CN114130937A - Forging method of austenitic stainless steel bar - Google Patents
Forging method of austenitic stainless steel bar Download PDFInfo
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- CN114130937A CN114130937A CN202111422790.9A CN202111422790A CN114130937A CN 114130937 A CN114130937 A CN 114130937A CN 202111422790 A CN202111422790 A CN 202111422790A CN 114130937 A CN114130937 A CN 114130937A
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
Abstract
The invention provides a forging method of an austenitic stainless steel bar, which comprises the following steps: heating the electroslag steel ingot and then forging to obtain a radial forging blank; heating the radial forging blank and forging the radial forging blank into a material to obtain a bar material; cooling the rod. According to the invention, the problems of coarse grains, uneven grain size and unqualified ultrasonic flaw detection are effectively solved by controlling the reserved deformation amount, radial forging rhythm, blank heat preservation time, deformation amount of each pass of radial forging and cooling mode after forging of the rapid forging machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forging, and particularly relates to a forging method of an austenitic stainless steel bar, in particular to a forging method of an 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel bar, which is used for forging a high-quality forged material with fine grains and uniform tissue.
Background
The 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel is a series brand named as 18% Cr-8% Ni in high alloy composition, 0-1Cr18Ni9 and 0-1Cr18Ni9Ti series are commonly used, and series steel grades such as 0Cr18Ni11Nb, 00Cr18Ni10N, 2Cr18Ni8W2 and 1Cr18Mn8Ni5N in evolution of elements such as W, Mn, Nb and N are added on the series steel grades. The series of austenitic stainless steel has excellent cold and hot processing and forming performance, corrosion resistance and weldability, so the series of austenitic stainless steel is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, medical treatment, chemical industry and the like.
The large and uneven size of crystal grains is a common structural defect of 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel, and the grain size has great influence on the ultrasonic flaw detection quality. Generally, when the grain size is large, the bottom wave is attenuated or even disappears during ultrasonic flaw detection; when the grain size is not uniform, clutter reflection occurs at the time of ultrasonic inspection.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a forging method for austenitic stainless steel bars, and the product obtained by forging by the method provided by the present invention avoids the problems of coarse grains, uneven grain size and unqualified ultrasonic flaw detection.
The invention provides a forging method of an austenitic stainless steel bar, which comprises the following steps:
heating the electroslag steel ingot for one time and then forging for one time to obtain a radial forging blank;
carrying out secondary heating on the radial forging blank, and then carrying out secondary forging to obtain a bar material;
cooling the rod.
Preferably, the temperature of the primary heating is 1150-1200 ℃; the heat preservation time is 2-5 hours.
Preferably, the height after upsetting in the primary forging process is 0.4-0.6H0，H0Is the initial height of the electroslag steel ingot.
Preferably, the temperature of the secondary heating is 1120-1180 ℃; the heat preservation time is 1.5-4 hours.
Preferably, the cooling method is air cooling.
Preferably, the secondary forging comprises three forging.
Preferably, the deformation of the first forging in the three-forging process is 8-15%.
Preferably, the deformation of the second-pass forging in the three-pass forging process is 20-40%.
Preferably, the deformation amount of the third forging in the three-forging process is 2-5%.
Preferably, the discharging is controlled to be 3-5 counts/hour in the secondary forging process.
The high-quality 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel for aviation has extremely high requirements on the quality of microstructure and ultrasonic flaw detection; the existing 45/50MN fast forging machine and 18MN radial forging machine belong to advanced equipment and have the equipment advantages of producing the series of steel grades; the invention adopts a process route of 45/50MN rapid forging machine cogging and 18MN radial forging machine material forming, and can effectively solve the problems of large and uneven grain size tissues by controlling reserved deformation of 45/50MN rapid forging machine, production rhythm of 18MN radial forging machine, blank heat preservation time, deformation of radial forging each pass and the like, and produce high-quality 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel forged materials with microstructure and ultrasonic flaw detection which meet the requirements of users. With the further development of the aviation industry in China, the demand of the high-quality 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel for aviation is gradually increased, and the popularization and application prospects of the invention are very wide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure picture of a product prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure picture of a product prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure picture of a product prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a forging method of an austenitic stainless steel bar, which comprises the following steps:
heating the electroslag steel ingot for one time and then forging for one time to obtain a radial forging blank;
carrying out secondary heating on the radial forging blank, and then carrying out secondary forging to obtain a bar material;
cooling the rod.
