CN114130937B - Forging method of austenitic stainless steel bar - Google Patents
Forging method of austenitic stainless steel bar Download PDFInfo
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- CN114130937B CN114130937B CN202111422790.9A CN202111422790A CN114130937B CN 114130937 B CN114130937 B CN 114130937B CN 202111422790 A CN202111422790 A CN 202111422790A CN 114130937 B CN114130937 B CN 114130937B
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a forging method of an austenitic stainless steel bar, which comprises the following steps: heating the electroslag steel ingot and forging to obtain a radial forging blank; heating the radial forging stock and forging the radial forging stock into a bar material to obtain the bar material; the bar is cooled. The application effectively solves the organization problems of coarse grains and uneven grain size and the ultrasonic flaw detection failure problems by controlling the reserved deformation amount, the radial forging rhythm, the blank heat preservation time, the deformation amount of each pass of the radial forging and the cooling mode after forging of the rapid forging machine.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of forging, and particularly relates to a forging method of an austenitic stainless steel bar, in particular to a forging method of an 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel bar, which is used for forging high-quality forging materials with fine grains and uniform tissues.
Background
The 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel is a series brand named as 18% Cr-8% Ni of high alloy composition, 0-1Cr18Ni9 and 0-1Cr18Ni9Ti series are commonly used, and series steel types such as 0Cr18Ni11Nb, 00Cr18Ni10N, 2Cr18Ni8W2, 1Cr18Mn8Ni5N and the like of evolution of elements such as W, mn, nb, N are added on the basis of the series brand. The series austenitic stainless steel has excellent cold and hot processing and forming performance, corrosion resistance and weldability, so that the series austenitic stainless steel is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, medical treatment, chemical industry and the like.
Coarse grains and uneven sizes are common structural defects of 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel, and the grain size has a larger influence on ultrasonic flaw detection quality. Generally, when the grain size is large, the bottom wave attenuation and even disappearance can occur in ultrasonic flaw detection; when the grain size is not uniform, clutter reflection occurs during ultrasonic flaw detection.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the application aims to provide a forging method of austenitic stainless steel bar, and the product obtained by forging by the method provided by the application avoids the problems of coarse grains, uneven grain size and unqualified ultrasonic flaw detection.
The application provides a forging method of an austenitic stainless steel bar, which comprises the following steps:
heating the electroslag steel ingot for one time and forging for one time to obtain a radial forging stock;
carrying out secondary heating on the radial forging stock, and then carrying out secondary forging to obtain a bar;
the bar is cooled.
Preferably, the temperature of the primary heating is 1150-1200 ℃; the heat preservation time is 2-5 hours.
Preferably, the height after upsetting in the one-time forging process is 0.4 to 0.6H 0 ，H 0 Is the initial height of the electroslag steel ingot.
Preferably, the temperature of the secondary heating is 1120-1180 ℃; the heat preservation time is 1.5-4 hours.
Preferably, the cooling method is air cooling.
Preferably, the secondary forging includes three forgings.
Preferably, the deformation of the first forging in the three forging processes is 8-15%.
Preferably, the deformation of the second-pass forging in the three-pass forging process is 20-40%.
Preferably, the deformation amount of the third forging in the three forging processes is 2-5%.
Preferably, the discharging in the secondary forging process is controlled to be 3-5 pieces/hour.
The high-quality 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel for aviation has extremely high requirements on microstructure and ultrasonic flaw detection quality; the existing 45/50MN quick forging machine and 18MN radial forging machine belong to advanced equipment, and have the advantage of equipment for producing the series of steel grades; the application adopts the technological route of 45/50MN quick forging machine cogging and 18MN diameter forging machine forming, and can effectively solve the tissue problems of coarse grains and uneven grain size by controlling the reserved deformation of the 45/50MN quick forging machine, the production rhythm of the 18MN diameter forging machine, the blank heat preservation time, the deformation of each pass of diameter forging and the like, thereby producing the high-quality 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel forging with microscopic structures and ultrasonic flaw detection meeting the requirements of users. With the further development of aviation industry in China, the demand of 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel for high-quality aviation is gradually increased, and the application has very wide popularization and application prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the metallographic structure of a product prepared in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the metallographic structure of the product prepared in example 2 of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the metallographic structure of the product prepared in example 3 of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The application provides a forging method of an austenitic stainless steel bar, which comprises the following steps:
heating the electroslag steel ingot for one time and forging for one time to obtain a radial forging stock;
carrying out secondary heating on the radial forging stock, and then carrying out secondary forging to obtain a bar;
the bar is cooled.
