CN110029290A - A kind of manufacturing method of ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft - Google Patents

A kind of manufacturing method of ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft Download PDF

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CN110029290A
CN110029290A CN201910103262.3A CN201910103262A CN110029290A CN 110029290 A CN110029290 A CN 110029290A CN 201910103262 A CN201910103262 A CN 201910103262A CN 110029290 A CN110029290 A CN 110029290A
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forging
impeller shaft
manufacturing
steel
high strength
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CN110029290B (en
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陈菊生
吴崇源
简忠贤
张健
陈坚
柳豪
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Shanghai Jianing New Material Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/068—Decarburising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of manufacturing methods of ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft, comprising the following steps: selects raw material and carries out purified treatment；Clean burner hearth and ladle；So that the raw material after purified treatment obtain the steel ingot of following mass percent: C≤0.08%, 9.0%≤Mn≤11.5%, Si≤1.0% according to regulation ratio, technique, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, 12.0%≤Cr≤14.0%, 9.0%≤Ni≤11.0%, 0.40%≤N≤0.50%, remaining is Fe；Regulated proportion refers to the proportion of each raw material, it is specified that technique refers to process conditions of the raw material successively through EF melting, VOD refining and ESR electroslag remelting；The steel ingot refined is carried out to suppress fast forging acquisition forging；Solution heat treatment is carried out to forging, then carries out cryogenic forging, it is cold work reinforced；Final processing obtains impeller shaft.The invention has the advantages that when smelting strict control harmful element content, the impeller shaft produced has high-intensitive, extremely low magnetic conductivity and stable austenite structure superior function under ultralow temperature.

Description

A kind of manufacturing method of ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft
Technical field
The present invention relates to impeller shaft manufacturing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft Manufacturing method.
Background technique
With the fast development of the industries such as low-temperature superconducting, electronic instrument, ocean engineering, the Service Environment of steel material is increasingly Complexity, some precision parts or special equipment may require material and be provided simultaneously with good nonmagnetic, corrosion resistance, inoxidizability And mechanical property, this then needs to design and research and develop special magnetism-free stainless steel new varieties, to meet different requirements.With In the equipment in fields and the deep cooling steel of device and ultralow temperature steel such as manufacture nuclear fusion engineering, ocean engineering, liquid nitrogen, liquid heliums, Ask temperature in -196 DEG C, -269 DEG C, and require high-intensitive (tensile strength Rm >=1300Mpa), high tenacity (fracture toughness >= 100Mpa m1/2), without magnetic, magnetic permeability μ≤1.005.Existing steel grade can not meet above-mentioned multiple performance index request simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
According to the deficiencies of the prior art described above, It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of ultralow temperature high-intensity non-magnetics not The manufacturing method for steel impeller shaft of becoming rusty, which is matched by the component of control steel ingot and forging method, and uses ladder Type heating heats steel ingot, it is made to have high-intensitive, low magnetic permeability and stable austenite structure under ultralow temperature.
The object of the invention realization is completed by following technical scheme:
A kind of manufacturing method of ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft, it is characterised in that the manufacturing method includes following Step:
Chromic carbide iron, nickel plate and manganese metal is selected as raw material and to carry out purified treatment；
Clean burner hearth and ladle；
So that the raw material after purified treatment obtain the steel of following mass percent according to regulation ratio and regulation technique Ingot: C≤0.08%, 9.0%≤Mn≤11.5%, Si≤1.0%, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, 12.0%≤Cr≤14.0%, 9.0% ≤ Ni≤11.0%, 0.40%≤N≤0.50%, remaining is Fe；The regulated proportion refers to the proportion of each raw material, institute It states regulation technique and refers to process conditions of the raw material successively through EF melting, VOD refining and ESR electroslag remelting；
The steel ingot refined is carried out to suppress fast forging acquisition forging；
Solution heat treatment is carried out to the forging, then carries out cryogenic forging, cold work reinforced, enhanced deformation amount is controlled in 12- 15%；
It is processed by design drawing predetermined size to obtain the impeller shaft.
Suppress the forging acquisition forging fastly to the steel ingot refined, detailed process is as follows:
Using steel ingot described in stepped heating segmentally heating；
Heating completion and the steel ingot internal temperature apply FM method to suppress fast forging, forging ratio >=3 after reaching surface temperature.
