CN110317446A - 含有聚氨酯基体和发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒的非充气轮胎 - Google Patents

含有聚氨酯基体和发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒的非充气轮胎 Download PDF

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CN110317446A
CN110317446A CN201810278618.2A CN201810278618A CN110317446A CN 110317446 A CN110317446 A CN 110317446A CN 201810278618 A CN201810278618 A CN 201810278618A CN 110317446 A CN110317446 A CN 110317446A
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inflatable tyre
foamed thermoplastic
particle
thermoplastic elastomers
weight
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梁振鹏
钟运邦
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Priority to CN201810278618.2A priority Critical patent/CN110317446A/zh
Priority to JP2021501088A priority patent/JP2021519244A/ja
Priority to EP19714199.7A priority patent/EP3774966A1/en
Priority to US15/733,671 priority patent/US20210009805A1/en
Priority to MX2020010303A priority patent/MX2020010303A/es
Priority to CA3095520A priority patent/CA3095520A1/en
Priority to BR112020019747-5A priority patent/BR112020019747A2/pt
Priority to PCT/EP2019/057680 priority patent/WO2019185687A1/en
Publication of CN110317446A publication Critical patent/CN110317446A/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含有聚氨酯基体和发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒的非充气轮胎，其包含60‑90重量％的聚氨酯基体和10‑40重量％的发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒。本发明还涉及一种生产非充气轮胎的方法以及非充气轮胎优选在低速车辆中的用途。

Description

含有聚氨酯基体和发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒的非充气轮胎
技术领域
本发明涉及一种非充气轮胎，一种生产非充气轮胎的方法以及非充气轮胎优选在低速车辆如自行车、独轮车、手推车、建筑用车、剪草机、高尔夫手拉车、运料车、轮椅、电动代步车、滑板车、和电动自行车中的用途。
背景技术
充气轮胎已经被广泛应用于自行车、汽车、货车、飞机等中，在这些应用中行驶质量和舒适性是车辆性能的重要部分。但是，充气轮胎对裂纹、刺孔和/或其它导致轮胎漏气的损坏十分敏感。在漏气时需要修理或更换轮胎，因此带来更多的经济负担。更严重的是轮胎突然漏气例如爆裂可能会造成安全问题。
作为替代物，出现了非充气轮胎。与充气轮胎不同，非充气轮胎不存在漏气问题。目前已经开发了各种各样的非充气轮胎。
CN1715041A公开了一种非充气轮胎及其制造方法，其中填充成分包括聚氨酯，其具有约68至约75的肖氏A硬度。
CN106188493A公开了一种聚氨酯发泡轮胎用组合料，其所制造的轮胎密度为400-500kg/m3，肖氏A硬度为65-90。
