CN112385452B - Grateloupia filicina quick seedling raising facility and method for culturing Grateloupia filicina by using same - Google Patents
Grateloupia filicina quick seedling raising facility and method for culturing Grateloupia filicina by using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN112385452B CN112385452B CN202011283603.9A CN202011283603A CN112385452B CN 112385452 B CN112385452 B CN 112385452B CN 202011283603 A CN202011283603 A CN 202011283603A CN 112385452 B CN112385452 B CN 112385452B
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- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/047—Spraying of liquid fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a pteris vittata quick seedling raising facility and a method for culturing pteris vittata by using the same. The pteris vittata quick seedling raising facility comprises a greenhouse main body with an accommodating space, a temperature and humidity adjusting system, a light supplementing system and a water fertilizer system; the temperature and humidity adjusting system is used for adjusting the temperature and humidity in the accommodating space, the light supplementing system is used for adjusting the illumination in the accommodating space, and the water and fertilizer system is used for supplementing water and fertilizer to the cultivation object arranged in the accommodating space. The method for culturing the ciliate desert-grass by using the ciliate desert-grass rapid seedling culture facility comprises the following steps: and culturing ciliate desert-grass spores into seedlings in the ciliate desert-grass quick seedling culture facility. The utility model provides a ciliate desert-grass grows seedlings facility fast provides good environment for the cultivation of ciliate desert-grass seedling. The method for culturing the ciliate desert-grass is high in survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ciliate desert-grass cultivation, in particular to a ciliate desert-grass rapid seedling raising facility and a ciliate desert-grass cultivation method using the ciliate desert-grass rapid seedling raising facility.
Background
Compared with the traditional physical and chemical remediation method, the method for remedying the heavy metal contaminated soil by using the plants has obvious advantages. In recent years, soil remediation by using plants which have large biomass and can rapidly grow and enrich or super-enrich or a plurality of heavy metals has become a good choice for the industry. At present, with the continuous and deep screening and research on heavy metal hyper-enrichment plants, people screen a batch of hyper-enrichment plants, such As ciliate desert-grass, which has strong absorption capacity on Mn (manganese), Zn (zinc) and Ni (nickel) and has obvious enrichment effect on As (arsenic).
Because the ciliate desert-grass spore is tiny and weak in resistance to the outside, the spore seedling culture is difficult to succeed by adopting the traditional outdoor agricultural breeding method.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ciliate desert-grass rapid seedling raising facility and a method for culturing ciliate desert-grass by using the ciliate desert-grass rapid seedling raising facility, so as to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a ciliate desert-grass fast seedling growing facility comprises a greenhouse main body with a containing space, a temperature and humidity adjusting system, a light supplementing system and a water and fertilizer system;
the temperature and humidity adjusting system is used for adjusting the temperature and humidity in the accommodating space, the light supplementing system is used for adjusting the illumination in the accommodating space, and the water and fertilizer system is used for supplementing water and fertilizer to the cultivation object arranged in the accommodating space.
Preferably, the temperature and humidity adjusting system comprises a heat supply circulating pipe and a wet curtain;
the heat supply circulating pipe is communicated with a heat source and is arranged on one side or multiple sides in the greenhouse main body, and the wet curtain is arranged on the side wall in the greenhouse main body;
preferably, the heat source comprises a heating boiler;
preferably, the temperature and humidity adjusting system further comprises an exhaust fan, and the exhaust fan is arranged on the side wall of the greenhouse main body.
Preferably, the light supplement system comprises a light supplement lamp, and the light supplement lamp is arranged at the upper part of the accommodating space along the height direction;
preferably, the supplementary lighting lamp comprises an LED lamp.
Preferably, the water and fertilizer system comprises a water and fertilizer container, a power device and a spraying device; the spraying equipment is communicated with the liquid manure container through a pipeline, and the power equipment is arranged on the pipeline;
preferably, the water and fertilizer containers are provided in plurality, the power equipment comprises a proportional fertilization pump, and the spraying equipment comprises a spray head for spraying water and fertilizer to the cultivation object;
preferably, the spray head is connected with a self-propelled device.
Preferably, the greenhouse main body is arched;
preferably, the top of the greenhouse main body is connected with the side wall of the greenhouse main body through a greenhouse top support;
preferably, the top of the greenhouse main body is provided with an exhaust hole;
preferably, a bracket for placing the plug tray is arranged in the accommodating space.
A method for culturing ciliate desert-grass by using the ciliate desert-grass rapid seedling culture facility comprises the following steps:
culturing ciliate desert-grass spores into seedlings in the ciliate desert-grass rapid seedling culturing facility, and then transplanting the ciliate desert-grass spores into a nursery garden to continuously culture to obtain target ciliate desert-grass plants.
Preferably, the process of culturing ciliate desert-grass spores into seedlings in the greenhouse comprises the following steps:
and transferring the ciliate desert-grass spores after germination culture and subculture to a ciliate desert-grass rapid seedling culture facility for plug culture to obtain the seedlings.
Preferably, the process of culturing ciliate desert-grass spores into seedlings in the ciliate desert-grass fast seedling culture facility comprises the following steps:
and transferring the ciliate desert-grass spores after germination culture and subculture to a ciliate desert-grass rapid seedling culture facility for plug culture to obtain the seedlings.
Preferably, the ciliate desert-grass spores are obtained from disinfected pinnate leaves with sporophytes;
preferably, the germination medium used for germination culture comprises, in mass percent: agar 0.3%, beet molasses 1.5%, barley 1.5%;
preferably, the germination medium further comprises NAA0.15mg/L naphthylacetic acid;
preferably, the pH value of the germination medium is 7-8;
preferably, the temperature of the germination culture is 27-29 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1500-;
preferably, the subculture is performed when the germination culture results in a leaf-shaped prothallium;
preferably, the subculture medium used in the subculture comprises, by mass: 0.2% of agar, 1.5% of beet molasses and 1.5% of oat flour;
preferably, the subculture medium further comprises NAA0.12mg/L naphthylacetic acid;
preferably, the temperature of the subculture is 18-28 ℃, the relative humidity is 70-80%, and the culture time is 20-30 days;
preferably, the plug culture is performed after the 2-3 brown fine roots grow out of the prothallium.
