CN103305672A - Heat treatment process for ultra-large type tube plate forge piece of pressure container - Google Patents
Heat treatment process for ultra-large type tube plate forge piece of pressure container Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment process for an ultra-large type tube plate forged piece of a pressure container and belongs to the technical field of large forged piece heat treatment processes. The heat treatment process comprises a forged heat treatment process and a performance heat treatment process, wherein normalizing, normalizing and high-temperature tempering are performed in the forged heat treatment process; quenching and high-temperature tempering are performed in the performance heat treatment process. Compared with a conventional one-time normalizing and tempering process, the heat treatment process has the advantages that through the forged heat treatment process in which the normalizing, normalizing and high-temperature tempering are performed, grains can be further refined and uniformized, the degree of grain size is improved, and good organization conditions are prepared for the subsequent heat treatment; through the performance heat treatment process in which quenching and high-temperature tempering are performed, good comprehensive performance indexes can be obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petrochemical equipment pressurized vessel ultra-large tube sheet thermal treatment process, relate in particular to a kind of thermal treatment process of pressurized vessel ultra-large tube sheet forging, belong to heavy forging thermal treatment process technology field.
Background technology
Pressurized vessel refers to filling gas or liquid, the Sealing Arrangement of carrying certain pressure.Reactor, interchanger, separator and storage etc. all belong to pressurized vessel.Pressurized vessel has in technique extremely widely to be used, and the pressurized vessel of all size is widely used in oil, Sweet natural gas, petrochemical complex and chemical industry etc.
Present a lot of high temperature, high pressure, hydrogen-type corrosion, ultra-high voltage key equipment such as nuclear pressure shell, large-scale hydrogenator, EO/EG device reaction device equal pressure container all adopt the smithwelding formula.Adopt ultra-large type fixed tube sheet type heavy wall interchanger such as large-scale ethylene reaction device, tube sheet is in reactor, is used for the part of support housing and pipe.
The manufacture characteristic of ultra-large tube sheet is that cost is high, performance requriements is high, production difficulty is large.Need to improve by rational thermal treatment process the property indices of tube sheet forging, satisfy user's service requirements.During traditional tube sheet forging was made, large-scale tube sheet adopted the monoblock type manufacturing usually, easily causes the defectives such as coarse grains and inclusion crack, causes scrap rate higher, easily caused the tremendous economic loss.How to improve the internal soundness of large-scale tube sheet, improve product percent of pass, be one of difficult problem that affects the large pressurized vessel production domesticization always.
Thermal treatment is that metal works is heated to certain temperature, and behind insulation certain hour under this temperature, puts into oil or water with friction-motion speed cooling, by changing that metallic substance shows or interior tissue is controlled a kind of technique of its performance.
Tube sheet forging prior heat treatment process weak point shows as:
(1) forges postheat treatment technique, mostly adopt normalizing+tempering, observe still similar to normalizing of metallographic structures down at 100 times, be granular ferrite and perlite, just observe the most of nodularization of perlite under the high power.Abundant not to crystal grain thinning.For thicker tube sheet forging, because smelting condition, segregation are serious, inner crystal grain is relatively thick, then need increase a normalizing and once excessively cold, makes more refinement and evenly of matrix, for subsequent heat treatment and mechanical workout are carried out the tissue preparation.
(2) property heat treatment time cooling is insufficient.Traditional technology is quenched and usually to be cooled to 150 ℃, just begins to carry out follow-up temper below namely reaching martensitic phase height (220 ℃), causes cooling abundant not.Adopting tempering temperature is 600～630 ℃, is lower than 640 ℃ of tempering, easily causes hardness high and inhomogeneous, and fragility is high, and impact value is low, poor toughness.Be difficult to obtain good integrated performance index.