WO2017/039451A1公开了一种包括非充气轮胎的车轮组件，其轮胎由发泡聚合物例如发泡热塑性聚氨酯(E-TPU)制得。
CN105939870A公开了一种聚氨酯填充轮胎，所述填充轮胎由多孔聚氨酯或聚氨酯-脲弹性材料制成，所弹性材料具有根据ASTM D2240测得的45-80的肖氏A硬度以及根据ASTM D3574测得的40-70％的回弹性。
CN101583656A公开了一种混杂材料，其含有聚氨酯的基体和包含在基体中的热塑性聚氨酯发泡粒子，以及涉及一种生产这种混杂材料的方法和这些混杂材料作为地面覆盖材料、自行车座、室内装饰品和鞋底的用途。
US2010/0122758A1公开了一种轮胎，其包括由橡胶或塑料材料制成的泡沫部分以及存在于泡沫部分中的中空弹性部分，所述中空弹性部分由橡胶或热弹性橡胶制成。
CN105346332A公开了一种轮胎，其胎体由聚氨酯材料制得，胎芯由E-TPU颗粒模压成型制得。
CN104309411A公开了一种热塑性聚氨酯低载荷轮胎及其成型工艺，该热塑性聚氨酯低载荷轮胎包括用于直接与地面接触的表皮层以及位于表皮层内部的里层，该表皮层的硬度高于里层的硬度，其中表皮层和里层采用TPU发泡粒子一体发泡成型。
CN104290539A公开了一种轮胎，其中在外胎和轮毂组成的空间里放入无数个TPU发泡弹性闭孔颗粒，并采用胶粘剂或采用表面热熔工艺将其粘合在一起。
虽然开发了各种各样的非充气轮胎，但是通常这些非充气轮胎相比于充气轮胎仍具有重量大和回弹性差的缺点。因此，仍需要进一步提供一种重量轻且回弹性好的非充气轮胎。
发明内容
本发明提供一种非充气轮胎，其包含60-90重量％的聚氨酯基体和10-40重量％的发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒。
本发明还提供一种生产非充气轮胎的方法，其包括以下步骤：
(1)将发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒置于模具中；
(2)将聚氨酯基体注入模具中并固化；和
(3)脱模。
另外，本发明提供上述非充气轮胎在车辆，优选低速车辆如自行车、独轮车、手推车、建筑用车、剪草机、高尔夫手拉车、运料车、轮椅、电动代步车、滑板车、电动自行车中的用途。
本发明非充气轮胎具有重量轻，回弹性高和缓震效果好中一种或多种优点。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的非充气轮胎的截面图(实施例1)，其中E-TPU颗粒分散在聚氨酯基体中。
图2为根据本发明的双密度一体胎的横截面(实施例3)，其中双密度一体胎包括带花纹的外胎部分(深颜色部分)和内胎部分(浅颜色部分)。
具体实施方式
在本发明一个实施方案中，提供一种非充气轮胎，其包含60-90重量％聚氨酯基体和10-40重量％的发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒。优选地，非充气轮胎包含80-90重量％聚氨酯基体和10-20重量％的发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒。
所述非充气轮胎具有40-90，优选54-56的肖氏A硬度。
所述非充气轮胎具有45-65％，优选50-60％的回弹性。
所述非充气轮胎具有300-900kg/m3的密度，优选450-600kg/m3。发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒具有200-300kg/m3的密度。
在本发明一个实施方案中，发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒具有1-15mm，优选4-7mm的平均直径，并且优选是球形或椭圆形的。在非球形的情况下，例如椭圆形粒子，直径是按照长轴考虑的。
聚氨酯基体
根据本发明，聚氨酯基体例如通过任选地在催化剂和/或常规助剂和/或添加剂的存在下异氰酸酯与对异氰酸酯有反应性且数均分子量为500-10000的化合物和任选扩链剂反应制备。
