CN110317316B - 一种合成皮革用抗菌耐污聚氨酯的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种合成皮革用抗菌耐污聚氨酯的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110317316B
CN110317316B CN201910591449.2A CN201910591449A CN110317316B CN 110317316 B CN110317316 B CN 110317316B CN 201910591449 A CN201910591449 A CN 201910591449A CN 110317316 B CN110317316 B CN 110317316B
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戚玉侠
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种合成皮革用抗菌耐污聚氨酯的制备方法，以2‑氨基‑5氯硫酚和2,2‑二羟甲基丙酸为起始物料，在催化剂氯化锌和无水硫酸铜的作用下，成环为2‑取代苯并噻唑衍生物A，接着2‑取代苯并噻唑衍生物A与N,N‑二甲基十二烷基胺在微波加热下发生取代反应，得到了改性剂B，最后，甲苯‑2,6二异氰酸酯与聚四氢呋喃二醇和改性剂B发生缩聚反应得到了改性的聚氨酯，该聚氨酯嵌段引入了双抗菌活性基团噻唑基团和季铵盐，可抑制和杀死多种细菌和霉菌，另经抗敏性测试，皮革中引入的活性基团对身体无过敏性伤害，由于双抗菌活性基团均是以化学键的方式嵌入到聚氨酯中，具有良好的耐洗性，不易脱落，可长久的维持革制品的抗菌性能。

Description

一种合成皮革用抗菌耐污聚氨酯的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于革制品技术领域，具体涉及一种合成皮革用抗菌耐污聚氨酯的制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯合成革属于聚氨酯弹性体的一类，具有光泽柔和、自然，手感柔软，真皮感强的外观，具有与基材粘接性能优异、抗磨损、耐挠曲、抗老化等优异的机械性能，同时还具备耐寒性好、透气、可洗涤、加工方便、价格优廉等优点，是天然皮革最为理想的替代品。
据皮革原材料的质地和加工目的，加工出来的皮革成品可用于制造男女服装、箱包和鞋帽等日常用品，用途广泛，由于会接触到人体皮肤，所以由人体皮肤毛孔分泌出来汗渍和湿气会附着在皮质上，时间一长，皮质容易滋生霉菌、细菌、真菌等微生物，其分泌物引起高聚物的生物降解，使得皮革面出现裂纹，这样就会影响皮革制品的使用寿命和使用效果，并与肌肤接触，加剧了各类疾病的扩散和传播，对人体健康造成了巨大的威胁，另外，现有的革制品防水性能不够，在潮湿雨天环境，放置的革制品更易滋生细菌，产生大量的菌斑霉斑等污迹，随着经济技术的发展，人们对健康越来越重视，因此，开发出多功能性的合成革为行业发展所需。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种合成皮革用抗菌耐污聚氨酯的制备方法，现有的合成革中，一般采用额外添加抗菌剂用以维持皮革的抗菌防霉性能，但是耐洗性较差，难以长久的维持合成革的抗菌性能。
本发明需要解决的技术问题为：
1、如何提供一种同时具有抗菌和耐污性能的改性剂；
2、现有的革制品清洗后抑菌效果差；
3、如何提高革制品的耐污性，使其具有自洁性能；
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：
一种合成皮革用抗菌耐污聚氨酯的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
第一步、0.1mol 2-氨基-5氯硫酚、0.11-0.12mol 2,2-二羟甲基丙酸和5mmol催化剂加入到反应瓶中，通入氮气保护，在无溶剂条件下，升温至100-110℃反应4-5h，反应结束后，冷却到室温，即得到式A结构的2-取代苯并噻唑衍生物，反应式如下：
Figure BDA0002116266830000021
第二步、向第一步制备的2-取代苯并噻唑衍生物中加入150ml二氧六环，接着加入0.11-0.12mol N,N-二甲基十二烷基胺，搅拌溶解后，放入到微波反应器中，回流反应3h，反应结束后，取出，经纯化，即得到式B结构的改性剂，反应式如下：
