CN110329420A - The mechanical connecting structure and method of composite material superstructure and steel main hull - Google Patents
The mechanical connecting structure and method of composite material superstructure and steel main hull Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110329420A CN110329420A CN201910345118.0A CN201910345118A CN110329420A CN 110329420 A CN110329420 A CN 110329420A CN 201910345118 A CN201910345118 A CN 201910345118A CN 110329420 A CN110329420 A CN 110329420A
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- Prior art keywords
- composite material
- flanging
- composite
- upper connector
- support element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B71/00—Designing vessels; Predicting their performance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B73/00—Building or assembling vessels or marine structures, e.g. hulls or offshore platforms
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B1/00—Devices for securing together, or preventing relative movement between, constructional elements or machine parts
- F16B1/02—Means for securing elements of mechanisms after operation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
Abstract
The present invention provides the mechanical connecting structure of a kind of composite material superstructure and steel main hull, including the composite panel of wall, lower support element, upper connector, bolt of long stem and short-rod bolt under superstructure;Composite panel is equipped with the flanging to hull infolding;Lower support element is fixedly connected with steel main hull;Upper connector is arranged on flanging, and upper connector upper surface, upper connector inner surface, composite panel inside and flanging exposed portion have pasted sealed composite material layer, is fixed on upper connector on flanging;It is equipped with the through-hole being connected on upper connector, flanging and lower support element, is filled in through-hole after enhancing composite material, then be fixedly connected with upper connector, flanging with lower support element by bolt of long stem;The outer surface of lower support element pastes the composite material water fender connecting with composite panel, and composite material water fender is connect with lower support element by short-rod bolt.The reliability of connection can be improved using the present invention, the load of receiving is bigger.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ship superstructures and main hull connection area, and in particular to a kind of composite material superstructure with
The mechanical connecting structure and method of steel main hull.
Background technique
Composite material is made of the different material of two or more property, and main component is reinforcing material and matrix material
Material.Compared to traditional steel material, composite material has material and structural identity, designability be strong and lightweight, preferable anti-
Fatigue behaviour, resistance to touching property, the distinguishing features such as corrosion resistance.Although composite property is outstanding, its application in ship domain
But still it is in the starting stage, application range other military industries such as aircraft, rocket that are far from are extensive.Current sightseeing boat, yacht are
The composite material that lightweight is used to the superstructure expectation on naval vessel, can reduce ship center of gravity, improve stability, more may be used for naval vessel
Improve stealth.And main hull structure uses steel, since the difference in material properties of composite material and steel is big, between the two
It connects more difficult.Vertical force and horizontal shear are passed to upper layer by connection structure and built by main hull under longitudinal bending effect
It builds, during ship constantly undergoes hogging to hang down in, connection structure carrying is larger, and by cyclic loading, to reliability
More demanding, type of attachment will directly influence the intensity and safety of junction.
Currently, there are mainly two types of connection types between composite panel and steel plate: glue connection and mechanical connection.Glue connection is not
Foot is that bearing capacity is smaller, furthermore steel easily gets rusty, and the two coheres insecure, poor reliability over time.Mechanical connection is main to be used
The composite panel being placed in parallel is connect by bolt with steel plate, by the shearing resistance of bolt, since the intensity of glass reinforced plastic is low, time
Long, it is also easy to produce reaming phenomenon, so as to cause junction loosening.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is providing the mechanical company of a kind of composite material superstructure and steel main hull
Binding structure and method improve the reliability of connection.