Using the detailed process of steel ingot described in stepped heating segmentally heating are as follows: charging temperature≤200 of the steel ingot DEG C, between 20 DEG C -560 DEG C, heating control per hour is at 80 DEG C, and between 560 DEG C -860 DEG C, heating control per hour exists 120 DEG C, between 860-1200 DEG C, heating control per hour is sufficiently protected after being heated to 1200 DEG C ± 10 DEG C at 150 degrees Celsius Temperature.
Suppress that the initial forging temperature forged fastly is 1200 ± 10 DEG C, final forging temperature is 850 ± 10 DEG C using FM method；The solid solution It heats up per hour in the heating process of heat treatment 80 ± 10 DEG C, solid solubility temperature is 1050 ± 10 DEG C；The cryogenic forging temperature It is 720-760 DEG C.
It is added the double deoxidizer of following component during EF arc melting: 7%≤Si≤11%, 16%≤Mn≤ 20%, 4.5%≤Al≤5.5%, 3.5%≤Ca≤4.5%, remaining is Fe；It is set to form steel with oxide, the sulfide in molten steel Slag skims three times before the heat of oxidation, reduction period and tapping, removes non-metallic inclusion, purifies molten steel, makes its oxide, vulcanization Object summation≤4 grade.
After EF melting, when molten steel enters VOD vacuum refining furnace and is refined, decarburization, degassing, make 0.05%≤C≤ 0.07%, Shi ﹝ H ﹞≤1.6ppm, ﹝ O ﹞≤20ppm.
Carrying out purified treatment to the raw material, detailed process is as follows: being cleaned with the dilute sulfuric acid of 5%-7%, then with clearly Water is cleaned, and is then dried.
The optimum organization of the steel ingot each component is as follows: 0.05%≤C≤0.07%, 10.0%≤Mn≤11.0%, 0.40%≤ Si≤0.69%, S≤0.015%, P≤0.015%, 13.0%≤Cr≤13.5%, 9.5%≤Ni≤10.5%, 0.42%≤N≤ 0.48%, remaining is Fe.
The invention has the advantages that design is scientific and reasonable for each component, the content of strict control harmful element, makes nocuousness when smelting Elements Pb+Sn+Sb+As+Bi≤0.05%, the impeller shaft produced have under ultralow temperature high-intensitive, extremely low magnetic conductivity and The superior function of stable austenite structure.
Specific embodiment
Feature of the invention and other correlated characteristics are described in further detail by the following examples, in order to go together The understanding of industry technical staff:
Embodiment: the present embodiment is specifically related to a kind of manufacturing method of ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft, the manufacture Method is by the content of rational design this steel grade each component, and when smelting, the content of strict control harmful element is to improve molten steel Degree of purity, and being heated using stepped heating to steel ingot makes it have high-intensitive, low magnetic permeability and steady under ultralow temperature Fixed austenite structure.
The manufacturing method of ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft provided in this embodiment a kind of the following steps are included:
(1) high-quality raw material: chromic carbide iron, nickel plate and manganese metal is selected, wherein nickel plate selects 0# nickel plate；Then with 5%-7%'s Dilute sulfuric acid cleans above-mentioned raw material, removes iron rust, silt and the grease stain etc. that may contain in raw material, then washed with clear water Fall the sour juice stayed on raw material, is then dried.
(2) due to usually remaining a small amount of molten steel on hearth wall and steel ladle, various elements are contained in these molten steel, such as Pb, Sn, Sb, Co etc., if the raw material of directly this steel of melting, these harmful elements will be brought into this steel grade, pollute, therefore It needs first to clean burner hearth and ladle before melting this steel grade raw material, specific cleaning process are as follows: first melting 2-3 furnace and this steel grade chemistry The harmful element being attached in the remaining molten steel on burner hearth and steel ladle is removed using it and is done by the same or similar steel grade of ingredient Only.
