CN110301546A - 一种用于反刍幼畜的代乳粉及其应用 - Google Patents
一种用于反刍幼畜的代乳粉及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110301546A CN110301546A CN201811179733.0A CN201811179733A CN110301546A CN 110301546 A CN110301546 A CN 110301546A CN 201811179733 A CN201811179733 A CN 201811179733A CN 110301546 A CN110301546 A CN 110301546A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
Landscapes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明以芽孢杆菌GBacillus‑9（甲基营养型芽孢杆菌Bacillus methylotrophicus）菌株制得的菌制剂为主要活性成分，与其他成分进行合理优化复配，制成代乳粉，填补了现有技中的空白，动物实验结果显示，本发明所述的代乳粉能够显著提高反刍幼畜的免疫力，对于幼畜腹泻具有显著的预防和治疗效果，其治疗效果明显高于现有的市场化产品，有广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于畜牧工程领域，具体涉及一种治疗和预防羔羊腹泻的饲料组合物。
背景技术
腹泻是阻碍羊羔生长发育、导致羊羔病死的主要原因之一，其发病率和死亡率均很高，病原复杂、发病迅速，发病没有明显的季节性和规律，是影响我国养羊业生产和发展的重要因素。
引起羊腹泻的原因主要有：1、病毒或细菌或寄生虫引起的传染性腹泻，2、饲养条件不良引起的或应激反应引起的非传染性腹泻。常见的传染性病毒或细菌主要有大肠杆菌、沙门氏杆菌、巴氏杆菌、B型魏氏梭菌等，寄生虫感染一般是由艾美耳球虫引起，而非传染性因素主要是母羊妊娠期营养补给不足或过度以及羔羊自身生理机能不健全等因素引起，其中应激性腹泻最为复杂，应激本身不是一种病，但应激反应会破坏机体的防御系统，引起其他疾病。市面上针对应激性腹泻的治疗多是采用抗生素进行补救式治疗，但这样又易引起抗生素滥用、耐药菌的出现以及破坏肠道菌群等问题。
CN101724607A中提供了一种对产肠毒素大肠杆菌ETEC-K99有强裂解性的噬菌体EK99-CM，生物实验显示对治疗因ETEC-K99病原引起的仔猪腹泻有较好的治疗效果。CN103946375A和CN102266552A也公开了另外两种针对大肠杆菌性腹泻的噬菌体复方微生物，这些组合物均是针对猪仔细菌性感染腹泻，牛、羊均为反刍食草动物（多胃），其疾病治疗的方法和用药与猪（单胃）等动物有显著差别。
CN102940876A中公开了一种多肽GH27在制备预防及治疗山羊腹泻药物中的应用，生物学实验显示其对大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌和白色念珠菌有一定的抑菌效果，但未对山羊或者牛等活体进行测试。
CN103263444A中公开了含有芽孢型乳酸杆菌的微生态制剂，该芽孢型乳酸杆菌从健康山羊粪便中分离出来，相比于氟哌酸组，该专利的组合物的腹泻发生率和腹泻率均有效降低。
CN104232547A中公开了用于羊饲料的微生物菌群添加剂，添加剂为复合菌群（双歧杆菌、酿酒酵母、凝结芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和粪场球菌），该添加剂主要为了改善羊的肠道生态环境，增加有益菌群比例，防止羊瘤胃内的原虫比例过高，提高免疫力。
目前针对于减少和避免羊发生腹泻的功能性饲料制剂种类仍较少，微生物制剂的来源较少、选择面窄、使用效果也不够理想，尤其是针对羔羊腹泻的饲料制品，急需开发。
发明内容
本发明提供一种幼龄反刍动物的代乳粉制品，其在预防和治疗幼畜，例如羔羊腹泻具有良好的效果，本发明的组合物原料易得，工艺简单，适合规模化生产。
为实现上述目的，本发明的具体方案为：
所述代乳粉，以重量百分比计，含有：淀粉50-80%，蛋白粉10-30%，菌制剂1-5%，氨基酸预混料0-10%，维生素预混料0-5%，矿物质预混料0-5%，所述菌制剂主要活性成分为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌（Bacillusmethylotrophicus）GBacillus-9。