The technical solution taken by the invention to solve the above technical problem are as follows: a kind of composite material superstructure and steel
The mechanical connecting structure of main hull, it is characterised in that: it include the composite panel of wall under superstructure, lower support element, on
Connector, bolt of long stem and short-rod bolt;Wherein,
The composite panel is equipped with the flanging to hull infolding;The lower support element is fixedly connected with steel main hull;
The upper connector is arranged on flanging, upper connector upper surface, upper connector inner surface, in composite panel
Side and flanging exposed portion have pasted sealed composite material layer, are fixed on upper connector on flanging;
It is equipped with the through-hole being connected on upper connector, flanging and lower support element, after enhancing composite material is filled in through-hole, then passes through
Upper connector, flanging are fixedly connected by bolt of long stem with lower support element;
The outer surface of lower support element pastes the composite material water fender connecting with composite panel, and composite material water fender is under
Supporting element is connected by short-rod bolt.
According to the above scheme, the outer surface of the composite material water fender has pasted composite surface material layer, surface recombination
Material layer is concordant with the composite panel.
According to the above scheme, paint layer from surface is coated with outside the composite surface material layer.
According to the above scheme, it is equipped at the corner of the composite panel and flanging convenient for pasting composite material water fender
Polishing inclined-plane.
According to the above scheme, the lower support element is the angle steel being fixedly connected with steel main hull.
According to the above scheme, the upper connector is hardwood block.
According to the above scheme, the bolt of long stem and short-rod bolt are uniformly distributed respectively with certain spacing.
The connection method of the mechanical connecting structure of the composite material superstructure and steel main hull, feature exist
In: it the following steps are included:
S1, the through-hole for opening up 3-4 times greater than bolt of long stem diameter in advance on upper connector, while being opened in the corresponding position of flanging
If the through-hole of same size, and polish around the through-hole of flanging, polishing region is 2 ± 0.5 times of the diameter of the through-hole of flanging;
S2, upper connector is placed on flanging, upper connector is bonded with composite panel, in the logical of upper connector and flanging
Filling enhancing composite material in hole makes enhancing composite material fill up through-hole and exposing surface is coated to surrounding, composite wood to be reinforced
Material solidification;
S3, sealed composite material layer is pasted on composite panel, upper connector and flanging surface, makes upper connector and composite material
It seals and fixes between plate and flanging;
S4, by the composite structure of composite panel, upper connector and flanging, be placed on the upper surface of lower support element, then press upper company
The through-hole of fitting matches the through-hole of lower support element, and bolt of long stem is passed through through-hole and fastens upper connector, flanging and lower support element;
S5, composite material water fender is pasted in the outer surface of lower support element, after material water fender solidification to be composite, in composite material
Beaten on water fender and lower support element and the matched through-hole of short-rod bolt, and short-rod bolt is installed.
According to the above method, further comprising the steps of before the S5: to be beaten at the corner between composite panel and flanging
Mill forms polishing inclined-plane.
According to the above method, this method further includes S6, in the outer surface of composite material water fender pastes composite surface material layer,
Surface meets material layer and composite panel upper end one is flat, covers short-rod bolt, and upper surface is painted.
The invention has the benefit that improving the reliability of connection by using the mode of mechanical connection of the invention, holding
The load received is bigger, and has the ability of repeatable assembly or disassembly.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is A-A cross-sectional view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is B-B cross-sectional view of Fig. 1.
The composite panel schematic diagram that Fig. 4 is.
Fig. 5 is the aperture schematic diagram of hardwood and composite material dog-ear.
Fig. 6 is the composite material filling schematic diagram of the tapping of hardwood and composite material dog-ear.
Fig. 7 is the C direction view of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is hardwood and composite material combined structure.
Fig. 9 is the connection figure of hardwood Yu composite material combined structure and angle steel.
Figure 10 is schematic diagram of polishing at hardwood and composite material combined structure corner.
Figure 11 is the junction composite material water fender scheme of installation of hardwood Yu composite material combined structure and angle steel.
Figure 12 is the junction composite surface material painting paste schematic diagram of hardwood and composite material combined structure and angle steel.
In figure: 1. composite panels, 2. angle steel, 3. steel main hulls, 4. hardwood, 5. bolt of long stem, 6. sealing composite woods
The bed of material, 7. short-rod bolts, 8. composite surface material layers, 9. enhancing composite materials, 10. through-holes, 11. polishing inclined-planes, 12. composite woods
Expect water fender.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to specific example and attached drawing, the present invention will be further described.
