CN110330591A - 一类含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一类含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
- B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
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Abstract
本发明公开了一类含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物及其制备方法和应用。所述聚合物是具有如下通式Ⅰ:上述聚合物是通过将:通式化合物与
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物及其制备方法和应用。具体说,是涉及一类含有双齿亚磷酰胺膦配体多孔聚合物及其制备方法,该聚合物负载铑催化剂可以高效催化炔烃的氢甲酰化反应,属于有机化学技术领域。
技术背景
氢甲酰化反应是指烯烃和CO/H2在催化剂的作用下生成醛的过程。相比较烯烃的氢甲酰化反应,炔烃的氢甲酰化反应研究较少。炔烃的氢甲酰化反应是指炔烃和CO/H2在催化剂的作用下生成α,β-不饱和醛的过程。合成的α,β-不饱和醛在配制香料及有机合成中的具有重要的作用。发展至今,该类反应仍然有很多困难需要克服:第一,反应中容易生成氢化产物;第二,反应的区域选择性和立体选择性有待提高;第三,催化剂的活性较低;第四,催化剂的循环回收问题尚未解决。因此基于以上问题,本专利成功开发了一类具有膦配体多孔有机聚合物,该聚合物负载铑构建的非均相催化剂在炔烃氢甲酰化反应中的表现出高的催化活性、选择性和循环性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一类含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物及其制备方法和应用,为非均相催化炔烃氢甲酰化增添一类新催化剂。
本发明所述的含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物,其具有如下结构通式I:
上述通式中:
R1、R2、R3、R4分别选自
R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10分别独立选自氢、磺酸基、卤素、腈基、C1~C12的烷烃基、C1~C10的烷氧基、
其中:Rx分别独立选自氢、磺酸基、卤素、腈基、C1~C10的烷烃基、C1~C10的烷氧基、C1~C10的烷酰基;
R分别选自
m与n的比例为1:1~1:20。
一种制备上述具有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物的的制备方法,将通式2中化合物1与R的烯烃前体进行聚合反应,得到聚合物I,反应通式如下所示:
所述通式2中,化合物1由化合物2与磷氯进行反应得到,反应通式如下所示:
上述通式中的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10及R的含义均同权利要求1中所述。
上述通式3化合物2由通式4反应得到,反应通式4如下所示:
上述通式中的R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10的含义均同上所述。
本发明所述的含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物是一种应用,是用于催化炔烃的氢甲酰化反应。
作为一种优选方案,首先使所述具有双齿亚磷酰胺配体的多孔有机聚合物与过渡金属盐形成催化剂,然后用于催化炔烃的氢甲酰化反应。
作为进一步优选方案,上述催化剂的制备包括如下步骤:在惰性气体下,将所述含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物与过渡金属盐加入有机溶剂中,在0~100℃搅拌反应0.1~20小时,除去溶剂,得到聚合物I/金属盐催化剂。
作为更进一步优选方案,所述具有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物与所述过渡金属盐的质量比为1:1~500:1,以10:1~100:1最佳。
作为更进一步优选方案,所述过渡金属盐为Rh。
作为更进一步优选方案,所述Rh盐为Rh(acac)(CO)2、Rh(acac)(C2H4)、[Rh(C2H4)2Cl]2、[Rh(COD)Cl]2、[Rh(NBD)Cl]2、[Rh(NBD)2]Z、[Rh(COD)2]Z、[Rh(CO)2Cl]2、Rh(PPh3)Cl或Rh(CO)2Cl2。其中:Z代表BF4、ClO4、OTf、SbF6、CH3SO3、B[C6H3(CF3)2)]4、Cl、Br或I;acac代表乙酰丙酮,COD代表环辛二烯,NBD代表二环庚二烯,Ar代表芳基,cymen代表甲基异丙苯,dba代表PhCH=CHCOCH=CHPh,allyl代表烯丙基。
