CN110303038A - Rice field integrates breeding technology ecology repairing heavy metal in soil method for governing pollution - Google Patents

Abstract

The important technology innovation that the comprehensive breeding technology ecology repairing heavy metal in soil method for governing pollution invention in rice field is related in heavy metal pollution of soil improvement field, it is transformed using the rice field of the comprehensive breeding technology in rice field, fertilising, disinfection, the restoration of the ecosystem that the implementation process of the production links such as field management administers heavy metal pollution of soil reaches promising result, it is the Scientific application that the comprehensive breeding technology in rice field administers field in heavy metal pollution of soil, it is at high cost to solve current methods for curing heavy metal contamination in soil, without output, it is unsustainable, it is not reproducible, the problem of public participation degree is low or even attends to one thing and lose sight of another and can not implement, it is real environmental protection and energy saving, repairing effect is lasting, land restoration output is promoted, convenient for promoting, easily operated ideal reparation mode.

Description

Rice field integrates breeding technology ecology repairing heavy metal in soil method for governing pollution

Technical field

The important technology innovation that this technology invention is related in heavy metal pollution of soil improvement field, is agricultural production Complex art application.By the comprehensive breeding technology of scientific utilization agricultural production, reaches and solve paddy soil heavy metal pollution The effect of restoration of the ecosystem is administered, while solving that the heavy metal pollution repairing and treating that faces at present is at high cost, attend to one thing and lose sight of another, can not It persistently, is a major transformation of Heavy Metal Pollution Control method a series of problems, such as the popularization of mode difficulty, land restoration output, It is also the breakthrough of CERCLA directed thinking.

Background technique

Currently used heavy metal pollution of soil, which administers repairing method, to be had very much, and wherein physical restoration has soil improvement by importing soil from other places, soil removal and replacement Method and deep plowing method, electric heating repairing method, vitrification, Electroremediation etc.；Chemical restoration has chemical fixation, soil Elution, phytoremediation (including plant stability or solidification, plant absorption, phytovolatilization, plant degradation) etc., although all carrying out A degree of research, test effect also have, but can not promote because of some somewhat expensives, some be limitation it is too strong and Popularization face is limited, some are that laboratory's effect and pilot scale gap can not be promoted greatly very much.Just at present in the depth of popularity application Although turn over, lie fallow, optimize moisture control, soil conditioner, straw remove the methods of have certain effect, every kind of method The result of single use since peasant household can't see the soil same period, control in reparation due to administering the use of restorative procedure by bring income It gives a discount during reason and due effect is not achieved.

Cultivated, soil improvement by importing soil from other places and soil replacement method are ploughed deeply, these engineering measures are that the classical heavy metal pollution of soil improvement of comparison is arranged It applies, has the advantages that thorough, stable, but implement that project amount is big, and investment cost is high, destroy soil structures, cause under soil fertility Drop, and also the dirty soil to swap out is stacked or handled, therefore not be a kind of ideal contaminated soil remediation method；Change Learning fixation is that chemical reagent or chemical material are added in the soil, is formed insoluble or moved between heavy metal using them Dynamic property is poor, small toxicity substance and reduce its biological effectiveness in the soil, reduce it to water body and plant and other environment The chemical remediation of contaminated soil is realized in the migration of unit, and the key of this method is successfully to select a kind of economy effectively solid Up to the present agent has a large amount of improved materials and is applied, most widely used is exactly lime or calcium carbonate, can play and mention High P in soil H value forms the chemical combination such as phosphoric acid, light rock phosphate in powder, triple superphosphate, the silicate of slightly solubility precipitating with heavy metal element Object, the organic matters such as mineral, the humic acid such as the high sepiolite of Cation adsorption amount, palygorskite, zeolite, montmorillonite and some couples of people Body it is harmless or beneficial to and have the metallic element of antagonism to heavy metal.Chemical fixation is simple and easy, but be not it is a kind of forever Long reclamation activities, because it only changes heavy metal, existing form, metallic element are remained in soil in the soil, Easy reactivation endangers plant, in addition, the use of modifying agent will change soil texture to a certain extent, while to soil Microorganism may also generate certain influence；Phytoremediation be using plant extract, absorption, decomposition, conversion or fixing soil, The general name of hazardous contaminant technology in deposit, sludge or earth's surface, underground water, by certain specific planting in weight On the soil of metallic pollution, this kind of plant has special absorption accumulation ability to the pollution element in soil, simultaneously by plant harvest The heavy metal species soil body be can be removed after dealing carefully with, pollution control and restoration of the ecosystem achieved the purpose that.Because its in situ into Row processing, low in cost, effect is permanent and has taken into account aesthetic effect and has obtained being widely recognized as the public and academia rapidly, If but large area is promoted in rice field and also brings along grain security hidden danger.

