CN110313310B - Crushing, rubbing, screw compressing and densifying straw returning machine - Google Patents
Crushing, rubbing, screw compressing and densifying straw returning machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110313310B CN110313310B CN201910725399.2A CN201910725399A CN110313310B CN 110313310 B CN110313310 B CN 110313310B CN 201910725399 A CN201910725399 A CN 201910725399A CN 110313310 B CN110313310 B CN 110313310B
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- kneading
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- roller
- yarn
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000886569 Cyprogenia stegaria Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D82/00—Crop conditioners, i.e. machines for crushing or bruising stalks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F29/00—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like
- A01F29/005—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like for disintegrating and cutting up bales of hay, straw or fodder
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F29/00—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like
- A01F29/02—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like having rotating knives with their cutting edges in a plane perpendicular to their rotational axis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F29/00—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like
- A01F29/09—Details
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a crushing, silk kneading, spiral compressing and densifying straw returning machine, which comprises: a housing; and a pick-up and shredding device mounted on the housing; the spiral conveying device is arranged on the shell behind the picking-up and cutting device and is used for conveying materials cut by the picking-up and cutting device; the yarn kneading and thinning device is arranged above the shell and is communicated with the spiral conveying device; the screw compression device is arranged on the shell right below the wire kneading box body and is communicated with the wire kneading box body, and the tail end of the screw compression device is provided with a discharge pipe; the deep loosening and deep burying device is hinged to the rear of the shell, is connected with a discharging pipe of the spiral compression device and is used for deeply burying materials; a first driving mechanism for driving the pick-up and cutting device, the spiral conveying device and the spiral compression device to work simultaneously; and the second driving mechanism is used for driving the driving yarn kneading roller and the driven yarn kneading roller to work simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to a crushing, silk kneading, spiral compressing and densifying straw returning machine.
Background
The existing straw returning machine is mainly used for returning the straw to the field, wherein the straw is crushed and paved on the ground surface or is shallow buried on the ground surface, and the mode can cause excessive large gaps on the surface of the soil, so that the problems of poor trafficability and incapability of making good contact with the soil and the like of the subsequent seeding operation are caused. And after straw is decomposed, organic matters are mainly present on the soil surface, and the effect on the organic matter content of the soil in the whole soil layer is not obvious. Therefore, on the basis of the existing straw returning machine, the crushed straw is further finely crushed by the devices such as silk kneading and densification, and is deeply buried in soil, so that the decomposition speed of the straw is increased, and the organic matter distribution of deep soil is further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design and develop a crushing, wire kneading, spiral compressing and densifying straw returning machine, which is based on the straw returning machine, and further kneads and processes the straw segments cut by the straw returning machine through a wire kneading device so as to make the straw segments finer.
The invention further aims to design and develop a crushing, kneading, screw compressing and densifying straw returning machine, which is based on the straw returning machine, and adopts a screw compressing device to increase the flow density of finely crushed silk-like straw, and the straw is buried in a plow bottom layer in the deep loosening process of a rear deep loosening shovel, so that the straw is deeply buried and returned to the field, and the straw is promoted to be decomposed.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a crushing, silk kneading, spiral compressing and densifying straw returning machine, comprising:
a housing; and
a pick-up and shredding device mounted on the housing;
a screw conveyor disposed on the housing rearward of the pick-up chopper;
the wire kneading box body is arranged above the shell, is communicated with the spiral conveying device, and is axially and symmetrically provided with sliding grooves on two sides of the lower part of the wire kneading box body;
the rocker arms are respectively arranged at the sliding grooves, and one ends of the rocker arms are hinged with the wire kneading box body;
the driving silk kneading roller is axially arranged in the silk kneading box body, two ends of the driving silk kneading roller penetrate through the sliding groove and are rotatably connected with the middle part of the rocker arm, and ribs are circumferentially arranged outside the driving silk kneading roller;
the tensioning rods are arranged on two axial sides of the wire kneading box body and are arranged along the radial direction of the wire kneading box body, and one end of each tensioning rod is hinged with the other end of the corresponding rocker arm;
the pair of fixing blocks are vertically arranged on the wire kneading box body close to the sliding groove respectively, and the other end of the tensioning rod can slide through the corresponding fixing blocks;
the pair of fastening nuts are fixedly arranged at the other ends of the corresponding tensioning rods respectively;
the tensioning springs are respectively sleeved on the tensioning rods between the corresponding fastening nuts and the corresponding fixing blocks in a hollow mode and are used for tensioning the driving wire kneading roller;
the driven silk kneading roller is axially arranged in the silk kneading box body, is arranged in a gap with the driving silk kneading roller, and is rotatably arranged on the silk kneading box body at two ends, and a convex edge is circumferentially arranged outside the driven silk kneading roller;
the tensioning spring is always in a compressed state, and the driving yarn kneading roller and the driven yarn kneading roller move in opposite directions;
the screw compression device is arranged on the shell right below the wire kneading box body and is communicated with the wire kneading box body, and the tail end of the screw compression device is provided with a discharge pipe;
the deep loosening and deep burying device is hinged to the rear of the shell, is connected with a discharging pipe of the spiral compression device and is used for deeply burying materials;
the first driving mechanism is fixedly arranged on the shell, is connected with the picking and cutting device, the spiral conveying device and the spiral compression device and is used for driving the picking and cutting device, the spiral conveying device and the spiral compression device to work simultaneously;
the second driving mechanism is fixedly arranged on the yarn kneading box body, is connected with the driving yarn kneading roller and is used for driving the driving yarn kneading roller and the driven yarn kneading roller to work simultaneously;
the straw is cut by the picking and cutting device, sequentially passes through the spiral conveying device, the yarn kneading box body and the spiral compression device, and is deeply buried by the deep loosening and deep burying device.
