CN110343998B - 一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110343998B
CN110343998B CN201910674008.9A CN201910674008A CN110343998B CN 110343998 B CN110343998 B CN 110343998B CN 201910674008 A CN201910674008 A CN 201910674008A CN 110343998 B CN110343998 B CN 110343998B
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毛昌海
祖全先
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Arison Surface Technology Suzhou Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种印刷电路板钻针ta‑C涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:1)在真空条件下通入氩气和氢气的混合气体利用离子源对钻针进行蚀刻;2)再用氩气采用负偏压对钻针离子蚀刻;3)在钻针工作面表面沉积金属Cr底层;4)对钻针施加高脉冲负偏压,使石墨靶产生的碳原子注入到Cr底层中;5)降低负偏压继续沉积碳原子,形成ta‑C功能层;本发明提供的一种印刷电路板钻针ta‑C涂层及其制备方法,可使钻针的使用寿命提升5‑10倍,尤其可以加工超厚的印刷电路板和不涂层钻针难以加工的高硬度板。

Description

一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及印刷电路板钻孔工具涂层技术领域,具体涉及一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
印刷电路板(PCB)是由导电层和介电层组成的复合材料,其中介电层由树脂和玻璃纤维组成。钻孔是PCB加工中常用的到的技术之一,甚至钻孔成本可占到印刷电路板制造成本的40%。钻孔一般采用微细钻针,其材质为硬质合金,具有很高的硬度和良好的耐磨性。但随着PCB孔径越来越细小,PCB板材的密度越来越高,普通硬质合金的微细钻针磨损速度极快,加工成本迅速升高。为了提高微细钻针的使用寿命,几十年来人们进行了不断地尝试,例如表面渗氮(碳)、使用高硬度氮化物硬质涂层、涂覆低摩擦系数涂层等。
其中ta-C涂层(四面体非晶碳)被证明是一种可以有效增加微细钻针使用寿命的表面处理技术。Ta-C涂层由碳原子构成,其化学结构类似于金刚石,sp3键含量为80%以上,相对于普通DLC涂层具有更高的显微硬度和热稳定性。微细钻针用的ta-C涂层厚度只有几百个纳米便可达到很好的防护效果,同时有利于保证钻孔的精度。
ta-C涂层的硬度在4000HV以上,具有很高的内应力,因此不易附着在硬质合金或其他材料表面,这也是限制其商业化应用的技术难题之一,目前市场上成功推广应用的ta-C涂层微细钻针并不多。在已申请的很多专利中,大多采用碳原子与金属或金属氮化物共掺杂的方法来提升附着力并取得了一定效果,但涂层硬度受到了极大损失,导致耐磨性能下降。
针对ta-C涂层附着效果较差的问题,亟待一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层及其制备方法的出现,可使钻针的使用寿命提升5-10倍,尤其可以加工超厚的印刷电路板和不涂层钻针难以加工的高硬度板。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提出了一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层及其制备方法,可使钻针的使用寿命提升5-10倍,尤其可以加工超厚的印刷电路板和不涂层钻针难以加工的高硬度板。
为了达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)在真空条件下通入氩气和氢气的混合气体利用离子源对钻针进行蚀刻;
2)再用氩气采用负偏压对钻针离子蚀刻;
3)在钻针工作面表面沉积金属Cr底层;
4)对钻针施加高脉冲负偏压,使石墨靶产生的碳原子注入到金属Cr底层中,形成碳离子注入层;