Due to the complexity of soil texture and the otherness of type, the soil of heavy metal pollution often has an a variety of huge sum of moneys Belong to, and also with the otherwise pollution such as organic matter.A variety of methods are needed to be applied in combination in repair process, therefore should Improve it is corresponding repair system, single methods for curing heavy metal contamination in soil is often all due at high cost, unsustainable, very It can not implement to attending to one thing and lose sight of another.

The material that carries weight shows that the whole nation is up to 12,000,000 tons by the grain of heavy metal pollution every year, and direct economic loss is super Cross 20,000,000,000 yuan.

Nanjing soil research institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences researcher, doctoral advisor's heavy metal pollution of soil are repaired expert Zhou Jing and were once referred to Out: during heavy metal pollution of soil repairing and treating, (containing as reduced rice cadmium reducing heavy metal-polluted soil biologically effective activity Amount), subtract and deposit heavy metal-polluted soil total amount etc. and obtain certain effect.But need further to be solved there is also many problems. For example, the duplication that the cost for the output reduction reparation for how maintaining lasting repairing effect to improve land restoration repairs mode pushes away The wide ability etc. for improving public participation.

Summary of the invention

Inventing the comprehensive breeding technology ecology repairing heavy metal in soil method for governing pollution in rice field is to create in view of the above deficiencies A kind of new persistence that not only can guarantee repairing effect, but also the output of land restoration is improved, it also reduces rehabilitation cost, repair Complex pattern not only reproducible popularization but also had improved the dynamics of participation of the public, the ecological remediation and treatment method achieved many things at one stroke.

The embodiment for realizing this technology subject invention:

By the appropriate reconstruction to rice field adaptation to local conditions, the comprehensive breeding binding pattern in rice field is taken to form the rice field having complementary advantages Ecological stove, restoration of the ecosystem paddy soil heavy metal pollution of area source improve agricultural product quality and comprehensive benefit, in paddy field cultivation water Suitably match on the basis of rice and supports some suitable feeding kind (such as fish, shrimp, the frog, loach, eel, tortoise, soft-shelled turtle, crab, duck, river snails), sufficiently benefit With the natural biology bait (such as: water plant, planktonic organism, humus) in rice field, reach and not only guarantee grain yield, but also increases Rice field income, has also carried out heavy metal-polluted soil controlling area-source pollution, and the comprehensive breeding of rice field ecology is that really steady grain increases Effect, the industry of environmental pollution improvement's ecological benefits two-win.

1, it ploughs deeply cultivated: cheating (100cm or more) to arable land rice in conjunction with the Kai Yugou (deep 60cm or more) of the comprehensive breeding in rice field, fish Field arable layer plough deeply cultivated (20cm or more)-and effectively reduces arable layer heavy metal contaminants content, improves paddy soil farming Thickness degree and structure promote farmland quality.Special rice field has been met or exceeded when carrying out rice field fishing ditch fish hole and breeding farming Heavy metal pollution of soil repairing and treating " ploughing deeply cultivated (15-20cm) " has saved a large amount of paddy soil weights while requirement with effect Metallic pollution repairing and treating " ploughs deeply cultivated " specific project expenditure；