(3) raw material Jing Guo purified treatment are matched to scale, and mode are smelted using EF+VOD+ESR, Electric arc furnaces+vacuum refining furnace+electroslag remelting, makes it homogenize, detailed process is as follows: being added certainly during EF arc melting Double deoxidizer Fe- Si-Mn-Al-Ca processed, each component are as follows: 7%≤Si≤11%, 16%≤Mn≤20%, 4.5%≤Al≤ 5.5%, 3.5%≤Ca≤4.5%, remaining is Fe, so that it through chemical combination is formed steel slag with oxide, the sulfide in molten steel, floats On molten steel surface, skims three times before the heat of oxidation, reduction period and tapping, remove non-metallic inclusion, purify molten steel, make its oxygen Compound, sulfide summation≤4 grade, the content of strict control P make it below 0.015%, while controlling harmful elements Pb+Sn+Sb+ As+Bi≤0.05%；By the molten steel after EF melting pour into VOD vacuum refining furnace refining, decarburization, degassing, make 0.05%≤C≤ 0.07%, ﹝ H ﹞≤1.6ppm, ﹝ O ﹞≤20ppm；Again through ESR electroslag remelting, 2 refinings make steel ingot reach homogeneous；
The each component mass percent of the steel ingot of acquisition is as follows: C≤0.08%, 9.0%≤Mn≤11.5%, Si≤1.0%, S≤ 0.03%, P≤0.03%, 12.0%≤Cr≤14.0%, 9.0%≤Ni≤11.0%, 0.40%≤N≤0.50%, remaining is Fe；Into one Step optimizes combination, intensified element C, Mn, N capping to each chemical element, and plasticity toughness elements Si, Cr, Ni take the middle upper limit, Part Ni is replaced with Mn, expands austenite phase, since P will lead to black brittleness in deep cooling steel, therefore needs strict control P's when smelting Content makes it below 0.015%, while controlling harmful elements Pb+Sn+Sb+As+Bi≤0.05%, and each component is as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1:
(4) heated to steel ingot using stepped heating, detailed process is as follows: furnace temperature when steel ingot is into heating furnace should not be too Height, best room temperature are begun to warm up, and generally into furnace temperature≤200 DEG C, are then heated using stepped heating, i.e., 20 Between DEG C -560 DEG C (error is at ± 10 DEG C), heating control per hour is at 80 DEG C, and (error is ± 10 between 560 DEG C -860 DEG C DEG C), heating control per hour is at 120 DEG C, and between 860-1200 DEG C (error is at ± 10 DEG C), heating control per hour is 150 Degree Celsius, needed wherein every 2 inch thickness is 1 hour, when heating padded below steel ingot, steel ingot will be overturn in heating process, Make its upper and lower homogeneous heating, sufficiently kept the temperature after being heated to 1200 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, specific soaking time is according to the size of steel ingot It determines.
(5) it can carry out suppressing fast forging when steel ingot central temperature and surface temperature are almost the same, suppress fast forging using FM method Initial forging temperature be 1200 ± 10 DEG C, final forging temperature is 850 ± 10 DEG C, using big press, forging ratio >=3；It is air-cooled after forging, but not Preferably put together with carbon steel.
(6) blank of forging determines flawless and the laggard stove heating of defect through roughing and through ultrasonic examination, per hour 80 ± 10 DEG C of heating, solid solubility temperature are 1050 ± 10 DEG C, keep the temperature 1-2 hours, using sufficiently large pond, are quickly cooled down, solid solution When workpiece will up and down, swing, cooling is accelerated using recirculated water or air blower air blast.
(7) cold work reinforced in 720-760 DEG C (error is at ± 10 DEG C) progress cryogenic forging, the control of enhanced deformation amount exists Between 12%-15%, finally processed by size as defined in machining drawing, it is final to obtain ultralow temperature high-intensity non-magnetic rustproof Steel impeller shaft.
(8) performance detection is tested for the property the ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft of acquisition, test result It is as shown in table 2 below:
Table 2:
From table 2 it can be seen that the tensile strength for the ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft that the present embodiment manufactures, bend It takes intensity, elongation percentage, fracture toughness and Young's modulus and is all satisfied index request.
In order to further verify influence of the proportion relation between each chemical element component to finished product properties, this implementation Example provides following seven groups of samples, and the chemical constituent of each sample is as shown in table 3:
Table 3:
Performance detection is continued to above-mentioned seven groups of samples, properties testing result is as shown in table 4 below:
Table 4:
It can be seen from upper table 4 when the low lower limit of compositional range in this present embodiment of the proportion of each chemical element, the tension of sample The performances such as intensity, yield strength are not up to standard, when in the proportion of each chemical element in the present embodiment compositional range, sample Performance is up to standard, while when the proportion of each chemical element is within the scope of proportion optimizing, the performance of sample is with each chemical element The increase of proportion gradually become excellent and then and be gradually reduced, but when the proportion height of each chemical element compositional range in this present embodiment When the upper limit, the performance of sample is not again up to standard.