Preferably, the screw compression device includes:
the upper large opening of the diversion cone box is communicated with the yarn kneading box body in a sealing way;
a compression chamber upper cover;
the compression box lower bottom is buckled with the compression cavity upper cover, and a plurality of conical compression cavities are formed by surrounding the compression box lower bottom and the compression cavity upper cover;
the small opening at the lower part of the diversion cone box is connected with the compression cavity upper cover and is communicated with the conical compression cavity;
the spiral compression shafts are arranged in the conical compression cavity in a one-to-one correspondence manner, one end of each spiral compression shaft, which is close to the first driving mechanism, penetrates out of the front end of the conical compression cavity, and spiral blades are uniformly arranged on each spiral compression shaft;
the discharge pipes are arranged at the tail ends of the conical compression cavities in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
wherein the rotation directions of two adjacent spiral compression shafts are opposite.
Preferably, the pick-up and chopping device comprises:
the two ends of the swing cutter shaft are respectively rotatably supported on the two side plates;
the plurality of knife throwing seats are uniformly arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the knife throwing shaft;
the flail knives are respectively hinged to the flail knife holders;
the fixed cutters are respectively and fixedly installed on the shell, and the cutting edges of the fixed cutters are arranged towards the flail cutter shaft.
Preferably, the screw conveyor includes:
the spiral auger shafts are arranged behind the flail knife shafts at intervals in parallel and synchronously move with the flail knife shafts, and spiral conveying blades are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the spiral auger shafts;
the lower part of the throwing fan shell is sleeved at one end of a spiral auger shaft positioned in the conveying direction of the spiral conveying blade and is provided with an opening;
the lower part of the flow guide pipe is communicated with the throwing fan shell in a sealing way, and the upper part of the flow guide pipe is communicated with the wire kneading box body in a sealing way;
the throwing wheel hub blade is arranged on the side of the opening at the lower part in the throwing fan shell, sleeved on the spiral auger shaft and used for conveying materials to the wire kneading box body.
Preferably, the deep scarification and deep burial device comprises:
the deep loosening shovel frame is hinged to the rear of the shell through a three-point suspension device;
the subsoilers are fixedly arranged on the front cross beam of the subsoiler frame at equal intervals along the axial direction of the subsoiler frame, and the outlet of the discharging pipe is right opposite to the rear of the subsoiler;
the adjusting plates are symmetrically arranged on two axial sides of the subsoiler frame, one end of each adjusting plate is fixedly connected with the rear cross beam of the subsoiler frame, and the other end of each adjusting plate is fan-shaped;
the first adjusting holes are uniformly arranged along the direction of the radian of the sector;
the adjusting rods are symmetrically arranged on two axial sides of the subsoiler frame, one end of each adjusting rod is fixedly connected with one end of the adjusting plate, and the other end of each adjusting rod is provided with a second adjusting hole;
the roller shaft is rotatably sleeved with a roller, and two ends of the roller shaft are fixedly connected with the other ends of the corresponding adjusting rods respectively;
and the pin shaft is inserted into the corresponding first adjusting hole and the second adjusting hole and is used for adjusting the height of the press.
Preferably, the first driving mechanism includes:
the transition wheel bracket is fixedly arranged on the shell between the conical compression cavity and the first driving mechanism, through holes are axially and uniformly formed in the transition wheel bracket, and one end of the spiral compression shaft penetrating out of the conical compression cavity can rotate to penetrate through the corresponding through hole;
the driven chain wheels are sleeved at one end of the spiral compression shaft penetrating out of the front end of the conical compression cavity in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the driving chain wheel is fixedly connected with a longitudinal output shaft of the first driving mechanism;
and the chain is sequentially wound around the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket, adjacent driven sprockets are positioned on two sides of the chain and used for driving the driving sprocket and the driven sprockets to synchronously rotate, and adjacent driven sprockets reversely rotate.