2, it applies quick lime: leaving nothing usable to the invading enemy in conjunction with the preceding rice field disinfection of the comprehensive breeding in rice field and apply quick lime (100 kgs/acre or more)-tune Heavy metal element reaches to reduce its activity and administers heavy metal pollution of soil repairing and treating in section P in soil H value, curing soil Effect cannot be perfunctory to since it is that disinfection is left nothing usable to the invading enemy using purpose, so " the raw stone used using rice field comprehensive ecological breeding The regulation effect that ash " reaches also as save heavy metal pollution of soil and administers " quick lime " special expense while more preferable；

3, optimize water management: the comprehensive breeding water in field position in rice field must assure that the living space of breed variety, water level remove dry field It is maintained at 10cm depth or more for a long time outside, has effectively completely cut off the contact of Tian Tuyu air for a long time, reached heavy metal-polluted soil dirt Dye, which administers soil moisture control management, reduces the actual effect of heavy metal pollution of soil, is raw due to keeping paddy field aquaculture water level Production process is necessary, so having saved the spending of special administration funds；

4, biological regulator: be react by the physiochemistry of microorganism and heavy metal element etc. by heavy metal element oxidation, and also Original separation reduces its toxicity, achievees the purpose that pollution administration.Application fermentation is organic during the comprehensive breeding of rice field ecology Fertilizer, increase paddy soil in organic matter, aquaculture product excrement be all good geobiont regulator, and due to support The sludge for growing kind, the characteristic to burrow, uniformly improve plough horizon, more than artificial and mechanical application soil conditioner Uniformly, soil regulating effect is more preferable.

5, plant removes: using the principle of plant absorption absorption the Cheng Ji plant roots of plurality of heavy metal element, stem, leaf (straw etc.) removes.The comprehensive breeding of rice field ecology can more thoroughly accomplish that effect is certainly also more preferable as production link.

Paddy soil Heavy Metal Pollution Control restorative procedure unit cost used at present is high, and effect is undesirable.Rice field is comprehensive It closes breeding technology and integrates heavy metal pollution of soil improvement ecological restoring method, effect of integrated pest management is administered better than each individual event The sum of.Promoting the comprehensive breeding technology in rice field is exactly that heavy metal pollution of soil administers restoration of the ecosystem work, and its effect is more preferable, together When do not need in addition to rice field investment heavy metal pollution of soil administer repair specific project expenditure.

Specific embodiment

The comprehensive breeding technology repairing heavy metal in soil method for governing pollution specific embodiment in rice field is as follows:

1, rice field is transformed, soil deep ploughing: being opened in rice field periphery tripartite and is enclosed ditch (staying one to be convenient to mechanization cultivation disengaging), encloses ditch Deep 100-150cm, money 200-300CM, than 1: 2.5,6 mu or more of slope can open deep 60-80cm, wide 50-60cm mono- among rice field Word ditch, cross ditch or Jing Zigou and enclose ditch connection, the control fish ditch gross area is no more than the 15-20% of rice field area, to plantation Cultivated 15-20cm is ploughed deeply in area, reinforces ridge.Excavate annular ditch soil can build in periphery construction ridge and tamp, increase plus Wide, reinforcing, it is ensured that ridge is higher than 0.6~0.8 meter of field face, and top is about 2 meters wide, and melon, beans, cucurbit etc. can be planted on ridge, to After tendril restocking, plays the role of shade during the broiling summer and avoid heat；

2, quick lime is applied in rice field: being sterilized with the whole field of 100 kilograms of quick lime or so/mu within 15 days before breeding, every 20 days of the 5-8 month sprinkled 1 lime water is spilt, per acre 10 kilograms of dosage or so every time, to regulating water quality, annual rice field quick lime dosage control per acre System is at 150 kilograms or so.Reach not only diseases prevention insect prevention, but also adjust P in soil H value, conditioned soil property improvement structure stablizes a harmful huge sum of money Belong to the activity of element；In production process the usage amount of quick lime be more than 100 kilograms of heavy-metal contaminated soil repairing and treating/ The requirement of mu, and it is more preferable to soil adjusting and regulation effect, and because sterilizing requires to use quick lime, sterilization disappears Poison is carried out using its redox chemistry reaction process, adjusts Principles, stone using lime according to heavy-metal contaminated soil Ash adjusting P in soil H value and the process of stable curing are exactly the process of the redox process of quick lime and sterilizing, by It needs periodically to use in rice field ecology breeding, so the Effect of Ecological Restoration for administering heavy metal pollution of soil is also just in production It is guaranteed and continues；