The present invention provides the mechanical connecting structure of a kind of composite material superstructure and steel main hull, such as Fig. 1 to Figure 12
It is shown, it include the composite panel 1 of wall under superstructure, lower support element (in the present embodiment lower support element be angle steel 2), on
Connector (upper connector is hardwood 4 in the present embodiment), bolt of long stem 5 and short-rod bolt 7.
The composite panel 1 is equipped with the flanging to hull infolding.Composite panel 1 is superstructure structure and steel
The plate that main hull 3 connects makes the dog-ear of the folding 90 on the inside of hull in its junction, and flanging length about 100mm can also be by connection
The size of angle steel determines.It is at flanging, dog-ear and its another with being connect at dog-ear in order to guarantee at dog-ear and the intensity of flanging
The thickness of one end composite panel can suitably thicken.
The lower support element is fixedly connected with steel main hull 3;Usually using with steel main hull 3 formed one or
Angle steel 2 in welding.
The upper connector is arranged on flanging, upper connector upper surface, upper connector inner surface, composite panel
1 inside and flanging exposed portion have pasted sealed composite material layer 6, are fixed on upper connector on flanging, and water-tight.
The sealed composite material layer 6 newly pasted has certain intensity.
It is equipped with the through-hole 10 being connected on upper connector, flanging and lower support element, enhancing composite material 9 is filled in through-hole 10
Afterwards, then by bolt of long stem 5 by upper connector, flanging it is fixedly connected with lower support element.In the present embodiment, hardwood 4 is wearing stock
At bolt 5, through-hole 10 of 3 ~ 4 times greater than screw diameter is opened in advance.Simultaneously at composite panel corresponding position open it is onesize
Through-hole, and polish around the through-hole, the depth of polishing is gradually reduced from tapping to place.Polishing region is about out
2 times or so of bore dia, the value can appropriate adjustment to 2 ± 0.5 times.
To prevent from seeping water between composite panel 1 and angle steel 2, the outer surface of lower support element has been pasted and composite panel 1
The composite material water fender 12 of connection, composite material water fender 12 are connect with lower support element by short-rod bolt 7.Composite material gear
Water plate 12 should have certain thickness, have enough intensity, it is proposed that be not less than 4mm.The composite material water fender 12 will be close to steel
Matter deck reaches beautiful and waterproof action.After the composite material water fender 12 solidification, at the composite material water fender 12 and angle
Beaten on the web of steel 2 with the matched through-hole of short-rod bolt 7, and short-rod bolt 7 is installed, fastens.
To paste 12 convenience of composite material water fender, can polish to form polishing inclined-plane 11 at the corner to composite panel 1
Or the mold with inclined plane shape is manufactured, when making composite panel 1, formed at corner convenient for pasting composite material water fender
12 inclined-plane.
The outer surface of the composite material water fender 12 has pasted composite surface material layer 8, composite surface material layer 8 with
The composite panel 1 is concordant, covers short-rod bolt 7, and upper surface is painted, and achievees the effect that beauty.
The bolt of long stem 5 and short-rod bolt 7 is uniformly distributed respectively with certain spacing.It is recommended that bolt of long stem 5 is straight
Diameter 16mm and distribution spacing are 10mm~15mm, can also select the suitable diameter of bolt and bolt according to the size of superstructure
Spacing.It is recommended that the diameter 10mm of short-rod bolt 7 and distribution spacing are 10mm~15mm, it is straight also to can choose other suitable bolts
Diameter and pitch of bolts.Stock and quarter butt are relative concepts.