所述淀粉可以是普通淀粉，例如玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉等，或α-淀粉。优选α-淀粉，利于消化吸收。
所述蛋白粉可以是膨化大豆粉、玉米蛋白粉、乳清粉、奶粉或其混合物，出于经济节约，可以全部是膨化大豆粉和/或玉米蛋白粉。
所述氨基酸预混料中含有赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸和半胱氨酸，按照配比称取后，混合均匀即可。其中，按照重量份数计，赖氨酸2-20份，蛋氨酸2-20份，苏氨酸2-20份，色氨酸1-5份，半胱氨酸5-10份。
所述菌制剂来源于CN106957805A中公开的甲基营养型芽孢杆菌（Bacillusmethylotrophicus）GBacillus-9，保藏号为CGMCC No. 13337。将发酵液和玉米淀粉以1L:100g的比例混合均匀，喷雾干燥，进口温度为180度，出口温度为90度，收集得到菌制剂。
所述维生素预混料中含有维生素A、维生素B2、B5、B6、B12、维生素D、维生素E和维生素K，按照配比称取后，混合均匀即可。其中，按照重量份数计，维生素A 10-30份，维生素B2、B5、B6、B12各1-6份，维生素D 5-15份，维生素E 5-15份，维生素K 1-5份。
所述矿物质预混料中含有硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、磷酸二氢钙、碳酸钙、硫酸镁、碘酸钾、硫酸钴，按照配比称取后、混合均匀即可。其中，按重量份数计，硫酸铜1-5份，硫酸亚铁5-10份，硫酸锰5-10份，硫酸锌1-5份，磷酸二氢钙15-20份，碳酸钙25-30份，硫酸镁5-10份，碘酸钾1-5份，硫酸钴1-5份。
优选的，本发明所述的代乳粉中，以重量百分比计，淀粉60-75%，蛋白粉20-25%，菌制剂3-5%，氨基酸预混料1-5%，维生素预混料0.05-2%，矿物质预混料1-5%。
本发明还提供所述代乳粉的制造方法，包括以下步骤：将各组分原料加入混合机中，搅拌、研磨混合均匀，出料。
本发明还提供所述代乳粉用于制备预防和/或治疗反刍幼畜腹泻的饲料。
所述应用，优选为应用于反刍幼畜为犊牛、羔羊。
所述的应用，优选所述腹泻为细菌性腹泻、寄生虫性腹泻、病毒性腹泻和应激性腹泻。
本发明还提供所述代乳粉在制备0-3月龄反刍幼畜的饲料中的应用。具体地，幼畜出生10日龄后，即可将本发明所述的代乳品与水混合均匀直接饲喂或将本发明所述的代乳品与奶混合后直接饲喂，或将本发明的代乳粉添加至精料中，在30日龄以后饲喂。
技术效果
已有实验数据显示，本发明所述的来源于芽孢杆菌GBacillus-9（甲基营养型芽孢杆菌Bacillus methylotrophicus）菌株发酵液具有抑菌活性。现有技术中并未有将该菌株发酵液应用至反刍动物中的报道，本发明以由该菌株制得的菌制剂为主要活性成分，经过大量实验探索，与其他成分进行合理优化复配，制成代乳粉，填补了现有技中的空白，动物实验结果显示，本发明所述的代乳粉能够显著提高反刍幼畜的免疫力，对于幼畜腹泻具有显著的预防和治疗效果，其治疗效果明显高于现有的市场化产品，有广泛的应用前景。
具体实施方式
一、试验动物与饲养管理
试验动物：15-30日龄未断奶的山羊羔羊34只，均腹泻，另15只出生日龄接近的非腹泻羔羊作为健康对照组。
动物饲养管理：试验羊每17只设为一个试验组，每个试验组单栏饲养，所有试验羊均打耳号，免疫程序按羊场正规程序进行。试验前驱虫，称重，对羊舍地面、四壁等进行消毒。每日饲喂2次、自由饮水。观察羊健康状况、腹泻情况并对粪便进行评分。于试验正式开始第1、7、14、21、28、35天早晨饲喂前空腹测定羔羊的体重。
试验处理：试验处理组每日两次共喂乳品1000ml，乳品为本发明所述的代乳粉与水按照8:1的比例配置而得，对照组饲喂同等重量的市场在售品牌代乳粉（如:中博特），所有组干草同条件自由采食。
试验设计：采用随机区组试验设计，其中预饲期7天，正式试验期28天，总计35天。
二、研究内容与样品采集
（1）乳品对羔羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响。
试验的第0和35天，晨饲后3h使用口腔采样管从瘤胃瘘管伸入瘤胃中下层，于瘤胃背囊、腹囊多点无菌采集各试验组牛的瘤胃内容物50ml/头，用4层纱布过滤，获得液相样品，立刻用酸度计测定瘤胃液pH值，分管于10mL离心管中。瘤胃内容物用来提取总的细菌DNA，进行菌群多样性检测。