3, application of organic fertilizers: applying fermented- organic fertilizer according to 150 kgs/acre or more standard throwings and make base manure in breeding previous week, Water plant to be planted in fish ditch, increases the content of Soil Microorganism, rice imposes 10-15 kilograms/organic fertilizer per acre when intertilling, Not only infertile field rich water but also the improvement soil increase soil organism；

4, breeding variety selection: to guarantee that zoology breeding rice quality, the comprehensive breeding selection varieties of plant of rice field ecology are optional anti- Lodging, disease resistance emergency every low accumulation high-grade rice kind, breed variety may be selected to be suitble to and the fish of rice symbiosis, The breed varieties such as shrimp, the frog, loach, eel, tortoise, soft-shelled turtle, crab, duck, river snail.

The comprehensive breeding rice+several conventional cultivations kind in rice field matches feeding situation and Culture style repairs rice field heavy metal pollution Link contrast table is administered again

5, plant breeding model: rice fish mutualism, the symbiosis of rice shrimp, the symbiosis of the rice frog, rice is taken to suppress symbiosis, the symbiosis of rice loach, the symbiosis of lotus fish, rice Fish continuous cropping, one season rice+fish or shrimp or the frog or any one of soft-shelled turtle, double cropping of rice+fish or shrimp or the various modes such as soft-shelled turtle or the frog.

6, optimize water management: during rice field ecology breeding, water level in paddy field is maintained at 10CM in addition to the dry field time for a long time The above depth, obstructs contact of the air directly with soil naturally, effect than single heavy metal pollution of soil administer restorative procedure it More preferably, dry field when leaflet, alternation of wetting and drying has very big benefit to soil is adjusted for one " optimization water management "；

7, biological regulation: chemical substance and microorganism contained by inside the breed variety excrement and secretion of rice field ecology breeding Ingredient is exactly the best regulator of soil, and the Escherichia coli in zoology breeding rice field in animal wastes are exactly stabilizing heavy metal member Element regulator, the fish supported, shrimp, the frog, loach, soft-shelled turtle etc. all have sludge characteristic, plough horizon is played loosen the soil at any time, It applies fertilizer, the uniform effect of conditioning, artificial and machinery is all unable to reach its effect；

8, plant removes: the plants such as straw remove the effect for not influencing the comprehensive breeding of rice field ecology, are that heavy metal pollution of soil is controlled Manage one of restoration of the ecosystem method.

Allow and plant product because cultured product upgrading is increased production by the comprehensive breeding of rice field ecology, cultured product is because planting product And high yield increases income, heavy metal pollution paddy soil obtains being effectively relieved because of the implementation of breeding binding pattern reaches restoration of the ecosystem Administer the effect of heavy metal pollution of soil.

9, insect pest preventing and controlling measure: collective species pest control technology of recuperating in rice field is that rice and breed variety is made full use of to grow The mutualism of development, relies mainly on prevention.It allows pest, weeds to become the cuisines of cultured fishes, does not have to pesticide, do not have to chemical fertilizer, water Rice is keeped out wind and rain for breed variety, and rice field becomes the place of breed variety rehabilitation, and the movement of breed variety is ingested as rice Tillage and weeding is loosened the soil, and excrement fertilizes the soil, adjusts and repair stable soil heavy metal, is reached breed variety, rice simultaneous growth, is produced Product quality Synchronous lifting, heavy metal pollution of soil are administered to obtain the purpose of restoration of the ecosystem.