5)降低负偏压继续沉积碳原子,在碳离子注入层形成ta-C功能层。
本发明提供的一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层及其制备方法,可使钻针的使用寿命提升5-10倍,尤其可以加工超厚的印刷电路板和不涂层钻针难以加工的高硬度板。
在上述技术方案的基础上,还可做如下改进:
作为优选的方案,步骤1)中所述的氩气和氢气混合气体采用流量控制比例为1/10-10/1。
作为优选的方案,步骤2)中采用氩气蚀刻时负偏压为100-300V。
作为优选的方案,步骤3)中所述的金属Cr底层厚度为50-1000nm,所述的金属Cr底层通过磁控溅射或多弧离子镀工艺沉积于钻针工作面表面。
作为优选的方案,步骤4)中碳原子注入到金属Cr底层过程中施加的高脉冲负偏压为600-1200V,碳原子通过电弧石墨靶提供,电弧电流为30-150A。
作为优选的方案,步骤5)中所述的ta-C功能层沉积负偏压可选用直流或脉冲模式,负偏压为50-300V,所述的ta-C功能层厚度为50-2000nm。
作为优选的方案,一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层,包括:钻针,金属Cr底层,碳离子注入层和ta-C功能层,所述钻针工作面表面上依次沉积有金属Cr底层,碳离子注入层和ta-C功能层。
作为优选的方案,所述金属Cr底层通过纯金属Cr靶沉积。
作为优选的方案,所述碳离子注入层化学组成为Cr/Cr+碳/碳的层间结构。
作为优选的方案,所述ta-C功能层通过石墨靶采用电弧离子镀原理沉积而成。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层的结构图;
其中:1.钻针,2.金属Cr底层,3.碳离子注入层,4.ta-C功能层。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的优选实施方式。
为了达到本发明的目的,如图1所示,本实施例中的一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)在真空条件下通入氩气和氢气的混合气体利用离子源对钻针1进行蚀刻;
2)再用氩气采用负偏压对钻针1离子蚀刻;
3)在钻针工作面表面沉积金属Cr底层2;
4)对钻针施加高脉冲负偏压,使石墨靶产生的碳原子注入到金属Cr底层2中,形成碳离子注入层3;
5)降低负偏压继续沉积碳原子,在碳离子注入层3上形成ta-C功能层4。
本发明提供的一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层及其制备方法,可使钻针的使用寿命提升5-10倍,尤其可以加工超厚的印刷电路板和不涂层钻针难以加工的高硬度板。
在一些实施例中,步骤1)中所述的氩气和氢气混合气体采用流量控制比例为1/10-10/1。
在一些实施例中,步骤2)中采用氩气蚀刻时负偏压为100-300V。
在一些实施例中,步骤3)中所述的金属Cr底层2厚度为50-1000nm,所述的金属Cr底层2通过磁控溅射或多弧离子镀工艺沉积于钻针1工作面表面。
在一些实施例中,步骤4)中碳原子注入到金属Cr底层2过程中施加的高脉冲负偏压为600-1200V,碳原子通过电弧石墨靶提供,电弧电流为30-150A。
在一些实施例中,步骤5)中所述的ta-C功能层沉积负偏压可选用直流或脉冲模式,负偏压为50-300V,所述的ta-C功能层4厚度为50-2000nm。
在一些实施例中,一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层,包括:钻针1,金属Cr底层2,碳离子注入层3和ta-C功能层4,所述钻针1工作面表面上依次沉积有金属Cr底层2,碳离子注入层3和ta-C功能层4。
在一些实施例中,所述金属Cr底层通过纯金属Cr靶沉积。
在一些实施例中,所述碳离子注入层3化学组成为Cr/Cr+碳/碳的层间结构。
在一些实施例中,所述ta-C功能层4通过石墨靶采用电弧离子镀原理沉积而成。
一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
1)用工业清洗线清洗钻针1;
2)将钻针1装入刀盘和炉架上,放入涂层炉内,保持转动;
3)真空抽至5e-4mBar以下,加热至150-350℃;
