CN1103092C - Airport guidance system, in particular airport surface movement guidance and control system - Google Patents

Airport guidance system, in particular airport surface movement guidance and control system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1103092C
CN1103092C CN97193105A CN97193105A CN1103092C CN 1103092 C CN1103092 C CN 1103092C CN 97193105 A CN97193105 A CN 97193105A CN 97193105 A CN97193105 A CN 97193105A CN 1103092 C CN1103092 C CN 1103092C
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China
Prior art keywords
airport
guide system
radar
airport ground
traffic guide
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN97193105A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1214139A (en
Inventor
罗伯特·卡斯托
洛萨·贝尔格
安德烈·杰鲁
佩·I·斯卡尔
艾纳·亨里克森
弗雷德里克·伯格－尼尔森
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OSLO LUFTHAVN AS
Siemens AG
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OSLO LUFTHAVN AS
Siemens AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/06—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC] for control when on the ground
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/06—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC] for control when on the ground
    • G08G5/065—Navigation or guidance aids, e.g. for taxiing or rolling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/91—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for traffic control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/0017—Arrangements for implementing traffic-related aircraft activities, e.g. arrangements for generating, displaying, acquiring or managing traffic information
    • G08G5/0026—Arrangements for implementing traffic-related aircraft activities, e.g. arrangements for generating, displaying, acquiring or managing traffic information located on the ground
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/0073—Surveillance aids
    • G08G5/0082—Surveillance aids for monitoring traffic from a ground station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/91—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for traffic control
    • G01S2013/916—Airport surface monitoring [ASDE]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an airport surface movement guidance and control system (SMGCS) involving detection, integrated processing and graphic representation of the relevant, in particular with respect to safety, positions and movements of aeroplanes and, optionally, vehicles on the runway, taxiways and the apron and in the relevant control zone (CTR), detection being performed by at least one radar in the period between flight movement and stopping in the parking position. The relevant data, which are concentrated, are shown on a monitor of at least one controller in the form of an image and/or characters or numbers so that operational guidance of surface movement can be prepared and performed.

Description

The airport ground traffic guide system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of airport ground traffic guide system (Surface Movement Guidanceand Contro1 System, SMGCS).
Background technology
The airport ground guidance system is known, for example at the separate edition BRITE II der N.V.ADB S.A.Zaventem of 1995 International airports exhibitions (InterAirport1995) distribution, just introduces among the BruesselAP.01.810e.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: the system that the sensor that described employing is configured in ground carries out work designs, make it under all weather conditions, to guarantee the optimization of airport ground traffic, and improve the takeoff and landing capacity on an airport with the safe reliability of maximum possible with this system.The flexibility input that wherein has the personnel in the conning-tower that also should be included in of superiority.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following measure: the airport ground traffic guide system is positioned at land, airport (runway by detection and integrated processing; hire out the track; the hardstand) and at the aircraft of the sky, airport (CTR) also comprise the of great concern of vehicle; especially position and the motion about security comes work; wherein in the detection of the aircraft of the sky, airport (CTR) then by a radar in the aircraft flight motion and be in the stop position quiescent period and carry out; wherein these of great concern data in a centralized fashion at least one navigator's monitor form and the digital form with image and/or literal show, can prepare thus and carry out the guiding of traffic above-ground operation.System according to the present invention surveys necessary all motions of guiding traffic above-ground with particularly advantageous method, by this system, then can set up control of a kind of integrated airport and guidance system, with this system can prevent ground and take off and the landing process in the maximum possible safety conditions of collision under implementation traffic above-ground optimization.
Awing, aircraft is assisted by the navigation of ground support and is avoided collision.In its final landing mission, various landing supplementary meanss non-optical and optics help aircraft to keep its predetermined glide path in addition.After aircraft landed, airplane motion was on the most dangerous a section of its distance.Most of accidents have been proved to be generation on the ground.Traffic above-ground guidance system according to the present invention herein plays booster action further, carries out continual monitoring and guiding with it.A kind of system so also is called advanced person (A) type traffic above-ground guidance system (Advanced-(A)-Surface Movement Guidance andControl System), is a kind of unredeemed so far hope.But as described herein, this hope here can be implemented first.