作为更进一步优选方案,所述惰性气氛为氩气氛或氮气氛;所述有机溶剂选自苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯、乙醚、四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、氯仿、二氯甲烷。
作为进一步优选方案,在惰性气氛下,向含有催化剂的反应釜中加入烯烃底物、CO和H2,在0~300℃条件下进行氢甲酰化反应;所述烯烃底物为芳基炔烃和脂肪族炔烃;所述炔烃底物与所述催化剂中Rh的摩尔比为100:1~100000:1,CO压力为0.5~200大气压,H2压力为0.5~200大气压。
作为更进一步优选方案,所述炔烃底物与所述催化剂(基于Rh)的摩尔比为10000:1~50000:1,CO压力为5~50大气压,H2压力为5~50大气压;所述炔烃是C2~C50的端炔或者内炔烃。。
作为更进一步优选方案,所述炔烃底物具有以下特征:
R1、R2分别选自氢、酯基、腈基、C1~C12的烷烃基、C1~C10的烷氧基。其中:Rx分别独立选自氢、磺酸基、卤素、腈基、C1~C10的烷烃基、C1~C10的烷氧基、C1~C10的烷酰基。
作为更进一步优选方案,所述惰性气氛为氩气氛或氮气氛。
作为进一步优选方案,所述含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物选自如下结构:
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下显著效果:
1.本发明提供的含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物负载催化剂,用于炔烃的氢甲酰化反应,均具有高催化速率(催化剂用量最低至0.002mol%)、好的选择性和循环性。
2.本发明提供的含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物负载催化剂的制备方法简单,反应条件温和,收率可高达98%,适于规模化生产,具有实用价值。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细、完整地说明。
实施例1
下述实施例中所用的乙烯基联萘二酚通过如下方法制备而得,具体为:
乙烯基联萘二酚的制备
在氮气保护下,反应瓶中加入原料500mg,C2H3BF3K(664mg,4.9mmol),THF(6mL)和水(1mL),加热回流24小时,产物经柱层析分离提纯。将得到的产物(200mg)、甲醇(6.2mL)、水(3.1mL)和饱和NaHCO3(6.2mL)进一步加入到反应瓶中,加热混合物至50℃,反应5小时。得到粗产物经柱层析分离提纯得到乙烯基联苯二酚。产物表征如下:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.95(d,J=10.0Hz,2H),7.83(s,2H),7.49(d,J=10.0Hz,2H),7.39(d,J=10.0Hz,2H),7.13(d,J=10.0Hz,2H),6.88(dd,J=20.0,10.0Hz,2H),5.82(d,J=20.0Hz,2H),5.32(d,J=10.0Hz,2H),5.16(s,2H)ppm.
实施例2
合成
在氩气气氛下,向100mL的Schlenk管里分别加入二吡咯磷氯(131.0mg,1.9mmol),无水三乙胺(0.09mL,0.69mmol)和无水四氢呋喃(6mL),降温至0℃,滴加6,6’-二乙烯基-2,2’-联萘二酚(112mg,0.35mmol)无水四氢呋喃(6mL)溶液,缓慢升温至室温并搅拌过夜,停止反应,减压旋去溶剂,柱层析(淋洗剂:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1/10)分离得到无色油状物203.3mg,收率88%。1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz):δ7.92(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),7.87(s,2H),7.33(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.07(s,2H),7.24-7.20(m,2H),6.96-6.90(m,2H),6.58(d,J=25.0Hz,8H),6.20(d,J=25.0Hz,8H),5.88(d,J=17.0Hz,2H),5.39(d,J=11.5Hz,2H)ppm.13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ149.2(d,J=12.0Hz),136.4,134.5,133.2,130.9,130.5,126.3,126.0,124.5,122.5,121.0(d,J=14.4Hz),120.9(d,J=13.9Hz),119.5(d,J=10.1Hz),114.3,112.1(d,J=1.8Hz)ppm;31P NMR(161MHz,CDCl3):δ108.9ppm。
