CN110468348B - 022Cr19Ni10 stainless steel flange for nuclear power station and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
022Cr19Ni10 stainless steel flange for nuclear power station and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110468348B CN110468348B CN201910870975.2A CN201910870975A CN110468348B CN 110468348 B CN110468348 B CN 110468348B CN 201910870975 A CN201910870975 A CN 201910870975A CN 110468348 B CN110468348 B CN 110468348B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
Abstract
The invention discloses a 022Cr19Ni10 stainless steel flange for a nuclear power station, which comprises the following chemical components: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 2 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 19.5 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 11.5 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 1 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of B, and the balance of iron. Also disclosed is a method of manufacture comprising the steps of: raw material refining: refining the raw materials into a stainless steel ingot containing the chemical components; forging: forging the obtained stainless steel ingot into a stainless steel flange by using a hydraulic press or an air hammer; and (3) heat treatment: heating to 1050-1120 ℃, preserving heat, and then cooling by water. And (3) detection: and performing physical and chemical detection and nondestructive detection on the stainless steel forging subjected to heat treatment. Through the mode, the purity of the material is controlled, the corrosion resistance and the strength of the material are improved, and the mechanical property of the material is effectively improved. In the aspect of the manufacturing method, the adverse effect on the performance of the forging is avoided; the forging piece is ensured to have an excellent microstructure through solution treatment, and the austenite grains of the forging piece are prevented from growing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of stainless steel forging, in particular to a 022Cr19Ni10 stainless steel flange for a nuclear power station and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The stainless steel material has brightness close to a mirror surface, has series characteristics of excellent corrosion resistance, compatibility, toughness and the like, and is used in the industries of heavy/light industry, living goods industry, architectural decoration and the like.
Hua Long I is the third generation nuclear power technology independently developed in China, the performance and the applicable standard of a flange and a forging used by a nuclear power station are different from those of foreign nuclear power technologies, the HuaLong I nuclear power technology is bound to become a main model of the nuclear power station which is self-built and exported in China in the future, and the future development space is wide. A lot of 022Cr19Ni10 flanges and forgings are used in Hua Long I nuclear power units, and the 022Cr19Ni10 flanges and forgings are made of materials, manufactured, inspected and accepted to meet the requirements of the specifications of nuclear power unit austenitic stainless steel purchasing. The manufacturing requirements of the flange and the forge piece of the Hualong I nuclear power unit are completely different from those of French RCC-M nuclear power units and American AP1000 nuclear power units, and the manufacturing requirements of the flange and the forge piece of the Hualong I nuclear power unit are different, and the Hualong I nuclear power unit belongs to different nuclear power standard systems.
The forging used in the nuclear power station has higher performance requirements on the stainless steel forging. 022Cr19Ni10 stainless steel is a versatile stainless steel material. 022Cr19Ni10 is a variant of 304 stainless steel with a low carbon content and is used in applications where welding is required. The lower carbon content minimizes carbide precipitation in the heat affected zone near the weld, which may lead to intergranular corrosion (weld erosion) of the stainless steel in certain environments. 022Cr19Ni10 stainless steel has poor forging properties and is difficult to deform. Due to the work hardening phenomenon. So that the amount of deformation during the elongation of the core rod cannot be given too much. And the heat loss is large. Therefore, the molding must be performed with a large number of fire. If the treatment is not good in the high-temperature heat-preservation stage, coarse crystals are generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing the 022Cr19Ni10 stainless steel flange for the nuclear power station and the manufacturing method thereof, which can effectively improve the mechanical property of materials, control the grain size of forgings and prevent the grain growth of the forgings.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a022 Cr19Ni10 stainless steel forging for a nuclear power station comprises the following chemical components: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 2 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 19.5 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 11.5 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 1 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of B, and the balance of iron.
A manufacturing method of 022Cr19Ni10 stainless steel forgings for nuclear power stations comprises the following steps:
raw material refining: refining the raw materials into a stainless steel ingot containing the chemical components;
forging: forging the obtained stainless steel ingot into a stainless steel forging by using a hydraulic press or an air hammer, wherein the heating and heat preservation temperature is less than or equal to 1200 ℃; forging and carrying out 2-4 times of forming, wherein the total forging ratio is more than or equal to 5, and the forging ratio of the last time of forging is more than or equal to 20% of the total forging ratio;
and (3) heat treatment: heating the forged stainless steel forging to 1050-1120 ℃, preserving heat, then performing water cooling, and rapidly and circularly cooling through a large water pool and an external reservoir during water cooling;
and (3) detection: and performing physical and chemical detection and nondestructive detection on the stainless steel flange subjected to heat treatment.