Preferably, the greenhouse is disinfected before use;
preferably, the plug substrate used for plug culture comprises, by mass: 25% of mellow soil, 5% of biological humic acid, 20% of calcium superphosphate, 30% of white worm stone powder and 20% of compound fertilizer;
preferably, the particle size of the mellow soil is 0.1-0.5 mm;
preferably, in the compound fertilizer, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are respectively 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 5 wt%;
preferably, the plug substrate is sterilized by applying a liquid medicine before use;
preferably, the liquid medicine comprises athomin;
preferably, the athomin is 20% of the athomin aqueous emulsion by mass fraction, diluted by 300-400 times and distributed according to the proportion of 20-25L/m3The use is carried out;
preferably, the plug substrate is sealed for 24-48h after the application of the athomin, and then used after being unsealed for 5-7 days;
preferably, the plug culture is carried out under a shady condition, the temperature is 18-26 ℃, and the relative humidity is 70-90%;
preferably, when the height of the ciliate desert-grass plant is 7-9cm, fertilizer is prepared every 9-11 days;
preferably, the fertilizer comprises: nitrogen: phosphorus: the mass ratio of potassium is 1:1:1, and 5 wt% of trace elements are added;
preferably, the trace elements comprise one or more of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum and copper;
preferably, the fertilizer is prepared into a fertilizer solution with the mass content of 3 per mill for use;
preferably, the method further comprises hardening seedlings after the plug culture and before the transplanting to a nursery;
preferably, when the height of the ciliate desert-grass plant is 20-25cm and the crown width is 15-20cm, the seedling exercising is carried out;
preferably, said acclimatization is carried out 5-7 days before transplanting to said nursery;
preferably, the daytime temperature of the seedling exercising is 20-25 ℃, the nighttime temperature is 18-20 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-80%;
preferably, the hardening time is 2-7 days.
Preferably, the method further comprises: transplanting the seedlings into a nursery garden to continue culturing to obtain target ciliate desert-grass plants;
preferably, organic fertilizer and activating agent are applied to the soil of the nursery;
preferably, the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 90-110 kg/mu;
preferably, the activating agent comprises, by mass percent: 30-40% of calcium, 8-15% of phosphorus, 4.7-10% of potassium, 5-10% of sodium, 12-20% of organic matter content and less than or equal to 10% of water content;
preferably, the using amount of the activating agent is 480-520 kg/mu;
preferably, the activator is used twice before and during transplantation;
preferably, transplanting holes are arranged according to the plant spacing of 25-35cm, the row spacing of 25-35cm and the depth of 10-12 cm;
preferably, 2-5 of said seedlings are transplanted into each said transplanting hole;
preferably, the transplanting also comprises water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage management.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the greenhouse, the greenhouse main body, the temperature and humidity adjusting system, the light supplementing system and the water and fertilizer system are arranged, so that good temperature, humidity, illumination and water and fertilizer conditions are provided for culturing ciliate desert-grass spores to form seedlings, and the survival rate of ciliate desert-grass is guaranteed;
the application provides an use method of ciliate desert-grass in big-arch shelter culture seedling in the big-arch shelter earlier, then transplant to the nursery in and continue to cultivate and obtain target ciliate desert-grass plant, solved ciliate desert-grass spore tiny, the resistance to the external world is very weak, adopt traditional outdoor agriculture breeding method to carry out the problem that the spore is difficult to be succeeded in growing seedlings, very big improvement ciliate desert-grass's survival rate for use ciliate desert-grass to carry out the cost of environmental remediation and reduce by a wide margin, also be favorable to the popularization and application of ciliate desert-grass.
Drawings
To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective end view of a ciliate desert-grass quick seedling facility provided by an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic end view of a facility for rapidly growing seedlings of ciliate desert-grass according to an embodiment;
fig. 3 is a schematic top perspective view of a ciliate desert-grass quick seedling facility provided by the embodiment.
Reference numerals:
10-shed roof; 11-a ceiling support; 12-an exhaust hole; 13-a side wall; 14-end face; 15-a gate; 16-a plug support; 17-a middle walkway; 18-a drainage ditch;
20-direct combustion high efficiency boiler; 21-a heat supply circulation pipe; 22-wet curtain; 23-an exhaust fan;
30-LED light supplement lamps;
40-fertilizer dissolving barrel; 41-adding barrel; 42-proportional fertilizing pump; 43-a pipeline; 44-spray head.
Detailed Description
The terms as used herein:
"prepared from … …" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
The conjunction "consisting of … …" excludes any unspecified elements, steps or components. If used in a claim, the phrase is intended to claim as closed, meaning that it does not contain materials other than those described, except for the conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of … …" appears in a clause of the subject matter of the claims rather than immediately after the subject matter, it defines only the elements described in the clause; other elements are not excluded from the claims as a whole.
When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when the range "1 ~ 5" is disclosed, the ranges described should be construed to include the ranges "1 ~ 4", "1 ~ 3", "1 ~ 2 and 4 ~ 5", "1 ~ 3 and 5", and the like. When a range of values is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range.
In these examples, the parts and percentages are by mass unless otherwise indicated.
"part by mass" means a basic unit of measure indicating a mass ratio of a plurality of components, and 1 part may represent any unit mass, for example, 1g or 2.689 g. If we say that the part by mass of the component A is a part by mass and the part by mass of the component B is B part by mass, the ratio of the part by mass of the component A to the part by mass of the component B is a: b. alternatively, the mass of the A component is aK and the mass of the B component is bK (K is an arbitrary number, and represents a multiple factor). It is unmistakable that, unlike the parts by mass, the sum of the parts by mass of all the components is not limited to 100 parts.
"and/or" is used to indicate that one or both of the illustrated conditions may occur, e.g., a and/or B includes (a and B) and (a or B).
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present embodiment provides a ciliate desert-grass rapid seedling raising facility, which includes a greenhouse main body having an accommodating space, a temperature and humidity adjusting system, a light supplementing system and a water and fertilizer system.
In order to ensure that the structural stability of the pteris vittata quick seedling raising facility is higher, the greenhouse main body adopts a steel frame structure and an arched greenhouse. In other embodiments, other shapes of greenhouses may be used.
The span arch ratio of the greenhouse is 8, and the roof 10 of the arched greenhouse is supported by a roof support 11. The shed roof support 11 is a triangular support made of unequal angle steel with the angle of 50 multiplied by 5 mm. The arched shed roof 10 is made of 2mm Polyethylene (PE) thin plate, and the top of the shed roof 10 is provided with an exhaust hole 12. The side walls 13 (the side surfaces formed by the extension degree and the height direction) of the greenhouse are all made of 2mm Polyethylene (PE) thin plates, the PE thin plates are fixed by upright columns, one upright column is arranged at intervals of 4m, and the upright columns are inequilateral angle steels with the angle of 60 x 6 mm. The end faces 14 (the sides formed in the width and height directions) of the booth are the same as the side walls 13. A gate 15 is arranged in the middle of the end face 14, and the width of the gate 15 is 1800mm and the height of the gate is 2100 mm. Cave dish district is located at both sides in the big-arch shelter, sets up cave dish support 16 and the cave dish that is used for placing the cave dish, and cave dish support 16 is three-dimensional, divides the three-layer, and the bottom is 600mm from the ground, and the clean space height of two-layer up is 1200 mm. The size of the single group of the plug tray bracket 16 is 4450 multiplied by 1690 multiplied by 70mm, and the single group of the plug tray bracket is welded by inequilateral angle steel with the size of 80 multiplied by 8mm, and the material is stainless steel. The bottom surface of the bracket is uniformly welded with reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 10mm, the distance is 30mm, so as to form a netted tray, the hole tray is placed on the netted tray, the hole tray is made of PS (polystyrene), and the size of a single hole tray is 540 multiplied by 280 mm. The width of the single side of the cave dish areas on the two sides in the greenhouse is 5100mm, and the width of the middle walkway 17 arranged in the middle is 1800 mm. Drainage ditches 18 are arranged at two sides of the middle walkway 17, the depth of the drainage ditches 18 is 100mm, and the width of the drainage ditches 18 is 200 mm. The size of the single greenhouse is 36000 multiplied by 12000 multiplied by 4800mm in length multiplied by width multiplied by height.
