CN110283974A - A kind of heat treatment process of pressure vessel 12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings - Google Patents
A kind of heat treatment process of pressure vessel 12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings Download PDFInfo
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- CN110283974A CN110283974A CN201910663186.1A CN201910663186A CN110283974A CN 110283974 A CN110283974 A CN 110283974A CN 201910663186 A CN201910663186 A CN 201910663186A CN 110283974 A CN110283974 A CN 110283974A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pressure vessel heat treatment process of 12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings, the heat treatment process includes heat treatment after forging technique, property heat treatment technique, the heat treatment after forging technique includes first time normalizing, second of normalizaion, and the property heat treatment technique includes quenching and high tempering.The present invention passes through the heat treatment process by optimization pressure container 12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings, so that 12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings room temperature with higher and elevated temperature strength, hardness, good low-temperature impact toughness, anti-temper brittleness and creep rupture strength, grain size has been refined, verifying has repeatedly been produced and measures the requirement that its intensity, hardness meet NB/T47008-2017 standard " bearing device carbon steel and alloy steel forging ".
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heavy forging technical field of heat treatment technology, and in particular to a kind of pressure vessel 12Cr2Mo1V steel
The heat treatment process of forging.
Background technique
Pressure vessel refers to filling gas or liquid, carries the Sealing Arrangement of certain pressure.Reactor, divides heat exchanger
Belong to pressure vessel from device and storage etc..Pressure vessel has in process to be extremely widely applied, the pressure of various specifications
Container is widely used in petroleum, natural gas, petrochemical industry and chemical industry etc..
Current many high temperature, high pressure, hydrogen-type corrosion, super-pressure key equipment such as nuclear pressure shell, large-scale hydrogenator, EO/
The pressure vessels such as EG device reaction device all use smithwelding formula.Meanwhile the operating condition of the harshness such as high temperature, high pressure of pressure vessel
Requirements at the higher level are proposed to the selection of material, 12Cr2Mo1V steel alloy has creep strength more higher than 12Cr2Mo1 steel alloy
And creep rupture strength, it is the ideal material of heavy smithwelding formula pressure vessel.NB/T47008-2017 standard " bearing device carbon
Plain steel and alloy steel forging " have to 12Cr2Mo1V Steel material ingredient and performance clearly stipulate that still to acquisition comprehensive performance
Excellent 12Cr2Mo1V steel heavy type smithwelding formula pressure container forgeable piece is needed to optimize material composition proportion, and is reasonably selected
Smelting, forging and the heat treatment process of forging.It, cannot if heat treatment after forging inappropriate technology after the forging of 12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings
The mechanical performance for improving material well, organizes coarse grains, be easy to cause in subsequent welding process and form stress concentration phenomenon.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pressure vessel heat treatment process of 12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings.
To achieve the above object, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows: a kind of pressure vessel 12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings
Heat treatment process, the heat treatment process includes heat treatment after forging technique, property heat treatment technique；
The specific steps of the heat treatment after forging technique are as follows:
(1) first time normalizing
Forging to be heated is put into heat-treatment furnace, 600~650 DEG C keep the temperature 5~8 hours, heat-treatment furnace with 100~
The heating rate of 120 DEG C/h is heated to 910 ± 10 DEG C, keeps the temperature 6~12 hours, hangs lower trolley water cooling to 400~450 DEG C；
(2) second of normalizing
The shove charge at 350 ± 10 DEG C by the forging after first time normalizing, keeps the temperature 8~12 hours, then with 80~100 DEG C/h
Heating rate be warming up to 560 ± 10 DEG C, keep the temperature 8~10 hours；720 are heated to again with the heating rate of 120~160 DEG C/h ±
10 DEG C, 12~24 hours are kept the temperature, lower trolley is hung and is air-cooled to 400~450 DEG C；
(3) high tempering
The shove charge at 350 ± 10 DEG C by the forging after second of normalizing, keeps the temperature 8~12 hours, then with 100~120 DEG C/
The heating rate of h is warming up to 700 ± 20 DEG C, and heat preservation is cooled to after 38~50 hours lower than 150 DEG C, comes out of the stove, completes the forging of forging
Heat treatment process afterwards；
The specific steps of the property heat treatment technique are as follows:
(1) it quenches
The shove charge at 380 ± 20 DEG C by the forging after heat treatment after forging, after being warming up to 650 ± 10 DEG C, heat preservation 4~8 hours,
930 ± 10 DEG C of hardening heat are warming up to, keeps the temperature 10~15 hours, then water cooling to room temperature；
(2) high tempering
After quenched forging is warming up to 350 ± 10 DEG C, heat preservation 10~15 hours, with the heating speed of 80~100 DEG C/h
Degree is warming up to 650 ± 10 DEG C of tempering temperature, keeps the temperature 18~30 hours, is air-cooled to room temperature.