作为异氰酸酯，可以使用脂族、脂环族、芳脂族和/或芳族的异氰酸酯和/或异氰酸酯预聚物，优选二异氰酸酯，例如三-、四-、五、六-、七-和/或八-亚甲基二异氰酸酯，2-甲基五亚甲基-1,5-二异氰酸酯，2-乙基亚丁基1,4-二异氰酸酯，五亚甲基-1,5-二异氰酸酯，亚丁基-1,4-二异氰酸酯，1-异氰酸酯基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-异氰酸甲酯基环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，IPDI)，1,4-和/或1,3-二(异氰酸甲酯基)环己烷(HXDI)，环己烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯，1-甲基环己烷-2,4-和/或2,6-二异氰酸酯，和/或二环己基甲烷-4,4’-、2,4’-和2,2’-二异氰酸酯，二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯如二苯基甲烷-2,2’-、2,4’-和/或4,4’-二异氰酸酯(MDI)，亚萘基-1,5-二异氰酸酯(NDI)，甲苯-2,4-和/或2,6-二异氰酸酯(TDI)，3,3’-二甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯，1,2-二苯基乙烷二异氰酸酯，和/或亚苯基二异氰酸酯。
作为对异氰酸酯有反应性的化合物，可以使用对异氰酸酯有反应性的化合物，例如聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇和/或聚碳酸酯二醇，以及它们的混合物，这些通常归类在术语“多元醇”中，且数均分子量为500-8000g/mol，优选600-6000g/mol，和优选具有1.8-3.3、特别是2.0-3.0的平均官能度。
作为扩链剂，可以使用数均分子量为50-499的脂族、芳脂族、芳族和/或脂环族的化合物，优选双官能化合物，例如具有2-10个碳原子的亚烷基的二胺和/或链烷二醇，尤其是1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇，和/或具有3-10个碳原子的二亚烷基二醇、三亚烷基二醇、四亚烷基二醇、五亚烷基二醇、六亚烷基二醇、七亚烷基二醇、八亚烷基二醇、九亚烷基二醇和/或十亚烷基二醇，优选相应的低聚丙二醇和/或聚丙二醇，也可以使用扩链剂的混合物。
作为能促进异氰酸酯的NCO基团与羟基之间的反应的合适催化剂，可以使用叔胺，例如胺类凝胶型催化剂、三乙胺、二甲基环己胺、N-甲基吗啉、N,N’-二甲基哌嗪、2-(二甲基氨基乙氧基)乙醇、二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷等，以及有机金属化合物，例如钛酸酯，铁化合物例如乙酰丙酮酸铁(III)，锡化合物例如二乙酸锡、二辛酸锡、二月桂酸锡，或脂族羧酸的二烷基锡盐，例如二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡等。催化剂的用量通常是0.0001-4.0重量份，基于100重量份的聚氨酯基体重量计。
除了催化剂之外，也可以加入常规助剂和/或添加剂。可以提到的例子包括发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂、表面活性物质、填料、阻燃剂、成核剂、氧化稳定剂、润滑剂和脱模剂、染料、颜料、增强材料，增稠剂和增塑剂。
此反应可以在常规指数下进行，优选60-120的指数，特别优选80-110的指数。指数定义为在反应中所用的异氰酸酯基团总量与对异氰酸酯有反应性的基团(即活泼氢原子)之比。
聚氨酯基体可以为泡沫或压实弹性体系的形式。
发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒
在本发明实施方案中，发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒包括发泡热塑性聚氨酯颗粒，发泡热塑性聚酯醚颗粒，发泡热塑性聚醚酯颗粒，发泡热塑性聚醚酰胺颗粒，发泡热塑性聚烯烃颗粒例如发泡热塑性聚乙烯乙酸乙烯酯颗粒，发泡热塑性聚乙烯丙烯二烯颗粒，发泡热塑性聚丙烯颗粒，发泡热塑性苯乙烯嵌段共聚物颗粒，及其混合物。
优选地，发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒为发泡热塑性聚氨酯(E-TPU)颗粒。发泡热塑性聚氨酯颗粒可以通过本领域技术人员已知的悬浮或挤出方法由热塑性聚氨酯生产，并在上述文献中描述。在这些方法中，发泡热塑性聚氨酯颗粒可以直接或间接获得。
在悬浮方法中，将粒状形式的热塑性聚氨酯与水、悬浮剂和发泡剂在封闭反应器中加热至高于粒状材料的软化温度。这里的聚合物颗粒用发泡剂浸渍。一种可能性是冷却热悬浮液，随后颗粒在包含发泡剂的情况下变硬，并使反应器减压。包含发泡剂的所得可发泡颗粒在随后的步骤中通过加热发泡，得到发泡颗粒。在另一替代方案中，热悬浮液可以在不进行冷却(爆炸膨胀过程)的情况下突然减压，因此，包含发泡剂的软化颗粒立即发泡以产生发泡颗粒，参见例如WO 94/20568。