Heavy froging often exists coarse grains and inhomogeneous, more gas and inclusion, larger forging stress etc., needs to formulate rational heat treatment process parameter with rectification of defects.After the 20MnMoNb Hi-Stren steel forging process for fuel, if thermal treatment process is improper, can not improve well the mechanical property of material, organize coarse grains, easily cause and form the stress concentration phenomenon in the follow-up welding process.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of thermal treatment process of pressurized vessel ultra-large tube sheet forging, thermal treatment comprises two stages, namely forges postheat treatment and property heat treatment, satisfies the requirement of ultra-large tube sheet favorable comprehensive mechanical property.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
Forge postheat treatment:
Heavy froging is because crystallization is slow, segregation is serious, and recrystal grain is thick and inhomogeneous, and inside and outside temperature difference is so easily cause austenite crystal thick, inhomogeneous.The forging postheat treatment technique of described forging is normalizing+normalizing+high tempering: normalizing temperature is 930 ± 20 ℃ for the first time; Normalizing temperature is 880 ± 20 ℃ for the second time; The high tempering temperature is 640 ± 20 ℃, finishes the forging postheat treatment of piecemeal forging; Adopt normalizing+normalizing+high-temperature tempering process flow process, compare with 1 time traditional normalizing+tempering process, its advantage is further crystal grain thinning, farthest improves grain fineness number.The crystal grain thinning degree not only can reduce the generation of inclusion crack, and is the good organization condition of thermal treatment preparation of postorder, is conducive to improve the mechanical property of forging.
The forging postheat treatment concrete steps of described forging are:
1. for the first time normalizing
Before for the first time normalizing, the forging temperature is incubated 7 hours at 600～650 ℃, and for the first time normalizing of beginning then heats up.For the first time normalizing is warming up to 930 ± 20 ℃, is incubated 6 hours.Hang lower chassis air cooling to 400～450 ℃.For the first time normalizing purpose is to eliminate the stress that forms in the forging process, improves microstructure.
For the first time normalizing, the temperature of austenitizing is higher, is Ac3+ (50～100 ℃), and cutting off contacting of coarse grain and newborn intergranule in the forging tissue, but at this moment the gained austenite crystal is still thicker, need carry out the further crystal grain thinning of secondary normalizing.20MnMoNb is the pressurized vessel forging steel, and the Ac3 temperature is 840～860 ℃, so select 930 ± 20 ℃ of normalizing temperatures.
2. for the second time normalizing
Enter 300 ± 20 ℃ in stove, be incubated 10 hours, be warming up to 670 ± 10 ℃, be incubated 7 hours, because forging ' s block dimension is large, alloying element is more, its objective is the internal-external temperature difference and the internal stress that reduce forging.Then begin to heat up and carry out the normalizing second time.For the second time normalizing is warming up to 880 ± 20 ℃, is incubated 7 hours.Hang lower chassis air cooling to 400～450 ℃.Recrystallization is carried out in for the second time normalizing, and purpose is in order to obtain thinner crystal grain, in order to improve tissue and the performance of forging.
For the second time normalizing, the temperature of austenitizing is lower, is generally Ac3+ (25～50 ℃).20MnMoNb is the pressurized vessel forging steel, and the Ac3 temperature is 840～860 ℃, and normalizing temperature is 880 ± 20 ℃ so select for the second time, is below or above normalizing temperature, is unfavorable for obtaining than close grain.Austenitic grain fineness number and heating condition have direct relation, and grain-size raises along with Heating temperature or holding time is constantly grown up.If Heating temperature during apparently higher than critical temperature, makes Austenite Grain Growth, form open grain structure after the cooling.So normalizing temperature can not be too high.
For heavy froging, the defectives such as the coarse grains that adopts double normalizing normally to eliminate steel to produce in smelting process, component segregation are eliminated the stress that forging forms in forging process, improve microstructure, farthest improve grain fineness number.