10, the set goal effect: realize that the comprehensive breeding technology in rice field administers restoration of the ecosystem effect to heavy metal pollution of soil Fruit reaches similar heavy metal pollution special administration repairing effect；Save corresponding special arable land heavy metal pollution repairing and treating money Gold；Promote comprehensive breeding quality of agricultural product；1000 yuan/mu or more are increased income than simple species rice；It is really steady grain synergy, environmental protection Energy conservation, repairing effect is lasting, land restoration output is promoted, the effective model convenient for promoting, public participation is strong；Really solve Methods for curing heavy metal contamination in soil due to it is at high cost, can not participate in even without output, unsustainable, the not reproducible, public The problem of attending to one thing and lose sight of another and can not implementing.

It is attached: the comprehensive breeding field soil result of sampling inspection of Changsha County rice field ecology and explanation

2017 annual Changsha County rice field ecology breeding rice field soil sample result of sampling inspection (contrast standard: GB15618-1995)

Upper table is the rice soil sampling instances to Changsha County rice field ecology breeding field in 2017, wherein preceding 6 samples are double cropping of rice+shrimp The early rice field rice soil sample of (fish) and corresponding paddy fields rice soil sample, other samples are late rice rice soil sample in rice shrimp crop rotation rice field Product.

From in table in terms of sampling experiment result situation, even if passing through rice according to GB15618-1995 standard of soil environment quality Field zoology breeding 1 year paddy soil sample detection the result shows that: full cadmium content is highest in 26 pedotheques of sampling observation It is 0.56mg/kg, minimum for 0.13mg/kg, wherein 10 reached 1 grade or more rice soil standard of soil environment quality, 10 reach 3 grades or more rice soil standard of soil environment quality requirements are reached to 2 grades or more rice soil standard of soil environment quality, 6.Though Right testing result and soil environment itself have direct relation, but the comprehensive breeding technology ecology repairing heavy metal in soil pollution in rice field Regulation effect is obvious.

According to national " Soil Pollution Control action plan " prescribed requirement, polluted referring to the Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection's agricultural soil Classifying and dividing standard, the three classes tentative standard that arable land is divided in 2017 are as follows: the priority protection class (full cadmium≤0.6mg/kg of soil Arable land), safe utilization class (arable land of the full cadmium 0.6-1.5mg/kg of soil) is [according to the rice contamination of products journey in safe utilization area Degree be divided into again light (the cadmium content 0.2-0.4mg/kg or full cadmium 0.3-0.6mg/kg of soil in the middle late rice paddy) He Anzhong of peace (in The arable land of late rice paddy cadmium content 0.4-0.6mg/kg or the full cadmium 0.6-1.5mg/kg of soil)], strictly manage class (middle late rice rice The arable land of cadmium content > 0.6mg/kg or the full cadmium > 1.5mg/kg of soil).26 pedotheques of sampling observation have entirely reached soil The arable land priority protection class standard of the full cadmium≤0.6mg/kg of earth.Other heavy metal elements such as lead, mercury, chromium, arsenic etc. are also all in soil In high-quality controlled range, this result Chang-Zhu-Tan Delta Region relatively heavy for Heavy Metal Pollution In Cultivated Land is to be difficult Effect, the comprehensive breeding of rice field ecology is obvious to the improvement result of paddy soil.

More importantly obtain the processes of these results in addition to rice field ecology breeding expert to these zoology breeding main bodys into It has gone outside correct planning, guidance and guidance, in addition government does not carry out Heavy Metal Pollution Control special subsidies to it, reduce A large amount of government fund investment in special items, simultaneously because the comprehensive breeding of rice field ecology is not sprayed insecticide, Shaoshi chemical fertilizer, very big the is mentioned Agricultural product quality is risen, the ecological rice of output and ecological fish, shrimp price rise violently at double, and peasant carries out the enthusiasm of zoology breeding It is surging.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method for administering restoration of the ecosystem as heavy metal pollution of soil using the comprehensive breeding technology in rice field, it is characterised in that use The comprehensive breeding technology in rice field to heavy metal pollution of soil administer restoration of the ecosystem including the use of rice field transformation plough deeply it is cultivated, disappeared with quick lime Poison removes wild adjusting soil, optimization water management isolation Tian Tuyu air contact, application of organic fertilizers Ecological regulation plough horizon, plant Object removes integrated application method.