Preferably, the quenching is using the method for quenching is proposed, i.e., after the forging for heating fresh baked being entered water holding 2min completely, rapidly
It leaves the water and breaks forging surface air film, be repeated 2 times, then forging is entered into water, realize the rapid cooling of forging.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The present invention passes through the heat treatment after forging technique of optimization pressure container 12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings, so that 12Cr2Mo1V
Steel forgings room temperature with higher and elevated temperature strength, hardness, good low-temperature impact toughness, anti-temper brittleness and high-temperature and durable are strong
Degree, has refined grain size, is repeatedly produced verifying and measures its intensity, hardness and meets NB/T47008-2017 standard " bearing device
With carbon steel and alloy steel forging " requirement.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.
12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings material of main part is raw using the methods of electric furnace smelting, external refining, vacuum carbon deoxidization VCD
The inherent fine grain steel of production.Chemical component meets the requirement of table 1, and chemical analysis is analyzed by method as defined in GB223.
Table 1
Embodiment 1
The heat treatment process of 12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings includes heat treatment after forging technique, property heat treatment technique；
The specific steps of the heat treatment after forging technique are as follows:
(1) first time normalizing
Forging to be heated is put into heat-treatment furnace, 650 DEG C keep the temperature 7 hours, and heat-treatment furnace is with the heating speed of 120 DEG C/h
Degree is heated to 910 ± 10 DEG C, keeps the temperature 10 hours, hangs lower trolley water cooling to 400~450 DEG C；The purpose of first time normalizing is to eliminate forging
The stress formed during making improves microscopic structure.The temperature of first time normalizing, austenitizing is higher, is Ac3+ (50~100
DEG C), to cut off contacting between coarse grain and newborn crystal grain in forging tissue, but at this moment gained austenite grain is still relatively thick
Greatly, secondary normalizing need to be carried out and further refines crystal grain.12Cr2Mo1V is pressure vessel forging quality steel, and Ac3 temperature is 840~860
DEG C, so 900-920 DEG C of normalizing temperature of selection.
(2) second of normalizing
The shove charge at 350 ± 10 DEG C by the forging after first time normalizing, keeps the temperature 10 hours, then with the heating of 100 DEG C/h
Speed is warming up to 560 ± 10 DEG C, keeps the temperature 8 hours；720 ± 10 DEG C are heated to the heating rate of 160 DEG C/h again, heat preservation 16 is small
When, it hangs lower trolley and is air-cooled to 400~450 DEG C；The temperature of second of normalizing, austenitizing is lower, usually (25~50 Ac3+
DEG C), selecting normalizing temperature is 710~730 DEG C, and its purpose is to obtain thinner crystal grain.Below or above normalizing temperature, no
Conducive to acquisition compared with fine grain.To improve the tissue and performance of forging.
It is usually coarse grains, the ingredient eliminating steel and being generated in smelting process using double normalizing for large forgings
The defects of segregation, eliminates the stress that forging is formed in forging process, improves microscopic structure, farthest improves grain size.