3. high tempering
Be cooled to 400～450 ℃ after for the second time normalizing, enter 300 ± 20 ℃ of insulations of stove 12 hours, continue heating and carry out high tempering.High tempering is warming up to 640 ± 20 ℃, is incubated to be cooled to after 50 hours to be lower than 150 ℃, comes out of the stove, and finishes the forging postheat treatment technique of piecemeal forging.20MnMoNb contains higher Mo, and temper resistance is good, obtains tempered sorbite behind high tempering, has higher toughness and intensity.After the heavy forging normalizing, can eliminate internal stress and improve tissue and performance with high tempering.High tempering can eliminate stress after the normalizing, and crystal grain thinning reduces hardness.Plasticity is lower after the normalizing, improves a lot by high tempering plasticity.Institute has again the favorable comprehensive mechanical property of plasticity and toughness so that forging has some strength and hardness.
Property heat treatment:
The property heat treatment of described forging adopts the quenching+high tempering technical process, and it is the critical process that determines tube sheet tissue, Hardness Distribution, stress distribution and over-all properties.Quenching temperature is 920 ± 10 ℃, is incubated 10 hours, and water-cooled is to room temperature, to obtain good comprehensive mechanical performance; The high tempering temperature is 640 ± 10 ℃, is incubated 16 hours, and air cooling is to room temperature, to obtain the good over-all properties of high strength and toughness;
The property heat treatment concrete steps of described forging are:
1. quench
Be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃, be incubated after 6 hours, be warming up to 920 ± 10 ℃ of quenching temperatures, be incubated 10 hours, then water-cooled is to room temperature.Its advantage: when 1. steel alloy was heated to 900～960 ℃, alloying element dissolved in the matrix in a large number so that the hardening capacity of material is good.Therefore select 920 ± 10 ℃ of degree of being heated to, adopt water-cooled can obtain to organize preferably and higher hardness.2. the fast and cooling of quench cooling rate fully can obtain high strength and hardness.
2. high tempering
Be warming up to 350 ± 10 ℃, be incubated after 12 hours, be warming up to 640 ± 10 ℃ of tempering temperatures, be incubated 16 hours, air cooling obtains tempered sorbite to room temperature.With thorough elimination internal stress, improve plasticity and the toughness of metal, obtain the good comprehensive mechanical property of high strength and toughness.
Usually steel alloy is heated to 900～960 ℃, when quenching rear tempering, descends to some extent with tempering temperature rising hardness.When tempering temperature was higher than 580 ℃, the hardness downward trend was obvious.So adopt 640 ± 10 ℃ of high temperings to reduce hardness, improve toughness.
The present invention relates to a kind of thermal treatment process of pressurized vessel ultra-large tube sheet forging, the forging postheat treatment of forging, adopt the technical process of normalizing+normalizing+high tempering, compare with 1 time traditional normalizing+tempering process, its advantage is further refinement and even grained, farthest improve grain fineness number, and be the good organization condition of thermal treatment preparation of postorder.The property heat treatment of forging adopts the technical process of quenching+high tempering, and its advantage is that quenching water-inlet speed is fast, and the water-cooled time is long, fully is cooled to room temperature, can obtain to organize preferably and higher hardness.Adopt 640 ℃ of high temperings, obtain good over-all properties.
Embodiment
Provide the embodiment of the invention, the present invention is illustrated, but do not consist of any limitation of the invention.Ultra-large tube sheet forging of the present invention refers to diameter greater than 6 meters tube sheet, and described pressurized vessel ultra-large tube sheet adopts the 20MnMoNb steel;
Forge postheat treatment
The technical process of normalizing+normalizing+high tempering is adopted in the forging postheat treatment of described forging.Compare with the forging postheat treatment technique of traditional 1 normalizing+tempering, further crystal grain thinning farthest improves grain size number, is the condition that the mechanical property thermal treatment of postorder provides, and is conducive to improve the mechanical property of forging.The forging postheat treatment concrete steps of described piecemeal forging are:
1. for the first time normalizing
Before for the first time normalizing, the forging temperature remains on 600～650 ℃, and 7 hours, for the first time normalizing of beginning then heated up.For the first time normalizing is warming up to 930 ± 20 ℃, is incubated 6 hours.Hang lower chassis air cooling to 400～450 ℃.For the first time normalizing purpose is to eliminate the stress that forms in the forging process, improves microstructure.For the first time normalizing, the temperature of austenitizing is higher, is Ac3+ (50～100 ℃), and cutting off contacting of coarse grain and newborn intergranule in the forging tissue, but at this moment the gained austenite crystal is still thicker, need carry out the further crystal grain thinning of secondary normalizing.20MnMoNb is the pressurized vessel forging steel, and the Ac3 temperature is 840～860 ℃, so select 930 ± 20 ℃ of normalizing temperatures.