In the present application, the diameter of the electroslag ingot is preferably 540 to 560mm, more preferably 545 to 555mm, and most preferably 550mm.
The components of the electroslag steel ingot are not particularly limited, and the 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel with the components meeting GJB2294-95 standard, GJB2294A-2014 standard or other standards can be adopted.
In the present application, the method for producing an electroslag steel ingot preferably includes:
and smelting the alloy raw materials, and then carrying out electroslag remelting to obtain an electroslag steel ingot.
In the present application, the smelting method preferably includes: non-vacuum induction furnace smelting or EF+VOD smelting.
The method for smelting and electroslag remelting is not particularly limited, and the electroslag steel ingot can be prepared by adopting a smelting and electroslag remelting method which is well known in the art.
In the present application, the primary heating is preferably performed in a chamber-type heating furnace.
In the present application, the temperature of the primary heating is preferably 1150 to 1200 ℃, more preferably 1160 to 1190 ℃, and most preferably 1170 to 1180 ℃; the holding time in the primary heating process is preferably 2 to 5 hours, more preferably 3 to 4 hours.
In the present application, the holding time is preferably the time at which the tapping is started immediately after the holding is completed, and if a delay is required due to equipment failure and production, the maximum delay time is preferably not more than 1.5 hours.
In the application, by controlling the heat preservation time, the excessive growth of grains caused by long-time heat preservation of the steel ingot or blank in a high-temperature section can be avoided, so that the quality of the grains of the radial forging blank is ensured to be qualified.
In the present application, the primary forging is preferably performed in a rapid forging machine; the rapid forging machine is preferably a 45/50MN rapid forging machine.
In the present application, the primary forging preferably includes:
and forging and drawing.
In the application, the upsetting refers to upsetting treatment; the height after upsetting is preferably 0.4 to 0.6H 0 More preferably 0.5H 0 ，H 0 Refers to the initial height of the electroslag ingot.
In the application, the first drawing refers to drawing; the drawing is preferably drawing an octagonal radial forging blank; the octagonal radial forging Pi Piliao preferably has a dimension which is reserved for 30 to 60% of deformation, more preferably 40 to 50%, and most preferably 45% of deformation, depending on the dimension of the profile.
In the application, the reserved deformation amount of the rapid forging is controlled to ensure that the radial forging machine can realize one-firing forming and can refine grains with enough deformation amount.
In the present application, the secondary heating is preferably performed in a chamber-type heating furnace.
In the present application, the temperature of the secondary heating is preferably 1120 to 1180 ℃, more preferably 1130 to 1170 ℃, more preferably 1140 to 1160 ℃, and most preferably 1150 ℃; the holding time in the secondary heating process is preferably 1.5 to 4 hours, more preferably 2 to 3.5 hours, and most preferably 2.5 to 3 hours.
In the present application, the holding time is preferably the time at which the tapping is started immediately after the holding is completed, and if a delay is required due to equipment failure and production, the maximum delay time is preferably not more than 1.5 hours.
In the application, the secondary forging is preferably performed by a radial forging machine; the radial forging machine is preferably an 18MN radial forging machine.
In the application, the deformation of each forging pass is preferably reasonably distributed in the secondary forging process, and the blank is forged according to a certain section.
In the present application, the secondary forging preferably includes: three times of forging.
In the present application, the deformation amount of the first forging of the three forging is preferably 8 to 15%, more preferably 9 to 14%, still more preferably 10 to 13%, and most preferably 11 to 12%.
In the present application, the deformation ratio of the second-pass forging of the three-pass forging is preferably 20 to 40%, more preferably 25 to 35%, and most preferably 30%.
In the present application, the deformation ratio of the third forging of the three forging is preferably 2 to 5%, more preferably 3 to 4%.
In the application, the deformation of each pass of the radial forging is controlled, so that the temperature change, the deformation and the surface quality can be considered, and the formed bar is ensured to have uniform and fine structure and good surface quality.
In the application, the rhythm refers to uniform discharging production of a radial forging machine in the secondary forging process, and the discharging amount is preferably 3-5 counts/hour, more preferably 4 counts/hour; and (3) discharging the material to produce the next material after discharging, and strictly prohibiting blank discharging in advance and waiting on a roller way.
In the application, by controlling the production rhythm of radial forging, the serious temperature drop on the surface of the blank and large temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the blank caused by long-time waiting can be avoided, so as to eliminate uneven deformation and uneven grain size caused by uneven temperature.