Preferably, in the forging step, the riser end of the stainless steel ingot is removed by 18% and the nozzle end of the stainless steel ingot is removed by 7%.
Preferably, in the forging step, the temperature of the returned forge piece is 10-20 ℃ lower than the primary heating temperature.
Preferably, in the forging step, the temperature for reheating the forging is the same as the temperature for primary heating.
Preferably, in the heat treatment step, the heat preservation time of the solution treatment is less than or equal to 4 h.
Preferably, after the heat treatment step, the mechanical property test is carried out on the stainless steel forging: and taking the stainless steel forging subjected to heat treatment, processing the stainless steel forging into a sample, and performing a tensile test and an impact test.
Preferably, the tensile test comprises a room temperature tensile test and a high temperature tensile test.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the 022Cr19Ni10 stainless steel forging for the nuclear power station and the manufacturing method thereof are provided, the purity of the material is controlled, the content of harmful elements is reduced on the raw material components, the corrosion resistance and the material strength of the material are improved, and the mechanical property of the material is effectively improved. In the aspect of the manufacturing method, the forging heating temperature is controlled, so that high-temperature ferrite is prevented from being generated, and the adverse effect on the performance of the forging is avoided. The material is normally a single-phase austenite structure, and should not contain excessive other phases, if the high-temperature ferrite is excessive, a brittle phase can be precipitated at the grain boundary in the use process, so that the brittleness of the material is increased, and the use is not facilitated. The forging piece is ensured to have excellent microstructure and smaller grain size through specific solution treatment, the heat treatment heat preservation time is controlled, and the austenite grain growth of the forging piece is prevented.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided to enable those skilled in the art to more readily understand the advantages and features of the present invention, and to clearly and unequivocally define the scope of the present invention.
A022 Cr19Ni10 stainless steel forging for a nuclear power station comprises the following chemical components: less than or equal to 0.03 percent of C, less than or equal to 1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 2 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 19.5 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 11.5 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 1 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of B, and the balance of iron. In order to control the purity of the material, reduce the contents of P and S elements, control the content of B element, adjust the contents of Cr and Ni elements, reduce the contents of harmful elements in the material components, effectively improve the mechanical properties of the material, and particularly increase the corrosion resistance and the strength of the material.
A manufacturing method of 022Cr19Ni10 stainless steel forgings for nuclear power stations comprises the following steps:
raw material refining: refining the raw material into a stainless steel ingot containing the chemical components by an AOD furnace (argon oxygen decarburization furnace), thereby ensuring the purity of the material.
Forging: and forging the obtained stainless steel ingot into a stainless steel forging by using a hydraulic press or an air hammer. The heating and heat preservation temperature is less than or equal to 1200 ℃, and high-temperature ferrite generated by high-temperature heating is avoided, and the high-temperature ferrite can affect the performance of the forging and cannot be eliminated. Forging is carried out for 2-3 times of heating forming, and one heating time can be added for a large-scale forging piece. In the forging step, the temperature of the returned forge piece is 10-20 ℃ lower than the primary heating temperature or the two temperatures are the same, namely the temperature of the forge piece heated in the next heating time is 10-20 ℃ lower than the temperature of the forge piece heated in the previous heating time or the two temperatures are the same. Effectively guarantee the forging temperature through many times of heating takes shape, avoid again that too much can make the decarburized layer can the thickening, the crystalline grain of forging can increase, and this manufacturing method is taken shape through 2 ~ 3 times of heating and is guaranteed the forging effect, avoids influencing the forging performance.
The total forging ratio is the sum of the forging ratios of the components, namely the total forging ratio is the sum of the forging ratios of the fire times. In the manufacturing method, the total forging ratio is more than or equal to 5, and the forging ratio of the last fire number is more than or equal to 20% of the total forging ratio during forging, so that the grain size can be ensured through the deformation of the last fire number, and the grain size of the manufactured 022Cr19Ni10 stainless steel forged piece measured according to the GB/T6394 specification can be effectively ensured to be more than or equal to 3 grade, thereby meeting the requirements in the technical specification of the nuclear power station.
In order to further reduce the defects in the forged piece, the removal amount of the riser end and the water mouth end of the steel ingot is increased. In the forging step, 18% of the feeder end of the stainless steel ingot and 7% of the nozzle end of the stainless steel ingot are removed. The blank is fully forged during forging, and the defects of as-cast structure and forging combination are eliminated.