In the invention, the diameter of the electroslag steel ingot is preferably 540-560 mm, more preferably 545-555 mm, and most preferably 550 mm.
The electroslag steel ingot is not specially limited in components, and the 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel with the components meeting GJB2294-95 standard, GJB2294A-2014 standard or other standards is adopted.
In the present invention, the method for producing an electroslag steel ingot preferably includes:
and smelting the alloy raw materials, and then carrying out electroslag remelting to obtain an electroslag steel ingot.
In the present invention, the method of smelting preferably comprises: smelting in a non-vacuum induction furnace or EF + VOD smelting.
The method for smelting and electroslag remelting is not particularly limited, and the method for smelting and electroslag remelting well known in the art is adopted to prepare the electroslag steel ingot.
In the present invention, the primary heating is preferably performed in a chamber-type heating furnace.
In the invention, the temperature of the primary heating is preferably 1150-1200 ℃, more preferably 1160-1190 ℃, and most preferably 1170-1180 ℃; the heat preservation time in the primary heating process is preferably 2-5 hours, and more preferably 3-4 hours.
In the present invention, the holding time is preferably held to a point immediately before the start of tapping for production, and if a delay is required due to equipment failure and production, the maximum delay time is preferably not more than 1.5 hours.
In the invention, by controlling the heat preservation time, the excessive growth of crystal grains caused by the long-time heat preservation of the steel ingot or the blank in a high-temperature section can be avoided, so that the qualified quality of the crystal grains of the radial forging blank is ensured.
In the present invention, the one-time forging is preferably performed in a rapid forging machine; the quick forging machine is preferably an 45/50MN quick forging machine.
In the present invention, the one-time forging preferably includes:
one-heading one-drawing forging.
In the invention, the first upsetting refers to upsetting; the height after upsetting is preferably 0.4-0.6H0More preferably 0.5H0，H0Refers to the initial height of the electroslag steel ingot.
In the invention, the first drawing refers to drawing; the drawing length is preferably octagonal radial forging blank; the size of the octagonal radial forging blank is preferably reserved with 30-60% of deformation according to the size of the section, more preferably 40-50%, and most preferably 45%.
In the invention, the deformation amount reserved by the rapid forging is controlled to ensure that the radial forging machine can realize one-time material forming and has enough deformation amount to refine grains.
In the present invention, the secondary heating is preferably performed in a chamber-type heating furnace.
In the invention, the secondary heating temperature is preferably 1120-1180 ℃, more preferably 1130-1170 ℃, more preferably 1140-1160 ℃, and most preferably 1150 ℃; the heat preservation time in the secondary heating process is preferably 1.5-4 hours, more preferably 2-3.5 hours, and most preferably 2.5-3 hours.
In the present invention, the holding time is preferably held to a point immediately before the start of tapping for production, and if a delay is required due to equipment failure and production, the maximum delay time is preferably not more than 1.5 hours.
In the invention, the secondary forging is preferably performed by adopting a radial forging machine; the radial forging machine is preferably an 18MN radial forging machine.
In the invention, the deformation of each forging pass is preferably reasonably distributed in the secondary forging process, and the blank is forged according to a certain segment.
In the present invention, the secondary forging preferably includes: and (5) forging for three times.
In the present invention, the deformation amount of the first forging of the three-pass forging is preferably 8 to 15%, more preferably 9 to 14%, more preferably 10 to 13%, and most preferably 11 to 12%.
In the present invention, the deformation ratio of the second forging of the three-pass forging is preferably 20 to 40%, more preferably 25 to 35%, and most preferably 30%.
In the present invention, the deformation ratio of the third forging of the three-pass forging is preferably 2 to 5%, and more preferably 3 to 4%.
In the invention, the deformation of each pass of radial forging is controlled, so that temperature change, deformation and surface quality can be considered, and the formed bar material is ensured to have uniform size, fine structure and good surface quality.
In the invention, the rhythm refers to uniform discharging production of the radial forging machine in the secondary forging process, and the discharging amount is preferably 3-5 counts/hour, more preferably 4 counts/hour; and discharging the material after the material is preferably discharged to produce the next material, and strictly prohibiting the blank from being discharged in advance and then waiting on a roller way.