Preferably, the first driving mechanism further includes:
one end of the transverse shaft is fixedly connected with the transverse output end of the first driving mechanism;
the power input belt wheel is fixedly sleeved at the other end of the transverse shaft;
the picking and chopping shaft power input belt wheel is fixedly sleeved at one end of the flail knife shaft positioned on the same side of the power input belt wheel;
a first belt wound around the power input pulley and the pick-up chopper shaft power input pulley for driving the cross shaft and the flail shaft to rotate synchronously;
the power output belt wheel of the picking-up and cutting shaft is fixedly sleeved at the other end of the flail knife shaft;
the auger fan shaft belt wheel is fixedly sleeved at one end of the auger fan shaft positioned at the same side of the power output belt wheel;
the second belt is wound around the power output belt wheel of the picking and cutting shaft and the belt wheel of the auger fan shaft and is used for driving the flail knife shaft and the auger fan shaft to synchronously rotate;
and the tensioning device is arranged on a second belt between the power output belt wheel of the pick-up shredding shaft and the belt wheel of the auger fan shaft and is used for tensioning the second belt.
Preferably, the second driving mechanism includes:
a hydraulic motor pulley provided at an output end of the second driving mechanism;
the driving roller belt wheel is fixedly sleeved at one end of the driving yarn kneading roller positioned at the same side of the hydraulic motor belt wheel;
the driven roller belt wheel is fixedly sleeved at one end of the driven yarn kneading roller positioned at the same side of the hydraulic motor belt wheel;
and the third belt is wound around the hydraulic motor belt pulley, the driving roller belt pulley and the driven roller belt pulley in sequence, and the driving roller belt pulley and the driven roller belt pulley are positioned at two sides of the third belt and used for driving the driving yarn kneading roller and the driven yarn kneading roller to synchronously move in opposite directions.
Preferably, the housing comprises two side plates and a plurality of cross beams;
the two side plates are symmetrically arranged at intervals, two ends of the cross beams are fixedly connected with the two side plates respectively, and the shell is suspended at the rear of the tractor through the three-point suspension device.
A crushing, silk kneading, spiral compressing and densifying straw returning machine, comprising:
a housing; and
a pick-up and shredding device mounted on the housing;
the spiral conveying device is arranged on the shell behind the picking-up and cutting device and is used for conveying materials cut by the picking-up and cutting device;
the yarn kneading and thinning device is arranged above the shell and is communicated with the spiral conveying device;
the upper large opening of the diversion cone box is communicated with the yarn kneading and thinning device in a sealing way;
the compression cavity upper cover and the compression box lower bottom are buckled with each other, a plurality of conical compression cavities are formed by surrounding the compression cavity upper cover and the compression box lower bottom, and the small opening at the lower part of the diversion cone box is connected with the compression cavity upper cover and communicated with the conical compression cavities;
the spiral compression shafts are arranged in the conical compression cavity in a one-to-one correspondence manner, one end of each spiral compression shaft, which is close to the first driving mechanism, penetrates out of the front end of the conical compression cavity, and spiral blades are uniformly arranged on each spiral compression shaft;
the discharging pipes are arranged at the tail end of the conical compression cavity in a one-to-one correspondence manner and are used for discharging;
wherein the rotation directions of two adjacent spiral compression shafts are opposite;
the deep loosening and deep burying device is hinged to the rear of the shell, is connected with the discharging pipe and is used for deeply burying materials;
the first driving mechanism is fixedly arranged on the shell, is connected with the picking and cutting device, the spiral conveying device and the spiral compression shaft and is used for driving the picking and cutting device, the spiral conveying device and the spiral compression shaft to work simultaneously;
the second driving mechanism is fixedly arranged on the yarn kneading and thinning device, is connected with the yarn kneading and thinning device and is used for driving the yarn kneading and thinning device to work;
the straw is cut by the picking and cutting device, sequentially passes through the spiral conveying device, the yarn kneading and thinning device and the conical compression cavity, and is deeply buried by the deep loosening and deep burying device.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention provides a crushing, rubbing, screw compressing and densifying straw returning machine, which is based on a straw returning machine, and is characterized in that straw segments cut by the straw returning machine are further kneaded for finer crushing through crushing, rubbing, compressing and densifying processes, and then the density of the fine crushed silk-like straw logistics is increased through crushing, rubbing, screw compressing, and the straw is buried in a bottom plow layer in the process of deep scarification of a rear deep scarification shovel, so that the straw is deeply buried and returned to the field, and the straw is promoted to be decomposed.
(2) The hard stem nodes on the surface of the corn straw are damaged by crushing and rubbing the straw, so that the straw is soft grass thread, and the quick decomposition of the straw is facilitated.
(3) Straw is crushed and kneaded, and then is reasonably densified, so that the straw has obvious influence on the diversity of microorganisms, and the decomposition speed and nutrient release are faster.