实施例3
聚合物I1合成
在氮气气氛下,向50mL的旋塞瓶中分别加入无水四氢呋喃(11.0mL),共聚单元(225.0mg,0.34mol)和(460.0mg,1.36mmol)。最后加入25.0mg的引发剂AIBN。室温下搅拌10min后,在100℃下反应24h,产物经离心分离,四氢呋喃洗涤(3×10mL)旋蒸后得白色的固体(640.0mg)。
实施例4
聚合物I2合成
在氮气气氛下,向50mL的旋塞瓶中分别加入无水四氢呋喃(11.0mL),共聚单元(230mg,0.68mol)和苯乙烯(594mg,6.1mmol)。最后加入25.0mg的引发剂AIBN。室温下搅拌10min后,在100℃下反应24h,产物经离心分离,四氢呋喃洗涤(3×10mL)旋蒸后得白色的固体(760.1mg)。
实施例5
聚合物I3合成
在氮气气氛下,向50mL的旋塞瓶中分别加入无水四氢呋喃(11.0mL),共聚单元(115mg,0.34mol)和(304.3mg,0.8mmol)。最后加入25.0mg的引发剂AIBN。室温下搅拌10min后,在100℃下反应24h,产物经离心分离,四氢呋喃洗涤(3×10mL)旋蒸后得白色的固体(400.0mg)。
实施例6
如下具有膦配体有机聚合物I1负载铑催化剂的合成
在氮气气氛下,向一100mL的Schlenk管里分别加入(650mg),Rh(acac)(CO)2(13mg,0.0504mmol)和无水四氢呋喃(10mL)。在室温下搅拌24h后,用无水甲苯洗涤反应产物后离心分离,如此离心洗涤三次。最后,减压旋蒸出去甲苯,再用油泵抽3h,得到催化剂Rh/I1(640mg)。
实施例7
如下具有膦配体有机聚合物I2负载铑催化剂的合成
在氮气气氛下,向一100mL的Schlenk管里分别加入(550mg),Rh(acac)(CO)2(13mg,0.0504mmol)和无水四氢呋喃(10mL)。在室温下搅拌24h后,用无水甲苯洗涤反应产物后离心分离,如此离心洗涤三次。最后,减压旋蒸出去甲苯,再用油泵抽3h,得到催化剂Rh/I2(500mg)。
实施例8
如下具有膦配体有机聚合物I3负载铑催化剂的合成
在氮气气氛下,向一100mL的Schlenk管里分别加入(800mg),Rh(acac)(CO)2(13mg,0.0504mmol)和无水四氢呋喃(10mL)。在室温下搅拌24h后,用无水甲苯洗涤反应产物后离心分离,如此离心洗涤三次。最后,减压旋蒸出去甲苯,再用油泵抽3h,得到催化剂Rh/I3(700mg)。
实施例9
Rh/I1催化剂催化二苯乙炔(底物:催化剂=1x103)的氢甲酰化反应
在手套箱里,向100mL反应釜加入催化剂(2.7mg)和二苯乙炔(95mg,0.516mmol)。然后充入CO置换釜内氮气三次,再充入CO(5atm)和H2(5atm),油浴70℃下搅拌反应20h。反应完成后,用冰水浴冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢放掉合成气,加入对二甲苯(30μL)作为内标物,搅拌均匀后测气相。E/Z比为96.1,E式醛的摩尔百份含量为90.1%。
实施例10
Rh/I1催化剂催化二苯乙炔(底物:催化剂=5x104)的氢甲酰化反应
在手套箱里,向100mL反应釜加入催化剂(2.8mg)和二苯乙炔(4750mg,25.8mmol)。然后充入CO置换釜内氮气三次,再充入CO(5atm)和H2(5atm),油浴70℃下搅拌反应10h。反应完成后,用冰水浴冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢放掉合成气,然后充入CO(5atm)和H2(5atm),继续反应10h,如此反应2次。最后,加入癸烷(30uL)作为内标物,搅拌均匀后测气相。E/Z比为123,E式醛的摩尔百份含量为90.4%。
实施例11
聚合物Rh/I1催化剂催化二苯乙炔(底物:催化剂=1x103)的氢甲酰化反应循环测试。
在手套箱里,向100mL反应釜加入催化剂(28mg)和二苯乙炔(950mg,5.16mmol)。然后充入CO置换釜内氮气三次,再充入CO(5atm)和H2(5atm),油浴70℃下搅拌反应20h。反应完成后,用冰水浴冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢放掉合成气,将反应体系离心分离出上层产物和下层催化剂。分离出的催化剂在手套箱里加入反应釜内和加入二苯乙炔(950mg,5.16mmol)。然后充入CO置换釜内氮气三次,再充入CO(5atm)和H2(5atm),油浴70℃下搅拌反应20h。上层产物加入对二甲苯(30uL)作为内标物,搅拌均匀后测气相。如此循环5次。具体测试数据如下:
实施例12
Rh/I1催化剂催化1,2-二(4-甲基苯)乙炔的氢甲酰化反应
在手套箱里,向100mL反应釜加入催化剂(2.7mg)和1,2-二(4-甲基苯)乙炔(106mg,0.516mmol)。然后充入CO置换釜内氮气三次,再充入CO(5atm)和H2(5atm),油浴70℃下搅拌反应20h。反应完成后,用冰水浴冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢放掉合成气,加入对二甲苯(30μL)作为内标物,搅拌均匀后测气相。E/Z比为47.0,E式醛的摩尔百份含量为88.0%。