(3) high tempering
The shove charge at 350 ± 10 DEG C by the forging after second of normalizing, keeps the temperature 12 hours, then with the heating of 120 DEG C/h
Speed is warming up to 700 ± 20 DEG C, and heat preservation is cooled to after 50 hours lower than 150 DEG C, comes out of the stove, completes the heat treatment after forging work of forging
Skill；12Cr2Mo1V contains higher Mo, and temper resistance is excellent, and tempered sorbite is obtained after high tempering, with higher tough
Property and intensity.After heavy forging normalizing, internal stress can be eliminated with high tempering and improve tissue and performance.High tempering after normalizing
Stress can be eliminated, crystal grain is refined, reduces hardness.Plasticity is lower after normalizing, is improved a lot by high tempering plasticity.So
So that forging has certain degree of hardness and intensity, and the comprehensive mechanical property with good plasticity and toughness.
The specific steps of the property heat treatment technique are as follows:
(1) it quenches
The shove charge at 380 ± 20 DEG C by the forging after heat treatment after forging rises after being warming up to 650 ± 10 DEG C, heat preservation 6 hours
Temperature keeps the temperature 10 hours, then water cooling to room temperature to 930 ± 10 DEG C of hardening heat；The quenching will be heated rigid using the method for quenching is proposed
After the forging come out of the stove enters water holding 2min completely, leaves the water break forging surface air film rapidly, be repeated 2 times, then forging is entered
Water realizes the rapid cooling of forging.Its advantage: when being 1. heated to 900~960 DEG C due to steel alloy, alloying element is largely molten
Enter to make in matrix the harden ability of material good, selection is heated to 930 ± 10 DEG C.Using water cooling can obtain preferable tissue with compared with
High hardness.2. it is fast and cooling abundant to quench cooling velocity, high-intensitive and hardness is obtained.
(2) high tempering
After quenched forging is warming up to 350 ± 10 DEG C, heat preservation 12 hours, it is warming up to the heating rate of 100 DEG C/h
650 ± 10 DEG C of tempering temperature, 18 hours are kept the temperature, room temperature is air-cooled to.
Thoroughly to eliminate internal stress, the plasticity and toughness of metal are improved, to obtain the excellent combination power of high-intensitive and toughness
Learn performance.
Compared with traditional property heat treatment technique, since quenching cooling velocity is fast and cooling abundant, be conducive to improve forging
Part intensity；And using 650 DEG C of high tempering, it help to obtain favorable comprehensive mechanical property.
It materialses to the forging prepared according to the method described in the present invention and carries out performance detection, including room-temperature yield strength
(Rp0.2) and mechanical properties (Rm), 375 DEG C of high-temperature yield strength (Rp0.2), 375 DEG C of mechanical properties (Rm), -30 DEG C
Charpy-V impact power (Kv2), autstenitic grain size, sulfide (A class), alumina type (B class), silicates (C class) and spherical oxygen
Compound class (D class), the spherical class of individual particle (Ds class) non-metallic inclusion, the evaluation of temper brittleness sensibility, stress-rupture tester, inspection
It is as follows to survey result:
Room-temperature yield strength (Rp0.2) it is 520MPa and mechanical properties (Rm) are 658MPa, 375 DEG C of high temperature yields are strong
Spend (Rp0.2) it is 440MPa, 375 DEG C of mechanical properties (Rm) are 518MPa, hardness 205HB, -30 DEG C of Charpy-V impact powers
It (Kv2) is 290J, autstenitic grain size is 9.0 grades, and A, B, C, D, Ds class non-metallic inclusion are respectively less than 0.5 grade, temper brittleness
Sensibility evaluates VTr54=-80 DEG C of VTr54+3.0 Δ, and microscopic structure is bainite tempered structure.
Stress-rupture tester: sample keeps 1000h unbroken in the case where temperature is 540 DEG C, stress is 210MPa.