In order to better control the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse, the temperature and humidity adjusting system is provided with heating equipment and cooling equipment.
The heating equipment mainly comprises a direct-fired efficient boiler 20 and a heat supply circulating pipe 21, wherein the heat supply circulating pipe 21 is communicated with the direct-fired efficient boiler 20 and is arranged on one side or multiple sides in the greenhouse main body. When the temperature is lower in cloudy days and at night, the direct-fired high-efficiency boiler 20 and the heat supply circulating pipe 21 provide heat energy for the greenhouse, so that the interior of the greenhouse is uniformly heated to reach the consistent temperature.
The cooling equipment mainly comprises a wet curtain 22 and an exhaust fan 23, wherein the wet curtain 22 is arranged at the position, 500mm away from the ground, of the bottom of the side wall 13, and the length of the wet curtain 22 is equal to that of the greenhouse and is 800 mm. The exhaust fan 23 is arranged on the end face 14 of the greenhouse and is divided into an upper row and a lower row, wherein the upper row is arranged at the position with the wall height of 3000mm, and the lower row is arranged at the position with the wall height of 500 mm. When the sunlight is too strong in summer, the wet curtain 22 and the exhaust fan 23 are started to cool in time at 10:00-15:00 in a sunny day.
The light supplement system mainly comprises a wiring line and an LED light supplement lamp 30 and is installed below the shed top support 11. The LED light supplement lamp 30 can effectively reduce the influence of weak light on crops, improve the photosynthesis and stress resistance of seedlings, and the light supplement system is used in the environment of continuous cloudy days and low-temperature and low-illuminance.
The water and fertilizer system comprises a fertilizer dissolving barrel 40, a feeding barrel 41, a proportional fertilizing pump 42, a pipeline 43 and a spray head 44. A tray support 16 installed on the tray and the top of the tray to perform supply of moisture and nutrients required for seedling. The spray head in the liquid manure system is connected with a self-walking device, and the self-walking device adopts a rail mode. In addition, the pipeline 43 of the water and fertilizer system is provided with other necessary auxiliary facilities such as branch pipelines and valves. The water and fertilizer system can be switched between water supply and fertilizer supply according to needs.
The method for culturing the ciliate desert-grass by using the ciliate desert-grass rapid seedling culture facility comprises the following steps:
taking the feathered leaves with the sporophytes out of a preservation refrigerator, cutting the leaves with the spores into small segments with the length of 0.8cm by using scissors, placing the small segments under running water for gently washing for 5min, placing the small segments on an ultra-clean workbench, disinfecting the small triangular bottles by 70% ethanol, washing the small triangular bottles by using sterile water for 5 times, gently scraping the spores from the leaves by using a sterilized scalpel, and uniformly spraying the ciliate desert grass spores on a solidified germination culture medium (the preparation formula of the germination culture medium is that agar is 0.3 wt%, beet molasses is 1.5 wt%, barley is 1.5 wt%, NAA0.15mg/L, pH value is 8.0). The germination medium was covered with a lid to keep the air in circulation. The culture conditions are at 27 deg.C, light irradiation of 1500lX, light irradiation period of 12h day/12 h night, and culture for about 30 days.
When white green dots appear on the germination culture medium and become light green and gradually grow into leaf-shaped prothallium, transferring the prothallium onto a subculture medium (the formula of the subculture medium comprises 0.2 wt% of agar, 1.5 wt% of beet molasses, 1.5 wt% of oat flour and 0.12mg/L of naphthylacetic acid NAA), culturing at the temperature of 22 ℃, keeping the humidity of 70% of spray water, and culturing for about 20 days.
In order to kill pathogenic bacteria, small-sized pests, insect eggs and the like remained on the surface of a greenhouse film of a greenhouse frame, reduce the source quantity of the diseases and the pests and reduce the later-period morbidity, spraying and disinfecting are carried out on a greenhouse in the greenhouse, and the spraying and disinfecting adopt 500 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder. Spraying pesticide to sterilize the plug and the plug substrate, diluting with 20% aqueous emulsion of athomin by 350 times, and spraying with a spray canThe quality is even and the liquid medicine amount is 20L/m3. Covering and sealing with plastic film for 36h, and peeling off the film for 5 days.
Transplanting the leaves into a disinfected hole tray substrate in the greenhouse when 2-3 brown fine roots grow out (the hole tray substrate is prepared by grinding fertile and mellow soil into 25 wt% with the grain diameter of 0.1-0.5mm, 5 wt% of biological humic acid, 20 wt% of calcium superphosphate, 30 wt% of white worm stone powder and 20 wt% of compound fertilizer (the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 5-10-5)). Seedling culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 18 ℃, the humidity is 70 percent, the shading is carried out, and the water and fertilizer system is switched into a water spraying mode for spraying twice every day. When the seedlings grow to about 8cm in height, fertilizer preparation is carried out through a fertilizer dissolving barrel 40 of a water and fertilizer system every 10 days (the formula of the seedling fertilizer preparation comprises nitrogen N, phosphorus P, potassium K and the proportion of 1:1:1, and 5 wt% of trace elements such as calcium Ca, magnesium Mg, sulfur S, iron Fe, manganese Mn, zinc Zn, boron B, molybdenum Mo, copper Cu and the like are added, and the preparation concentration is 3wt per thousand); then, the fertilizer is sprayed by switching to a fertilizer spraying mode through a spraying nozzle 44 connected with the feeding barrel 41, the proportional fertilizer pump 42 and the pipeline 43. After 3-4 months of cultivation, hardening seedlings before transplanting when the seedlings grow to 20cm in height and 15cm in crown width.
In order to increase the stress resistance and adaptability of seedlings, in the 6 days before transplanting, the sunny and warm weather is selected to be switched into a water spraying mode to spray water once, and then the temperature is reduced and the humidity is discharged through a wet curtain 22 and an exhaust fan 23, so that the temperature of the plug tray is controlled to be 20 ℃ in the daytime and 18 ℃ at night. Transplanting after hardening the seedlings for 4 days.
Preparation before transplanting:
(1) land preparation
Leveling soil to ensure that deep grooves and bulges do not exist in the field, and keeping the whole field flat; then, ploughing the soil to a depth of about 22cm, and keeping the soil particles to be fine and broken without large soil blocks; then ditching and ridging are carried out: the width of the ridge surface is 1.5m, the width of the furrow is 0.25m, the depth of the furrow is 0.2m, the waist furrow is dug every 30m, the width of the waist furrow is 0.25m, and the depth of the waist furrow is 0.2 m.