Figure BDA0002116266830000022
第三步、将100g甲苯-2,6二异氰酸酯、60-80g聚四氢呋喃二醇、10-15g改性剂和0.5g催化剂，升温至80℃进行缩聚2h,即得到式C结构的抗菌耐污聚氨酯，反应式如下：
Figure BDA0002116266830000031
进一步，第一步中，所述的催化剂为氯化锌和无水硫酸铜，氯化锌和无水硫酸铜的质量比为1：1。
进一步，第二步中，微波反应器的功率为600W，回流反应的温度为100-110℃。
进一步，第二步中，所述的纯化具体为：取出后自然冷却至室温，接着放入到0-5℃的环境中静置4-5h，析出结晶，过滤，采用丙酮重结晶，即得到式B结构的改性剂。
进一步，第三步中，所述的催化剂为辛酸亚锡。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明提供的一种合成皮革用抗菌耐污聚氨酯的制备方法，以2-氨基-5氯硫酚和2,2-二羟甲基丙酸为起始物料，在催化剂氯化锌和无水硫酸铜的作用下，成环为2-取代苯并噻唑衍生物A，接着2-取代苯并噻唑衍生物A与N,N-二甲基十二烷基胺在微波加热下发生取代反应，得到了改性剂B，改性剂B中的噻唑基团和季铵盐具有良好的抑菌性，其中十二烷基为疏水基团，因此制备的改性剂B同时具有抗菌和耐污性能；
最后，甲苯-2,6二异氰酸酯与聚四氢呋喃二醇和改性剂B发生缩聚反应得到了改性的聚氨酯，该聚氨酯嵌段引入了双抗菌活性基团噻唑基团和季铵盐，可抑制和杀死多种细菌和霉菌，另经抗敏性测试，皮革中引入的活性基团对身体无过敏性伤害，由于双抗菌活性基团均是以化学键的方式嵌入到聚氨酯中，具有良好的耐洗性，不易脱落，可长久的维持革制品的抗菌性能；
另外，聚氨酯中还嵌段引入了长链疏水基团十二烷基基团，使得聚氨酯本身既具有良好的疏水性能，可防止水和水溶性等液体、灰尘等固体的粘附，具有良好的自洁性能，同时，该疏水性的聚氨酯制成的革制品，缺乏细菌霉菌繁殖的潮湿环境，继而进一步的防止革制品的霉变，延长了革制品的使用寿命，长久的维持革制品的干净整洁。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种合成皮革用抗菌耐污聚氨酯的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
第一步、0.1mol 2-氨基-5氯硫酚、0.11mol 2,2-二羟甲基丙酸和5mmol催化剂加入到反应瓶中，通入氮气保护，在无溶剂条件下，升温至100℃反应5h，反应结束后，冷却到室温，即得到式A结构的2-取代苯并噻唑衍生物，收率为97.4％，HRMS m/z(ESI+)calcd forC11H12ClNO2S([M+H]+),258.0374；
反应式如下：
Figure BDA0002116266830000051
所述的催化剂为氯化锌和无水硫酸铜，氯化锌和无水硫酸铜的质量比为1∶1；
第二步、向第一步制备的2-取代苯并噻唑衍生物中加入150ml二氧六环，接着加入0.11mol N,N-二甲基十二烷基胺，搅拌溶解后，放入到微波反应器中，在功率为600W，温度为105℃下回流反应3h，反应结束后，取出，自然冷却至室温，接着放入到0-5℃的环境中静置4h，析出结晶，过滤，采用丙酮重结晶即得到式B结构的改性剂，收率为96.2％；反应式如下：
Figure BDA0002116266830000052
改性剂B的红外表征如下所示：IR(KBr):
Figure BDA0002116266830000053
(苯环)、2988/2864(-CH2-、-CH3),1667-1425(噻唑环),1003、895(季铵盐)cm-1。
第三步、将100g甲苯-2,6二异氰酸酯、68g聚四氢呋喃二醇、12g改性剂和0.5g催化剂辛酸亚锡，升温至80℃进行缩聚2h,即得到式C结构的抗菌耐污聚氨酯；
反应式如下：
Figure BDA0002116266830000061
抗菌耐污聚氨酯C的红外表征如下所示：IR(KBr):
Figure BDA0002116266830000062
(苯环)、2988/2864(-CH2-、-CH3),2271(-NCO),1752(-COO-)、1680(-CONH-)、1667-1425(噻唑环),1004、897(季铵盐)cm-1。
实施例2
采用湿法制造工艺将抗菌耐污聚氨酯渗透到非织造布间得到抗菌耐污合成皮革，接触角为122°。
对比例1
无添加的聚氨酯合成革。
对比例2
