合する方法であって、前記方法は、
前記第1及び第2の物体(1、5)を提供するステップを含み、前記第1の物体は第1の材料を含み、前記第2の物体は第2の材料を含み、前記第1の材料は固体であり、熱可塑特性を含み、前記第2の材料は固体であり、液化状態にある場合の前記第1の材料によって浸透可能であり、前記第1及び第2の物体(1、5)のうちの一方は深さ(D)を有する開口(2)をさらに含み、前記第1及び第2の物体(1、5)のうちの他方は長さ(L)を有する挿入部(6)をさらに含み、前記開口(2)および前記挿入部(6)は、前記挿入部(6)が前記開口(2)内に締まり嵌めで位置付けられるように互いに適合され、前記第1および第2の材料は、前記締まり嵌めで互いに押し付けられた挿入部(6)および開口(2)の対向表面区域の少なくとも一部を構成し、前記方法はさらに、
前記挿入部(6)を前記開口(2)内に配置して干渉力(20)を印加することによって、前記締まり嵌めを確立するステップと、
前記締まり嵌めの確立後、前記対向表面区域の近傍において前記第1の材料を液化させ、前記第1および第2の材料を相互浸透させるために、前記第1の材料を液化させることな可能なエネルギーを前記対向表面区域の近傍に伝達することによって、前記挿入部(6)を前記開口(2)内に固着するステップと、
前記固着するステップの間に液化された前記第1の材料を再固化させるためにエネルギーの伝達を停止するステップとを含む、方法。 - 前記固着するステップにおいて、伝達された前記エネルギーは機械的振動エネルギーである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記機械的振動エネルギーに加え、せん断力(22)が前記締まり嵌めに印加され、前記せん断力(22)は前記第1及び第2の物体(1、5)間に作用する、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記挿入部(6)は、前記開口(2)内に、前記長さ(L)が前記深さ(D)と実質的に平行な状態で配向され、前記締まり嵌めは、前記挿入部(6)の側面(7)と前記開口(2)の側壁(3)との間に確立される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記締まり嵌めは、前記長さ(L)および前記深さ(D)と実質的に平行に方向付けられ、かつ前記前記第1及び第2の物体(1、5)のうちの一つの近位面(9)に印加される前記干渉力(20)の助けにより、前記挿入部(6)を前記開口(2)内に押し込むことによって確立される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記せん断力(22)は、前記長さ(L)および前記深さ(D)と実質的に平行に方向付けられ、かつ前記第1及び第2の物体(1、5)のうちの一つの近位面(9)に印加される、請求項3〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記固着するステップの間、前記せん断力(22)によって生じる前記第1及び第2の物体(1、5)の互いに対する動きが防止または制限される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記動きは、前記挿入部(6)の遠位端(10)が前記開口(2)の底(4)に当接するように位置付けられることによって、開口断面における絞り(41)によって、もしくは前記開口(2)内に位置付けられた補助アンビル(40)によって、防止または制限される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の物体は前記開口(2)を含み、前記第1の物体は前記挿入部(6)を含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 干渉力(20)、機械的振動エネルギー、および、適用可能な場合にはせん断力(22)が、前記挿入部(6)を含む前記第1の物体に印加される、請求項2〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の物体は、全体的に前記第1の材料で作られている、請求項9〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の物体は、前記固着するステップの条件下で軟化または液化されない、さらに別の材料のコア(82)をさらに含む、請求項9〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記挿入部(6)の側面は、前記長さ(L)と実質的に平行に延在する隆起の形をしたエネルギー方向付け構造を含む、請求項9〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記開口(2)および前記挿入部(6)は、実質的に円筒形または円錐形である、請求項4〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記締まり嵌めを確立するステップおよび前記固着するステップの間、前記第2の材料は固体である、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の材料は、浸透可能な表面構造を含む、多孔質、繊維質のうちの一方である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の材料は、チップボード、ファイバーボード、木材、合板および厚紙のうちの1つである、請求項15または16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の材料は、少なくとも0.5GPaの弾性係数を有する熱可塑性ポリマーを含む、請求項1〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の材料は充填剤をさらに含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記挿入部(6)および前記開口(2)の断面は、前記締まり嵌めが前記断面の周囲の一部のみに制限されるように同じ形状を有さないことによって、互いに適合される、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記挿入部(6)および前記開口(2)の断面ペアリングは、前記開口(2)の前記深さ(D)に沿った所定区域に前記締まり嵌めが制限されるように、前記深さに沿って異なっている、請求項1〜20のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記締まり嵌めは、前記開口の口まで延在していない区域に制限され、前記開口の前記口には好ましくは、前記締まり嵌めが実質的にない、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記挿入部(6)は、前記第1及び第2の物体(1、5)のうちの一つであって前記挿入部(6)を含むものの近位側からアクセス可能である内側開口(70)を含み、前記締まり嵌めを確立するステップは、前記開口(2)に対して前記挿入部(6)を配置するサブステップと、その後、前記締まり嵌めを確立するために前記開口(2)内での前記挿入部(6)の膨張を引き起こすために、膨張要素(71)を前記内側開口(70)内に挿入するサブステップとを含む、請求項1〜22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜23のいずれか1項に記載の方法を自動で実行するための機械であって、
前記締まり嵌めを確立するために前記挿入部(6)を前記開口(2)内に挿入するための挿入手段(21、91)と、前記固着するステップを実行するための固着手段(21)とを含む、機械。 - 前記挿入手段を有する挿入ステーションと、それとは別個の固着ステーションとを含む、請求項24に記載の機械。
- 前記挿入ステーションから前記固着ステーションに第2の物体を搬送するための搬送手段をさらに含む、請求項25に記載の機械。
- 挿入するステップの前に前記開口を製造するための開口製造手段(93)を有する開口製造ステーションをさらに含む、請求項24〜26のいずれか1項に記載の機械。
- 請求項27に記載の機械を含み、第1の物体のストックをさらに含む、セットであって、前記第1の物体(5)の前記挿入部(6)と前記開口製造手段(93)とは、前記挿入部(6)を前記開口(2)内に挿入すると前記締まり嵌めが確立できるように、互いに適合されている、セット。
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PT2202050E (pt) * | 2008-12-23 | 2011-04-13 | Woodwelding Ag | Método de ancoragem de um conector e conector |
EP2450239B1 (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2014-03-19 | Inalfa Roof Systems Group B.V. | Method for connecting two objects and panel using said method |
ES2828654T3 (es) | 2012-01-13 | 2021-05-27 | Inter Ikea Sys Bv | Junta de mueble |
EP2920471B1 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2020-05-13 | WoodWelding AG | Method for connecting parts relative to one another |
WO2016054751A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 | 2016-04-14 | Woodwelding Ag | Anchoring a joining element in an object |
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