(2) Fertilizer and activator application
The application amount of the organic fertilizer is 100kg per mu, and the organic fertilizer is uniformly scattered into the soil before the rotary tillage of the soil. Then carrying out rotary tillage and mixing.
Activating agent (formula special for ciliate desert grass: calcium [ Cao ] is more than or equal to 30 wt%, phosphorus [ P ]2O5More than or equal to 8 wt%, potassium [ K ]2O is more than or equal to 4.7 wt%, sodium (Na) is more than or equal to 5 wt%, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 12 wt%, and the content of water is less than or equal to 10 wt%), the dosage is 500kg per mu, the application is carried out in two times, 250kg of first basal application is scattered before soil plowing, and the basal application is fully mixed with the soil during rotary tillage; the second top dressing is carried out in the growth period (the second time of application is carried out, the first time of top dressing is carried out in about 6 months in the vigorous growth period, and the second time of top dressing is carried out in about 8 middle ten days after the first time of harvesting, wherein each time is 125 kg).
(3) Grass prevention cloth laying
After ditching and ridging are finished, grass-prevention cloth made of PE (polyethylene) with the width of 1.8m is laid, the grass-prevention cloth is directly laid on the surface of a dug ridge, and the periphery of the ridge is covered with soil to prevent the grass-prevention cloth from being blown open by wind.
Planting ciliate desert-grass:
cutting off the ciliate desert-grass feathers from the greenhouse, and cutting off the feathers with the height of about 8cm on the ground. Seedlings on the same day must be planted on the same day. The planting specification was 30X 30cm, and 1 clump (3 plants per clump) was planted per hole.
Firstly, cutting 12cm long openings of the grass-prevention cloth by using scissors according to the plant spacing of 30cm and the row spacing of 30 cm; then, digging a planting hole with the depth of about 11cm in the soil at the cut, planting ciliate desert-grass with a matrix into the planting hole, covering soil around the planting hole with a flat plant base part, covering the soil to ensure that a new bud covers the soil, pouring about 750mL of rooting water after the soil covering is finished, adding 20g of raw powder into every 50kg of rooting water, namely 1 bag, and uniformly stirring. And (5) watering the transplanted ciliate desert-grass every 2 days according to the weather condition and the growth condition of the ciliate desert-grass root system after the watering with root fixing water is finished so as to ensure the survival rate.
And (4) performing leakage detection and gap filling according to the sequence of the planting time, and pouring about 350ml of root fixing water after the replanting. During the period, watering is carried out according to the survival condition of the seedlings and the weather condition.
And (3) managing ciliate desert-grass:
water content management: after planting, watering properly after 10 days according to weather conditions to ensure the survival rate of plants. After survival, watering is carried out properly every 30 days, and the air watering interval is shortened to 15 days in rainy days at high temperature.
And (3) pest and disease management: uniformly spraying 1000 times of solution of 10% of pesticide forest wettable powder to aphid and red spider; uniformly spraying 600 times of solution of 65% mancozeb wettable powder for physiological leaf blight; the snail and the ampullaria gigas are spread with 8 percent of mieheiling granules or 10 percent of acetaldehyde granules, and the dosage per mu is 1.5 kg.
Managing weeds: closing before weed seedling, spraying closed herbicide to furrow ridges, waist furrows and girth furrows, adding 150g of 72% metolachlor emulsion per mu, adding 50kg of water, and uniformly spraying. The artificially pulled grass is cleaned and then is stacked in a centralized way. And the stacks are forbidden to be stacked at the head of the field ridge.
Topdressing: after 30 days of planting, applying a seedling raising fertilizer once to promote the vegetative growth of the seedlings. 4kg of urea is applied to each mu, and 1000kg of water is added; after 50 days, the seedling strengthening fertilizer is applied once again, 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 4kg of urea and 1000kg of clear water are applied to each mu.
The cultivated ciliate desert-grass can be used for mine restoration.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present embodiment provides a greenhouse, which includes a greenhouse main body having an accommodating space, a temperature and humidity adjusting system, a light supplementing system and a water and fertilizer system.
In order to ensure that the structural stability of the greenhouse is higher, the greenhouse main body adopts a steel frame structure and an arched greenhouse. The span-arch ratio of the greenhouse is 9, and the roof 10 of the arched greenhouse is supported by a roof support 11. The shed roof support 11 is a triangular support made of unequal angle steel with the angle of 50 multiplied by 5 mm. The arched shed roof 10 is made of 3mm Polyethylene (PE) thin plate, and the top of the shed roof 10 is provided with an exhaust hole 12. The side walls 13 of the greenhouse are all made of 3mm Polyethylene (PE) thin plates, the PE thin plates are fixed by upright columns, one upright column is arranged at intervals of 4m, and the upright columns are inequilateral angle steels with the angle of 60 x 6 mm. The end surface 14 of the greenhouse is the same as the side wall 13. A gate 15 is arranged in the middle of the end face 14, and the width of the gate 15 is 1800mm and the height of the gate is 2100 mm. Cave dish district is located at both sides in the big-arch shelter, sets up cave dish support 16 and the cave dish that is used for placing the cave dish, and cave dish support 16 is three-dimensional, divides the three-layer, and the bottom is 600mm from the ground, and the clean space height of two-layer up is 1200 mm. The size of the single group of the plug tray bracket 16 is 4450 multiplied by 1690 multiplied by 70mm, and the single group of the plug tray bracket is welded by inequilateral angle steel with the size of 80 multiplied by 8mm, and the material is stainless steel. The bottom surface of the bracket is uniformly welded with reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 10mm, the distance is 30mm, so as to form a netted tray, the hole tray is placed on the netted tray, the hole tray is made of PS (polystyrene), and the size of a single hole tray is 540 multiplied by 280 mm. The width of the single side of the cave dish areas on the two sides in the greenhouse is 5100mm, and the width of the middle walkway 17 arranged in the middle is 1800 mm. Drainage ditches 18 are arranged at two sides of the middle walkway 17, the depth of the drainage ditches 18 is 100mm, and the width of the drainage ditches 18 is 200 mm. The size of the single greenhouse is 36000 multiplied by 12000 multiplied by 4800mm in length multiplied by width multiplied by height.
In order to better control the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse, the temperature and humidity adjusting system is provided with heating equipment and cooling equipment.
The heating equipment mainly comprises a direct-fired efficient boiler 20 and a heat supply circulating pipe 21, wherein the heat supply circulating pipe 21 is communicated with the direct-fired efficient boiler 20 and is arranged on one side or multiple sides in the greenhouse main body. When the temperature is lower in cloudy days and at night, the direct-fired high-efficiency boiler 20 and the heat supply circulating pipe 21 provide heat energy for the greenhouse, so that the interior of the greenhouse is uniformly heated to reach the consistent temperature.
The cooling equipment mainly comprises a wet curtain 22 and an exhaust fan 23, wherein the wet curtain 22 is arranged at the position, 500mm away from the ground, of the bottom of the side wall 13, and the length of the wet curtain 22 is equal to that of the greenhouse and is 800 mm. The exhaust fan 23 is arranged on the end face 14 of the greenhouse and is divided into an upper row and a lower row, wherein the upper row is arranged at the position with the wall height of 3000mm, and the lower row is arranged at the position with the wall height of 500 mm. When the sunlight is too strong in summer, the wet curtain 22 and the exhaust fan 23 are started to cool in time at 10:00-15:00 in a sunny day.