In improvement of the present invention design, for example can by means of the answer signal of radio transmitting-answering machine or interrupted oscillation signal or distinguishing mark and radio communication device through also being used to transmit instruction to aircraft the motion on the place, airport also survey and guide operation.Can greatly improve aircraft crash-resistant security in traffic above-ground like this, and this traffic above-ground continues still in the hardstand scope especially up to now do not moving with not adding control.In addition can be further to aircraft take off and the landing scope in operation survey and guide operation.Like this EARLY RECOGNITION by the traffic virtual condition being departed from institute's projected state (for example one to hire out the track still occupied, and it should early will be available), optimize the ground motion planning and improve security simultaneously.
By not only using at least one primary radar but also use at least one secondary radar further to improve security, wherein primary radar be used to determine under the orientation secondary radar on the place, airport is then using the condition of emission-answering machine, preferably taking off and the landing scope in be used for discerning.According to the present invention, ground identification is to keep this identification signal to carry out from the identification signal of landing radar (secondary radar) and in incipient traffic from the identification signal of stopping navigational system (Docking Guidance System) and by the target of following the trail of primary radar by being received in the ongoing traffic.Be further to improve security and reliability, will detect according to the present invention aircraft and ground on be equipped with emission-answering machine vehicle answering machine interrupted oscillation signal and when discerning, determine accurate position by polygon calculating to the signal due in.Therefore can to the aircraft in the traffic scope on an airport and other vehicle implement at any time, redundancy recognition.
System according to the present invention has gliding motility planning parts, can advise sliding the whether collisionless danger of guided path and this route of self-verifying to the navigator with it.This planning parts and the inspection of collisionless danger carried out by a hard-wired software, corresponding security features is transfused in this software.Simultaneously also guarantee under different weather conditions, to allow aircraft keep minimum spacing by this software.This planning software also comprises the middle stop position that is used for aircraft, this position can guarantee aircraft equally the hardstand scope also avoid the collision.Flight planning has advantageously been formed on the basis of planning.The landing motion of taking off of boarding a plane on large-scale airport is not spontaneous carrying out, but plans according to flight planning, is like this to stopping which door equally yet.
In the airport ground traffic guide system, demonstration necessary on navigator's monitor is to carry out through a subsystem of video (processor) of knowing for people.This radar video subsystem for example can be buied from HITT company, and an example of this respect can be with reference to publishing at magazine " Jane's Airport Review, September nineteen ninety-five, the 7th volume; the 7th phase, the 46th page " (Jane ' s Airport Review, Sept.1995, Volume7, Issue7, Seite46).A kind of like this system is not a content of the present invention.
In the radar video subsystem, input adopts higher data set moderate and more detailed data input to show according to the data of BRITE II system, its situation just as if from the combined system of the radar video subsystem of known BRITE-II system and HITT company draw like that.It is not unessential purpose that same this point also is one of the present invention.
More advantageously, demonstration on the monitor, for example resemble that actual radar video shows or a synthetic radar map and/or a synthetic simulation drawing of a reflection aerodrome traffic road, by means of have window that state shows, shift row and reply row etc. and together with the on off state of taxiway-illumination stage, stop mark post etc. can centralized displaying on a monitor.This centralized displaying depend on each traffic flow flux constantly of airport, such as may only need taking a location of controls at night, and, then form more control device position in the morning along with the continuous increase of traffic flow flux.Correspondingly then carry out distribution to each navigator's responsibility in the conning-tower.
The submitting preferably of responsibility carried out in monitor window shows submits and carries out after replying, and can carry out reliable working position like this and distribute.Process wherein is primely corresponding to such process: known those processes in no runway (Stripless) the tissue system for use in carrying in a conning-tower.An example of this respect sees publication " TECOS terminal coherent system; Siemens AG Representation; publication number 02963.0,1996 year " (TECOS Terminal Coordination System, Ident.Nr.02963.0.der Siemens AG von1996).