(4) The method can realize the on-site full-quantity returning of the straws, increase the soil organic matter protection soil fertility and realize the sustainable development of agriculture.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the crushing, silk kneading, spiral compression and densification returning machine.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the crushing, silk-kneading, spiral compression and densification returning machine.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the casing of the returning machine according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the transmission device according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a transmission device of the yarn twisting and thinning device.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a driving device of the crushing and kneading screw compressing device.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the sprocket arrangement according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a pick-up chopper shaft according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the spiral conveying and blowing apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the filament kneading and thinning apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of the tensioning device according to the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the pulverizing, kneading and screw compressing device according to the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the pulverizing, kneading and screw compressing device according to the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of the deep scarification and deep burial soil preparation device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention by referring to the description.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a crushing, wire kneading, screw compressing and densifying field returning machine, which comprises a field returning machine shell 1, a power transmission device 2, a picking and shredding device 3, a screw conveying and blowing device 4, a wire kneading and thinning device 5, a screw compressing device 6 and a deep loosening and deep burying device 7.
As shown in fig. 3, the field returning machine housing 1 includes a side plate 100, a plate-type steel material 101, a cross beam 102, and a three-point suspension bar 103. The field returning machine shell is formed by welding a plurality of side plates 100, plate-type steel 101 and a beam 102, and a three-point suspension rod member 103 is hinged to the beam 102 of the field returning machine shell 1 through U-shaped bolts, T-shaped fixing members and the like.
As shown in fig. 4, the power transmission device 2 includes a gear box 200, a left cross shaft 201, a left power input V-pulley 202, a pick-up chopper shaft power input V-pulley 203, a pick-up chopper shaft power output V-pulley 204, an auger shaft V-pulley 205, a tensioner 206, and a V-belt 207. The input spline shaft of the gear box 200 is connected with the rear power output shaft of the tractor through a universal joint, the left power output shaft of the gear box 200 is connected with the left transverse shaft 201, and a chain wheel is arranged at the tail end of the longitudinal power output shaft of the gear box 200 and is used for providing power for the crushing wire-kneading screw compression device 6. The outer end of the left transverse shaft 201 is connected with a left power input V-pulley 202, and the left power input V-pulley 202 is connected with a pickup shredding shaft power input V-pulley 203 through a V-belt 207. The pick-up chopper shaft power take-off V-pulley 204 is connected to the auger shaft V-pulley 205 by a V-belt 207 with a tensioning device 206 disposed therebetween.
The power transmission of the yarn refining apparatus 5 shown in fig. 5 includes a hydraulic motor 208, a hydraulic motor V-pulley 209, a driving roller V-pulley 210, and a driven roller V-pulley 211. The hydraulic motor 208 is fixed on the outer side of the shell of the filament kneading and thinning device 5 through bolts, the hydraulic motor V belt pulley 209 is arranged on a power output shaft of the hydraulic motor 208, the hydraulic motor V belt pulley 209 is connected with the driving roller V belt pulley 210 through a V belt 207, and one side of the V belt 207 is wound on the circumferential surface of the driven roller V belt pulley 211 so as to realize the opposite rotation of the driving roller and the driven roller.
As shown in fig. 6, the power transmission of the screw compressor 6 includes a driving sprocket 212, a driven sprocket one 213, a driven sprocket two 214, a driven sprocket three 215, a driven sprocket four 216, a transition wheel 217, a transition wheel bracket 218, and a chain 219. The driving sprocket 212 is mounted on the longitudinal power output shaft of the gear box 200, the driven sprocket one 213, the driven sprocket two 214, the driven sprocket three 215 and the driven sprocket four 216 are respectively mounted on the front section of the spiral compression shaft, and circumferential and axial fixation is realized through metal keys and check rings. The sprocket, transition wheel 217, chain 219 are arranged as shown in fig. 7 such that adjacent driven sprockets rotate in opposite directions.
As shown in fig. 8, the pickup chopper apparatus 3 includes a slinger shaft 300, a slinger seat 301, a slinger 302, and a stationary knife 303. The swing shaft 300 is rotatably supported between the side plates 100 of the field machine housing 1. The flail knife holder 301 is welded to the outer circumferential surface of the flail knife shaft 300 in a regular manner. The flail 302 is hinged with the flail seat 301 through bolts. The fixed blade 303 is fixed to the bottom of the plate-type steel material 101 of the returning machine housing 1 by bolting.
As shown in fig. 9, the screw conveyor and blower 4 includes a screw auger shaft 400, a throwing hub blade 401, a throwing fan housing 402, and a flow guide pipe 403. The spiral auger shaft 400 is rotatably supported between the side plates 100 of the field returning machine shell 1, the throwing hub blades 401 are sleeved on the spiral auger shaft 400, the throwing fan shell 402 is welded on one side of the field returning machine shell 1, a blowing outlet in the vertical direction is formed, and the throwing fan shell is connected with the flow guide pipe 403 through bolts.