2. for the second time normalizing
Enter 300 ± 20 ℃ in stove, be warming up to 670 ± 10 ℃, be incubated 7 hours, for the second time normalizing of beginning then continues to heat up.For the second time normalizing is warming up to 880 ± 20 ℃, is incubated 7 hours, hangs lower chassis air cooling to 400～450 ℃.For the second time normalizing, the temperature of austenitizing is lower, is generally Ac3+ (25～50 ℃), and selecting normalizing temperature is 880 ± 20 ℃, its objective is in order to obtain thinner crystal grain.Be below or above normalizing temperature, be unfavorable for obtaining than close grain.
3. high tempering
Be cooled to 400～450 ℃ after for the second time normalizing, enter 300 ± 20 ℃ in stove, be incubated after 12 hours, continue heating and carry out high tempering.The high tempering temperature is 640 ± 20 ℃, is incubated to be cooled to after 50 hours to be lower than 150 ℃, comes out of the stove, and finishes the forging postheat treatment technique of piecemeal forging.20MnMoNb contains higher Mo, and temper resistance is good, obtains tempered sorbite behind high tempering, has higher toughness and intensity.After the heavy forging normalizing, can eliminate internal stress and improve tissue and performance with high tempering.High tempering can eliminate stress after the normalizing, and crystal grain thinning reduces hardness.Plasticity is lower after the normalizing, improves a lot by high tempering plasticity.Institute has again the comprehensive mechanical property of good plasticity and toughness so that forging has certain degree of hardness and intensity.
Property heat treatment
The property heat treatment of described forging adopts quenching+high tempering technique.Concrete steps are:
1. quench
Be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃, be incubated after 6 hours, be warming up to 920 ± 10 ℃ of quenching temperatures, be incubated 10 hours.Then carry out water-cooled to room temperature, require quenching water-inlet speed fast, the water-cooled time is long, and water-cooled is abundant, is cooled to room temperature.Its advantage: when 1. being heated to 900～960 ℃ owing to steel alloy, it is interior so that the hardening capacity of material is good that alloying element dissolves in matrix in a large number, selects to be heated to 920 ± 10 ℃.Adopt water-cooled can obtain to organize preferably and higher hardness.2. the fast and cooling of quench cooling rate fully obtains high strength and hardness.
2. high tempering
Be warming up to 350 ± 10 ℃, be incubated after 12 hours, be warming up to 640 ± 10 ℃ of tempering temperatures, be incubated 16 hours, air cooling obtains tempered sorbite to room temperature.With thorough elimination internal stress, improve plasticity and the toughness of metal, to obtain the good comprehensive mechanical property of high strength and toughness.
Compare with traditional property heat treatment technique, because quench cooling rate is fast and cooling is abundant, be conducive to improve forging intensity; And adopt 640 ℃ high tempering, be conducive to obtain favorable comprehensive mechanical property.
According to above-mentioned explained hereafter ultra-large tube sheet forging, material is 20MnMoNb, meets the requirement of pressurized vessel flaw detection JB4730.3-2005 standard I level through ultrasonic wave.According to the GB/T6394-2002 standard, grain size number reaches 8 grades, and property indices (hardness, intensity, unit elongation, shock resistance) meets the demands.