In the present application, the cooling method is preferably air cooling, and more preferably, the bar is placed in a pebble bed for spreading and air cooling.
According to the application, a combined forging method of a 45/50MN quick forging machine and a 18MN radial forging machine is adopted, and through matching with proper forging temperature and radial forging deformation, 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel bars with uniform and fine crystal grains and good surface quality are produced by forging, and the ultrasonic nondestructive inspection meets the GB/T416-2008A level.
Example 1
Forging austenitic stainless steel bars according to the following method:
heating an electric slag steel ingot with the diameter of phi 550 mm: heating electroslag ingots with the components of 0Cr18Ni9 and phi 550mm by adopting a chamber type heating furnace at 1160 ℃ for 3 hours, and immediately entering a 45/50MN quick forging machine to start production;
forging the radial forging stock by a rapid forging machine: upsetting by adopting a 45/50MN quick forging machine until H is approximately equal to 900mm, and then drawing to 280mm octagonal diameter forging blank;
heating the radial forging stock: heating the radial forging stock by adopting a chamber type heating furnace, wherein the heating temperature is 1150 ℃, and the radial forging stock immediately enters a radial forging machine to start production after the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
forging the finished product material by a radial forging machine: adopting an 18MN radial forging machine to forge the material into a finished product material with phi 213mm, and controlling the deformation rate to ensure that the deformation sequence is as follows:
280mm octagonal- & gt phi 260 mm- & gt phi 216 mm- & gt phi 213mm;
cooling after forging: and (5) after diameter forging the material, placing the material in a pebble field for spreading and air cooling.
A high-power photograph of a bar structure prepared in the embodiment 1 of the application is shown in figure 1, the grain size rating (GB/T6394-2002 metal average grain size determination method) is 6.5 grade, and the bar GB/4162-2008 grade A flaw detection is qualified.
Example 2
Forging austenitic stainless steel bars according to the following method:
heating an electric slag steel ingot with the diameter of phi 550 mm: heating electroslag ingots of which the components are 1Cr18Ni9Ti and phi 550mm by adopting a chamber type heating furnace, wherein the heating temperature is 1180 ℃, and immediately entering a 45/50MN quick forging machine after the heat preservation time is 2 hours to start production;
forging the radial forging stock by a rapid forging machine: upsetting by adopting a 45/50MN quick forging machine until H is approximately equal to 1000mm, and then drawing to 270mm octagonal diameter forging blank;
heating the radial forging stock: heating the radial forging stock by adopting a chamber type heating furnace, wherein the heating temperature is 1160 ℃, and the radial forging stock immediately enters a radial forging machine to start production after the heat preservation time is 1.5 hours;
forging the finished product material by a radial forging machine: adopting an 18MN radial forging machine to forge the material into a finished product material with phi 197mm, and controlling the deformation rate to ensure that the deformation sequence is as follows:
270mm octagonal- & gt phi 257 mm- & gt phi 200 mm- & gt phi 197mm;
cooling after forging: and (5) after diameter forging the material, placing the material in a pebble field for spreading and air cooling.
A high-power photograph of the bar structure prepared in the embodiment 2 of the application is shown in figure 2, the grain size rating (GB/T6394-2002 metal average grain size determination method) is 7.5, and the bar GB/4162-2008A grade flaw detection is qualified.
Example 3
Forging austenitic stainless steel bars according to the following method:
heating an electric slag steel ingot with the diameter of phi 550 mm: heating electroslag ingots with the compositions of 00Cr18Ni10N and phi 550mm by adopting a chamber type heating furnace, wherein the heating temperature is 1190 ℃, and immediately entering a 45/50MN quick forging machine after the heat preservation time is 4 hours to start production;
forging the radial forging stock by a rapid forging machine: upsetting to H (approximately 1200 mm) by using a 45/50MN rapid forging machine, and drawing to 350mm octagonal diameter forging blank.
Heating the radial forging stock: heating the radial forging stock by adopting a chamber type heating furnace, wherein the heating temperature is 1140 ℃, and the radial forging stock immediately enters a radial forging machine to start production after the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours;
forging the finished product material by a radial forging machine: adopting an 18MN radial forging machine to forge the material into a finished product material with phi 252mm, and controlling the deformation rate to ensure that the deformation sequence is as follows:
350mm octagonal- & gt phi 330 mm- & gt phi 255 mm- & gt phi 252mm;
cooling after forging: and (5) after diameter forging the material, placing the material in a pebble field for spreading and air cooling.