And (3) heat treatment: heating the forged stainless steel forging to 1050-1120 ℃, preserving heat, then performing water cooling, rapidly and circularly cooling through a large water pool and an external reservoir during water cooling, and enabling the overall dimension of the forging to be as close to the product dimension as possible through rapid water cooling. In order to prevent austenite grains from growing too fast during heat treatment and heating, the heat preservation time of the solution treatment is less than or equal to 4 h. The manufacturing method researches the relationship among the solid solution treatment temperature, the heat preservation time and the solid solution effect, ensures that the selected heating temperature and the heat preservation time can obtain a single pure austenite structure, ensures the smaller grain size of the forging, and does not cause the austenite grain size to obviously grow.
And (3) performance testing: performance testing after the heat treatment step, the samples are taken from the heat-treated stainless steel forgings and processed to carry out physical and chemical detection and nondestructive detection, such as tensile test and impact test. Wherein, the tensile test comprises a room temperature tensile test and a high temperature tensile test.
And (3) detection: the nondestructive testing items are ultrasonic testing and liquid permeation testing, and the stainless steel forging subjected to heat treatment is subjected to nondestructive testing through an ultrasonic detector and a liquid permeation detector.
Examples
The stainless steel forging comprises the following chemical components: 0.019% of C, 0.43% of Si, 1.72% of Mn, 0.013% of P, 0.001% of S, 19.26% of Cr, 10.65% of Ni, 0.8% of Cu, 0.001% of B and the balance of Fe.
The stainless steel forging is manufactured by the manufacturing method of the invention: the raw material was refined into a stainless steel ingot containing the chemical components in this example using an AOD furnace. And (4) forming the stainless steel forged piece by using a hydraulic machine on the obtained stainless steel ingot. Forging and forming by 3 times of heating, wherein the forging ratio of 3 times of heating is 2, 1, and the heating temperature of 3 times of heating is 1200 ℃, 1180 ℃ and 1180 ℃. And removing 18% of a dead head end of the stainless steel ingot and 7% of a water gap end of the stainless steel ingot. Heating the forged stainless steel forging to 1100 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and rapidly circulating through a large water tank and an external reservoir for water cooling. And taking the stainless steel forging subjected to heat treatment, processing the stainless steel forging into a sample to be subjected to physicochemical test and nondestructive testing.
Comparative example 1
The stainless steel forging comprises the following chemical components: 0.018% of C, 0.62% of Si, 1.66% of Mn, 0.038% of P, 0.021% of S, 18.25% of Cr, 8.79% of Ni, 1.6% of Cu, 0.05% of B and the balance of Fe.
The chemical composition of the stainless steel forging in the comparative example 1 is different from that in the invention, and the stainless steel forging in the comparative example 1 is manufactured by the manufacturing method of the invention, and the specific manufacturing steps are the same as those in the comparative example. The stainless steel forging material in comparative example 1 was processed into a test piece to be subjected to a performance test and a nondestructive test.
Comparative example 2
The stainless steel forging comprises the following chemical components: 0.019% of C, 0.43% of Si, 1.72% of Mn, 0.013% of P, 0.001% of S, 19.26% of Cr, 10.65% of Ni, 0.8% of Cu, 0.001% of B and the balance of Fe.
The chemical composition of the stainless steel forging in the comparative example 2 is consistent with that in the example, and the stainless steel forging in the comparative example 2 is manufactured by a traditional manufacturing method. The stainless steel forging material of comparative example 2 was processed into a sample to be subjected to a physical and chemical test and a nondestructive test.
Stainless steel flanges of 100 examples, 100 comparative examples 1 and 100 comparative examples 2 were respectively manufactured. The same physical and chemical tests and nondestructive tests were carried out on the 300 stainless steel flanges, respectively. And carrying out a room temperature tensile test on the stainless steel forging according to GB/T228.1, and carrying out a high temperature (350 ℃) tensile test on the stainless steel forging according to GB/T4338. And carrying out an impact test on the stainless steel forging according to GB/T229.
And (3) carrying out an intercrystalline corrosion test on the stainless steel forging according to NB/T20004-2011, preserving the temperature of the sample for 30 minutes at 700 +/-10 ℃, slowly cooling the preserved sample in a furnace to 500 ℃ at the speed of 60 +/-5 ℃/h, discharging, and carrying out sensitization treatment after cooling to room temperature in the air.
Non-metallic inclusion of stainless steel forgings according to GB/T10561bAnd (6) detecting. Grain size of stainless steel forging according to GB/T6394bAnd (6) detecting. Ultrasonic inspection (UT) of stainless steel forgings by NB/T20003cAnd (6) detecting. And carrying out liquid Penetration (PT) detection on the stainless steel forging according to NB/T20003.4. The experimental operation method is carried out according to the national standard.