2. heavy metal pollution of soil as claimed in claim 1 administers ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that use rice+fish Comprehensive breeding technology to heavy metal pollution of soil administer restoration of the ecosystem including the use of rice field transformation plough deeply it is cultivated, removed with lime disinfection Open country adjusts soil, optimization water management isolation Tian Tuyu air contact, application of organic fertilizers Ecological regulation plough horizon, plant shifting Except integrated application method.

3. heavy metal pollution of soil as claimed in claim 1 administers ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that use rice+shrimp Comprehensive breeding to heavy metal pollution of soil administer restoration of the ecosystem including the use of rice field transformation plough deeply it is cultivated, remove wild tune with lime disinfection Section soil, optimization water management isolation Tian Tuyu air contact, application of organic fertilizers Ecological regulation plough horizon, plant removal are comprehensive Close application method.

4. heavy metal pollution of soil as claimed in claim 1 administers ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that use rice+loach Comprehensive breeding to heavy metal pollution of soil administer restoration of the ecosystem including the use of rice field transformation plough deeply it is cultivated, remove wild tune with lime disinfection Section soil, optimization water management isolation Tian Tuyu air contact, application of organic fertilizers Ecological regulation plough horizon, plant removal are comprehensive Close application method.

5. heavy metal pollution of soil as claimed in claim 1 administers ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that use rice+frog Comprehensive breeding to heavy metal pollution of soil administer restoration of the ecosystem including the use of rice field transformation plough deeply it is cultivated, remove wild tune with lime disinfection Section soil, optimization water management isolation Tian Tuyu air contact, application of organic fertilizers Ecological regulation plough horizon, plant removal are comprehensive Close application method.

6. heavy metal pollution of soil as claimed in claim 1 administers ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that use rice+crab Comprehensive breeding to heavy metal pollution of soil administer restoration of the ecosystem including the use of rice field transformation plough deeply it is cultivated, remove wild tune with lime disinfection Section soil, optimization water management isolation Tian Tuyu air contact, application of organic fertilizers Ecological regulation plough horizon, plant removal are comprehensive Close application method.

7. heavy metal pollution of soil as claimed in claim 1 administers ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that use rice+tortoise Comprehensive breeding to heavy metal pollution of soil administer restoration of the ecosystem including the use of rice field transformation plough deeply it is cultivated, remove wild tune with lime disinfection Section soil, optimization water management isolation Tian Tuyu air contact, application of organic fertilizers Ecological regulation plough horizon, plant removal are comprehensive Close application method.

8. heavy metal pollution of soil as claimed in claim 1 administers ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that use rice+soft-shelled turtle Comprehensive breeding to heavy metal pollution of soil administer restoration of the ecosystem including the use of rice field transformation plough deeply it is cultivated, remove wild tune with lime disinfection Section soil, optimization water management isolation Tian Tuyu air contact, application of organic fertilizers Ecological regulation plough horizon, plant removal are comprehensive Close application method.

9. heavy metal pollution of soil as claimed in claim 1 administers ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that use rice+duck Comprehensive breeding to heavy metal pollution of soil administer restoration of the ecosystem including the use of rice field transformation plough deeply it is cultivated, remove wild tune with lime disinfection Section soil, optimization water management isolation Tian Tuyu air contact, application of organic fertilizers Ecological regulation plough horizon, plant removal are comprehensive Close application method.

10. heavy metal pollution of soil as claimed in claim 1 administers ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that using lotus rhizome+ The comprehensive breeding of fish to heavy metal pollution of soil administer restoration of the ecosystem including the use of rice field transformation plough deeply it is cultivated, remove open country with lime disinfection Adjust soil, optimization water management isolation Tian Tuyu air contact, application of organic fertilizers Ecological regulation plough horizon, plant removal Integrated application method.