实施例13
Rh/I1催化剂催化1,2-二(4-甲氧基苯)乙炔的氢甲酰化反应
在手套箱里,向100mL反应釜加入催化剂(2.7mg)和1,2-二(4-甲氧基苯)乙炔(123.0mg,0.516mmol)。然后充入CO置换釜内氮气三次,再充入CO(5atm)和H2(5atm),油浴70℃下搅拌反应20h。反应完成后,用冰水浴冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢放掉合成气,加入对二甲苯(30μL)作为内标物,搅拌均匀后测气相。E/Z比为56.0,E式醛的摩尔百份含量为86.3%。
实施例14
Rh/I1催化剂催化1,2-二(3-甲基苯)乙炔的氢甲酰化反应
在手套箱里,向100mL反应釜加入催化剂(2.7mg)和1,2-二(4-甲氧基苯)乙炔(106mg,0.516mmol)。然后充入CO置换釜内氮气三次,再充入CO(5atm)和H2(5atm),油浴70℃下搅拌反应20h。反应完成后,用冰水浴冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢放掉合成气,加入对二甲苯(30μL)作为内标物,搅拌均匀后测气相。E/Z比为52.4,E式醛的摩尔百份含量为87.0%。
实施例15
Rh/I1催化剂催化1,2-二(4-溴苯)乙炔的氢甲酰化反应
在手套箱里,向100mL反应釜加入催化剂(2.7mg)和1,2-二(4-溴苯)乙炔(173.3mg,0.516mmol)。然后充入CO置换釜内氮气三次,再充入CO(5atm)和H2(5atm),油浴70℃下搅拌反应20h。反应完成后,用冰水浴冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢放掉合成气,加入对二甲苯(30μL)作为内标物,搅拌均匀后测气相。E/Z比为51.9,E式醛的摩尔百份含量为65.2%。
实施例16
Rh/I1催化剂催化1,2-二(3-甲酰基苯)乙炔的氢甲酰化反应
在手套箱里,向100mL反应釜加入催化剂(2.7mg)和1,2-二(4-溴苯)乙炔(121.0mg,0.516mmol)。然后充入CO置换釜内氮气三次,再充入CO(5atm)和H2(5atm),油浴70℃下搅拌反应20h。反应完成后,用冰水浴冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢放掉合成气,加入对二甲苯(30μL)作为内标物,搅拌均匀后测气相。E/Z比为13.8,E式醛的摩尔百份含量为70.2%。
实施例17
Rh/I1催化剂催化3-庚炔的氢甲酰化反应
在手套箱里,向100mL反应釜加入催化剂(2.7mg)和3-庚炔(42.4mg,0.516mmol)。然后充入CO置换釜内氮气三次,再充入CO(5atm)和H2(5atm),油浴70℃下搅拌反应20h。反应完成后,用冰水浴冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢放掉合成气,加入对二甲苯(30μL)作为内标物,搅拌均匀后测气相。E/Z比为75.6,E式醛的摩尔百份含量为97.1%。
实施例18
Rh/I1催化剂催化4-辛炔的氢甲酰化反应
在手套箱里,向100mL反应釜加入催化剂(2.7mg)和4-辛炔(57mg,0.516mmol)。然后充入CO置换釜内氮气三次,再充入CO(5atm)和H2(5atm),油浴70℃下搅拌反应20h。反应完成后,用冰水浴冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢放掉合成气,加入对二甲苯(30μL)作为内标物,搅拌均匀后测气相。E/Z比为76.1,E式醛的摩尔百份含量为96.1%。
实施例19
Rh/I2催化剂催化二苯乙炔(底物:催化剂=5x103)的氢甲酰化反应
在手套箱里,向100mL反应釜加入催化剂(2.7mg)和二苯乙炔(495mg,0.516mmol)。然后充入CO置换釜内氮气三次,再充入CO(5atm)和H2(5atm),油浴70℃下搅拌反应20h。反应完成后,用冰水浴冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢放掉合成气,加入对二甲苯(30μL)作为内标物,搅拌均匀后测气相。E/Z比为94.1,E式醛的摩尔百份含量为80.3%。
实施例20
Rh/I3催化剂催化二苯乙炔(底物:催化剂=50x103)的氢甲酰化反应
在手套箱里,向100mL反应釜加入催化剂(2.7mg)和二苯乙炔(4750mg,0.516mmol)。然后充入CO置换釜内氮气三次,再充入CO(5atm)和H2(5atm),油浴70℃下搅拌反应20h。反应完成后,用冰水浴冷却反应釜至室温,缓慢放掉合成气,加入对二甲苯(30μL)作为内标物,搅拌均匀后测气相。E/Z比为91.1,E式醛的摩尔百份含量为81.6%。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其进行限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所要求保护的技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (12)