4)通入氩气和氢气混合气体,炉内压力在0.1-10Pa,开启离子室使氩气电离进行蚀刻,蚀刻时间10-60分钟;
5)关闭氢气,只通入氩气,保持离子室开启和氩气电离,对炉架施加负偏压,继续进行离子蚀刻时间10-60分钟;
6)通入氩气,开启Cr靶,对炉架施加20-200V偏压,在钻针工作表面沉积金属Cr层;
7)关闭Cr靶,将温度保持在100-300℃,对炉架施加600-1200V脉冲负偏压,开启电弧石墨靶,电弧电流30-150A,用碳离子轰击钻针,形成碳离子注入层3;
8)将负偏压调至50-300V,选用直流或脉冲模式,在碳离子注入层3上直接沉积ta-C功能层4;
9)涂层完成后,通入冷却气体,将炉温降至120℃以内,取出钻针1。
本发明提供的一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层的制备方法,在Ar离子蚀刻前采用氢气蚀刻增强钻针表面的清洁程度,可以降低钻针和夹具上氧化物带来的影响,增加涂层效果的稳定性。在涂层的功能层和钻针基材之间,采用碳离子注入的Cr金属层作为过渡层,进一步增强了ta-C功能层和金属Cr层之间的亲和性。采用本发明沉积的ta-C涂层硬度在5000-6000HV,划痕附着力达到40N以上。本发明0.15-0.3mm钻针的使用寿命可以达到未涂层钻针的5-10倍甚至更高。
本发明中提供的一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层的结构,所述钻针1工作面表面上从下往上依次沉积有金属Cr底层2,碳离子注入层3和ta-C功能层4,其中金属Cr底层2为纯金属Cr靶沉积,厚度为50-1000nm,用来增强涂层与硬质合金基材钻针1之间的附着效果。碳离子注入层3是利用高偏压注入原理在金属Cr底层2的表面形成的一层过渡层,化学组成上形成Cr/Cr+碳/碳的层间结构,可以降低金属Cr底层2与ta-C功能层4之间的层间应力,碳离子注入层3的深度由注入时间和偏压强度有关。ta-C功能层4是完全由石墨靶采用电弧离子镀原理沉积而成,厚度50-2000nm,具有非常高的硬度和耐磨效果。采用本发明沉积的印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层硬度在5000-6000HV,划痕附着力达到40N以上。本发明0.15-0.3mm钻针的使用寿命可以达到未涂层钻针的5-10倍甚至更高。
一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
用工业清洗线清洗钻针1;将钻针1装入刀盘和炉架上,放入涂层炉内,保持转动;真空抽至5e-4mBar以下,加热至230℃;通入氩气和氢气,分别为100sccm和1000sccm,开启离子室使氩气电离进行蚀刻,蚀刻时间60分钟;关闭氢气,只通入氩气,保持离子室开启和氩气电离,对炉架施加负偏压,继续进行离子蚀刻时间20分钟;通入氩气,开启Cr靶,对炉架施加100V负偏压,沉积金属Cr底层2;关闭Cr靶,对炉架施加800V脉冲负偏压,开启电弧石墨靶,电弧电流120A,用碳离子轰击钻针15分钟,形成碳离子注入层3;将负偏压调至直流模式负200V,在碳离子注入层3上直接沉积ta-C功能层40分钟;涂层完成后,通入冷却气体,将炉温降至120℃以内,取出钻针1。按此方法制备的印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层划痕附着力在50N以上,纳米硬度4000-5500HV,本发明采用0.2mm涂层钻针钻孔数量比不涂层钻针时提升12倍。
一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
用工业清洗线清洗钻针;将钻针1装入刀盘和炉架上,放入涂层炉内,保持转动;真空抽至5e-4mBar以下,加热至180℃;通入氩气和氢气,分别为200sccm和400sccm,开启离子室使氩气电离进行蚀刻,蚀刻时间20分钟;关闭氢气,只通入氩气,保持离子室开启和氩气电离,对炉架施加负偏压,继续进行离子蚀刻时间20分钟;通入氩气,开启Cr靶,对炉架施加80V负偏压,沉积金属Cr底层;关闭Cr靶,对炉架施加1000V脉冲负偏压,开启电弧石墨靶,电弧电流80A,用碳离子轰击钻针12分钟,形成碳离子注入层3;将负偏压调至直流模式负180V,在碳离子注入层3上直接沉积ta-C功能层35分钟;涂层完成后,通入冷却气体,将炉温降至120℃以内,取出钻针1。按此方法制备的印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层划痕附着力在50N以上,纳米硬度5000-6000HV,本发明采用0.2mm涂层钻针钻孔数量比不涂层钻针时提升10倍。