The connection method of the mechanical connecting structure of the composite material superstructure and steel main hull, including following step
It is rapid:
S1, the through-hole 10 for opening up 3-4 times greater than 5 diameter of bolt of long stem in advance on upper connector, while in the correspondence position of flanging
Set the through-hole for opening up same size, and polish around the through-hole of flanging, polishing region be flanging through-hole diameter 2 ±
0.5 times.It polishes to form polishing inclined-plane 11 at corner between composite panel 1 and flanging.
S2, upper connector is placed on flanging, upper connector is bonded with composite panel 1, in upper connector and folding
Filling enhancing composite material 9 in the through-hole on side, so that enhancing composite material 9 is filled up through-hole, simultaneously exposing surface is coated to surrounding, wait increase
Strong composite material 9 solidifies.The purpose for the arrangement is that 4 tapping of hardwood is made to obtain the protection of enhancing composite material 9, prevent into water corruption
Rotten hardwood 4.
S3, sealed composite material layer 6 is pasted on composite panel 1, upper connector and flanging surface, make upper connector and answered
It seals and fixes between condensation material plate 1 and flanging.
S4, by the composite structure of composite panel 1, upper connector and flanging, be placed on the upper surface of lower support element, then press
The through-hole of upper connector matches the through-hole of lower support element, and bolt of long stem 5 is passed through through-hole for upper connector, flanging and lower support element
Fastening.
S5, composite material water fender 12 is pasted in the outer surface of lower support element, after material water fender 12 to be composite solidifies,
Beaten on composite material water fender 12 and lower support element and the matched through-hole of short-rod bolt 7, and short-rod bolt 7 is installed.
S6, composite surface material layer 8 is pasted in the outer surface of composite material water fender 12, surface meets material layer 8 and answers
1 upper end one of condensation material plate is flat, covers short-rod bolt 7, and upper surface is painted.
In order to connect composite material superstructure and steel main hull, the present invention provides a kind of reliable, beautiful connections
Form.In view of the load for being bolted receiving is bigger, and there is the ability of repeatable assembly or disassembly, the present invention uses bolt machine
Tool connection.
Above embodiments are merely to illustrate design philosophy and feature of the invention, and its object is to make technology in the art
Personnel can understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.So it is all according to
It is within the scope of the present invention according to equivalent variations made by disclosed principle, mentality of designing or modification.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of mechanical connecting structure of composite material superstructure and steel main hull, it is characterised in that: it includes that upper layer is built
Build composite panel, lower support element, upper connector, bolt of long stem and the short-rod bolt of lower wall;Wherein,
The composite panel is equipped with the flanging to hull infolding;The lower support element is fixedly connected with steel main hull;
The upper connector is arranged on flanging, upper connector upper surface, upper connector inner surface, in composite panel
Side and flanging exposed portion have pasted sealed composite material layer, are fixed on upper connector on flanging;
It is equipped with the through-hole being connected on upper connector, flanging and lower support element, after enhancing composite material is filled in through-hole, then passes through
Upper connector, flanging are fixedly connected by bolt of long stem with lower support element;
The outer surface of lower support element pastes the composite material water fender connecting with composite panel, and composite material water fender is under
Supporting element is connected by short-rod bolt.
2. the mechanical connecting structure of composite material superstructure and steel main hull according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the outer surface of the composite material water fender has pasted composite surface material layer, and composite surface material layer is answered with described
Condensation material plate is concordant.
3. the mechanical connecting structure of composite material superstructure and steel main hull according to claim 2, feature exist
In: paint layer from surface is coated with outside the composite surface material layer.
4. the mechanical connecting structure of composite material superstructure and steel main hull according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the polishing inclined-plane for being convenient for pasting composite material water fender is equipped at the corner of the composite panel and flanging.
5. the mechanical connecting structure of composite material superstructure and steel main hull according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the lower support element is the angle steel being fixedly connected with steel main hull.
6. the mechanical connecting structure of composite material superstructure and steel main hull according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the upper connector is hardwood block.
7. the mechanical connecting structure of composite material superstructure and steel main hull according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the bolt of long stem and short-rod bolt is uniformly distributed respectively with certain spacing.