The light supplement system mainly comprises a wiring line and an LED light supplement lamp 30 and is installed below the shed top support 11. The LED light supplement lamp 30 can effectively reduce the influence of weak light on crops, improve the photosynthesis and stress resistance of seedlings, and the light supplement system is used in the environment of continuous cloudy days and low-temperature and low-illuminance.
The water and fertilizer system comprises a fertilizer dissolving barrel 40, a feeding barrel 41, a proportional fertilizing pump 42, a pipeline 43 and a spray head 44. A tray support 16 installed on the tray and the top of the tray to perform supply of moisture and nutrients required for seedling. The spray head in the liquid manure system is connected with a self-walking device, and the self-walking device adopts a rail mode. In addition, the pipeline 43 of the water and fertilizer system is provided with other necessary auxiliary facilities such as branch pipelines and valves. The water and fertilizer system can be switched between water supply and fertilizer supply according to needs.
The method for culturing the ciliate desert-grass in the greenhouse comprises the following steps:
taking the feathered leaves with the sporophytes out of a preservation refrigerator, cutting the leaves with the spores into small segments with the length of 0.9cm by using scissors, placing the small segments under running water for gently washing for 5min, placing the small segments on an ultra-clean workbench, disinfecting the small triangular bottles by 70% ethanol, washing the small triangular bottles by using sterile water for 5 times, gently scraping the spores from the leaves by using a sterilized scalpel, and uniformly spraying the ciliate desert grass spores on a solidified germination culture medium (the preparation formula of the germination culture medium is that agar is 0.3 wt%, beet molasses is 1.5 wt%, barley is 1.5 wt%, NAA0.15mg/L, pH value is 7.0). The germination medium was covered with a lid to keep the air in circulation. The culture conditions are at 28 deg.C, illumination is 1800lX, illumination period is 12h day/12 h night, and culture is about 35 days.
When white green dots appear on the germination culture medium and become light green and gradually grow into leaf-shaped prothallium, transferring the prothallium onto a subculture medium (the formula of the subculture medium comprises 0.2 wt% of agar, 1.5 wt% of beet molasses, 1.5 wt% of oat flour and 0.12mg/L of naphthylacetic acid NAA), culturing at the temperature of 18 ℃, keeping the humidity of spray water at 75%, and culturing for about 25 days.
In order to kill pathogenic bacteria, small-sized pests, insect eggs and the like remained on the surface of a greenhouse film of a greenhouse frame, reduce the source quantity of the diseases and the pests and reduce the later-period morbidity, spraying and disinfecting are carried out on a greenhouse in the greenhouse, and the spraying and disinfecting adopt 500 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder. Spraying pesticide to sterilize the plug and the plug substrate, diluting with 20% aqueous emulsion of athomin by 300 times, and uniformly spraying the plug substrate with a spray can, etc. with the pesticide amount of 22L/m3. Covering and sealing with plastic film for 24 hr, and peeling off the film for 6 days.
Transplanting the leaves into a disinfected hole tray substrate in the greenhouse when 2-3 brown fine roots grow out (the hole tray substrate is prepared by grinding fertile and mellow soil into 25 wt% with the grain diameter of 0.1-0.5mm, 5 wt% of biological humic acid, 20 wt% of calcium superphosphate, 30 wt% of white worm stone powder and 20 wt% of compound fertilizer (the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 5-10-5)). Seedling culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 24 ℃, the humidity is 80%, the shading is carried out, and the water and fertilizer system is switched into a water spraying mode for spraying twice every day. When the seedlings grow to about 8cm in height, fertilizer preparation is carried out through a fertilizer dissolving barrel 40 of a water and fertilizer system every 10 days (the formula of the seedling fertilizer preparation comprises nitrogen N, phosphorus P, potassium K and the proportion of 20:20:20, and 5 wt% of trace elements such as calcium Ca, magnesium Mg, sulfur S, iron Fe, manganese Mn, zinc Zn, boron B, molybdenum Mo, copper Cu and the like are added, and the preparation concentration is 3wt per thousand); then, the fertilizer is sprayed by switching to a fertilizer spraying mode through a spraying nozzle 44 connected with the feeding barrel 41, the proportional fertilizer pump 42 and the pipeline 43. After 3-4 months of cultivation, hardening seedlings before transplanting when the seedlings grow to 22cm in height and 18cm in crown width.
In order to increase the stress resistance and adaptability of seedlings, in 5 days before transplanting, the water spraying mode is switched to the water spraying mode to spray water once in sunny and warm weather, and then the temperature is reduced and the humidity is discharged through the wet curtain 22 and the exhaust fan 23, so that the temperature of the plug tray is controlled to be 22 ℃ in daytime and 19 ℃ at night. Transplanting after hardening off the seedlings for 2 days.
Preparation before transplanting:
(1) land preparation
Leveling soil to ensure that deep grooves and bulges do not exist in the field, and keeping the whole field flat; then, ploughing the soil to a depth of about 20cm, and keeping the soil particles to be fine and broken without large soil blocks; then ditching and ridging are carried out: the width of the ridge surface is 1.5m, the width of the furrow is 0.25m, the depth of the furrow is 0.2m, the waist furrow is dug every 30m, the width of the waist furrow is 0.25m, and the depth of the waist furrow is 0.2 m.
(2) Fertilizer and activator application
The application amount of the organic fertilizer is 100kg per mu, and the organic fertilizer is uniformly scattered into the soil before the rotary tillage of the soil. Then carrying out rotary tillage and mixing.
Activating agent (formula special for ciliate desert grass: calcium [ Cao ] is more than or equal to 30 wt%, phosphorus [ P ]2O5More than or equal to 8 wt%, potassium [ K ]2O is more than or equal to 4.7 wt%, sodium (Na) is more than or equal to 5 wt%, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 12 wt%, and the content of water is less than or equal to 10 wt%), the dosage is 500kg per mu, the application is carried out in two times, 250kg of first basal application is scattered before soil plowing, and the basal application is fully mixed with the soil during rotary tillage; secondary topdressing is in placeAnd long-term (two applications, the first dressing is carried out in about 6 months of vigorous growth, and the second dressing is carried out in about 8 middle ten days after the first harvest, and each time is 125 kg).
(3) Grass prevention cloth laying
After ditching and ridging are finished, grass-prevention cloth made of PE (polyethylene) with the width of 1.8m is laid, the grass-prevention cloth is directly laid on the surface of a dug ridge, and the periphery of the ridge is covered with soil to prevent the grass-prevention cloth from being blown open by wind.
Planting ciliate desert-grass:
cutting off the ciliate desert-grass feathers from the greenhouse, and cutting off the feathers with the height of about 8cm on the ground. Seedlings on the same day must be planted on the same day. The planting specification was 30X 30cm, and 1 clump (2 plants per clump) was planted per hole.