（2）乳品对羔羊血液生化指标的影响。
于试验的第0、35天采集颈静脉血液。分别于晨饲后3h使用一次性负压管血清管，采集静脉血5ml/头，室温静置30min后，4℃ 3000g离心15min，制备得到血浆和血清，保存于冰箱内。
（3）乳品对羔羊生长健康的影响
记录腹泻率；测定体重总增重量和日均增重量。
（4）乳品对羔羊肠道微生物的影响
试验的第0和35天，收集试验羔羊的粪便，用来提取粪便中总的细菌DNA，进行菌群多样性检测。
三、代乳品的配方
（1）玉米淀粉60%，玉米蛋白粉15%，奶粉10%，菌制剂3%，氨基酸预混料8%，维生素预混料2%，矿物质预混料2%。其中，氨基酸预混料中，赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸和半胱氨酸的重量比为2:5:2:1:5；维生素预混料中，维生素A、维生素B2、B5、B6、B12、维生素D、维生素E和维生素K的重量比分别为：10:1:1:3:2:15:10:1；矿物质预混料中，硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、磷酸二氢钙、碳酸钙、硫酸镁、碘酸钾、硫酸钴的重量比分别为：1:5:5:4:20:30:5:2:2。
（2）玉米淀粉70%，玉米蛋白粉20%，菌制剂5%，氨基酸预混料3%，维生素预混料1%，矿物质预混料1%，各预混料的配比同配方（1）。
（3）玉米淀粉65%，玉米蛋白粉17%，菌制剂8%，氨基酸预混料5%，维生素预混料3%，矿物质预混料2%，各预混料的配比同配方（1）。
（4）玉米淀粉70%，奶粉26%，菌制剂4%。
四、实验结果
（1）四组腹泻羊羔组在饲喂乳品7d后，腹泻情况均明显好转，14d后已全部治愈，其中，第（2）组在第10d后已全部治愈，时间最短，而对照组在14d后仍有高达40%的腹泻率，说明本发明的代乳品对于治疗羊羔的腹泻具有明显作用。
（2）根据血液生理生化指标结果显示，直接饲喂本发明代乳品显著提高了羊羔的免疫球蛋白IgA和IgG以及免疫因子IL-2、IL-4和IL-6的含量，其中第（2）组的IgA和IgG的增幅最高，第（1）组的免疫因子IL-2、IL-4和IL-6的含量增幅最高，说明该饲料添加能够通过提高羔羊的免疫力，进而对腹泻有较好的预防与治疗作用，第（1）组与对照组的
表1 血液生理生化指标检测
| 对照组 | 喂养组 | P value | |
| SOD（U/ml） | 15.45 | 15.28 | 0.46 |
| 白蛋白（g/L） | 40.35 | 42.48 | 0.43 |
| 总蛋白（g/L） | 52.73 | 56.09 | 0.16 |
| 丙二醛（mmol/L） | 1.56 | 1.69 | 0.47 |
| 溶菌酶（U/ml） | 850 | 805.56 | 0.53 |
| IgA（mg/ml） | 2.14 | 2.55 | 0.06 |
| IgG（mg/ml） | 7.43 | 8.8 | 0.04 |
| IgM（mg/ml） | 1.23 | 1.37 | 0.11 |
| IL-2（ng/L） | 28.09 | 34.52 | 0.08 |
| IL-4（ng/L） | 74.15 | 90.82 | 0.01 |
| IL-6（ng/L） | 98.57 | 117.04 | 0.02 |
（3）喂饲代乳品的四组之间增重差异不明显（p＞0.05），但显著高于对照组（p＜0.05），以第（1）组增重幅度最高，相对于对照组高出18.6%，说明本发明的代乳品的生物利用度较好，能有效实现羊羔的增重。
（4）检测瘤胃内挥发性脂肪酸（乙酸、丙酸和丁酸）的组成，结果表明，相对于对照组，直接饲喂本发明的代乳品后，并没有改变瘤胃的发酵参加，不影响瘤胃的功能。
| 对照组 | 喂养组 | P value | |
| 乙酸 | 0.65 | 0.67 | 0.46 |
| 丙酸 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.57 |
| 丁酸 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.56 |
（5）瘤胃微生物多样性检测发现：试验组和对照组之间的微生物的多样性没有显著差异，说明直接饲喂本发明代乳品后不影响瘤胃的菌群分布和瘤胃发育。