8. the connection method of the mechanical connecting structure of composite material superstructure described in claim 1 and steel main hull,
Be characterized in that: it the following steps are included:
S1, the through-hole for opening up 3-4 times greater than bolt of long stem diameter in advance on upper connector, while being opened in the corresponding position of flanging
If the through-hole of same size, and polish around the through-hole of flanging, polishing region is 2 ± 0.5 times of the diameter of the through-hole of flanging;
S2, upper connector is placed on flanging, upper connector is bonded with composite panel, in the logical of upper connector and flanging
Filling enhancing composite material in hole makes enhancing composite material fill up through-hole and exposing surface is coated to surrounding, composite wood to be reinforced
Material solidification;
S3, sealed composite material layer is pasted on composite panel, upper connector and flanging surface, makes upper connector and composite material
It seals and fixes between plate and flanging;
S4, by the composite structure of composite panel, upper connector and flanging, be placed on the upper surface of lower support element, then press upper company
The through-hole of fitting matches the through-hole of lower support element, and bolt of long stem is passed through through-hole and fastens upper connector, flanging and lower support element;
S5, composite material water fender is pasted in the outer surface of lower support element, after material water fender solidification to be composite, in composite material
Beaten on water fender and lower support element and the matched through-hole of short-rod bolt, and short-rod bolt is installed.
9. connection method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: further comprising the steps of before the S5: compound
It polishes to form polishing inclined-plane at corner between plate of material and flanging.
10. connection method according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterised in that: this method further includes S6, in composite material gear
The outer surface of water plate pastes composite surface material layer, and surface meets material layer and composite panel upper end one is flat, covers quarter butt spiral shell
Bolt, and upper surface is painted.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201910345118.0A CN110329420A (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2019-04-26 | The mechanical connecting structure and method of composite material superstructure and steel main hull |
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CN201910345118.0A CN110329420A (en) | 2019-04-26 | 2019-04-26 | The mechanical connecting structure and method of composite material superstructure and steel main hull |
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN203996773U (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-12-10 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Naval vessel upper deck composite material rectangular block water plate structure |
CN104326056A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-02-04 | 广东江龙船舶制造有限公司 | Construction process for folding and connecting aluminum alloy/steel-glass fiber reinforced plastic composite ship |
CN105416506A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-23 | 威海中复西港船艇有限公司 | Connecting structure of steel deck and fiberglass cabin surrounding wall |
CN206049964U (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-03-29 | 江门市海星游艇制造有限公司 | A kind of Bi-metal Steel Aluminum and fiberglass leg attachment structure |
CN207777382U (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-08-28 | 四川诸子科技有限公司 | The pre-buried connection structure of composite material connector |
CN109130219A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-04 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of composite joint technique of sheet metal and carbon fibre composite |
CN109468942A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-15 | 武汉理工大学 | One kind refuting boart-type ponton flexible connecting device |
-
2019
- 2019-04-26 CN CN201910345118.0A patent/CN110329420A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN203996773U (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-12-10 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Naval vessel upper deck composite material rectangular block water plate structure |
CN104326056A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-02-04 | 广东江龙船舶制造有限公司 | Construction process for folding and connecting aluminum alloy/steel-glass fiber reinforced plastic composite ship |
CN105416506A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-23 | 威海中复西港船艇有限公司 | Connecting structure of steel deck and fiberglass cabin surrounding wall |
CN206049964U (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-03-29 | 江门市海星游艇制造有限公司 | A kind of Bi-metal Steel Aluminum and fiberglass leg attachment structure |
CN207777382U (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-08-28 | 四川诸子科技有限公司 | The pre-buried connection structure of composite material connector |
CN109130219A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-04 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of composite joint technique of sheet metal and carbon fibre composite |
CN109468942A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-15 | 武汉理工大学 | One kind refuting boart-type ponton flexible connecting device |
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