In the invention, by controlling the radial forging production rhythm, the serious reduction of the surface temperature of the blank and the large temperature difference inside and outside the blank caused by long-time waiting can be avoided, so that the non-uniform deformation and the non-uniform grain size caused by non-uniform temperature are eliminated.
In the present invention, the cooling method is preferably air cooling, and more preferably, the bar is air cooled by spreading in a pebble field.
According to the invention, by adopting a combined forging method of an 45/50MN fast forging machine and an 18MN radial forging machine, and matching proper forging temperature and radial forging deformation, 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel bars with uniform and fine crystal grains, ultrasonic nondestructive flaw detection meeting GB/T416-2008A level and good surface quality are forged and produced.
Example 1
The austenitic stainless steel bar forging was performed as follows:
heating of an electroslag steel ingot with the diameter of phi 550 mm: heating an electroslag ingot with the components of 0Cr18Ni9 and phi 550mm by using a chamber type heating furnace, wherein the heating temperature is 1160 ℃, and immediately entering a 45/50MN rapid forging machine to start production after the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
forging a radial forging blank by a quick forging machine: upsetting by using an 45/50MN quick forging machine until H is approximately equal to 900mm, and drawing to obtain an octagonal radial forging blank with the length of 280 mm;
heating the radial forging blank: heating the radial forging blank by a chamber type heating furnace at 1150 ℃, and immediately entering a radial forging machine to start production after the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
forging a finished product by using a radial forging machine: forging the material into a finished product with phi 213mm by using an 18MN diameter forging machine, wherein the deformation sequence is as follows by controlling the deformation rate:
280mm octagonal → 260mm phi → 216mm phi → 213 mm;
cooling after forging: after radial forging, the material is placed in a pebble field and is spread out for air cooling.
The high magnification photograph of the bar structure prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is shown in fig. 1, the grain size rating (GB/T6394-2002 metal average grain size determination method) is 6.5 grade, and the bar GB/4162-2008A grade is qualified for flaw detection.
Example 2
The austenitic stainless steel bar forging was performed as follows:
heating of an electroslag steel ingot with the diameter of phi 550 mm: heating electroslag ingots with the components of 1Cr18Ni9Ti and phi 550mm by using a chamber type heating furnace at 1180 ℃ and immediately entering a 45/50MN rapid forging machine for production after the heat preservation time is 2 hours;
forging a radial forging blank by a quick forging machine: upsetting by using an 45/50MN quick forging machine until H is approximately equal to 1000mm, and drawing to 270mm octagonal diameter forging blank;
heating the radial forging blank: heating the radial forging blank by a chamber type heating furnace at the heating temperature of 1160 ℃, and immediately entering a radial forging machine to start production after the heat preservation time is 1.5 hours;
forging a finished product by using a radial forging machine: forging the material into a finished product with phi 197mm by using an 18MN radial forging machine, wherein the deformation sequence is as follows by controlling the deformation rate:
270mm octagonal → phi 257mm → phi 200mm → phi 197 mm;
cooling after forging: after radial forging, the material is placed in a pebble field and is spread out for air cooling.
The high magnification photograph of the bar structure prepared in the example 2 of the invention is shown in fig. 2, the grain size rating (GB/T6394-2002 metal average grain size determination method) is 7.5 grade, and the bar GB/4162-2008A grade is qualified for flaw detection.
Example 3
The austenitic stainless steel bar forging was performed as follows:
heating of an electroslag steel ingot with the diameter of phi 550 mm: heating an electroslag ingot with the components of 00Cr18Ni10N and phi 550mm by using a chamber type heating furnace at the heating temperature of 1190 ℃, and immediately entering a 45/50MN rapid forging machine to start production after the heat preservation time is 4 hours;
forging a radial forging blank by a quick forging machine: upsetting by adopting an 45/50MN quick forging machine until H is approximately equal to 1200mm, and drawing out to 350mm octagonal diameter forging blank.
Heating the radial forging blank: heating the radial forging blank by a chamber type heating furnace at 1140 ℃, and immediately entering a radial forging machine to start production after the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours;
forging a finished product by using a radial forging machine: forging the material into a finished product with the diameter of 252mm by adopting an 18MN diameter forging machine, and controlling the deformation rate and the deformation sequence as follows:
350mm octagonal → phi 330mm → phi 255mm → phi 252 mm;
cooling after forging: after radial forging, the material is placed in a pebble field and is spread out for air cooling.