（6）粪便微生物多样性检测发现：试验组粪便中微生物的丰度和对照有一定的差异，芽孢杆菌种属的细菌丰度有所提高。说明饲喂本发明的代乳品能够通过引起肠道微生物的丰度差异变化，提高有益菌的丰度，增强幼龄反刍动物的免疫力，进而对腹泻疾病有较为显著的治疗和预防作用。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于反刍幼畜的代乳粉，其特征在于：以重量百分比计，含有：淀粉50-80%，蛋白粉10-30%，菌制剂1-5%，氨基酸预混料0-10%，维生素预混料0-5%，矿物质预混料0-5%，所述菌制剂主要活性成分为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌（Bacillusmethylotrophicus）GBacillus-9。
2.根据权利要求1所述的代乳粉，其特征在于：以重量百分比计，含有淀粉60-75%，蛋白粉20-25%，菌制剂3-5%，氨基酸预混料1-5%，维生素预混料0.05-2%，矿物质预混料1-5%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的代乳品，其特征在于：所述淀粉为玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、α-淀粉或其混合物，更优选α-淀粉。
4.根据权利要求1所述的代乳粉，其特征在于：所述蛋白粉为膨化大豆粉、玉米蛋白粉、乳清粉、奶粉或其混合物，优选膨化大豆粉、玉米蛋白粉和奶粉。
5.根据权利要求1所述的代乳粉，其特征在于：所述氨基酸预混料中含有赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸和半胱氨酸，其中，按照重量份数计，赖氨酸2-20份，蛋氨酸2-20份，苏氨酸2-20份，色氨酸1-5份，半胱氨酸5-10份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的代乳粉，其特征在于：所述维生素预混料中含有维生素A、维生素B2、B5、B6、B12、维生素D、维生素E和维生素K，按照配比称取后，混合均匀即可，其中，按照重量份数计，维生素A 10-30份，维生素B2、B5、B6、B12各1-6份，维生素D 5-15份，维生素E5-15份，维生素K 1-5份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的代乳粉，其特征在于：所述矿物质预混料中含有硫酸铜、硫酸亚铁、硫酸锰、硫酸锌、磷酸二氢钙、碳酸钙、硫酸镁、碘酸钾、硫酸钴，其中，按重量份数计，硫酸铜1-5份，硫酸亚铁5-10份，硫酸锰5-10份，硫酸锌1-5份，磷酸二氢钙15-20份，碳酸钙25-30份，硫酸镁5-10份，碘酸钾1-5份，硫酸钴1-5份。
8.权利要求1-7所述的代乳粉用于制备预防和/或治疗反刍幼畜腹泻的饲料。
9.根据权利要求8中所述的应用，其特征在于所述反刍幼畜为犊牛、羔羊。
10.根据权利要求8中所述的应用，其特征在于所述腹泻为细菌性腹泻、寄生虫性腹泻、病毒性腹泻和应激性腹泻。
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| CN102894218A (zh) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-30 | 中国农业科学院饲料研究所 | 一种0-3月龄羔羊的代乳品及其制备方法 |
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| CN107125459A (zh) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-05 | 安徽羊羊得意生态农业科技有限公司 | 一种治疗羔羊腹泻的饲料 |
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| US5785990A (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 1998-07-28 | Merrick's, Inc. | Feed fortifier and enhancer for preruminant calves and method of using same |
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