一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
用工业清洗线清洗钻针;将钻针1装入刀盘和炉架上,放入涂层炉内,保持转动;真空抽至5e-4mBar以下,加热至300℃;通入氩气和氢气,分别为100sccm和800sccm,开启离子室使氩气电离进行蚀刻,蚀刻时间20分钟;关闭氢气,只通入氩气,保持离子室开启和氩气电离,对炉架施加负偏压,继续进行离子蚀刻时间20分钟;通入氩气,开启Cr靶,对炉架施加80V负偏压,沉积金属Cr底层;关闭Cr靶,对炉架施加1000V脉冲负偏压,开启电弧石墨靶,电弧电流80A,用碳离子轰击钻针12分钟,形成碳离子注入层3;将温度降低至150℃,将负偏压调至直流模式负180V,在碳离子注入层3上直接沉积ta-C功能层20分钟;涂层完成后,通入冷却气体,将炉温降至120℃以内,取出钻针1。按此方法制备的印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层划痕附着力在50N以上,纳米硬度5000-6000HV,本发明采用0.2mm涂层钻针钻孔数量比不涂层钻针时提升8倍。
一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层的制备方法,具有以下有益效果:
1)采用氢气蚀刻增强钻针表面的清洁程度,可以降低钻针和夹具上氧化物带来的影响,增加涂层效果的稳定性;
2)采用碳离子注入的Cr金属层作为过渡,进一步增强了ta-C功能层和金属Cr层之间的亲和性。
以上的仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)在真空条件下通入氩气和氢气的混合气体利用离子源对钻针进行蚀刻;所述的氩气和氢气混合气体采用流量控制比例为1/10-10/1;
2)再用氩气采用负偏压对钻针离子蚀刻;
3)在钻针工作面表面沉积金属Cr底层;
4)对钻针施加高脉冲负偏压,使石墨靶产生的碳原子注入到金属Cr底层中,形成碳离子注入层;所述碳离子注入层化学组成为Cr/Cr+碳/碳的层间结构;碳原子注入到金属Cr底层过程中施加的高脉冲负偏压为600-1200V,碳原子通过电弧石墨靶提供,电弧电流为30-150A;
5)降低负偏压继续沉积碳原子,在碳离子注入层形成ta-C功能层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中采用氩气蚀刻时负偏压为100-300V。
3.根据权利要求1所述的印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中所述的金属Cr底层厚度为50-1000nm,所述的金属Cr底层通过磁控溅射或多弧离子镀工艺沉积于钻针工作面表面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤5)中所述的ta-C功能层沉积负偏压可选用直流或脉冲模式,负偏压为50-300V,所述的ta-C功能层厚度为50-2000nm。
5.一种印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层,其特征在于,包括:钻针,金属Cr底层,碳离子注入层和ta-C功能层,所述钻针工作面表面上依次沉积有金属Cr底层,碳离子注入层和ta-C功能层;所述碳离子注入层化学组成为Cr/Cr+碳/碳的层间结构;所述碳离子注入层通过碳原子注入到金属Cr底层过程中施加的高脉冲负偏压为600-1200V,碳原子通过电弧石墨靶提供,电弧电流为30-150A制备而成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层,其特征在于,所述金属Cr底层通过纯金属Cr靶沉积。
7.据权利要求5或6所述的印刷电路板钻针ta-C涂层,其特征在于,所述ta-C功能层通过石墨靶采用电弧离子镀原理沉积而成。
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