As shown in fig. 10, the yarn twisting and thinning device 5 comprises a yarn twisting box 500, a flow guiding inclined plate 501, a driving yarn twisting roller 502, a driven yarn twisting roller 503 and a tensioning device 504. The yarn kneading box body 500 is fixed on the field returning machine shell 1 through a mounting frame, the driving yarn kneading roller 502 and the driven yarn kneading roller 503 are rotatably supported between the left side plate and the right side plate of the yarn kneading box body 500, the rotation axis of the driving yarn kneading roller 502 can move within a certain range relative to the yarn kneading box body 500, and the rotation axis of the driven yarn kneading roller 503 is fixed relative to the yarn kneading box body 500. The peripheral outer surfaces of the driving yarn kneading roller 502 and the driven yarn kneading roller 503 are provided with convex edges, so that the straw kneading effect can be increased. The diversion inclined 501 plates are fixed on the inner walls of the front side plate and the rear side plate of the yarn kneading box body 500 through bolts and are positioned above the driving yarn kneading roller 502 and the driven yarn kneading roller 503.
As shown in fig. 11, the tensioning device 504 includes a fixed pin 5041, a rocker arm 5042, a tensioning lever 5043, a tensioning spring 5044, a pin 5045, a fastening nut 5046, and an L-shaped fixed block 5047. The fixed pin 5041 is welded on the outer side of the yarn kneading box 500, one end of the rocker 5042 is provided with a hole, the rocker 5042 is hinged with the fixed pin 5041, a bearing seat bearing and the like can be arranged at the position, close to the lower end, of the rocker 5042, and the rocker 5042 is provided with a hole in a machining mode and matched with the end of the active yarn kneading roll shaft 502. One end of the tensioning rod 5043 is provided with a hole, the other end of the tensioning rod 5043 is provided with a thread, one end of the tensioning rod 5043 with the hole at the lower end of the rocker arm 5042 is hinged with the hole through a pin shaft 5045, and one end of the thread is provided with a fastening nut 5046. The L-shaped fixing block 5047 is welded to the yarn kneading box 500, a through hole is formed in the non-welded side of the L-shaped fixing block, the tensioning rod 5043 penetrates through the through hole, the tensioning spring 5044 is sleeved on the tensioning rod 5043, one end of the tensioning spring 5044 abuts against the L-shaped fixing block 5047, and the other end of the tensioning spring 5044 is fixed by the fastening nut 5046. The tension spring 5044 remains in compression at all times.
As shown in fig. 12 and 13, the screw compressor 6 includes a guide cone 600, a compression chamber upper cover 601, a compression chamber lower bottom 602, a bearing housing assembly 603, a screw compression shaft 604, a discharge pipe 605, and a connecting bolt 606. The lower bottom 602 of the compression cavity is installed and fixed on the beam 102 of the returning machine shell 1, the upper cover 601 of the compression cavity is connected with the lower bottom 602 of the compression cavity through a connecting bolt 606, the upper cover 601 of the compression cavity is matched with the lower bottom 602 of the compression cavity to form a plurality of conical compression cavities, a spiral compression shaft 604 is installed between the formed compression cavities, and the spiral compression shaft 604 is matched with the upper cover 601 of the compression cavity and the lower bottom 602 through bearing pedestal assemblies 603. The helical blades on adjacent helical compression shafts 604 are counter-rotating. The small opening of the diversion cone box 600 is arranged on the upper cover 601 of the compression cavity, and the large opening is arranged at the lower end of the filament kneading and thinning device 5. One end of the discharging pipe 605 is arranged at the end opening of the compression cavity, and the other end is connected with the rear deep loosening and deep burying device 7.
As shown in fig. 14, the subsoiler 7 includes a subsoiler frame 700, a subsoiler 701, a three-point suspension device 702, and a compactor 703. The three-point suspension device 702 is fixed on the subsoiler frame 700 through a U-shaped bolt, and the three-point suspension device is hinged at the rear of the returning machine. The subsoiler 701 is equidistantly fixed to the front cross beam of the subsoiler frame 700 by means of U-bolts. A pair of adjusting plates 704 symmetrically arranged on both axial sides of the subsoiler frame 700, one end of each adjusting plate is fixedly connected with a rear cross beam of the subsoiler frame 700, and the other end of each adjusting plate is fan-shaped; a plurality of first adjustment holes 705 uniformly arranged along the sector radian direction; a pair of adjusting bars 706 symmetrically disposed at both sides of the subsoiler frame 700 in the axial direction, one end of which is fixedly connected to one end of the adjusting plate 704, and the other end of which is provided with a second adjusting hole 707; the roller shaft 708 is rotatably sleeved with a roller 703, and two ends of the roller shaft are fixedly connected with the other ends of the corresponding adjusting rods 706 respectively; a pin (not shown in the drawings) is inserted into the corresponding first adjustment hole 705 and the second adjustment hole 707 for adjusting the height of the press 703, i.e., adjusting the working height of the press 703 through different mounting holes (first adjustment holes 705).