The high magnification photograph of the bar structure prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention is shown in fig. 3, the grain size rating (GB/T6394-2002 metal average grain size determination method) is grade 7, and the bar GB/4162-.
Performance detection
Preparing a test sample on the bar prepared in the embodiment, and performing tensile and impact tests after heat treatment; the sample preparation is carried out according to the GB/T2975-1998 sample position and sample preparation for mechanical property test of steel and steel products; the tensile test is detected according to the GB/T228-2010 metal material tensile test standard; the impact test is detected according to the standard of GB/T229-2020 'metallic material Charpy pendulum impact test method'; the detection results are as follows:
according to the invention, by adopting a combined forging method of an 45/50MN fast forging machine and an 18MN radial forging machine, and matching proper forging temperature and radial forging deformation, 18-8 series austenitic stainless steel bars with uniform and fine crystal grains, ultrasonic nondestructive flaw detection meeting GB/T416-2008A level and good surface quality are forged and produced.
While the invention has been described and illustrated with reference to specific embodiments thereof, such description and illustration are not intended to limit the invention. It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims, to adapt a particular situation, material, composition of matter, substance, method or process to the objective, spirit and scope of this application. All such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims appended hereto. Although the methods disclosed herein have been described with reference to particular operations performed in a particular order, it should be understood that these operations may be combined, sub-divided, or reordered to form equivalent methods without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. Accordingly, unless specifically indicated herein, the order and grouping of the operations is not a limitation of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of forging an austenitic stainless steel bar comprising:
heating the electroslag steel ingot for one time and then forging for one time to obtain a radial forging blank;
carrying out secondary heating on the radial forging blank, and then carrying out secondary forging to obtain a bar material;
cooling the rod.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the primary heating is 1150-1200 ℃; the heat preservation time is 2-5 hours.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the height after upsetting in the primary forging is 0.4 to 0.6H0，H0Is the initial height of the electroslag steel ingot.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the secondary heating is 1120-1180 ℃; the heat preservation time is 1.5-4 hours.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cooling is air cooling.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the secondary forging comprises three forging passes.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first forging has a deformation of 8 to 15% during the three-pass forging.
8. A method according to claim 6, wherein the second forging of the three forging passes has a deformation of 20 to 40%.
9. A method according to claim 6, wherein the deformation of the third forging in the three-pass forging is 2-5%.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the discharging amount in the secondary forging process is controlled to be 3-5 counts/hour.
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| CN202111422790.9A CN114130937B (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 | Forging method of austenitic stainless steel bar |
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| CN202111422790.9A CN114130937B (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 | Forging method of austenitic stainless steel bar |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102899580A (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Large cross section austenite stainless steel thick plate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103350173A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-10-16 | 钢铁研究总院 | Production method of integral special-shaped heavy forging made of austenitic stainless steel |
| CN105088094A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-11-25 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | Manufacturing method of nitrogen-controlled austenitic stainless steel large forging piece |
| CN110935827A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-31 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Forging method of large-specification fine-grain austenitic gas valve steel SNCrW |
-
2021
- 2021-11-26 CN CN202111422790.9A patent/CN114130937B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102899580A (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Large cross section austenite stainless steel thick plate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103350173A (en) * | 2013-06-24 | 2013-10-16 | 钢铁研究总院 | Production method of integral special-shaped heavy forging made of austenitic stainless steel |
| CN105088094A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-11-25 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | Manufacturing method of nitrogen-controlled austenitic stainless steel large forging piece |
| CN110935827A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-31 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Forging method of large-specification fine-grain austenitic gas valve steel SNCrW |
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Effective date of registration: 20231213 Address after: 621700 Jiangdong Road, Jiangyou City, Mianyang, Sichuan Patentee after: PANGANG GROUP JIANGYOU CHANGCHENG SPECIAL STEEL Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Chengdu advanced metal material industry technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Address before: 621700 Jiangdong Road, Jiangyou City, Mianyang, Sichuan Patentee before: PANGANG GROUP JIANGYOU CHANGCHENG SPECIAL STEEL Co.,Ltd. |
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