The present invention is by the heat treatment process by optimization pressure container 12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings, so that 12Cr2Mo1V
Steel forgings room temperature with higher and elevated temperature strength, hardness, good low-temperature impact toughness, anti-temper brittleness and high-temperature and durable are strong
Degree, has refined grain size, is repeatedly produced verifying and measures its intensity, hardness and meets NB/T47008-2017 standard " bearing device
With carbon steel and alloy steel forging " requirement.
Embodiment 2
The heat treatment process of 12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings includes heat treatment after forging technique, property heat treatment technique；
The specific steps of the heat treatment after forging technique are as follows:
(1) first time normalizing
Forging to be heated is put into heat-treatment furnace, 600 DEG C keep the temperature 8 hours, and heat-treatment furnace is with the heating speed of 100 DEG C/h
Degree is heated to 910 ± 10 DEG C, keeps the temperature 6 hours, hangs lower trolley water cooling to 400~450 DEG C；
(2) second of normalizing
The shove charge at 350 ± 10 DEG C by the forging after first time normalizing, keeps the temperature 8 hours, then with the heating speed of 80 DEG C/h
Degree is warming up to 560 ± 10 DEG C, keeps the temperature 10 hours；720 ± 10 DEG C are heated to the heating rate of 120 DEG C/h again, keeps the temperature 12 hours,
It hangs lower trolley and is air-cooled to 400~450 DEG C；
(3) high tempering
The shove charge at 350 ± 10 DEG C by the forging after second of normalizing, keeps the temperature 10 hours, then with the heating of 100 DEG C/h
Speed is warming up to 700 ± 20 DEG C, and heat preservation is cooled to after 38 hours lower than 150 DEG C, comes out of the stove, completes the heat treatment after forging work of forging
Skill；
The specific steps of the property heat treatment technique are as follows:
(1) it quenches
The shove charge at 380 ± 20 DEG C by the forging after heat treatment after forging rises after being warming up to 650 ± 10 DEG C, heat preservation 4 hours
Temperature keeps the temperature 10 hours, then water cooling to room temperature to 930 ± 10 DEG C of hardening heat；
(2) high tempering
After quenched forging is warming up to 350 ± 10 DEG C, heat preservation 10 hours, it is warming up to back with the heating rate of 80 DEG C/h
650 ± 10 DEG C of fiery temperature keeps the temperature 18 hours, is air-cooled to room temperature.
Embodiment 3
The heat treatment process of 12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings includes heat treatment after forging technique, property heat treatment technique；
The specific steps of the heat treatment after forging technique are as follows:
(1) first time normalizing
Forging to be heated is put into heat-treatment furnace, 650 DEG C keep the temperature 5 hours, and heat-treatment furnace is with the heating speed of 120 DEG C/h
Degree is heated to 910 ± 10 DEG C, keeps the temperature 12 hours, hangs lower trolley water cooling to 400~450 DEG C；
(2) second of normalizing
The shove charge at 350 ± 10 DEG C by the forging after first time normalizing, keeps the temperature 12 hours, then with the heating of 100 DEG C/h
Speed is warming up to 560 ± 10 DEG C, keeps the temperature 8 hours；720 ± 10 DEG C are heated to the heating rate of 160 DEG C/h again, heat preservation 24 is small
When, it hangs lower trolley and is air-cooled to 400~450 DEG C；
(3) high tempering
The shove charge at 350 ± 10 DEG C by the forging after second of normalizing, keeps the temperature 12 hours, then with the heating of 120 DEG C/h
Speed is warming up to 700 ± 20 DEG C, and heat preservation is cooled to after 45 hours lower than 150 DEG C, comes out of the stove, completes the heat treatment after forging work of forging
Skill；
The specific steps of the property heat treatment technique are as follows:
(1) it quenches
The shove charge at 380 ± 20 DEG C by the forging after heat treatment after forging rises after being warming up to 650 ± 10 DEG C, heat preservation 8 hours
Temperature keeps the temperature 15 hours, then water cooling to room temperature to 930 ± 10 DEG C of hardening heat；
(2) high tempering
After quenched forging is warming up to 350 ± 10 DEG C, heat preservation 15 hours, it is warming up to the heating rate of 100 DEG C/h