Firstly, cutting 12cm long openings of the grass-prevention cloth by using scissors according to the plant spacing of 30cm and the row spacing of 30 cm; then, digging a planting hole with the depth of about 10cm in the soil at the cut, planting ciliate desert-grass with a matrix into the planting hole, covering soil around the planting hole with a flat plant base part, covering the soil to ensure that a new bud covers the soil, pouring about 750mL of rooting water after the soil covering is finished, adding 20g of raw powder into every 50kg of rooting water, namely 1 bag, and uniformly stirring. And (5) watering the transplanted ciliate desert-grass every 2 days according to the weather condition and the growth condition of the ciliate desert-grass root system after the watering with root fixing water is finished so as to ensure the survival rate.
And (4) performing leakage detection and gap filling according to the sequence of the planting time, and pouring about 350ml of root fixing water after the replanting. During the period, watering is carried out according to the survival condition of the seedlings and the weather condition.
And (3) managing ciliate desert-grass:
water content management: after planting, watering properly after 10 days according to weather conditions to ensure the survival rate of plants. After survival, watering is carried out properly every 30 days, and the air watering interval is shortened to 18 days in rainy days at high temperature.
And (3) pest and disease management: uniformly spraying 1000 times of solution of 10% of pesticide forest wettable powder to aphid and red spider; uniformly spraying 600 times of solution of 65% mancozeb wettable powder for physiological leaf blight; the snail and the ampullaria gigas are spread with 8 percent of mieheiling granules or 10 percent of acetaldehyde granules, and the dosage per mu is 1 kg.
Managing weeds: closing before weed seedling, spraying closed herbicide to furrow ridges, waist furrows and girth furrows, adding 150g of 72% metolachlor emulsion per mu, adding 50kg of water, and uniformly spraying. The artificially pulled grass is cleaned and then is stacked in a centralized way. And the stacks are forbidden to be stacked at the head of the field ridge.
Topdressing: after 30 days of planting, applying a seedling raising fertilizer once to promote the vegetative growth of the seedlings. 4kg of urea is applied to each mu, and 1000kg of water is added; after 50 days, the seedling strengthening fertilizer is applied once again, 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 4kg of urea and 1000kg of clear water are applied to each mu.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present embodiment provides a greenhouse, which includes a greenhouse main body having an accommodating space, a temperature and humidity adjusting system, a light supplementing system and a water and fertilizer system.
In order to ensure that the structural stability of the greenhouse is higher, the greenhouse main body adopts a steel frame structure and an arched greenhouse. The span-arch ratio of the greenhouse is 10, and the roof 10 of the arched greenhouse is supported by a roof support 11. The shed roof support 11 is a triangular support made of unequal angle steel with the angle of 50 multiplied by 5 mm. The arched shed roof 10 is made of 4mm Polyethylene (PE) thin plate, and the top of the shed roof 10 is provided with an exhaust hole 12. The side walls 13 of the greenhouse are all made of 4mm Polyethylene (PE) thin plates, the PE thin plates are fixed by upright columns, one upright column is arranged at intervals of 4m, and the upright columns are inequilateral angle steels with the angle of 60 x 6 mm. The end surface 14 of the greenhouse is the same as the side wall 13. A gate 15 is arranged in the middle of the end face 14, and the width of the gate 15 is 1800mm and the height of the gate is 2100 mm. Cave dish district is located at both sides in the big-arch shelter, sets up cave dish support 16 and the cave dish that is used for placing the cave dish, and cave dish support 16 is three-dimensional, divides the three-layer, and the bottom is 600mm from the ground, and the clean space height of two-layer up is 1200 mm. The size of the single group of the plug tray bracket 16 is 4450 multiplied by 1690 multiplied by 70mm, and the single group of the plug tray bracket is welded by inequilateral angle steel with the size of 80 multiplied by 8mm, and the material is stainless steel. The bottom surface of the bracket is uniformly welded with reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 10mm, the distance is 30mm, so as to form a netted tray, the hole tray is placed on the netted tray, the hole tray is made of PS (polystyrene), and the size of a single hole tray is 540 multiplied by 280 mm. The width of the single side of the cave dish areas on the two sides in the greenhouse is 5100mm, and the width of the middle walkway 17 arranged in the middle is 1800 mm. Drainage ditches 18 are arranged at two sides of the middle walkway 17, the depth of the drainage ditches 18 is 100mm, and the width of the drainage ditches 18 is 200 mm. The size of the single greenhouse is 36000 multiplied by 12000 multiplied by 4800mm in length multiplied by width multiplied by height.
In order to better control the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse, the temperature and humidity adjusting system is provided with heating equipment and cooling equipment.
The heating equipment mainly comprises a direct-fired efficient boiler 20 and a heat supply circulating pipe 21, wherein the heat supply circulating pipe 21 is communicated with the direct-fired efficient boiler 20 and is arranged on one side or multiple sides in the greenhouse main body. When the temperature is lower in cloudy days and at night, the direct-fired high-efficiency boiler 20 and the heat supply circulating pipe 21 provide heat energy for the greenhouse, so that the interior of the greenhouse is uniformly heated to reach the consistent temperature.
The cooling equipment mainly comprises a wet curtain 22 and an exhaust fan 23, wherein the wet curtain 22 is arranged at the position, 500mm away from the ground, of the bottom of the side wall 13, and the length of the wet curtain 22 is equal to that of the greenhouse and is 800 mm. The exhaust fan 23 is arranged on the end face 14 of the greenhouse and is divided into an upper row and a lower row, wherein the upper row is arranged at the position with the wall height of 3000mm, and the lower row is arranged at the position with the wall height of 500 mm. When the sunlight is too strong in summer, the wet curtain 22 and the exhaust fan 23 are started to cool in time at 10:00-15:00 in a sunny day.
The light supplement system mainly comprises a wiring line and an LED light supplement lamp 30 and is installed below the shed top support 11. The LED light supplement lamp 30 can effectively reduce the influence of weak light on crops, improve the photosynthesis and stress resistance of seedlings, and the light supplement system is used in the environment of continuous cloudy days and low-temperature and low-illuminance.
The water and fertilizer system comprises a fertilizer dissolving barrel 40, a feeding barrel 41, a proportional fertilizing pump 42, a pipeline 43 and a spray head 44. A tray support 16 installed on the tray and the top of the tray to perform supply of moisture and nutrients required for seedling. The spray head in the liquid manure system is connected with a self-walking device, and the self-walking device adopts a rail mode. In addition, the pipeline 43 of the water and fertilizer system is provided with other necessary auxiliary facilities such as branch pipelines and valves. The water and fertilizer system can be switched between water supply and fertilizer supply according to needs.