聚氨酯乳液由100g聚氨酯和10份皮革防霉抗菌剂混合得到，采用湿法制造工艺将聚氨酯乳液渗透到非织造布间得到合成皮革；该皮革防霉抗菌剂有机硅季铵盐防霉抗菌剂。
合成皮革的性能测试
(1)抗菌性测试
分别对新制合成革和洗涤50次的合成革进行测试，洗涤方法按照在耐洗牢度试验机上进行，洗涤方法为：洗衣粉4g/L，浴比(合成革和洗涤液的质量比为1:25)，温度25℃，时间10min为一次洗涤；
表一、新制合成革的抑菌率
Figure BDA0002116266830000071
表二、洗涤50次的合成革的抑菌率
Figure BDA0002116266830000072
Figure BDA0002116266830000081
(2)抗敏性测试
选取45名年龄在18-40岁皮肤无异常的健康男女志愿者和45名敏感肌肤年龄在18-40岁的健康男女志愿者作为受试对象，受试部位为上臂内侧，分为3组，每组30人，每组分别有15名皮肤无异常的志愿者和15名敏感肌肤的志愿者，每组对应测试同一个实施例的合成皮革；
取10cm2实施例2以及对比实施例1和2制得的合成皮革，将皮革用无刺激胶带贴敷于受试者前臂曲侧，胶带粘在皮革边角四周，用手掌轻压使之均匀地贴敷于皮肤上，持续24h，去除皮革30min后，待粘接痕消失后观察皮肤反应。实验结果显示，90名志愿者，其中45名皮肤无异常的志愿者皮肤无反应；45名敏感肌肤志愿者中，有1名对于对比例1的皮革有微弱红斑，待2h后微弱红斑彻底消失，有2名对对比例2中的皮革有红斑且有瘙痒症状，用冷水冰敷后，3h后完全消失，其余27名敏感肌肤志愿者皮肤均无反应。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明的构思所作的举例和说明，所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，只要不偏离发明的构思或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均应属于本发明的保护范围。

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1.一种合成皮革用抗菌耐污聚氨酯的制备方法，其特征在于：具体包括以下步骤：
第一步、0.1mol 2-氨基-5氯硫酚、0.11-0.12mol 2,2-二羟甲基丙酸和5mmol催化剂加入到反应瓶中，通入氮气保护，在无溶剂条件下，升温至100-110℃反应4-5h，反应结束后，冷却到室温，即得到式A结构的2-取代苯并噻唑衍生物，反应式如下：
Figure FDA0002116266820000011
第二步、向第一步制备的2-取代苯并噻唑衍生物中加入150ml二氧六环，接着加入0.11-0.12mol N,N-二甲基十二烷基胺，搅拌溶解后，放入到微波反应器中，回流反应3h，反应结束后，取出，经纯化，即得到式B结构的改性剂，反应式如下：
Figure FDA0002116266820000012
第三步、将100g甲苯-2,6二异氰酸酯、60-80g聚四氢呋喃二醇、10-15g改性剂和0.5g催化剂，升温至80℃进行缩聚2h,即得到式C结构的抗菌耐污聚氨酯，反应式如下：
Figure FDA0002116266820000021
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种合成皮革用抗菌耐污聚氨酯的制备方法，其特征在于：第一步中，所述的催化剂为氯化锌和无水硫酸铜，氯化锌和无水硫酸铜的质量比为1：1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种合成皮革用抗菌耐污聚氨酯的制备方法，其特征在于：第二步中，微波反应器的功率为600W，回流反应的温度为100-110℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种合成皮革用抗菌耐污聚氨酯的制备方法，其特征在于：第二步中，所述的纯化具体为：取出后自然冷却至室温，接着放入到0-5℃的环境中静置4-5h，析出结晶，过滤，采用丙酮重结晶，即得到式B结构的改性剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种合成皮革用抗菌耐污聚氨酯的制备方法，其特征在于：第三步中，所述的催化剂为辛酸亚锡。
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