A high-power photograph of the bar structure prepared in the embodiment 3 of the application is shown in figure 3, the grain size rating (GB/T6394-2002 metal average grain size determination method) is 7, and the bar GB/4162-2008A grade is qualified in flaw detection.
Performance detection
Preparing a sample on the bar prepared in the example, and performing stretching and impact experiments after heat treatment; sample preparation is carried out according to GB/T2975-1998 Standard of Steel and Steel product mechanical property test sampling position and sample preparation; the tensile test is detected according to the standard of GB/T228-2010 Metal Material tensile test; the impact test is detected according to the standard of GB/T229-2020 Charpy pendulum impact test method for Metal materials; the detection results are as follows:
according to the application, a combined forging method of a 45/50MN quick forging machine and a 18MN radial forging machine is adopted, and through matching with proper forging temperature and radial forging deformation, 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel bars with uniform and fine crystal grains and good surface quality are produced by forging, and the ultrasonic nondestructive inspection meets the GB/T416-2008A level.
While the application has been described and illustrated with reference to specific embodiments thereof, the description and illustration is not intended to limit the application. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made in this particular situation, material, composition of matter, substance, method or process without departing from the true spirit and scope of the application as defined by the following claims, so as to adapt the objective, spirit and scope of the application. All such modifications are intended to be within the scope of this appended claims. Although the methods disclosed herein have been described with reference to particular operations being performed in a particular order, it should be understood that these operations may be combined, sub-divided, or reordered to form an equivalent method without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. Thus, unless specifically indicated herein, the order and grouping of operations is not a limitation of the present application.
Claims (1)
1. A method of forging an austenitic stainless steel bar comprising:
heating the electroslag steel ingot for one time and forging for one time to obtain a radial forging stock;
heating the radial forging stock for the second time, and then forging the radial forging stock for the second time by adopting a radial forging machine to obtain a bar;
cooling the bar;
the primary forging includes:
forging and drawing;
the upsetting refers to upsetting treatment; the height after upsetting is 0.4-0.6H 0 ，H 0 Refers to the initial height of the electroslag ingot;
the first drawing refers to drawing; the drawing is to draw an octagonal radial forging blank; the size of the octagonal radial forging stock is reserved with 30-60% of deformation according to the size of the section bar;
the secondary forging comprises three times of forging;
the deformation of the first forging in the three forging processes is 8-15%;
the deformation of the second-pass forging in the three-pass forging process is 20-40%;
the deformation of the third forging in the three forging processes is 2-5%;
the temperature of the primary heating is 1150-1200 ℃; the heat preservation time is 2-5 hours;
the temperature of the secondary heating is 1120-1180 ℃; the heat preservation time is 1.5-4 hours;
the cooling method is air cooling;
and the discharging in the secondary forging process is controlled to be 3-5 pieces/hour.
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| CN202111422790.9A CN114130937B (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 | Forging method of austenitic stainless steel bar |
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| CN202111422790.9A CN114130937B (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 | Forging method of austenitic stainless steel bar |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102899580A (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Large cross section austenite stainless steel thick plate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103350173A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-10-16 | 钢铁研究总院 | Production method of integral special-shaped heavy forging made of austenitic stainless steel |
| CN105088094A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-11-25 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | Manufacturing method of nitrogen-controlled austenitic stainless steel large forging piece |
| CN110935827A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-31 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Forging method of large-specification fine-grain austenitic gas valve steel SNCrW |
-
2021
- 2021-11-26 CN CN202111422790.9A patent/CN114130937B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102899580A (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Large cross section austenite stainless steel thick plate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103350173A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-10-16 | 钢铁研究总院 | Production method of integral special-shaped heavy forging made of austenitic stainless steel |
| CN105088094A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-11-25 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | Manufacturing method of nitrogen-controlled austenitic stainless steel large forging piece |
| CN110935827A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-31 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Forging method of large-specification fine-grain austenitic gas valve steel SNCrW |
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Effective date of registration: 20231213 Address after: 621700 Jiangdong Road, Jiangyou City, Mianyang, Sichuan Patentee after: PANGANG GROUP JIANGYOU CHANGCHENG SPECIAL STEEL Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Chengdu advanced metal material industry technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Address before: 621700 Jiangdong Road, Jiangyou City, Mianyang, Sichuan Patentee before: PANGANG GROUP JIANGYOU CHANGCHENG SPECIAL STEEL Co.,Ltd. |