When using a kind of big plane picture screen to be used to show each window and radar video signal etc., when especially taking the form of touch screen, just can carry out aforementioned process especially primely.In a kind of such contact screen, both can for example contact stopping mark post or hire out roadway segment and connect on formed synthetic video shows by contacting each point, also can be by connecting with click or the switching point that operates on the monitor edge.Can in the visual range of controller, operated switching point on all control stands of cutting apart so far be put together primely like this.The reliability of operation can be improved thus, and the switching process that is performed can be directly controlled and handle.
Concentrate for data necessary, earlier all data are carried out digitizing, also comprise the guinea pig data.It is helpful especially adopting figure extraction method (Plot-extraction) under the condition synthetic relevant with taking into account sensor by means of data for this reason.All data all adopt a unified format, pay radar video then and show or a complete composite diagram.
For improving the reliability of planning and considering emergency condition; system provides aircraft aerial exercise data farther; also provide if possible by taking off and landing place that general purpose radar, especially differential expression general purpose radar are detected, that is aircraft is sliding the place and is being also included within position in the parking area.Adopt general purpose radar to improve the reliability of this respect, because can utilize additional positional information thus.Because the unreliability of general purpose radar function, particularly in the unreliability of termination environment, therefore this form only is being used as subsidiary function aspect the raising reliability.Actual traffic above-ground guiding is by the sensor of more reliable radar data and the support of other ground and is undertaken by navigator's visual inspection.These sensors also can be optical sensors, for example are used for the sensor with laser instrument or line scan camera form in the stop scope, other version of system unit is asked for an interview dependent claims 18～21.
About the parking system aspect, when be transfused to into the synthetic and sensor associative operation of data by the position data that this parking system provided in and when therefrom being output thereafter, then can improve reliability primely.When carrying out aforesaid operations under the condition of considering the stop position plan, when also soon their same considerations will be in traffic above-ground planning, then can further improve reliability.
Description of drawings
Describe the present invention in detail by accompanying drawing below, can further understand material particular of the present invention from accompanying drawing and from dependent claims, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the simple diagrammatic sketch according to the ingredient of the traffic above-ground guidance system of a form of implementation of prior art,
Fig. 2 is interactional simple diagrammatic sketch between the traffic above-ground guidance system each several part,
Fig. 3 is the rendering graphical of an actual radar video display,
Fig. 4 one has the rendering graphical of the synthetic video display that window shows,
Fig. 5 is the general diagrammatic sketch of the important information that transmitted.
Embodiment
Content shown in Fig. 1 by above-mentioned publication AP.01.810e as can be known, 1 expression airport LAN (Local Area Network) wherein, the locational monitor of 2 expression one navigators, 3 expression monitors 4 are then represented the printer of maintenance service computing machine.Monitor 2 can be common monitor, also can be flat panel formula screen monitor, particularly touch screen formula monitor.5 expression line load controllers, 6 expression BRITE-PC machines, this machine must be combined in the automatic traffic control conning-tower monitor.Fig. 1 represents prior art.Being used for handling the necessary software of BRITE II system is arranged in BRITE main frame 8 and realizes desirable on off state at BRITE unit device 9.BRITE unit device is connected with sensor 10, and sensor 10 can comparatively optionally design.As shown in the figure, BRITE unit device is positioned on the series line road, so that can guarantee all unit devices same brightness is arranged.In shown present technology, do not provide a kind of connection of data type to the airport radar system.
In contrast, traffic above-ground guidance system form of implementation according to the present invention has an integrated controller working position, primely based on X window and open loop structure.The synthesis type of implementing a kind of combination map, target data, conflict report, flight plan data are arranged, stop mark post data and identification light data by former video display (actual displayed video device) shows herein.
Be provided with sensing technology in integrated framework, it can show the combination of different sensors, at first shows the combination of different radar systems.Sensing data will be combined, to guarantee to obtain a kind of wireless monitor.
Data processing is carried out through a Multi-Sensor Tracking and Mk system, and this system has the same flight plan data of sensing data, illuminating lamp data and berth/and the door distribute data carries out the function of relevant treatment.On this basis, then carry out control to aerodrome traffic.