The results of the performance tests were averaged with the stainless steels in 100 examples, 100 comparative examples 1 and 100 comparative examples 2, respectively, as shown in table 1. The results of non-destructive testing are shown in Table 2 for the defects of the stainless steel flanges in 100 examples, 100 comparative examples 1 and 100 comparative examples 2, respectively, and the values in Table 2 are the average values measured.
Table 1 results of mechanical property test of stainless steel flanges in example, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2
| Test items | Standard value | Examples | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Room temperature Rp0.2(MPa) | ≥175 | 217 | 187 | 182 |
| Room temperature Rm (MPa) | ≥490 | 566 | 532 | 537 |
| At room temperature A% | ≥45 | 57.5 | 55.6 | 52.2 |
| High temperature Rp0.2(MPa) | ≥105 | 165 | 121 | 118 |
| High temperature Rm (MPa) | ≥350 | 422 | 341 | 335 |
Table 2 results of other tests of stainless steel forging in examples, comparative examples 1 and 2
Comparing example 1 of the present invention with comparative examples 1, 2, the following conclusions were made:
for comparative example 1, due to the adoption of the traditional chemical components, the comprehensive performance is reduced in the aspect of mechanical properties, which shows that the chemical component adjustment has a good effect on the improvement of the mechanical properties. Since other preparation methods than the chemical composition were not changed, the grain size, surface defects and internal defects of the product were not much different from those of the examples.
For comparative example 2, although the chemical components in the examples were used, the conventional process was used, and since the heat treatment heating temperature in the conventional process was high, the cooling effect was not good, and the austenite grains were significantly increased, it was demonstrated that the optimization of the heat treatment parameters resulted in a good effect on the improvement of mechanical properties. Because the forging of the traditional process is smaller, the forging and compacting effects of the forging are not good, and a plurality of defects with equivalent weight of more than 6mm are found during ultrasonic detection.
The detection data show that the embodiment has good effects on chemical component adjustment, heat treatment process optimization and special forging process, the forging produced by the manufacturing process has excellent performance, the performance index of the forging is far higher than that of a flange produced by the traditional process, the number and size of defects found in nondestructive detection are far better than those of the traditional process, and the embodiment process has better effect than the traditional process.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications made by the equivalent structures or equivalent processes in the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A manufacturing method of a 022Cr19Ni10 stainless steel flange for a nuclear power station is characterized in that the stainless steel flange contains the following chemical components: less than or equal to 0.019 percent of C, less than or equal to 1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 2 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, less than or equal to 19.5 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 11.5 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 1 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.001 percent of B, and the balance of iron;
the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
raw material refining: refining the raw materials into a stainless steel ingot containing the chemical components;
forging: forging the obtained stainless steel ingot into a stainless steel flange by using a hydraulic press or an air hammer, wherein the heating and heat preservation temperature is less than or equal to 1200 ℃; forging and carrying out 2-4 times of forming, wherein the total forging ratio is more than or equal to 5, and the forging ratio of the last time of forging is more than or equal to 20% of the total forging ratio;
and (3) heat treatment: heating the forged stainless steel forging to 1050-1120 ℃, preserving heat, then performing water cooling, and rapidly and circularly cooling through a large water pool and an external reservoir during water cooling; in the heat treatment step, the heat preservation time of the solution treatment is less than or equal to 4 hours;
and (3) detection: and performing physical and chemical detection and nondestructive detection on the stainless steel flange subjected to heat treatment.
2. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the forging step, 18% of the feeder end of the stainless steel ingot is removed, and 7% of the nozzle end of the stainless steel ingot is removed.
3. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the forging step, the remelting heating temperature of the forge piece is 10-20 ℃ lower than the primary heating temperature.
4. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the forging step, the remelting heating temperature of the forge piece is the same as the primary heating temperature.
5. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the heat treatment step, the mechanical property test is carried out on the stainless steel forging: and taking the stainless steel forging subjected to heat treatment, processing the stainless steel forging into a sample, and performing a tensile test and an impact test.
6. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the tensile test includes a room temperature tensile test and a high temperature tensile test.
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| CN111304553A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-06-19 | 无锡市法兰锻造有限公司 | F304L stainless steel flange for fast neutron reactor nuclear power station and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113953421B (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2024-02-23 | 浙江大隆特材有限公司 | 316LN forged round steel for nuclear power pipeline and preparation method thereof |
| CN114147156A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-08 | 江阴振宏重型锻造有限公司 | Manufacturing method of ultralow-temperature 304L forge piece |
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