The beneficial effect of the present embodiment is: (1) design is scientific and reasonable for each component, and strict control harmful element contains when smelting Amount, makes harmful elements Pb+Sn+Sb+As+Bi≤0.05%；(2) impeller shaft produced has high-intensitive, pole under ultralow temperature The superior function of low magnetic conductivity and stable austenite structure.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of manufacturing method of ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft, it is characterised in that the manufacturing method include with Lower step:
Chromic carbide iron, nickel plate and manganese metal is selected as raw material and to carry out purified treatment；
Clean burner hearth and ladle；
So that the raw material after purified treatment obtain the steel of following mass percent according to regulation ratio and regulation technique Ingot: C≤0.08%, 9.0%≤Mn≤11.5%, Si≤1.0%, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, 12.0%≤Cr≤14.0%, 9.0% ≤ Ni≤11.0%, 0.40%≤N≤0.50%, remaining is Fe；The regulated proportion refers to the proportion of each raw material, institute It states regulation technique and refers to process conditions of the raw material successively through EF melting, VOD refining and ESR electroslag remelting；
The steel ingot refined is carried out to suppress fast forging acquisition forging；
Solution heat treatment is carried out to the forging, then carries out cryogenic forging, cold work reinforced, enhanced deformation amount is controlled in 12- 15%；
It is processed by design drawing predetermined size to obtain the impeller shaft.
2. a kind of manufacturing method of ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft according to claim 1, feature exist In suppress the forging acquisition forging fastly to the steel ingot refined, detailed process is as follows:
Using steel ingot described in stepped heating segmentally heating；
Heating completion and the steel ingot internal temperature apply FM method to suppress fast forging, forging ratio >=3 after reaching surface temperature.
3. a kind of manufacturing method of ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft according to claim 2, feature exist In the detailed process using steel ingot described in stepped heating segmentally heating are as follows: charging temperature≤200 DEG C of the steel ingot, 20 Between DEG C -560 DEG C, heating control per hour is at 80 DEG C, between 560 DEG C -860 DEG C, heating control per hour at 120 DEG C, Between 860-1200 DEG C, heating control per hour is sufficiently kept the temperature after being heated to 1200 DEG C ± 10 DEG C at 150 degrees Celsius.
4. a kind of manufacturing method of ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft according to claim 2, feature exist In suppressing using FM method, the initial forging temperature forged fastly is 1200 ± 10 DEG C, final forging temperature is 850 ± 10 DEG C；The solution heat treatment Heating process in heat up per hour 80 ± 10 DEG C, solid solubility temperature be 1050 ± 10 DEG C；The cryogenic forging temperature is 720- 760℃。
5. a kind of manufacturing method of ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft according to claim 1, feature exist In the double deoxidizer that following component is added during EF arc melting: 7%≤Si≤11%, 16%≤Mn≤20%, 4.5% ≤ Al≤5.5%, 3.5%≤Ca≤4.5%, remaining is Fe；So that it is formed steel slag with oxide, the sulfide in molten steel, is aoxidizing It skims three times before phase, reduction period and tapping, removes non-metallic inclusion, purify molten steel, make its oxide, sulfide summation≤4 Grade.
6. a kind of manufacturing method of ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft according to claim 1, feature exist After by EF melting, when molten steel enters VOD vacuum refining furnace and refined, decarburization, degassing make the, Shi of 0.05%≤C≤0.07% ﹝ H ﹞≤1.6ppm, ﹝ O ﹞≤20ppm.
7. a kind of manufacturing method of ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft according to claim 1, feature exist In carrying out purified treatment to the raw material, detailed process is as follows: being cleaned with the dilute sulfuric acid of 5%-7%, then is carried out with clear water Cleaning, is then dried.
8. a kind of manufacturing method of ultralow temperature HIGH STRENGTH NON-MAGNETIC STAINLESS STEEL impeller shaft according to claim 1, feature exist It is as follows in the optimum organization of the steel ingot each component: 0.05%≤C≤0.07%, 10.0%≤Mn≤11.0%, 0.40%≤Si≤ 0.69%, S≤0.015%, P≤0.015%, 13.0%≤Cr≤13.5%, 9.5%≤Ni≤10.5%, 0.42%≤N≤0.48%, Remaining is Fe.
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Cited By (4)

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CN111014544A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-04-17 张家港市亨通环形锻件制造有限公司 Forging process of duplex stainless steel 2205
CN111705259A (en) * 2020-04-30 2020-09-25 上海加宁新材料科技有限公司 925A rare earth high-strength alloy steel manufacturing method
CN113444866A (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-09-28 成都日进冶金锻造有限公司 Production process of ultralow temperature material and valve
CN114147156A (en) * 2021-12-01 2022-03-08 江阴振宏重型锻造有限公司 Manufacturing method of ultralow-temperature 304L forge piece

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