1.一类含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物,具有如下结构通式I:
上述通式中:
R1、R2、R3、R4分别独立选自
R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10分别独立选自氢、磺酸基、卤素、腈基、C1~C12的烷烃基、C1~C10的烷氧基、
其中:Rx分别独立选自氢、磺酸基、卤素、腈基、C1~C10的烷烃基、C1~C10的烷氧基、C1~C10的烷酰基;
R分别选自
其中:m与n的比例为1:1~1:20。
2.一种权利要求1所述的含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物的的制备方法,其特征在于:将通式2中化合物1与R的烯烃前体进行聚合反应,得到聚合物I,反应通式如下所示:
所述通式2中,化合物1由化合物2与磷氯进行反应得到,反应通式如下所示:
上述通式中的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10及R的含义均同权利要求1中所述。
上述通式3化合物2由通式4反应得到,反应通式4如下所示:
上述通式中的R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10的含义均同权利要求1所述。
3.一种根据权利要求1所述的含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物的应用,其特征在于:用于催化炔烃的氢甲酰化反应。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:首先使用所述含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物与过渡金属盐形成催化剂,然后用于催化炔烃的氢甲酰化反应。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物选自如下结构:
6.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述催化剂的制备包括如下步骤:在惰性气体下,将所述含有膦配体的多孔有机聚合物与过渡金属盐加入有机溶剂中,在0~100℃搅拌反应0.1~20小时,除去溶剂,得到聚合物I/金属盐催化剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:所述含有膦配体的有机聚合物与所述过渡金属盐的质量比为1:1~500:1。
8.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:所述惰性气氛为氩气氛或氮气氛;所述有机溶剂选自苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三甲苯、乙醚、四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、乙二醇二甲醚、氯仿、二氯甲烷。
9.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于:所述过渡金属盐为Rh盐。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于:所述Rh盐为Rh(acac)(CO)2、Rh(acac)(C2H4)、[Rh(C2H4)2Cl]2、[Rh(COD)Cl]2、[Rh(NBD)Cl]2、[Rh(NBD)2]Z、[Rh(COD)2]Z、[Rh(CO)2Cl]2、Rh(PPh3)Cl或Rh(CO)2Cl2;Z代表BF4、ClO4、OTf、SbF6、CH3SO3、B[C6H3(CF3)2)]4、Cl、Br或I;acac代表乙酰丙酮,COD代表环辛二烯,NBD代表二环庚二烯,Ar代表芳基,cymen代表甲基异丙苯,dba代表PhCH=CHCOCH=CHPh,allyl代表烯丙基。
11.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于:将所述催化剂用于催化炔烃的氢甲酰化反应的操作如下:在惰性气氛下,向含有催化剂的反应釜中加入炔烃底物、CO和H2,在0~300℃条件下进行氢甲酰化反应;所述烯烃底物为芳基炔烃和脂肪族炔烃;所述炔烃底物与所述催化剂中Rh的摩尔比为100:1~100000:1,CO压力为0.5~200大气压,H2压力为0.5~200大气压。
12.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的炔烃是C2~C50的端炔或者内炔烃。
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