The working process comprises the following steps:
the crushing, rubbing, screw compressing and densifying returning machine is suspended behind a tractor through a three-point suspension rod piece 103, and a rear power output shaft of the tractor is connected with a power input spline shaft of a gear transmission box 200 of the straw returning machine through a universal joint, so that the power of the tractor is transmitted to the straw returning machine. The power is output by a left power output shaft through a gear transmission box 200, the left power output shaft drives a left transverse shaft 201 to rotate, a left power input V belt pulley 202 is further rotated, a pickup cutting shaft V belt pulley 203 is driven to rotate through the action of a V belt 207, a slinger shaft 300 is finally driven to rotate, a slinger 302 hinged to the circumferential surface of the slinger shaft 300 rotates at a high speed, picked straws are driven to rotate, the straws are crushed under the action of a fixed cutter 303, and the straws are tangentially thrown to the spiral conveying and blowing device 4. The throwing cutter shaft 300 rotates, so that the power output V belt wheel 204 of the picking and cutting shaft rotates, the V belt 207 acts on the V belt wheel 205 of the cutter Long Fengji shaft is driven to rotate, and finally the auger shaft is driven to rotate. The large crushed straws thrown by the picking and cutting device 3 enter a conveying space formed by the spiral auger blades, the large crushed straws enter a gap between the throwing hub blade 401 and the throwing fan shell 402 under the pushing of the spiral blades, and the large crushed straws enter the guide pipe 403 under the impact of the blades and the blowing action of wind force and are blown into the yarn kneading and thinning device 5.
The hydraulic motor 208 of the yarn kneading and thinning device 5 rotates to drive the hydraulic motor V belt pulley 209 to rotate, the V belt 207 drives the driving roller V belt pulley 210 to rotate, the V belt is coated on the driven roller driven wheel 211 at a certain coating angle, and under the action of friction force, the V belt drives the driven roller driven wheel 211 to rotate, so that the driving yarn kneading roller 502 and the driven yarn kneading roller 503 do differential opposite rotation, the driving yarn kneading roller 502 does anticlockwise rotation, and the driven yarn kneading roller 503 does clockwise rotation. A certain gap exists between the driving and driven kneading rollers, and the large straws blown by the spiral conveying and blowing device 4 fall into the gap, so that the gap always ensures certain kneading pressure on the straws under the action of the tensioning device 504, and the kneading and thinning effects are ensured. When the amount of straw in the gap is small, the tensioning spring 5044 of the tensioning device 504 stretches to drive the active yarn kneading roller 503 to rotate clockwise around 5041, the gap between the yarn kneading rollers is correspondingly reduced, when the amount of straw in the gap is large, the tensioning spring 5044 of the tensioning device 504 is compressed to drive the active yarn kneading roller 503 to rotate anticlockwise around 5041, the gap between the yarn kneading rollers is correspondingly increased, and the kneading pressure is ensured and meanwhile blockage is prevented. The straw which is further kneaded and thinned at the moment is in a flocculent state, falls down from the gap between the kneading rollers and enters the screw compression device 6.
The spiral compression device is driven by a chain sprocket to make opposite rotation movement with adjacent spiral compression shafts, the catkin-shaped straws falling from the yarn kneading and thinning device 5 fall into a compression cavity below, the catkin-shaped straws are compressed under the pushing of the spiral blades along with the continuous reduction of the cross section area of the compression cavity, the density is obviously increased, and along with the continuous rotation of the spiral blades, the compressed straw flows are pushed to the discharging pipe 605 and then pushed to the rear deep scarification and deep burial soil preparation device 7.
The subsoiler 7 moves forward under the forward power of the tractor, and the subsoiler 701 subsoils the soil plow. At the rear of the double-wing subsoiler 701, a certain gap appears in the soil, the outlet of the discharging pipe 605 of the screw compression device 6 is right behind the subsoiler 701, and the compressed straw flow pushed out by the discharging pipe 605 enters the gap behind the subsoiler 701 and is buried deeply by the fallen soil, and the rear compactor 703 performs leveling operation on the surface of the soil.