11 expressions have the information chunk of monitoring with sensing data among Fig. 2, and 12 expressions are used as the process of monitoring, 13 expression controllers, aspect contents such as pilot.14 expression one high-speed data networks (airport LAN (Local Area Network), Airport LAN), it is configured to trouble-free, anti-power down system.In this system, yet flow into from square 15 that is from the information of peripheral service equipment.From the airport personnel aspect, carrying out the control shown in the square 16, equally also comprise necessary data input herein.The employed important system parts of square 17 final expressions.
Fig. 3 itself is fully aware of, and it illustrates an actual radar video figure.It constitutes the basis of used sensing technology.Sensing system transmits about the position of all aircrafts and vehicle, also comprise data such as speed and direction and discriminating number.The orientation that further also has position shown in the information of relevant stationary object and their relative aircrafts and the vehicle.The radar video image is replenished by the data of static sensors, especially those data important concerning the radar defiladed area.The combination of all sensor as aforementioned has provided the complete information of relevant aerodrome traffic.
Among Fig. 4,20 expressions are such as a runway, and 21 express and hire a car.Hiring out things 22 such as having the mark post of stopping on the track, for simplicity, be not shown specifically illuminating lamp and signal indicating device among the figure.Fig. 4 illustrates an effective composite video image, also is the video image of prior art in this regard.This new composite video image is designed in more detail according to the present invention.The window of 23 expression flight plannings shows.24,25,26 and 27 represent other the flight planning and the window of distribution.Self-evident, can be on a big plane picture display screen with enough sizes and clearly ordering show above-mentioned and other data.Adopt its advantage of plane picture display screen such as obtaining lower use height and other system can being installed or providing the position for other system.
In Fig. 5, what introduce in the square 30 is each material particular that composite video image comprises.31 illustrate two kinds of sensors, and they can carry out work on the most different bases.Wherein the most important thing is the cooperation work sensor, they also verify the identity of aircraft simultaneously.The essential characteristic of 32 expression traffic control systems.33 expression subsidiary functions, it is very important that these functions seem when mishap takes place especially.Can be practically shown in 34 with aircraft vectoring to runway with hire out the track so that the part in the tarmac area then illustrates the robotization of berthing that available different sensors (laser instrument, line scan camera, microwave receiver, differential general purpose radar etc.) is carried out in 36.Different pieces of information in the system of remittance shown in 35 is integrated at last.
Self-evident, when each parts as herein described are not to be combined into fully in the system but as each when independently system is driven, or ought abandon certain parts fully, for example during the automatic parking system on having the less airport of less parking place, still can use according to system of the present invention.The significant data of the position of relevant aircraft of integrated processing and vehicle and motion conditions and the sort of basis that can decompose control task will exist as solution according to the present invention on a working position.

Claims (21)

1. airport ground traffic guide system has:
Gadget comprises at least one radar, is used for position and motion at aircraft hunter during the process that drops to stop position in the air;
A plurality of traffic above-ground telltales, be used for vector aircraft, wherein said a plurality of traffic above-ground telltale comprises that telltale on the runway, the signal of hiring out telltale, the telltale on the hardstand and parking place on the track and wherein said a plurality of traffic above-ground telltale comprise and is used to export the signal condition of traffic signal devices and the interface of receiving state signal order;
Disposal system is used for comprehensively being detected by described gadget and by the detected data of described detecting device and by the indicated signal condition of described interface;
As the output unit of comprehensive data be provided in the synthesis type graphic display system of at least one monitor at least one approach tower controller, comprise the aircraft position in the airport ground and the sky, airport and the radar video of motion, and the video of the signal condition of described traffic above-ground telltale shows;
Input equipment is configured to allow the controller input be used for the signal condition order of described a plurality of traffic above-ground telltales.
2. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: by means of the answer signal of for example launching-promise device or interrupted oscillation signal and the distinguishing mark and the wireless communication means that also can be used to transmit instruction survey and guide the motion of operating aircraft on the place, airport.
3. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: to aircraft take off and the landing scope in motion survey and guide operation.
4. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: it has a primary radar and/or secondary radar, wherein primary radar is used for the location on the place, airport, secondary radar then utilize preferably taking off under the condition of emission-answering machine and the landing scope in be used for discerning.
5. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: it has a polygon computing system, and it determines the exact position in the condition of using answering machine interrupted oscillation signal generator by the polygon calculating to the signal due in identification.
6. as claim 4 or 5 described airport ground traffic guide systems, it is characterized in that: when surveying, be to utilize that data source is carried out and under the condition that it is kept in the airport ground traffic guide system, show the identification that is detected aircraft with primary radar.
7. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: it has aircraft taxi motion planning parts, plan that with it one collisionlessly slides traffic under the condition of taking into account landing direction at that time, and under the condition of taking into account the necessary security distance, plan other traffic above-ground according to weather classification CATI-III.
8. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: the monitor state that is designed to have shows, shift show, with the form of going with reply capable form and wait the window display structure that shows.
9. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: in this system, be shown the taxilight section, stop mark post and all other necessary for the guiding traffic above-ground, with joining telltale of the information of other relevant security and on off state thereof.
10. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: the data of gathering for system can be assigned to location of controls according to the traffic conditions that the airport occurred at that time and can handle according to responsibility separately.
11. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that: the transmission of responsibility is carried out on monitor or auxiliary monitor with window display format after transmission is replied.
12. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 11; it is characterized in that: accept from the landing scope to the runway range of control; through hiring out that the track range of control arrive the responsibility of hardstand range of control again and with the responsibility of opposite order acceptance to take-off process; by reorganization electronic flight passage and indicate that each responsibility realizes in monitor window, also show or synthetic a demonstration in conjunction with radar video.
13. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that: radar data is the radar data that the band figure extracts, with taxi guidance lights, landing light and takeoff runway lamp and other the sensor element that comprises the parts of emission-answering machine, synthetic and sensor correlativity is processed into a uniform data format together by means of data, fully digitalization and deliver to radarscope then or the monitor that is combined into a synthetic fully image and/or delivers to other shows.
14. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that: radar video shows and also to comprise and have the window that state shows, transmits row and replys row etc., be displayed on a display screen diagonal greater than on 19 inches the planar graph display screen, this display screen is designed to touch screen, and has the on-off element that is used for airfield lighting lamp and voice communication.
15. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that: it provides the motion of aircraft in the farther sky, the position of taking off and landing detected by general purpose radar also is provided, knows the information of the position of berthing space sliding the district.
16. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that: it has the maintenance calculations machine of a band monitor, wherein can show necessary maintenance and repair work and lamp damaged condition.
17. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that: the airfield lighting lamp is designed to respectively addressable naturally and has EPROM for this reason.
18. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that: it has an airport data transmission system, and this system adopts optical fiber transmission technique, and concentric cable and/or paired cable carry out work in the redundant transmission mode.
19. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 18, it is characterized in that: it has the system of berthing automatically, this system adopts the optical detection means, determine the aircraft position by line scan camera or laser radar, also be used for the aircraft that arrived by optical detection by means of an emission-answering machine recognition system.
20. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that: it is synthetic and also therefrom be output conversely during sensor is relevant that the position data that is provided by parking system is transfused to into data.
21. airport ground traffic guide system as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that: the selection of stop position, take and status report be carry out according to flight planning and be presented on the monitor.
CN97193105A 1996-02-29 1997-02-28 Airport guidance system, in particular airport surface movement guidance and control system Expired - Fee Related CN1103092C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19607734 1996-02-29
DE19607727 1996-02-29
DE19607734.6 1996-02-29
DE19607720 1996-02-29
DE19607720.6 1996-02-29
DE19607727.3 1996-02-29

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CN1214139A CN1214139A (en) 1999-04-14
CN1103092C true CN1103092C (en) 2003-03-12

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EP (1) EP0883873B1 (en)
KR (1) KR100351343B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1103092C (en)
AT (1) ATE188060T1 (en)
BR (1) BR9707716A (en)
CA (1) CA2248296A1 (en)
DE (1) DE59700890D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2141598T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3032924T3 (en)
HK (1) HK1017471A1 (en)
NO (1) NO983645L (en)
PT (1) PT883873E (en)
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