The method for cultivating ciliate desert-grass in a greenhouse provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
taking the feathers with the sporophytes out of a preservation refrigerator, cutting the leaves with the spores into small segments with the length of 1.0cm by using scissors, placing the small segments under running water for gently washing for 6min, placing the small segments on an ultra-clean workbench into a disinfected small triangular flask, disinfecting the small triangular flask with 70% ethanol for 40s, washing the small segments with sterile water for 5 times, gently scraping the spores from the leaves by using a sterilized scalpel, and uniformly spraying the ciliate desert grass spores on a solidified germination culture medium (the preparation formula of the germination culture medium comprises 0.3 wt% of agar, 1.5 wt% of beet molasses, 1.5 wt% of barley and 0.15mg/L, pH value of naphthylacetic acid NAA of 7.0-8.0). The germination medium was covered with a lid to keep the air in circulation. The culture conditions were 29 deg.C, 2000lX light, 12h day/12 h night light cycle, and 40 days.
When white green dots appear on the germination culture medium and become light green and gradually grow into leaf-shaped prothallium, transferring the prothallium onto a subculture medium (the formula of the subculture medium comprises 0.2 wt% of agar, 1.5 wt% of beet molasses, 1.5 wt% of oat flour and 0.12mg/L of naphthylacetic acid NAA), culturing at 28 deg.C under the condition of maintaining humidity of 80% with spray water, and culturing for 30 days.
In order to kill pathogenic bacteria, small-sized pests, insect eggs and the like remained on the surface of a greenhouse film of a greenhouse frame, reduce the source quantity of the diseases and the pests and reduce the later-period morbidity, spraying and disinfecting are carried out on a greenhouse in the greenhouse, and the spraying and disinfecting adopt 500 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder. Spraying pesticide to sterilize the plug and the plug substrate, diluting with 20% aqueous emulsion of athomin by 400 times, and uniformly spraying the plug substrate with a spray can, etc. with the pesticide amount of 25L/m3. Covering and sealing with plastic film for 48h, and peeling off the film for 7 days.
Transplanting the leaves into a disinfected hole tray substrate in the greenhouse when 2-3 brown fine roots grow out (the hole tray substrate is prepared by grinding fertile and mellow soil into 25 wt% with the grain diameter of 0.1-0.5mm, 5 wt% of biological humic acid, 20 wt% of calcium superphosphate, 30 wt% of white worm stone powder and 20 wt% of compound fertilizer (the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are 5-10-5)). Seedling culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 26 ℃, the humidity is 90 percent, the shading is carried out, and the water and fertilizer system is switched into a water spraying mode for spraying twice every day. When the seedlings grow to about 8cm in height, fertilizer preparation is carried out through a fertilizer dissolving barrel 40 of a water and fertilizer system every 10 days (the formula of the seedling fertilizer preparation comprises nitrogen N, phosphorus P, potassium K and the proportion of 1:1:1, and 5 wt% of trace elements such as calcium Ca, magnesium Mg, sulfur S, iron Fe, manganese Mn, zinc Zn, boron B, molybdenum Mo, copper Cu and the like are added, and the preparation concentration is 3wt per thousand); then, the fertilizer is sprayed by switching to a fertilizer spraying mode through a spraying nozzle 44 connected with the feeding barrel 41, the proportional fertilizer pump 42 and the pipeline 43. After 3-4 months of cultivation, hardening seedlings before transplanting when the seedlings grow to 25cm in height and 20cm in crown width.
In order to increase the stress resistance and adaptability of seedlings, in the day 7 before transplanting, the sunny and warm weather is selected to be switched into a water spraying mode to spray water once, and then the temperature is reduced and the humidity is discharged through a wet curtain 22 and an exhaust fan 23, so that the temperature of the plug tray is controlled to be 25 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night. Transplanting after hardening the seedlings for 7 days.
Preparation before transplanting:
(1) land preparation
Leveling soil to ensure that deep grooves and bulges do not exist in the field, and keeping the whole field flat; then, ploughing the soil to a depth of 25cm, and keeping the soil particles to be fine and broken without large soil blocks; then ditching and ridging are carried out: the width of the ridge surface is 1.5m, the width of the furrow is 0.25m, the depth of the furrow is 0.2m, the waist furrow is dug every 30m, the width of the waist furrow is 0.25m, and the depth of the waist furrow is 0.2 m.
(2) Fertilizer and activator application
The application amount of the organic fertilizer is 100kg per mu, and the organic fertilizer is uniformly scattered into the soil before the rotary tillage of the soil. Then carrying out rotary tillage and mixing.
Activating agent (formula special for ciliate desert grass: calcium [ Cao ] is more than or equal to 30 wt%, phosphorus [ P ]2O5More than or equal to 8 wt%, potassium [ K ]2O is more than or equal to 4.7 wt%, sodium (Na) is more than or equal to 5 wt%, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 12 wt%, and the content of water is less than or equal to 10 wt%), the dosage is 500kg per mu, the application is carried out in two times, 250kg of first basal application is scattered before soil plowing, and the basal application is fully mixed with the soil during rotary tillage; the second top dressing is carried out in the growth period (the second time of application is carried out, the first time of top dressing is carried out in about 6 months in the vigorous growth period, and the second time of top dressing is carried out in about 8 middle ten days after the first time of harvesting, wherein each time is 125 kg).
(3) Grass prevention cloth laying
After ditching and ridging are finished, grass-prevention cloth made of PE (polyethylene) with the width of 1.8m is laid, the grass-prevention cloth is directly laid on the surface of a dug ridge, and the periphery of the ridge is covered with soil to prevent the grass-prevention cloth from being blown open by wind.
Planting ciliate desert-grass:
cutting off the ciliate desert-grass feathers from the greenhouse, and cutting off the feathers with the height of about 8cm on the ground. Seedlings on the same day must be planted on the same day. The planting specification was 30X 30cm, and 1 clump (5 plants per clump) was planted per hole.
Firstly, cutting 12cm long openings of the grass-prevention cloth by using scissors according to the plant spacing of 30cm and the row spacing of 30 cm; then, digging a planting hole with the depth of about 12cm in the soil at the cut, planting ciliate desert-grass with a matrix into the planting hole, covering soil around the planting hole with a flat plant base part, covering the soil to ensure that a new bud covers the soil, pouring about 750mL of rooting water after the soil covering is finished, adding 20g of raw powder into every 50kg of rooting water, namely 1 bag, and uniformly stirring. And (5) watering the transplanted ciliate desert-grass every 2 days according to the weather condition and the growth condition of the ciliate desert-grass root system after the watering with root fixing water is finished so as to ensure the survival rate.
And (4) performing leakage detection and gap filling according to the sequence of the planting time, and pouring about 350ml of root fixing water after the replanting. During the period, watering is carried out according to the survival condition of the seedlings and the weather condition.
And (3) managing ciliate desert-grass:
water content management: after planting, watering properly after 10 days according to weather conditions to ensure the survival rate of plants. After survival, watering is carried out properly every 30 days, and the air watering interval is shortened to 20 days in rainy days at high temperature.
And (3) pest and disease management: uniformly spraying 1000 times of solution of 10% of pesticide forest wettable powder to aphid and red spider; uniformly spraying 600 times of solution of 65% mancozeb wettable powder for physiological leaf blight; the snail and the ampullaria gigas are spread with 8 percent of mieheiling granules or 10 percent of acetaldehyde granules, and the dosage per mu is 2 kg.