The invention provides a crushing, rubbing, screw compressing and densifying straw returning machine, which is based on a straw returning machine, and is characterized in that straw segments cut by the straw returning machine are further kneaded for finer crushing through crushing, rubbing, compressing and densifying processes, and then the density of the fine crushed silk-like straw logistics is increased through crushing, rubbing, screw compressing, and the straw is buried in a bottom plow layer in the process of deep scarification of a rear deep scarification shovel, so that the straw is deeply buried and returned to the field, and the straw is promoted to be decomposed. The hard stem nodes on the surface of the corn straw are damaged by crushing and rubbing the straw, so that the straw is soft grass thread, and the quick decomposition of the straw is facilitated. Straw is crushed and kneaded, and then is reasonably densified, so that the straw has obvious influence on the diversity of microorganisms, and the decomposition speed and nutrient release are faster. The method can realize the on-site full-quantity returning of the straws, increase the soil organic matter protection soil fertility and realize the sustainable development of agriculture.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown and described, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and accordingly, the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined in the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a smash and rub silk screw compression densification straw still field machine which characterized in that includes:
a housing; and
a pick-up and shredding device mounted on the housing;
a screw conveyor disposed on the housing rearward of the pick-up chopper;
the yarn kneading and thinning device comprises a yarn kneading box body, a flow guiding inclined plate, a driving yarn kneading roller, a driven yarn kneading roller and a tensioning device; the silk kneading box body is fixed on the field returning machine shell through the mounting frame, the driving silk kneading roller and the driven silk kneading roller are rotatably supported between the left side plate and the right side plate of the silk kneading box body, the rotation axis of the driving silk kneading roller can do a motion within a certain range relative to the silk kneading box body, and the rotation axis of the driven silk kneading roller is fixed relative to the silk kneading box body; the external surfaces of the circumferences of the driving yarn kneading roller and the driven yarn kneading roller are provided with convex edges, so that the kneading effect on straw can be increased; the diversion inclined plates are fixed on the inner walls of the front side plate and the rear side plate of the yarn kneading box body through bolts and are positioned above the driving yarn kneading roller and the driven yarn kneading roller;
the tensioning device comprises a fixed pin shaft, a rocker arm, a tensioning rod, a tensioning spring, a pin shaft, a fastening nut and an L-shaped fixed block; the fixed pin shaft is welded on the outer side of the wire kneading box body, one end of the rocker arm is provided with a hole and hinged with the fixed pin shaft, a bearing seat bearing is arranged at the position, close to the lower end, of the rocker arm and is matched with the end of the active wire kneading roller shaft, and the lower end of the rocker arm is provided with a hole; one end of the tensioning rod is provided with a hole, the other end of the tensioning rod is provided with a thread, one end of the tensioning rod with the hole at the lower end of the rocker arm is hinged with the hole at the lower end of the rocker arm through a pin shaft, and one end of the thread is provided with a fastening nut; the L-shaped fixing block is welded on the wire kneading box body, a through hole is formed in the non-welded side of the L-shaped fixing block, the tensioning rod passes through the through hole, the tensioning spring is sleeved on the tensioning rod, one end of the tensioning spring abuts against the L-shaped fixing block, and the other end of the tensioning spring is fixed by the fastening nut;
the driven yarn kneading roller is axially arranged in the yarn kneading box body, is arranged in a gap with the driving yarn kneading roller, and two ends of the driven yarn kneading roller are rotatably arranged on the yarn kneading box body;
the tensioning spring is always in a compressed state, and the driving yarn kneading roller and the driven yarn kneading roller move in opposite directions;
the screw compression device is arranged on the shell right below the wire kneading box body and is communicated with the wire kneading box body, and the tail end of the screw compression device is provided with a discharge pipe;
the deep loosening and deep burying device is hinged to the rear of the shell, is connected with a discharging pipe of the spiral compression device and is used for deeply burying materials;
the first driving mechanism is fixedly arranged on the shell, is connected with the picking and cutting device, the spiral conveying device and the spiral compression device and is used for driving the picking and cutting device, the spiral conveying device and the spiral compression device to work simultaneously;
the second driving mechanism is fixedly arranged on the yarn kneading box body, is connected with the driving yarn kneading roller and is used for driving the driving yarn kneading roller and the driven yarn kneading roller to work simultaneously;
the straw is cut by the picking and cutting device, sequentially passes through the spiral conveying device, the yarn kneading box body and the spiral compression device, and is deeply buried by the deep loosening and deep burying device;
the screw compression device includes:
the upper large opening of the diversion cone box is communicated with the yarn kneading box body in a sealing way;
a compression chamber upper cover;
the compression cavity lower bottom is buckled with the compression cavity upper cover, and a plurality of conical compression cavities are formed by surrounding the compression cavity lower bottom and the compression cavity upper cover;
the small opening at the lower part of the diversion cone box is connected with the compression cavity upper cover and is communicated with the conical compression cavity;
the spiral compression shafts are arranged in the conical compression cavity in a one-to-one correspondence manner, one end of each spiral compression shaft, which is close to the first driving mechanism, penetrates out of the front end of the conical compression cavity, and spiral blades are uniformly arranged on each spiral compression shaft;
the discharge pipes are arranged at the tail ends of the conical compression cavities in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
wherein the rotation directions of two adjacent spiral compression shafts are opposite.
2. The shredder, wire kneading, helical compacting and densifying straw returning machine of claim 1, wherein said pick-up and shredding device comprises:
the two ends of the swing cutter shaft are respectively rotatably supported on the two side plates of the shell;
the plurality of knife throwing seats are uniformly arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the knife throwing shaft;
the flail knives are respectively hinged to the flail knife holders;
the fixed cutters are respectively and fixedly installed on the shell, and the cutting edges of the fixed cutters are arranged towards the flail cutter shaft.