在挤出方法中，热塑性聚氨酯在挤出机中与引入挤出机的发泡剂熔融混合。包含发泡剂的混合物在压力和温度的条件下挤出并造粒，使得粒状热塑性聚氨酯材料不发泡(膨胀)，举例来说，这可以通过使用在超过2巴的水压下操作的水下造粒机实现。这产生了包含发泡剂的可发泡颗粒，并且在随后的步骤中通过加热发泡，得到发泡颗粒。或者，也可以在不使用超大气压的情况下挤出和造粒混合物。在该方法中，通过造粒获得熔融线材泡沫和发泡颗粒。
本发明还提供一种生产非充气轮胎的方法，其包括：
(1)将发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒置于模具中；
(2)将聚氨酯基体注入模具中并固化；和
(3)脱模。
本发明还涉及非充气轮胎在车辆，优选低速车辆例如速度小于40千米/小时或更优选如速度小于30千米/小时的车辆中的用途。所述车辆包括自行车、独轮车、手推车、建筑用车、剪草机、高尔夫手拉车、运料车、轮椅、电动代步车、滑板车、和电动自行车。
实施例
结合下面的实施例和附图阐述本发明，所述实施例仅用于示例说明的目的，不应理解为限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例中使用的原料如下：
Polyol-A：聚醚多元醇，数均分子量6000，官能度为3，羟值为约28mgKOH/g，以TEP-3600获自中国石化天津石化分公司；
Polyol-B：聚醚多元醇，数均分子量4000，官能度为2，羟值为约28mgKOH/g，以TED-28获自中国石化天津石化分公司；
Polyol-C：苯乙烯、丙烯腈共聚接枝聚醚多元醇，固含量为约45％，羟值为约21mgKOH/g，以POP-H45获自淄博德信联邦化学工业有限公司；
1,4-丁二醇(1,4-BDO)：扩链剂；
蒸馏水(H2O)：发泡剂；
催化剂A：胺类凝胶型催化剂，Dabco S 25B，获自Air product；
泡沫稳定剂：Niax L5302，获自WITCO化学公司；
异氰酸酯预聚体组分：基于二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯和碳化二亚胺改性二苯基甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯与具有13重量％EO(封端的)而且数均分子量为约4800，官能度为3的聚醚多元醇反应而成，NCO％＝20％；以Elastopan CS9500C-B获自巴斯夫聚氨酯(中国)有限公司。
E-TPU颗粒为直径约4-5mm的椭圆型颗粒，密度为210kg/m3，商品名InfinergyTM，获自巴斯夫聚氨酯特种产品有限公司。
对比例
将下表1中的多元醇组分与扩链剂(1,4-BDO)、催化剂(Dabco S 25B)、发泡剂(蒸馏水)、泡沫稳定剂(Niax L5302)预混，从而得到预混的多元醇组合料(453.3g)；将异氰酸酯预聚体组分(346.7g)和预混的多元醇组合料分别加入低压浇注机对应的料缸，并分别预热至40℃。开启带有离心机的钢制模具，模具温度设定为50℃。将所述异氰酸酯预聚体组分和预混的多元醇组合料通过低压浇注机(台湾绿的工业有限公司N型二成分灌注机)搅拌头灌注至旋转的模具中，熟化4分钟后，打开模具取出成型的轮胎。
实施例1
预先将E-TPU颗粒(73.6g)均匀地放入到模具中，然后关模，开启离心机旋转模具，模具温度设定为50℃。将下表1中的多元醇组分与扩链剂(1,4-BDO)、催化剂(Dabco S25B)、发泡剂(蒸馏水)、泡沫稳定剂(Niax L5302)预混，从而得到预混的多元醇组合料(372.1g)；将异氰酸酯预聚体组分(290.6g)和预混的多元醇组合料分别加入低压浇注机对应的料缸，并分别预热至40℃。将所述异氰酸酯预聚体组分和预混的多元醇组合料通过低压浇注机(台湾绿的工业有限公司N型二成分灌注机)搅拌头灌注至旋转的模具中，熟化4分钟后，打开模具取出成型的轮胎。
实施例2
预先将E-TPU颗粒(128g)均匀地放入到模具中，然后关模，开启离心机旋转模具，模具温度设定为50℃。将下表1中的多元醇组分与扩链剂(1,4-BDO)、催化剂(Dabco S25B)、发泡剂(蒸馏水)、泡沫稳定剂(Niax L5302)预混，从而得到预混的多元醇组合料(285.2g)；将异氰酸酯预聚体组分(226.8g)和预混的多元醇组合料分别加入低压浇注机对应的料缸，并分别预热至40℃。将所述异氰酸酯预聚体组分和预混的多元醇组合料通过低压浇注机(台湾绿的工业有限公司N型二成分灌注机)搅拌头灌注至旋转的模具中，熟化4分钟后，打开模具取出成型的轮胎。
用于测试物理性能的片材通过分别将上述对比例和实施例的相应异氰酸酯预聚体组分和预混的多元醇组合料在相应试验条件下注入20cm*15cm*1cm的测试片模具中制得。在制备实施例1和实施例2的测试片时，预先将相应重量比例的E-TPU颗粒均匀地放入到模具中，再注入相应异氰酸酯预聚体组分和预混的多元醇组合料。