Managing weeds: closing before weed seedling, spraying closed herbicide to furrow ridges, waist furrows and girth furrows, adding 150g of 72% metolachlor emulsion per mu, adding 50kg of water, and uniformly spraying. The artificially pulled grass is cleaned and then is stacked in a centralized way. And the stacks are forbidden to be stacked at the head of the field ridge.
Topdressing: after 30 days of planting, applying a seedling raising fertilizer once to promote the vegetative growth of the seedlings. 4kg of urea is applied to each mu, and 1000kg of water is added; after 50 days, the seedling strengthening fertilizer is applied once again, 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 4kg of urea and 1000kg of clear water are applied to each mu.
According to the facility and the method for quickly growing the ciliate desert-grass seedlings, the survival rate of ciliate desert-grass spore breeding is greatly improved by the germination culture medium, the subculture medium and the plug substrate, and the stress resistance of the seedlings is strong; a three-dimensional multi-layer plug breeding mode is adopted, and the land and the space are economically utilized; shortens the seedling raising period and the growth time in the field, and achieves the rapid seedling raising and the rapid growth of adult plants.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims above, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A method for culturing ciliate desert-grass by using a ciliate desert-grass rapid seedling raising facility is characterized by comprising the following steps:
transferring the ciliate desert-grass spores after germination culture and subculture to a ciliate desert-grass quick seedling culture facility for plug culture to obtain seedlings;
the ciliate desert-grass spores are obtained from disinfected pinnate leaves with sporophytes;
the germination culture medium used for germination culture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: agar 0.3%, beet molasses 1.5%, barley 1.5%;
the germination culture medium also comprises NAA0.15mg/L naphthylacetic acid;
the pH value of the germination culture medium is 7-8;
the temperature of the germination culture is 27-29 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1500-;
when the germination culture is carried out to obtain a leaf-shaped prothallium, carrying out the subculture;
the subculture medium used for subculture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2% of agar, 1.5% of beet molasses and 1.5% of oat flour;
the subculture medium also comprises NAA0.12mg/L naphthylacetic acid;
the temperature of the subculture is 18-28 ℃, the relative humidity is 70-80%, and the culture time is 20-30 days;
after 2-3 brown fine roots grow out from the prothallium, performing plug culture;
the pteris vittata quick seedling raising facility comprises a greenhouse main body with an accommodating space, a temperature and humidity adjusting system, a light supplementing system and a water and fertilizer system;
the temperature and humidity adjusting system is used for adjusting the temperature and humidity in the accommodating space, the light supplementing system is used for adjusting the illumination in the accommodating space, and the water and fertilizer system is used for supplementing water and fertilizer to the cultivation object arranged in the accommodating space.
2. The method for cultivating ciliate desert-grass by using the ciliate desert-grass fast seedling raising facility according to claim 1, wherein the temperature and humidity adjusting system comprises a heat supply circulating pipe and a wet curtain;
the heat supply circulating pipe is communicated with a heat source and is arranged on one side or multiple sides in the greenhouse main body, and the wet curtain is arranged on the side wall in the greenhouse main body;
the heat source comprises a heating boiler;
the temperature and humidity adjusting system further comprises an exhaust fan, and the exhaust fan is arranged on the side wall of the greenhouse main body.
3. The method for cultivating ciliate desert-grass by using the ciliate desert-grass quick seedling raising facility as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light supplement system comprises a light supplement lamp, and the light supplement lamp is arranged at the upper part of the accommodating space in the height direction;
the light supplement lamp comprises an LED lamp.
4. The method for cultivating ciliate desert-grass by using the facility for quickly growing seedlings of ciliate desert-grass according to claim 1, wherein the water and fertilizer system comprises a water and fertilizer container, a power device and a spraying device; the spraying equipment is communicated with the liquid manure container through a pipeline, and the power equipment is arranged on the pipeline;
the power equipment comprises a proportional fertilization pump, and the spraying equipment comprises a spray head for spraying water and fertilizer to the cultivation object;
the spray head is connected with the self-propelled device.
5. The method for cultivating ciliate desert-grass by using the ciliate desert-grass fast seedling facility according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the greenhouse body is arched;
the top of the greenhouse main body is connected with the side wall of the greenhouse main body through a greenhouse top support;
the top of the greenhouse main body is provided with an exhaust hole;
and a support for placing the plug tray is arranged in the accommodating space.
6. The method for cultivating ciliate desert-grass by using the ciliate desert-grass fast seedling raising facility according to claim 1, wherein the greenhouse is disinfected before use;
the plug substrate used for plug culture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% of mellow soil, 5% of biological humic acid, 20% of calcium superphosphate, 30% of white worm stone powder and 20% of compound fertilizer;
the particle size of the mellow soil is 0.1-0.5 mm;
in the compound fertilizer, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are respectively 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 5 wt%;
applying a liquid medicine to the plug substrate for disinfection before use;
the liquid medicine comprises athomin;
the athomin is prepared by adopting 20 mass percent of athomin aqueous emulsion, diluting by 300 times and 400 times, and mixing according to the proportion of 20-25L/m3The use is carried out;
after the athomin is applied, the plug substrate is sealed for 24-48h and then used after being unsealed for 5-7 days;
the plug culture is carried out under the shading condition, the temperature is 18-26 ℃, and the relative humidity is 70-90%;
when the height of the ciliate desert-grass plant is 7-9cm, fertilizer is prepared every 9-11 days;
the fertilizer comprises the following components: nitrogen: phosphorus: the mass ratio of potassium is 1:1:1, and 5 wt% of trace elements are added;
the trace elements comprise one or more of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum and copper;
the fertilizer is prepared into fertilizer liquid with the mass content of 3 per mill for use;
hardening seedlings after the plug culture and before transplanting to a nursery;
when the height of the ciliate desert-grass plant is 20-25cm and the crown width is 15-20cm, carrying out hardening;
the hardening-off is carried out 5-7 days before the seedlings are transplanted to the nursery;
the daytime temperature of the seedling exercising is 20-25 ℃, the nighttime temperature is 18-20 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-80%;
the hardening time is 2-7 days.
7. The method for cultivating ciliate desert-grass by using the ciliate desert-grass fast seedling raising facility according to claim 1, further comprising: transplanting the seedlings into a nursery garden to continue culturing to obtain target ciliate desert-grass plants;
applying an organic fertilizer and an activating agent to the soil of the nursery;
the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 90-110 kg/mu;
the activating agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-40% of calcium, 8-15% of phosphorus, 4.7-10% of potassium, 5-10% of sodium, 12-20% of organic matter content and less than or equal to 10% of water content;
the using amount of the activating agent is 480-520 kg/mu;
the activating agent is used twice before transplanting and in the growth period;
transplanting holes are arranged according to the plant spacing of 25-35cm, the row spacing of 25-35cm and the depth of 10-12 cm;
transplanting 2-5 seedlings in each transplanting hole;
and the transplanting also comprises water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage management.
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