650 ± 10 DEG C of tempering temperature, 30 hours are kept the temperature, room temperature is air-cooled to.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of pressure vessel heat treatment process of 12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings, the heat treatment process includes at hot after forging
Science and engineering skill, property heat treatment technique；It is characterized in that,
The specific steps of the heat treatment after forging technique are as follows:
(1) first time normalizing
Forging to be heated is put into heat-treatment furnace, 600~650 DEG C keep the temperature 5~8 hours, heat-treatment furnace with 100~120 DEG C/
The heating rate of h is heated to 910 ± 10 DEG C, keeps the temperature 6~12 hours, hangs lower trolley water cooling to 400~450 DEG C；
(2) second of normalizing
The shove charge at 350 ± 10 DEG C by the forging after first time normalizing, keeps the temperature 8~12 hours, then with the liter of 80~100 DEG C/h
Warm speed is warming up to 560 ± 10 DEG C, keeps the temperature 8~10 hours；720 ± 10 are heated to again with the heating rate of 120~160 DEG C/h
DEG C, 12~24 hours are kept the temperature, lower trolley is hung and is air-cooled to 400~450 DEG C；
(3) high tempering
The shove charge at 350 ± 10 DEG C by the forging after second of normalizing, keeps the temperature 8~12 hours, then with 100~120 DEG C/h's
Heating rate is warming up to 700 ± 20 DEG C, and heat preservation is cooled to after 38~50 hours lower than 150 DEG C, is come out of the stove, and completes heat after the forging of forging
Treatment process；
The specific steps of the property heat treatment technique are as follows:
(1) it quenches
The shove charge at 380 ± 20 DEG C by the forging after heat treatment after forging, after being warming up to 650 ± 10 DEG C, heat preservation 4~8 hours, heating
To 930 ± 10 DEG C of hardening heat, 10~15 hours are kept the temperature, then water cooling to room temperature；
(2) high tempering
After quenched forging is warming up to 350 ± 10 DEG C, heat preservation 10~15 hours, with the heating rate liter of 80~100 DEG C/h
Temperature keeps the temperature 18~30 hours, is air-cooled to room temperature to 650 ± 10 DEG C of tempering temperature.
2. a kind of heat treatment process of pressure vessel 12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings according to claim 1, feature exist
In the quenching after the forging for heating fresh baked is entered water holding 2min completely, leaves the water break rapidly using the method for quenching is proposed
Forging surface air film, is repeated 2 times, then forging is entered water, realizes the rapid cooling of forging.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN111299495A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-19 | 伊莱特能源装备股份有限公司 | Green forging process method for transition section |
| CN113388776A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-14 | 兰州兰石集团有限公司铸锻分公司 | F22 material for well control device, forging method and heat treatment process thereof |
| CN114317897A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-12 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Pre-heat treatment process for super-strong high-toughness carburizing steel bar and forging |
| CN115679213A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-02-03 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Heat treatment process for controlling total section hardness difference of 42CrMo forge piece |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111299495A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-19 | 伊莱特能源装备股份有限公司 | Green forging process method for transition section |
| CN113388776A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-14 | 兰州兰石集团有限公司铸锻分公司 | F22 material for well control device, forging method and heat treatment process thereof |
| CN114317897A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-12 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Pre-heat treatment process for super-strong high-toughness carburizing steel bar and forging |
| CN115679213A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-02-03 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Heat treatment process for controlling total section hardness difference of 42CrMo forge piece |
| CN115679213B (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-08-25 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Heat treatment process for controlling full-section hardness difference of 42CrMo forge piece |
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Application publication date: 20190927 |