实施例3
预先将E-TPU(53.6g)颗粒均匀地放入到花纹胎模具中，然后关模，开启离心机旋转模具。首先灌注入非发泡弹性体聚氨酯组合料(320g)(Elastopan CS7579/128C-A&Elastopan CS9500C-B，获自巴斯夫聚氨酯(中国)有限公司)，以完全覆盖花纹部位为标准，然后等待40秒，使外胎料处于半熟化状态并保持模具继续旋转，接着灌注入实施例1的相应异氰酸酯预聚体组分(211.3g)和预混的多元醇组合料(271g)。熟化4分钟后取出双密度一体轮胎。
表1
注：预混的多元醇组合料包括多元醇、1,4-BDO、Dabco S 25B、Niax L5302和蒸馏水。
表2：根据对比例和实施例所得轮胎的物理性能。
由此可见，通过本发明方法制得的轮胎密度小，重量轻，回弹性能好，而其它物理性能保持相当，甚至更好。
对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是，在不脱离本发明的范围或精神的情况下，可以对本发明进行各种修改和变化。因此，本发明旨在覆盖落入所附权利要求及其等同物范围内的这些修改和变化。

Claims (16)

1.一种非充气轮胎，其包含60-90重量％的聚氨酯基体和10-40重量％的发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒，所述重量百分数基于非充气轮胎的重量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的非充气轮胎，其中非充气轮胎包含80-90重量％的聚氨酯基体和10-20重量％的发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的非充气轮胎，其中发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒为发泡热塑性聚氨酯颗粒。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的非充气轮胎，其中非充气轮胎具有40-90，优选54-56的肖氏A硬度。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的非充气轮胎，其中非充气轮胎具有45-65％的回弹性。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的非充气轮胎，其中非充气轮胎具有300-900kg/m3的密度，优选450-600kg/m3。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的非充气轮胎，其中发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒具有1-15mm，优选4-7mm的直径。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的非充气轮胎，其中发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒具有200-300kg/m3的密度。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的非充气轮胎，其中发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒为球形或椭圆形。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的非充气轮胎，其中聚氨酯基体为泡沫或压实弹性体的形式。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的非充气轮胎，其中非充气轮胎为内胎或双密度一体胎。
12.一种生产权利要求1-11中任一项所述非充气轮胎的方法，其包括以下步骤：
(1)将发泡热塑性弹性体颗粒置于模具中；
(2)将聚氨酯基体注入模具中并固化；和
(3)脱模。
13.根据权利要求1-11中任一项的非充气轮胎在车辆中的用途。
14.根据权利要求13的用途，其中车辆为速度小于40千米/小时的车辆。
15.根据权利要求13的用途，其中车辆为速度小于30千米/小时的车辆。
16.根据权利要求13-15中任一项的用途，其中车辆包括自行车、独轮车、手推车、建筑用车、剪草机、高尔夫手拉车、运料车、轮椅、电动代步车、滑板车、和电动自行车。
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