3. The pulverizing, kneading, screw compressing and densifying straw returning machine as claimed in claim 2, wherein said screw conveyor comprises:
the spiral auger shafts are arranged behind the flail knife shafts at intervals in parallel and synchronously move with the flail knife shafts, and spiral conveying blades are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the spiral auger shafts;
the lower part of the throwing fan shell is sleeved at one end of a spiral auger shaft positioned in the conveying direction of the spiral conveying blade and is provided with an opening;
the lower part of the flow guide pipe is communicated with the throwing fan shell in a sealing way, and the upper part of the flow guide pipe is communicated with the wire kneading box body in a sealing way;
the throwing wheel hub blade is arranged on the side of the opening at the lower part in the throwing fan shell, sleeved on the spiral auger shaft and used for conveying materials to the wire kneading box body.
4. The pulverizing, kneading, screw compressing and densifying straw returning machine as defined in claim 3, wherein said deep loosening and deep burying device comprises:
the deep loosening shovel frame is hinged to the rear of the shell through a three-point suspension device;
the subsoilers are fixedly arranged on the front cross beam of the subsoiler frame at equal intervals along the axial direction of the subsoiler frame, and the outlet of the discharging pipe is right opposite to the rear of the subsoiler;
the adjusting plates are symmetrically arranged on two axial sides of the subsoiler frame, one end of each adjusting plate is fixedly connected with the rear cross beam of the subsoiler frame, and the other end of each adjusting plate is fan-shaped;
the first adjusting holes are uniformly arranged along the direction of the radian of the sector;
the adjusting rods are symmetrically arranged on two axial sides of the subsoiler frame, one end of each adjusting rod is fixedly connected with one end of the adjusting plate, and the other end of each adjusting rod is provided with a second adjusting hole;
the roller shaft is rotatably sleeved with a roller, and two ends of the roller shaft are fixedly connected with the other ends of the corresponding adjusting rods respectively;
and the pin shaft is inserted into the corresponding first adjusting hole and the second adjusting hole and is used for adjusting the height of the press.
5. The shredder, wire kneading, helical compacting and densifying straw returning machine of claim 4, wherein said first driving mechanism comprises:
the transition wheel bracket is fixedly arranged on the shell between the conical compression cavity and the first driving mechanism, through holes are axially and uniformly formed in the transition wheel bracket, and one end of the spiral compression shaft penetrating out of the conical compression cavity can rotate to penetrate through the corresponding through hole;
the driven chain wheels are sleeved at one end of the spiral compression shaft penetrating out of the front end of the conical compression cavity in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the driving chain wheel is fixedly connected with a longitudinal output shaft of the first driving mechanism;
and the chain is sequentially wound around the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket, adjacent driven sprockets are positioned on two sides of the chain and used for driving the driving sprocket and the driven sprockets to synchronously rotate, and adjacent driven sprockets reversely rotate.
6. The shredder, wire kneading, helical compacting and densifying straw returning machine of claim 5, wherein said first driving mechanism further comprises:
one end of the transverse shaft is fixedly connected with the transverse output end of the first driving mechanism;
the power input belt wheel is fixedly sleeved at the other end of the transverse shaft;
the picking and chopping shaft power input belt wheel is fixedly sleeved at one end of the flail knife shaft positioned on the same side of the power input belt wheel;
a first belt wound around the power input pulley and the pick-up chopper shaft power input pulley for driving the cross shaft and the flail shaft to rotate synchronously;
the power output belt wheel of the picking-up and cutting shaft is fixedly sleeved at the other end of the flail knife shaft;
the auger fan shaft belt wheel is fixedly sleeved at one end of the auger fan shaft positioned at the same side of the power output belt wheel;
the second belt is wound around the power output belt wheel of the picking and cutting shaft and the belt wheel of the auger fan shaft and is used for driving the flail knife shaft and the auger fan shaft to synchronously rotate;
and the tensioning device is arranged on a second belt between the power output belt wheel of the pick-up shredding shaft and the belt wheel of the auger fan shaft and is used for tensioning the second belt.
7. The shredder, wire kneading, helical compacting and densifying straw returning machine of claim 6, wherein said second driving mechanism comprises:
a hydraulic motor pulley provided at an output end of the second driving mechanism;
the driving roller belt wheel is fixedly sleeved at one end of the driving yarn kneading roller positioned at the same side of the hydraulic motor belt wheel;
the driven roller belt wheel is fixedly sleeved at one end of the driven yarn kneading roller positioned at the same side of the hydraulic motor belt wheel;
and the third belt is wound around the hydraulic motor belt pulley, the driving roller belt pulley and the driven roller belt pulley in sequence, and the driving roller belt pulley and the driven roller belt pulley are positioned at two sides of the third belt and used for driving the driving yarn kneading roller and the driven yarn kneading roller to synchronously move in opposite directions.
8. The shredder wire-kneading helical compacting densified straw returning machine according to claim 7, wherein the housing comprises two side plates and a plurality of cross beams;
the two side plates are symmetrically arranged at intervals, two ends of the cross beams are fixedly connected with the two side plates respectively, and the shell is suspended at the rear of the tractor through the three-point suspension device.
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