Claims (1)
1. the thermal treatment process of a pressurized vessel ultra-large tube sheet forging, described pressurized vessel ultra-large tube sheet adopts the 20MnMoNb steel; Described thermal treatment process comprises forges postheat treatment technique, property heat treatment technique; It is characterized in that:
The forging postheat treatment technique of described forging is normalizing+normalizing+high tempering:
Normalizing temperature is 930 ± 20 ℃ for the first time; Normalizing temperature is 880 ± 20 ℃ for the second time; The high tempering temperature is 640 ± 20 ℃, finishes the forging postheat treatment of piecemeal forging; Adopt the forging postheat treatment technique of double normalizing+tempering, can crystal grain thinning, farthest improve grain size number, and be the good organization condition of thermal treatment preparation of postorder, be conducive to improve the mechanical property of forging;
The property heat treatment technique of described forging is quenching+high tempering:
Quenching temperature is 920 ± 10 ℃, is incubated 10 hours, and water-cooled is to room temperature, to obtain good comprehensive mechanical performance; The high tempering temperature is 640 ± 10 ℃, is incubated 16 hours, and air cooling is to room temperature, to obtain the good over-all properties of high strength and toughness;
The forging postheat treatment concrete steps of forging are:
1. for the first time normalizing
Before for the first time normalizing, the forging temperature is incubated 7 hours at 600～650 ℃, and for the first time normalizing of beginning then heats up; For the first time normalizing is warming up to 930 ± 20 ℃, is incubated 6 hours; Hang lower chassis air cooling to 400～450 ℃;
2. for the second time normalizing
Enter 300 ± 20 ℃ in stove, be incubated 10 hours, be warming up to 670 ± 10 ℃, be incubated 7 hours; Then begin to heat up and carry out the normalizing second time; For the second time normalizing is warming up to 880 ± 20 ℃, is incubated 7 hours; Hang lower chassis air cooling to 400～450 ℃;
3. high tempering
Be cooled to 400～450 ℃ after for the second time normalizing, enter 300 ± 20 ℃ of insulations of stove 12 hours, continue heating and carry out high tempering; High tempering is warming up to 640 ± 20 ℃, is incubated to be cooled to after 50 hours to be lower than 150 ℃, comes out of the stove, and finishes the forging postheat treatment technique of forging;
The property heat treatment concrete steps of forging are:
1. quench
Be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃, be incubated after 6 hours, be warming up to 920 ± 10 ℃ of quenching temperatures, be incubated 10 hours, then water-cooled is to room temperature;
2. high tempering
Be warming up to 350 ± 10 ℃, be incubated after 12 hours, be warming up to 640 ± 10 ℃ of tempering temperatures, be incubated 16 hours, air cooling is to room temperature.
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| CN106119469A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-16 | 山东伊莱特重工股份有限公司 | A kind of Technology for Heating Processing of large forgings crystal grain thinning |
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| CN108380801B (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2020-05-05 | 无锡宏达重工股份有限公司 | Manufacturing process of large pressure vessel tube plate forging |
| CN109929981A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-06-25 | 无锡宏达重工股份有限公司 | The technique for optimizing 09MnNiD low-temperature impact work |
| CN110283974A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-09-27 | 洛阳中创重型机械有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment process of pressure vessel 12Cr2Mo1V steel forgings |
| CN111139348A (en) * | 2019-12-14 | 2020-05-12 | 张家港广大特材股份有限公司 | Heat treatment method for improving impact toughness of large-section low-alloy high-strength steel forging core |
| CN111139348B (en) * | 2019-12-14 | 2022-04-12 | 张家港广大特材股份有限公司 | Heat treatment method for improving impact toughness of large-section low-alloy high-strength steel forging core |
| CN112961964A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-15 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | Differential temperature quenching technology for thick section steel for container |
| CN113862434A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-31 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Heat treatment process of 35CrNi3MoVR material for thick-wall ultrahigh-pressure container |
| CN114453539A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-10 | 伊莱特能源装备股份有限公司 | Tube plate forging piece forging changing process |
| CN115927801A (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-04-07 | 铜陵有色金神耐磨材料有限责任公司 | Heat treatment process for refining ferrous metal grains |
| CN115927801B (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-10-03 | 铜陵有色金神耐磨材料有限责任公司 | Heat treatment process for refining ferrous metal grains |
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